Alexander's Drachm Mints II

Author: Thompson, Margaret E., 1911-1992
Series: Numismatic Studies
Publisher: American Numismatic Society
Place: New York
Date: 1991
Source: Donum
Source: Worldcat
Source: Worldcat Works
Source: HathiTrust

License

Acknowledgement

Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program.

Export

FRONT

ALEXANDER’S DRACHM MINTS II: LAMPSACUS AND ABYDUS

By MARGARET THOMPSON

THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY NEW YORK 1991

For HYLA TROXELL,ORESTES ZERVOS,and CHARLES HERSH in grateful acknowledgement of the help which enabled me to finish this book

Abbreviations	8
Introduction	9
Lampsacus	Attribution
11	Catalogue and Commentaries
11	Synopsis of the Coinage
38	Chronology
38	Abydus
Attribution	41
Catalogue and Commentaries	42
Synopsis of the Coinage	63
Chronology	63
Hoards	Alphabetical Listing
67	Gold
67	Silver
71	Hoard Chart

ABBREVIATIONS

ANSMN 10
Sydney P. Noe , “The Corinth Hoard of 1938,” ANSMN 10 (1962), pp. 9-41
Demanhur
E. T. Newell , Alexander Hoards 2: Demanhur 1905, ANSNNM 19 (New York City , 1923)
Hirsch
Paul Naster , La Collection Lucien de Hirsch: Catalogue des monaies grecques (Brussels, 1959)
Hunter
G. Macdonald, Catalogue of Greek Coins in the Hunterian Collection, vol. 1 (Glasgow, 1899)
IGCH
M. Thompson, O. MØrkholm, C. M. Kraay, eds., An Inventory of Greek Coin Hoards (New York City , 1973)
McClean
S. W. Grose, Catalogue of the McClean Collection of Greek Coins, 3 vols. (Cambridge , 1923-29)
Poenaru Bordea
Gh. Poenaru Bordea , “Le Trésor de Mărăşeşi,” Dacia 18 (1974), pp. 103-25
Pridik
Eugen Pridik , “Anadol’skii klad zolotykh staterov 1895 goda” [Gold staters found at Anadol in 1895], Imperatorskoi arkheologicheskoi Kommissii, Izviestiia 3 (1902), pp. 58-92, pls. 8-13
Reattrib.
E. T. Newell , Reattribution of Certain Tetradrachms of Alexander the Great (New York City , 1912)
Sardes and Miletus
Margaret Thompson, Alexander’s Drachm Mints I: Sardis and Miletus, ANSNS 16 (New York, 1983)
SNG
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum
SNGAshm
SNG [Great Britain], vol. 5, pt. 2, Ashmolean Museum Oxford (London , 1969)
SNGBerry
SNG: The Burton Y. Berry Collection, pt. 1 (New York City , 1961)
SNGCop
SNG: The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum (Copenhagen , 1955)
SNGDavis
SNG [Great Britain], vol. 1, pt. 2, The Newnham Davis Coins in the Wilson Collection of Classical and Eastern Antiquities, Marischal College, Aberdeen (London , 1936)
SNGDelepierre
SNG: France, Bibliothèque Nationale...Collection Jean et Marie Delepierre (Paris , 1983)
SNGFitz
SNG [Great Britain], vol. 4, Fitzwilliam Museum: Leake and General Collections (London , 1967)
SNGLewis
SNG [Great Britain], vol. 6, The Lewis Collection in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge(London , 1972)
SNGLockett
SNG [Great Britain], vol. 3, The Lockett Collection, pt. 3, Macedonia-Aegina (London , 1942)
SNGSwed
SNG Sweden, vol. 2, pt. 2 (Stockholm, 1980)
Weber
L. Forrer, The Weber Collection, vol. 2, Greek Coins (London , 1924)
YCS 14
Margaret Thompson and Alfred R. Bellinger , “Greek Coins in the Yale Collection, 4: A Hoard of Alexander Drachms,” Yale Classical Studies 14 (1955), pp. 32-34 and pls. [1-3], 1-26.

INTRODUCTION

Under Alexander and his successors down to the end of the fourth century, seven mints in Asia Minor produced the small change of the entire empire, their very substantial emissions of drachms supplemented at time by much smaller issues of tetradrachms.1 This pattern is in sharp contrast to that prevailing elsewhere. At all other mints the principal denomination was the tetradrachm; drachms were rarely struck and then only in minor quantity. The reasons for this distinction in the kind of money produced by various mints are no more evident now than they were in earlier studies. As a regional distinction it conforms to the traditions of the pre-Alexandrine period when the basic unit of exchange for much of Asia Minor was a small silver coin, the Persian siglos or the autonomous drachm, while Macedonia , Cilicia and lands further south and east relied on a large silver coin, the tetradrachm or the shekel. Whether the pattern was set by royal decree or by local authority is a question that cannot be definitively answered but the fact that it endured well after Alexander’s death attests its efficacy.

In addition to small silver, the seven mints produced a surprisingly extensive gold coinage: staters of Alexander and Philip III and posthumous issues of Philip II. The figures are truly impressive. Lampsacus , for example, used over 100 obverse dies for her gold emissions, a total which far surpasses that of the average tetradrachm mint and approaches or even slightly exceeds the output of such major workshops as Amphipolis and Babylon. When the final tally is available, we may find that most of the gold coinage of 330-300 B.C. came from Asia Minor .

The drachm mints under present discussion have been identified as Lampsacus , Abydus, Sardes , Colophon , Magnesia, Miletus and probably Teos. In general the attributions are those of Edward T. Newell but his trays and notes rarely offer any clue as to the basis of his judgment. As is true of the bulk of Alexander’s coinage, the earlier Asia Minor issues employ symbols and monograms which are moneyers’ marks without civic connotation. They may serve to bring together separate strikings but they are of no real help in determining the location of the mint. Toward the end of the century the situation changes. Lysimachus gains control of northwestern Asia Minor and of the mints which had been coining for Antigonus. As one would logically expect, he keeps them in operation for the production of his own money. Often the same symbols and monograms carry over from Antigonus’s final issues to the Alexandrine coins of Lysimachus and then to the latter’s own regnal strikings. Some of these symbols now have civic significance and thus confirm the attribution of the series as a whole. Not all mints can be located with the same degree of certainty, but there is more evidence for attribution than might appear at first glance.

Although all seven mints adhere to the basic pattern of monetary production, there are noteworthy variations in the type and quantity of coinage put out and in the chronological span of minting activity. Miletus and Sardes are more or less disparate workshops and were combined in the earlier study for the sake of convenience. They initiated these studies not because they are the most important of the mints but because their chronologies are comparatively tight and their coinages have a number of unusual features. Lampsacus and Abydus, the subjects of this study, are linked in terms of geography and to some extent style; while the three Ionian mints have elements in common which make it sensible to treat them as a group.

Throughout the catalogues it is to be understood that the coins, unless otherwise indicated, are the standard gold, silver, and bronze types issued in the names of Philip II, Alexander III or IV, and Philip III. This is not a corpus in the sense that all available public and private collections have been culled for material; the numerous coins, casts and photo file cards at the ANS provide adequate evidence for the chronological sequence and the relative size of the individual issues. That the record is incomplete with respect to the drachms is clear from the fact that so many die combinations are known from only one example. Obviously a great many more drachm dies were originally employed but even prolonged search is unlikely to give the full story. While the reverses of the gold and the tetradrachms, as well as the smaller drachm issues, have been checked for die linkage to establish the sequence of emission, only cursory attention has been paid to reverse transfers within the large drachm issues since ascertaining the exact order in which the obverse dies were used does not seem worth the labor involved. Illustration (as indicated by asterisks before catalogue entries) is also less comprehensive for the drachms than for other sections of the coinage. All recorded gold and tetradrachm obverses are shown on the plates but in some instances drachm dies have not been reproduced if they are similar in style to illustrated examples. The numerous hoards, cited parenthetically after individual entries, are identified and discussed in the section on Hoards which concludes the study.

End Notes

1	This introduction is reproduced from the foreword to Sardis and Miletus with appropriate emendations.

BODY

LAMPSACUS

ATTRIBUTION

The coinage here attributed to Lampsacus follows closely the arrangement in an unpublished manuscript of Edward T. Newell in which he outlined the Alexandrine output of that mint. There is a drastic shift in the position of one series and the chronology has been modified to some extent; these alterations will be noted in the relevant commentaries. Otherwise the catalogue reflects Newell’s preliminary thoughts on the Lampsacene coinage from the time of Alexander to that of Lysimachus .

That the mint was Lampsacus is basically attested by the large issue with Pegasus forepart, the badge of the city, as its major control. This comes, however, at the end of the sequence. The association of preceding issues rests largely upon stylistic criteria and the recurrence of secondary controls. There is die linkage between series but unfortunately not nearly as much as in the case of Abydus where connections are firmly established.

As Newell notes, Lampsacus had long been an active mint, as witness its extensive autonomous coinage. Furthermore, it was strategically located. Obviously the Hellespont played a vital role in Alexander’s new empire, for the cities bordering on it provided the communicating lines between Asia and the home base of Macedon. Maintenance of the necessary garrisons to counter threats from the Persian satraps would have entailed considerable expense and it must have eventually become apparent that opening a royal mint in that region was a practical measure. Lampsacus with its long tradition of coinage, its supply of skilled workmen and available bullion, was a logical choice.

CATALOGUE AND COMMENTARIES

Series I. Control: CADUCEUS

Tetradrachms

Rev. to 1., caduceus

1. *ANS, 17.16↑; Hersh Coll., 16.78↑

Rev. below, Ꜹ. *Hersh Coll., 17.17↖

b. Rev. to 1., elaborate control,2 below, Ꜹ. * Istanbul, 16.41

3. Rev. of 2b. *London ; ANS (Demanhur), Reattrib., pl. 17, 4, 17.16 ←

Drachm

Rev. to 1., caduceus

4. *ANS (Sinan), 4.24↑

Series II. Control: CLUB

Tetradrachms

Rev. to 1., club

5a. *ANS (Demanhur), 17.16 ↖; ANS (ex Dattari), 17.12 ↖

b. Rev. below, K. *Hersh Coll., 17.19 ↖

Drachms

Rev. to 1., club

6a. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1964), 4.28 ↑; London

b. Commerce (Asia Minor 1964); SNGBerry 214, 4.09↑

c. ANS, 3.79↑

7. *Berlin

8. *ANS (Cavalla), 4.17 ↑; ANS, 4.10 ↑

9. *ANS (Sinan), 4.27 ↑; ANS, 4.18↑

Series III. Control: SWORD IN SCABBARD

Drachms

Rev. to 1., sword

10. Obv. of 9. *ANS, 4.15 ↑

11. *ANS (Sinan), 4.25 ↓

12a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.24 ↓

b. ANS, 4.22 ↑

Series IV. Control: STAR

Drachms

Rev. to 1., star

13a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.38 ↖; ANS, 4.06 ↖

b. Obv. die recut. ANS, 4.23 ↖

14. *ANS (Sinan), 4.31↑

Bronze

Rev. below, E

15. *ANS, 5.98←

16. *ANS, 5.25←

17. *ANS, 5.53←

18. *ANS, 5.70←

19. *ANS, 6.48←

Rev. BAΣI; below, star and Δ

20. *London

21. *Athens

Series V. Control:

Tetradrachms

Rev. to 1., Demeter;3 below stool,4

22. Rev. no monogram. *Egger 40, May 2, 1912 (Prowe), 621

23a. Rev. no monogram. *ANS (Demanhur), Reattrib., pl. 17, 7, 17.15↑

b. Rev. no monogram. Hersh Coll., 17.24↑

24. Rev. no monogram. *London

25a. Rev. no monogram. *ANS (Abu Hommos ), 17.15↑

b. Rev. die of 24 recut and monogram added. *ANS, 17.11 ↘

26. *ANS, 17.16←

27. *ANS (Demanhur), 17.24↓. SNGCop 738, 16.92↙

28a. Egger 40, May 2, 1912 (Prowe), 619, 17.13

b. *ANS, 17.13↑

c. ANS, 17.16←

d. ANS (Demanhur), 17.22↘ ANS, 17.15 ↖

29a. *ANS, 17.22↖; Met. Mus. of Art, 16.74↖; Münz. u. Med. FPL 247, Sept. 1964, 4, 17.16

b. ANS, 17.21↓

c. ANS, 17.19↑

d. ANS, 17.01↗

e. ANS (Abu Hommos ), 17.04↓

30. *ANS, 17.13↗

31a. Oxford ; ANS, 17.16 ↖

b. *ANS = Naville 5, June 18, 1923, 1419, 17.30↑

c. Haughton Coll. (Demanhur) = Sotheby, Apr. 30, 1958, 56, 17.09↓

d. ANS, 17.20 ↗

e. ANS, 16.98↗

f. ANS, 17.29↓; Grabow 14, July 27, 1939, 247, 17.20

g. ANS, 17.15↑; ANS, 17.11↓

h. Rev. below throne, Δ. London

32a. *ANS = J. N. Svoronos, “Sylloge Elenes N. Mavrogordatou,” JIAN 1911, 286, 17.18 →; Toronto , 17.24; ANS, 17.25 ↖ ; ANS, 16.81 →; Dewing Coll.

b. ANS, 17.32↓ ANS, 17.12↓ ANS, 17.20↑

c. ANS (Abu Hommos ), 17.10 ↘; H. Schulman, June 20, 1961, 1182

d. Commerce (Demanhur), 17.08

33. *ANS (Demanhur), Reattrib., pl. 17, 8, 17.36↗; Seltman Coll., 17.20; commerce (Cairo , ca. 1955)

34. *SNGFitz 2142, 17.04←

35. *ANS, 17.13 ↘

36a. Rev. die of 35. Hirsch 30, May 11, 1911, 464, 17.20

b. *ANS, 17.16↑; ANS, 17.22→

c. London

37a. *ANS, 17.21↗; ANS (Demanhur), Reattrib., pl. 17, 9, 17.18 →; ANS, 17.19←

b. ANS (Demanhur), 17.18→ ANS, 18.36 [sic]←

c. May Coll. (Demanhur), 17.21 ↓ ANS (Abu Hommos ), 17.11↓

38a. Rev. of 37c. May Coll. (Demanhur), 17.01 ↖; ANS, 17.10↑ Egger 40, May 2, 1912 (Prowe), 620, 17.05; Münz. u. Med. 13, June 17, 1954, 1104, 17.19

b. *SNGBerry 215, 17.20↑ ANS (Abu Hommos ), 16.48↑

c. ANS, 17.15→

d. ANS, 17.24↑; Weber Coll. 2103, 17.33

e. Petsalis Coll.

f. Hollschek Coll. = Dorotheum 244, Oct. 24, 1961, 223, 17.29

g. ANS, 17.14←

39a. *McClean 3427, 17.36→; ANS, 16.77← ANS, 17.08↖; ANS, 17.16 ↙; ANS, 17.08 ↘

b. ANS, 17.06↓

c. Obv. die recut. Rev. of 38g. Grabow 14, July 27, 1939, 246 = Ball 39, Apr. 1937, 288, 16.50

d. Oxford ; ANS, 17.07↖

e. *Hersh Coll., 17.12↓; Ratto, Apr. 4, 1927, 605, 17.20

40a. *ANS (Demanhur), Reattrib., pl. 17, 10, 17.11↓; ANS, 17.18 ↙; Draper Coll., 17.24; Naville 1, Apr. 4, 1921 (Pozzi), 893, 16.99

b. ANS, 17.17↑

c. ANS, 15.83 [sic]↖; Oman Coll.; Coin Galleries, Apr. 20, 1961, 83

41a. *ANS, 17.26→; Oxford ; Sartiges Coll. 201

b. Gans 16, Apr. 19, 1960, 239, 17.17

c. ANS, 17.07 → ; ANS, 17.12→; ANS, 16.38←

42a. Rev. of 41c. *English Coll. (ex Storrs), 17.08↓.

b. May Coll. (Demanhur), 17.09↗; ANS, 17.25↑

c. May Coll. (Demanhur), 17.18 ↖; ANS, 16.50↓

d. ANS (Abu Hommos ), 17.20↓,; ANS (Demanhur), 17.01 → ; Naville 6, Jan. 28, 1924 (Bement), 726, 17.17

Drachms

Rev. to 1., Demeter; below stool,

43a. Rev. no monogram. *ANS (Sinan), 4.25↑

b. Rev. no monogram. Athens (Corinth 1938); ANSMN 10, p. 15, 162, 3.91

44. Rev. no monogram. *ANS, 4.24↑

45. Rev. no monogram. *London

46. *ANS (Sinan), 4.29↓

47. ANS (Sinan), 4.28→

48a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.24 ↙

b. ANS, 4.22← 49a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.28↗

b. ANS (Sinan), 4.26 ↘

50. ANS (Sinan), 4.19↓

51. ANS (Sinan), 4.23 ↖

52. Berry Coll., 4.22

53. *ANS (Sinan), 4.27↓

54a. *ANS (Asia Minor 1964), 4.30→

b. ANS (Sinan), 4.28↑

55a. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.21↑

b. ANS (Sinan), 4.22←

56. *ANS (Sinan), 4.6→

57. *ANS (Sinan), 4.25↓; commerce 1960, 4.26↓

58. *ANS (Sinan), 4.30↗; ANS (Sinan), 4.29↓

59a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.30→

b. ANS (Larissa ), 4.09→; SNGFitz 2219, 4.13↓

60. Rev. below, Δ . *ANS, 4.26↑

61. Rev. below, Δ *ANS (Sinan), 4.32↓; ANS (Larissa ), 4.17↓

62. Rev. below, Δ *ANS (Sinan), 4.23↑; commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

63. Rev. die of 62. Turin , 4.25↗

64. ANS (Sinan), 4.30↑

65a. ANS (Sinan), 4.17 ↘

b. Berry Coll., 4.24

66. Rev. of 65b. SNGLockett 1480, 4.26↑

67. ANS (Armenak), 4.20↙; The Hague

68. *ANS (Sinan), 4.20↑

69. Rev. of 68. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

70. *ANS, 4.12↑

71. *ANS, 4.32↗

72. *Zygman Coll.

73. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.14 ↖

74. *ANS (Sinan), 4.30→

75a. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.18↓

b. ANS (Sinan), 4.15↙

c. ANS, 3.98←

76a. Yale (Bab)

b. Munich

77. *ANS (Sinan), 4.29↓; ANS (Sinan), 4.29→

78. ANS (Sinan), 4.26↙

79. ANS (Sinan), 4.34↓

80. Rev. of 79. *ANS (Sinan), 4.32↓; Hersh Coll., 4.32↓; ANS (Sinan), 4.32→

81. Riechmann 30, Dec. 11, 1924, 463, 4.23

82a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.17↘

b. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1964), see Plate 6, 127

Quarter Staters

Rev. above, addorsed horse foreparts

83. *SNGBerry 147, 2.15→; ANS = Naville 13, June 27, 1928, 516, 2.15↖

Half Stater

Rev. to 1., addorsed horse foreparts

84. *ANS, 4.29→

Staters

Rev. to 1., addorsed horse foreparts; below wing

85a. *Berlin = Hamburger, June 11, 1930, 28, 8.58; The Hague↑; Kosoff, ANA Conv., Aug. 22, 1953, 711; Dupriez 115, Apr. 20, 1914, 22

b. Sotheby, Apr. 16, 1969, 259 (Paeonia), 8.52↓

86a. Rev. die of 85a. *Troxell Coll., 8.53↑; Leningrad

b. SNGBerry 145, 8.59↓; commerce (N. Greece), 8.52

87. *Athens ; Leningrad (Anadol), Pridik 74, 8.57←

88. Obv. of Abydus 1. *Commerce

89. Burgas Museum (Jasna Poljana), Sardes and Miletus , p. 74, 16, and pl. 33

90a. *Commerce 1921

b. Platt, Mar. 27, 1922 (Luneau), 343

91a. *Paris ; commerce 1971, 8.59

b. Sotheby, Apr. 16, 1969, 260 (Paeonia ), 8.54↓

92a. Rev. of 91b. *ANS, 8.57↑

b. Florence

93. *ANS = Egger 40, May 2, 1912 (Prowe), 567, 8.60←

94a. *Saroglos Coll.

b. Commerce; SNGCop 630, 8.60↑

95. Rev. of 94b. *Leningrad, 8.54↓

96. *Leningrad, 8.49→; Bucharest Inst. Arch. (Gîldău), 8.42

97a. Hollschek Coll., 8.47

b. Obv. die recut. *ANS, 8.49↓; R. Ratto, Oct. 9, 1934, 104 = R. Ratto, June 24, 1929, 249, 8.51

98a. *SNGLewis 501, 8.48↑; Cahn 66, May 6, 1930, 185, 8.66; Cahn FPL 31, 1934, 137

b. Basel Münzhandlung 10, March 15, 1938, 203 = Hirsch 32, Nov. 14, 1912, 455, 8.60; commerce, 8.53; Bourgey, June 17, 1959, 282, 8.49

c. Rev. AΛEANΔPOY. Glendining, Apr. 23, 1970, 11

99a. *SNGBerry 146, 8.57↓; commerce (Feuardent)

b. Commerce (Spink 1921), 8.43

100a. *ANS, 8.53↗

b. Volos

101. *H. Schulman, Feb. 16, 1961, 1655, 8.54↘; Leningrad, 8.50↙; commerce (N. Greece), 8.56; commerce (N. Greece), 8.57

102a. *Dewing Coll., 8.46

b. Hamburger 98, Apr. 3, 1933, 509, 8.52

103a. *ANS, 8.56↑; commerce (N. Greece), 8.55

b. Leningrad, 8.58|

c. Commerce (N. Greece), 8.47; Sotheby, Apr. 16, 1969, 261 (Paeonia), 8.55↑

104. *McClean 3407 = Sotheby, May 4, 1908, 310, 8.56↗

105. *ANS, 8.57↖; commerce (N. Greece), 8.49

106a. *Naville 16, July 3, 1933, 1026 = Naville 13, June 27, 1928, 510), 8.60; Kishinev (Lergu )

b. Hess 208, Dec. 14, 1931, 266, 8.46; Sofia (Malko Topolovo )

107. *Weber 2075 = Ratto, Apr. 4, 1927, 571 = Sotheby, Feb. 12, 1923, 25, 8.54

108. Rev. below wing, A. *London

Series VI. Control:

Philip II Staters

Rev. below, facing head and

109. *Münz. u. Med. FPL 336, July 1972, 1, 8.55

110a. Rev. of 109. Empedocles Coll.

b. *Berlin

c. Naville 5, June 18, 1923, 1360 = Hirsch 32, Nov. 14, 1912, 447, 8.50; commerce 1921, 8.50; Kishinev (Lergu )

111. Rev. of 109. *Berlin

112a. Rev. of 110c. London ; Naville 16, July 3, 1933, 1014, 8.57

b. *Berlin

113a. Rev. of 112b. *SNG Berry 95 (Malko Topolovo ), 8.54→; Gotha

b. Munich

114a. *Cahn 84, Nov. 29, 1933, 239 = Naville 13, June 27, 1928, 476, 8.53; Coin Galleries FPL 22, Dec. 1959, 601 = Coin Galleries FPL 16, Dec. 1958, 208

b. Glendining, Mar. 7, 1957, 10, 8.55; Naville 13, June 27, 1928, 475, 8.57

115a. *London

b. Gans Coll. 8.55

116a. A. W. Thompson Coll.; Münz. u. Med. 19, June 5, 1959, 388, 8.55; commerce (N. Greece), 8.55

b. SNGLewis 499, 8.56↑

c. Paris ; Dewing Coll., 8.50; H. Miller Coll. = Naville 17, Oct. 3, 1934, 346 = Helbing, Jan. 31, 1930, 182 = Naville 14, July 2, 1929, 195 = Hamburger, Sept. 12, 1922, 18 = Serrure, Mar. 30, 1914, 46, 8.50; Schlessinger 13, Feb. 4, 1935, 624 = Naville 17, Oct. 3, 1934, 347, 8.52; Ratto, May 13, 1912, 609, 8.55; Dupriez, Apr. 7, 1913, 93; Schlessinger, Feb. 1, 1939, 617; Coin Galleries, July 11, 1955, 157

d. London ; Munich = Hess, Nov. 24, 1937, 13, 8.50

e. *Vatican; Vienna, 8.55; Bourgey, Dec. 5, 1932, 130; Kress, Oct. 28, 1960, 289; Canessa, June 28, 1923, 27 = Hirsch 30, May 11, 1911, 455 = Sotheby, May 4, 1908, 278, 8.55; commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

117. Rev. of 116e. *Sambon, Mar. 13, 1923, 390

118a. Rev. of 116e. SNGCop 532, 8.46↗; Glendining, May 27, 1936, 37, 8.55

b. Rev. of 116d. Berlin ; SNGBerry 96, 8.53→; Schlessinger, Feb. 1, 1939, 616

c. Hunter, p. 288, 12, 8.56; Rollin and Feuardent, May 9, 1910, 321

d. *London ; commerce (Spink 1919), 8.47

e. Leningrad, 8.53; Sotheby, June 2, 1924, 280, 8.52

119a. Rev. of 118e. *London

b. ANS, 8.56→

120. Rev. in exergue, serpent. *Berlin

Rev. below, serpent and

121. Obv. of 119. *Leningrad, 8.41; Glendining, May 27, 1936, 32, 8.50

122a. Rev. of 121. *Berry Coll. = Hess-Leu 28, May 5, 1965, 149, 8.54

b. Munich = Helbing, Mar. 22, 1926, 80; Berlin ; commerce (N. Greece), 8.56

123. Rev. of 122b. *Istanbul

124. *London

125a. Rev. of 124. *Hunter , p.288, 11, 8.57; ANS, 8.60↗

b. Booth Coll., 8.58; Bourgey, May 25, 1950, 47

c. Vienna, 8.47

126a. Rev. of 124. London ; The Hague; Hess 208, Dec. 14, 1931, 247, 8.56; Kishinev (Lergu )

b. Rev. of 125b. Leningrad (Anadol), Pridik 10, 8.55

c. Rev. of 125c. *Florange, May 28, 1924, 14, 8.60; Hirsch 33, Nov. 17, 1913, 636; London ; Berry Coll.; Sotheby, Parke-Bernet, Dec. 19, 1969, 8 (Paeonia), 8.58←

Drachms

Rev. to 1.,

127. Obv. of 82. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1964), 4.29↑; Münz. u. Med. FPL 247, Sept. 1964, 6 (Asia Minor 1964), 4.24

128a. Rev. cut over Demeter, erased below stool. *ANS (Sinan), 4.31←

b. London

c. ANS, 4.08←

d. Heidelberg (Asia Minor 1964)

129. Rev. of 128d. ANS, 4.05↑

130. ANS (Sinan), 4.26→

131a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.29→; ANS, 3.63↓

b. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.12↑

c. ANS (Sinan), 4.27←

d. SNGFitz 2247, 3.69↓

132a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.28←

b. ANS (Sinan), 4.22↑

c. ANS, 3.94↓; Turin, 4.13↑

133a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.23→

b. ANS (Sinan), 4.18↑

c. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.18↓

d. ANS, 4.13↑

e. Athens (Corinth 1938), 4.11

134a. ANS (Sinan), 4.29↓

b. ANS (Sinan), 4.14↓

135. ANS, 4.15↑

136a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.29→

b. Von Post Coll., 4.08↑

c. Gotha; London

137. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

138a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.29↙

b. London

139. Rev. of 138b. *Berry Coll., 4.12

Rev. to 1., ; below stool, serpent

140. *Turin, 4.11↖

141. *ANS, 4.05←

142. *ANS (Armenak), 4.16↑

143. *ANS, 4.07→

144. ANS (Sinan), 4.35→

145. *ANS (Armenak), 4.26↑

146a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.29↓

b. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

147. Rev. of 146b. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.14←

Rev. to 1., above serpent

148. Obv. of 147

a. *ANS, 4.19↑

b. ANS (Sinan), 4.20↑; Athens

149. ANS, 3.93→

150a. ANS, 4.04↓

b. London

151. Rev. of 150b. *Athens

152. *ANS (Armenak), 4.15↓

Series VII. Control: SERPENT

Philip II Staters

Rev. below, serpent

153. *ANS, 8.48←

154. Obv. of Abydus 101. Rev. of 153. *Hess-Leu 15, Apr. 7, 1960, 140, 8.62

155a. ANS = Hirsch 18, May 27, 1907, 2328, 8.57→; London ; Istanbul

b. *Berlin

156. Rev. of 155b. *Hamburger, June 12, 1930, 25, 8.55

157. Rev. of 155b. *Munich = Hamburger 95, 370; Glendining, Mar. 9, 1931, 995, 8.55↓

158. Rev. of 155b. Commerce (N. Greece), 8.55

Drachms

Rev. to 1., serpent

159. *ANS (Sinan), 4.30↑

160. *ANS (Armenak), 4.14←

161a. Rev. of 160. *SNGBerry 216, 4.26←

b. ANS, 3.95→

162. *Turin, 4.11→

163a. ANS (Sinan), 4.31↓; London; Gotha

b. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.21↑

164. Rev. of 163b. *Berne

Series VIII. Control:

Philip II Staters

Rev. below, and serpent; in exergue, grain

165. Obv. of 157. *Istanbul, 8.53↑

166. Obv. of 158. Rev. of 165. *ANS = Hirsch 18, May 27, 1907, 2329, 8.59↓

167. Rev. of 165. *Berlin ; SNGBerry 97, 8.59←; Kishinev (Lergu)

Rev. below, and ; in exergue, grain

168. *Munich; ANS, 8.39↑; Kishinev (Lergu)

169. *London ; Münz. u. Med. 37, Dec. 5, 1968, 177, 8.58

Drachms

Rev. to 1., ; below stool,

170. *ANS (Sinan), 4.31↑; Yale (Bab), YCS 14, 2

Series IX. Control: or

Philip II Staters

Rev. below, and

171. Obv. of 169. *London

172. *Berlin

Staters

Rev. ΦIΛIΠΠOY to 1., above

173. Rev. *Glendining, July 9, 1963, 1

174. *Syracuse (Morgantina 1966)

175a. Rev. of 174. *Schlessinger 13, Feb. 4, 1935, 743 (Anadol), Pridik 9, 8.50; Florence; Hess-Leu 22, Apr. 4, 1963, 52, 8.58

b. Florange, June 14, 1923, 5, 8.50

176a. Münz. u. Med. 41, June 18, 1970, 90, 8.59; Vinchon, Oct. 26, 1964, 4 = Platt FPL, Coll. C (n. d.), 11 = Naville 12, Oct. 18, 1926 (Bisson), 1173, 8.58

b. ANS = Dupriez, Nov. 4, 1912, 1352, 8.59↓; Platt FPL, Coll. H. H. (n. d.), 28

c. Rev. . *ANS = Egger 45, Nov. 12, 1913, 491 = Hirsch 32, Nov. 14, 1912, 462, 8.60↖; Paris

177. *Kishinev (Lergu ); Münz. u. Med. FPL 85, Sept. 1949, 63

178a. Rev. of 177. *Leningrad

b. De Luynes 1681, 8.00

c. SNGBerry 148, 8.59↗; Glendining, Feb. 12, 1958, 1380, 8.50

179a. Rev. of 178c. *Helbing, Oct. 24, 1927, 2854, 8.60

b. Rev. . Münz. u. Med. FPL 235, Aug. 1963, 8, 8.53

180. *London

181. Obv. griffin on helmet

a. Rev. of 179b. *Ciani-Vinchon, May 6, 1955, 206 = Ciani, Apr. 7, 1930, 29, 8.44

b. J. Schulman, Nov. 19, 1968, 88 = J. Schulman, June 8, 1966, 1149

c. Naville 13, June 27, 1928, 532, 8.54

182a. *SNGDelepierre 971 = Ratto, Apr. 4, 1927, 703 = Ratto FPL, Dec. 1922, 1990 = Naville 1, Apr. 4, 1921 (Pozzi), 946, 8.53

b. Rev. ; below wing, . Naville 6, Jan. 28, 1924 (Bement), 772

c. Rev. ; below wing, . Canessa, June 28, 1923, 56, 8.52; Sofia (Malko Topolovo )

183. Obv. griffin on helmet

a. Rev. of 182a. *Paris

b. Rev. of 181c. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

c. Rev. below wing, . Cahn 66, May 6, 1930, 194 = Ratto, Feb. 8, 1928, 308, 8.59

Rev. to 1., ; below wing,

d. Rev. . *Leningrad; Saroglos Coll.

184a. Rev. of 183d. *London

b. G. Hirsch, May 28, 1962, 84

185. Rev. of 184b. *Münz. u. Med. FPL 247, Sept. 1964, 7 (Asia Minor 1964), 8.59

186. Rev. of 184b. *London

187. *Istanbul, 8.50

188. Rev. of 187. *ANS (Mărăşeşti), Poenaru Bordea 22, 8.53↓; commerce (N. Greece), 8.53

189. *Dewing Coll., 8.50

190. *Yakountchikoff Coll., 8.57

191. *Commerce (Feuardent)

Rev. ΦIΛIΠΠOY; to 1., above above

192. *ANS, 8.55↖; Hunter , p.332, 4, 8.54; Santamaria, Jan. 24, 1938, 149, 8.50

Rev. to 1., below wing,

193. *ANS, 8.51↓

194a. Rev. of 193. *Gotha; Leningrad

b. * Hunter 22, 8.55

195a. Rev. of 194b. *Leningrad; Bucharest cast (Mărăşeşti), Poenaru Bordea 23, 8.54↖

b. Commerce (N. Greece), 8.59

196. Rev. of 195b. *Leningrad (Anadol), Pridik 229

197a. London ; Münz. u. Med. 7, Dec. 3, 1948, 433, 8.54

b. Leningrad; commerce 1921 (Mărăşeşti), Poenaru Bordea 24; commerce (N. Greece), 8.62

198. *Istanbul, 8.53↓

199. *ANS, 8.40→; Leningrad; Cahn 75, May 30, 1932, 281, 8.58

Rev. to 1.,

200. *Commerce 1921 (Mărăşeşti), Poenaru Bordea 25, 8.45↑

201. *Paris

202. Rev. . *Schlessinger 13, Feb. 4, 1935, 660 (Anadol), Pridik 228, 8.50

203. Rev. * L. Naville Coll.

Drachms

Rev. (ΦIΛIΠΠOY; to 1., below stool,

204a. Rev. to l., above . SNGFitz 2284, 4.18←

b. *Hersh Coll., 4.18→

205.a. Rev. to 1., above . ANS, 4.15→; J. N. Svoronos, “Sylloge Elenes N. Mavrogordatou” JIAN 1911, 322, 4.22

b. *ANS (Sinan), 4.29↙

c. ANS, 4.19↑

d. Stockholm, 4.22↑

206a. Rev. of 205a. ANS, 4.19→

b. ANS (Sinan), 4.28→

c. *ANS (Sinan) = Weber 2158, 4.20←; Oxford

207a. Rev. of 206c. ANS (Larissa ), 4.23→

b. *ANS (Sinan), 4.30←

c. Turin, 3.93←

208. Rev. ANS, 4.13↑

209a. Rev. ANS (Sinan), 4.29↑

b. Bettermann Coll.

210. Rev. of 209b. ANS, 4.14←

211. Rev. . *ANS (Larissa ), 3.90←

212a. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.09↑

b. Oberlin, 3.94

213. Yale (Bab)

214. Yale (Bab), YCS 14, 3b

215a. Rev. . *ANS, 4.27↓

b. Rev. . ANS (Cavalla ), 4.26↓

216. ANS, 3.95←

217. Rev. . *ANS, 4.14→

218. Rev. of 217. *ANS (Armenak), 4.23↑

219. Rev. . ANS, 3.89→

220. Rev. . ANS, 4.14↓

221. Yale (Bab)

222.a. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.14↓

b. ANS, 4.13↑

223.a. Rev. . ANS (Larissa ), 4.12↓

Rev. to 1., ; below stool,

b. Rev. . *SNGFitz 2240, 4.26←

224. *ANS (Sinan), 4.26←

225a. *ANS (Armenak), 4.10↑

b. ANS (Larissa ), 4.22→

226. Rev. . ANS, 4.19→

227. ANS (Armenak), 4.15←; Yale (Bab), YCS 14, 3a

228a. Leningrad

b. Rev. . Cahn 84, Nov. 29, 1933, 256 (misnumbered on plate), 4.13

229. Yale (Bab)

230. ANS (Larissa ), 4.15←

231. Rev. *ANS (Armenak), 4.11↑

232. Rev. *ANS, 4.06↓

233. Rev. of 232. *ANS, 4.10→

234.a. ANS (Larissa), 4.17↖; commerce (Asia Minor 1961), 4.27→

b.*Hersh Coll., 4.18↓

235. ANS (Larissa ), 4.20↑

236. Rev. *ANS, 4.25↓

237.a. *SNGFitz 2241, 4.13→

b. Rome, Museo Nazionale delle Terme; Athens (Corinth 1938), ANSMN 10, 166, 4.05

238. ANS, 4.01↑

239. *Schlessinger 13, Feb. 4, 1935, 726, 4.20

240. ANS (Armenak), 4.28→

241. *ANS (Armenak), 4.22←

242a. ANS, 4.18←

b. *SNGBerry 218, 4.19↓

243. Obv. possibly 242 recut. Rev. of 242b. Athens

244. Rev. of 242b. *ANS, 4.08→

245a. ANS, 4.07↓

b. ANS, 4.23↓; ANS (ctmk: head and ), 4.10←

246a. Rev. of 245b. ANS, 4.16←

b. *SNGBerry 217, 4.21↙

Rev. to 1., ; below stool,

247.a. *ANS, 4.25←

b. Dresden, 4.23

248. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.19→

249a. ANS (Armenak), 4.17→

b. ANS, 4.11←

250. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.23↑

251. Leningrad

252. *Hersh Coll., 4.20↑

253. *ANS (Armenak), 4.26→; ANS (Armenak), 4.23↑

254. *ANS, 4.25←

255.a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.32→

b. ANS, 3.98↑

c. Von Post Coll., 4.04→

256.a. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.33↑

b. ANS (Larissa ), 4.20↑

257. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.18→

258. Rev. of 257. *ANS (Armenak), 4.23←

259. The Hague; ANS, 419→

260. Rev. . *ANS (Larissa ), 4.13↑

261.a. Morgan Coll.

b. Rev. *Hersh Coll., 4.24↑

Rev. to 1., below stool, Artemis5

262. Obv. of 261. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

263. Rev. of 262. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961); ANS, 4.10↑

264. ANS (Larissa ), 4.19↓

265. Rev. of 264. ANS (Armenak), 4.20t

266. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961), 4.36↑

267. *Von Post Coll., 4.26↓

268. ANS, 4.19↗

269a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.34↑; ANS, 4.16↑

b. ANS, 4.26→

c. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.23↑

d. ANS, 4.10→; ANS (Mesopotamia, ante 1920), 4.09→

e. Yale (Bab), YCS 14, 4

Rev. to 1., below stool, Pegasus forepart

270. *Munich

271.a. Rev. of 270. ANS (Armenak), 4.19↑

b. Rev. to 1., Pegasus forepart; below, . *Berlin

Rev. to 1.,

272. *ANS, 4.17↓

273. *ANS, 4.15↖

Rev. to 1., below stool, AI

274. Obv. of 273

a. ANS, 3.87↓

b. *ANS, 4.01↑; ANS, 4.11←

275. Obv. of 272. *ANS, 4.23↑; ANS (ctmk: prow and ΠY), 4.12

276a. *Yale (Bab), YCS 14, 5

Rev. to 1., above Δ; below stool, AI

b.*ANS, 4.28↖

277. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.18↑

278a. Rev. of 277. ANS, 3.91←

b. ANS (Armenak), 4.31↑; Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961), 4.25↑

279. ANS (Larissa ), 4.21↑

280a. Rev. of 279. Athens

b. Gotha

c. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.16↑; ANS, 4.24↑

d. Leningrad

281.a. Rev. of 280d. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.18↓

b. *ANS (Armenak), 4.29↑

282. Athens (Corinth 1938), ANSMN 10, 167, 4.30

For a few years after Lampsacus began to strike for Alexander , production was on a small scale. There is no gold coinage and surviving tetradrachms and drachms are rare. Die linkage and stylistic homogeneity relate the varieties of large silver: the simple caduceus with or without a secondary control, the elaborate caduceus with Ꜹ, and the club with or without K below the stool. Obverses of the caduceus issue show a three-tier arrangement of the lion’s mane with the inner and central rows in higher relief than the other tier. The die of the club issue separates the mane from the skin along a sharp vertical line. Locks are now disposed in two tiers but still on two distinct planes. The Zeus of the early tetradrachms sits stiffly upright on a stool with rung, his legs either close together or slightly spread and his feet on a footstool shown in perspective.

Drachms of very similar style are associated with the tetradrachms of Series I and II while drachms alone comprise Series III and IV. The club and sword strikings of Series II and III share an obverse die. There is no die linkage to establish the position of the Series IV star issue but it clearly belongs at the end of this early sequence.

Two varieties of bronzes can be connected with the Lampsacene silver of early date. The first has AΛEΞANΔPOY between a club and a bow in case with a small epsilon below the type. The second issue reverses the position of the elements of the type and BAΣI is inscribed between them with a star and delta in the lower field. The star is probably to be linked with the control of Series IV but the letters have no parallel on the silver. Attribution to Lampsacus rests on the style of the obverses. Bronze 15 is close to drachm 4 in profile and in the marked difference in relief of the sections of the lion’s mane. Other dies are similar to the silver dies of the early period and also to early dies of Series V. Especially striking is the comparision between bronzes 20-21 and drachms 59-62 of the issue. So close are profiles and treatment of the mane that all six dies might be the work of a single hand. These connections between bronze and silver, extending over a number of series, suggest a more or less steady output of bronze of Alexander type during the early years of minting at Lampsacus. The quantity involved may have been small, and there is no evidence that production continued after Alexander’s death.

With Series V we come to the first major issue of the mint, a very substantial coinage of staters, tetradrachms, and drachms under the control .6 On the initial reverses of the larger silver the monogram is missing; obverse 25 links reverses with and without . Obverses 22 and 26 are in the direct tradition of the club tetradrachm: the vertical alignment of the inner locks of the mane and the double outline of the lower part of the lion’s jaw. With 23 a new obverse style appears, to continue in 24-25 and 27-30. Heads are larger, the knotted paws below Heracles’ chin more prominent, and the inner locks of the mane follow the line of the lion’s jaw. Obverses 31-33 have still larger heads and a bolder treatment of details. With 34-40 Heracles’ features are less gross and emphasis is placed on the rendering of the lion’s skin which is drawn in tight folds over Heracles’ neck. The final tetradrachm dies, 41-42, show some resemblance in portraiture to the preceding dies but manes are now depicted as heavy intertwining locks, the area of skin in front of the mane is greatly reduced, and the knotted paws are very attenuated.

Reverses, too, show considerable variation. In the beginning the style differs little from that of the club tetradrachm but with Series V, 30, and especially 31-33 a distinctive representation appears: a slightly larger head with long pointed beard is joined to a heavy body, legs wide apart under stiff folds of drapery. This peculiar style of a spread-lap Zeus is found at Abydus and seems to have been copied for a few dies at Sardes; it is otherwise unparalleled in the Alexandrine coinage. Subsequent versions show the god in better proportion and in more graceful pose. Legs are spread, the right foot higher than the left on the slanting footstool, but the exaggerated lap has disappeared and the folds of the drapery are softer and more natural. The pattern of the tetradrachms is repeated in large measure throughout the drachm issues.

On Series V gold coinage the goddess of the silver is replaced by addorsed horse foreparts. Early dies are of good style with Athena’s hair twisted into corkscrew curls, reminiscent of the initial output of other mints. Subsequent dies show loose locks and finally tumbled masses of hair which combine with fluttering crest terminals to convey an impression of agitation. The Nikes of 85-94 are slender and well proportioned by comparison with the heavy and rather clumsy representations on later dies. Lettering, at first small and neat, becomes larger and often poorly cut. At the end of the sequence, 108 is crude and possibly an imitation. Fractional gold is to be associated with the early staters, 83 being similar to 91.

Series VI with is another large emission, comparable in size to the preceding issue to judge by the number of surviving specimens. Series VI output is limited to Philip II staters and Alexander drachms. On the gold the head of Hera is used as a secondary control. This is the standard Chalcis type: head facing and forehead bound with a broad diadem above which there is a row of discs. Later a serpent replaces the head. Reverse 120, with both head and a tiny serpent at bottom right, would seem to be a transitional issue, combining the two secondary controls. Within the Philip II sequence the Apollo heads are notably similar; it is the reverses that display stylistic variation. The early horses have thin stiff rear legs, close together, and forelegs arranged in a fan pattern. Rear legs become heavier and separated while the forelegs are shown in agitated motion.

In the beginning the drachm issues are controlled by alone. Later a serpent is added as a secondary control; the Hera head does not appear. Stylistically the small silver resembles that of the emissions.

After two large strikings the mint curtails production. Gold is still limited to Philip II staters and there are a few drachms. In Series VII the serpent is the only control. Series VIII with adds a grain ear as a supplementary control in the exergue of the gold as well as a third control to lower right: a serpent on 165-67 and on 168-69. The also appears on the single recorded drachm die and carries over to the emission.

That the sequence thus far is correct is attested by the pattern of die linkage and the repetition of secondary controls.

	serpent
	, serpent, grain
, head	, , grain
, serpent	,

Series IX with or is another very large striking with more dies recorded for staters and drachms than elsewhere in the coinage to date. There is also greater diversity in secondary controls.

A few Philip II staters are produced and then replaced by the standard Alexandrine type in the name of either Philip III or the young Alexander . Apparently Arrhidaeus now felt sufficiently secure in the joint regency to sign his own money. Throughout the gold coinage there is no straightforward stylistic development of the obverse heads. Athenas with tight corkscrew curls and Athenas with loose straggly locks exist side by side within the same secondary control, attesting more than one engraver at work. Reverses are more consistent. On almost all dies Nike is now advancing to the left, draperies aflutter.

The control for this issue, and its mirror image is a curious device. It reminded Newell of the buckle for a sword belt () but it may be nothing more than a decorative motif.

Series X. Control: Kl

Staters

Rev. to 1., Kl; below wing, ⊙

283. *Vienna

Rev. to 1., Kl; below wing,

284. *London

285. *ANS = Hirsch 33, Nov. 17, 1913, 648, 8.47↓; Athens ; commerce 1949

286. *ANS, 8.59↓; Saroglos Coll.

Rev. to 1., KI; below wing, M

287. *ANS (Mărăşeşti), Poenaru Bordea 23, 8.48←

Tetradrachms

Rev. to 1., KI; below stool, ⊙

288. *ANS, 16.93↑

Rev. to 1., KI; below stool,

289.a. *ANS, 16.88→

b. ANS, 16.84→

Rev. to 1., Kl; below stool,

290. *Berlin ; Hersh Coll., 16.61↑

291. Rev. of 290. *London

Rev. to 1., Kl; below stool, M

292. *London

Rev. to 1., KI; below stool,

293. Obv. of 292. *Vienna; London

Drachms

Rev. to 1., KI; below stool, ⊙

294. *ANS, 3.55←

Rev. to 1., KI; below stool,

295. ANS (Armenak), 4.20↑; ANS (Cavalla ), 4.13↑; Dewing Coll.

296a. Rev. of 295. *ANS (Armenak), 4.19←

b. ANS (Larissa ), 4.24↑

297. *London

298. Rev. of 297. *Munich

Rev. to 1., KI; below stool,

299. Obv. of 298

a. *ANS, 4.28↑

b. Yale (Bab)

c. ANS, 4.04←

300.a. Rev. of 299c. SNGFitz 2217, 3.84↘

b. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961), 4.17→

301. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.06←

302. Yale (Bab), YCS 14, 7b

303. Yale (Bab)

304. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.23→; ANS (Larissa ), 4.07↓

305. ANS, 4.25→

306.a. Rev. of 305. Dewing Coll.

b. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.16↓

307. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.17←; Hersh Coll., 4.20↖

308. *ANS, 4.22↑

309.a. Rev. of 308. ANS (Larissa ), 4.12↖

b. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.24↖; ANS (Larissa ), 4.12↓

310. Naville 6, Jan. 28, 1924 (Bement), 765, 4.25

311a. *ANS, 4.16↓

b. ANS, 4.28↓

312a. *Zygman Coll.

b. Turin, 4.04→

Rev. to 1., KI; below stool, M

313. The Hague

314a. Rev. of 313. ANS (Armenak), 4.27↓

b. *ANS (Armenak), 4.26↓

315a. Rev. of 314b. *ANS, 4.17↗

b. ANS (Cavalla ), 3.92↑

316. *ANS (Armenak), 4.14→

317. Rev. of 316. *ANS (Epidaurus)

318. *U.S. Mint

Rev. to 1., KI; below stool,

319. Obv. of 318. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.10→; Mass. Hist. Soc.

320. Obv. of 317.

a. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.26↑

b. ANS (Larissa ), 4.08→

321. Obv. of 315. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.16←

322. Obv. of 312

a. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.15↓; ANS (Cavalla ), 4.28↑

b. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.21↑

c. Helbing, Dec. 9, 1932, 587 = Helbing, Jan. 31, 1930, 203, 3.90

323a. *ANS (Armenak), 4.21→

b. ANS, 4.07→

c. Johnston Coll.; Ratto, Apr. 4, 1927, 689, 4.20

324. Rev. of 323c. ANS, 3.95↓

325.a. *ANS, 4.25↓; ANS (Larissa ), 4.09↓

b. Leningrad

c. Commerce 1970

326. Rev. of 325c. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.30↓

327a. Dewing Coll.

b. ANS (Cavalla ), 3.82↑

c. *ANS (Armenak), 4.28←

328.a. Rev. of 327c. ANS, 3.45←; Yale (Bab), YCS 14, 7a

b. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.26←

329a. *ANS, 4.27←

b. ANS, 4.32←

330a. *ANS, 4.16↓

b. Turin, 4.17

331. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.03↓; ANS, 4.18↓

332. *ANS (Armenak), 4.24←

333. ANS, 3.88↑

334.a. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.23↑

b. ANS, 4.05→

335. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.11←

336. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.06←; ANS (Armenak), 4.22↑

337. *ANS, 4.14↓

338. Bettermann Coll.

339. Paris

340. ANS, 3.92↓

341.a. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.22→

b. Storrs Coll.

342.a. Rev. of 341a. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.23↑

b. Rev. of 341b. Berry Coll., 4.24

343. *Yale (Bab); commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

344. Yale (Bab)

345. *ANS, 4.18↑

346. ANS (Larissa ), 4.17↓

347. *ANS, 4.05↑

348. Oxford

349. ANS, 4.28←

350.a. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961), 4.23→

b. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.16→

351. ANS (Larissa ), 3.90→

352. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

353. Turin, 4.14→

354.a. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.14←

b. ANS (Armenak), 4.01↑

355. ANS, 4.06→

356.a. *ANS (Armenak), 4.01↓

b. ANS (Armenak), 4.25↑

357. *McClean 3495, 4.22↙

Rev. to 1., KI; below stool,

358.a. *ANS (Armenak), 4.11↓

b. London

Rev. to 1., KI; below stool,

359. *Athens

Series XI. Control:

Drachms

Rev. to 1., ; below stool,

360. *ANS (Armenak), 4.19→

361. *London ; Turin, 3.95↘; Leningrad

Rev. to 1., ; below stool,

362. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.27←

363a. *Hersh Coll., 4.22↓

b. Athens

364.a. Rev. of 363a. ANS, 4.13→

b. Rev. of 363b. Milan

Series XII. Control:

Drachms

Rev. to 1., ; below stool,

365. *London ; ANS, 3.80→

Rev. to 1., ; below stool,

366a. ANS, 4.26↑; Yale (Bab), YCS 14, 8

b. ANS, 4.03↓; ANS, 4.19↓

367. *ANS, 4.26←

Rev. to 1., ; below stool,

368. *SNGBerry 222, 4.25←

369. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.09↑

370. Obv. H. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.11↑

Rev. to 1., , below stool, ⊙

371. Obv. of 370. *London

372a. *Hersh Coll., 4.22↑

b. ANS (Armenak), 4.07←

373. *ANS (Armenak), 4.21→

374.a. Rev. of 373. *Leningrad; ANS, 4.08←

b. ANS, 4.24←

c. Turin, 4.13↑

375. *ANS, 4.19↑

Series XIII. Control: AMPHORA

Staters

Rev. to 1., below wing, amphora

376. *ANS, 8.52↑; London

Rev. to 1., H; below wing, amphora

377. *Leningrad

Drachms

Rev. to 1., amphora; below stool,

378. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.12→

379.a. Rev. of 378. ANS (Mesopotamia ante 1920), 4.01↓

b.*ANS, 4.15↑

380. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

381.a. Rev. of 380. *ANS, 4.24→

b. ANS, 4.22←

382. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.05←

383a. Rev. of 382. ANS, 4.22↑

b. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.18→

384. ANS, 4.21↓

385a. ANS, 4.21↓

b. ANS, 4.16↑

386. ANS (Larissa ), 4.21↑

387. ANS (Armenak), 4.09→

388. Athens (Corinth 1938), ANSMN 10, 165, 4.08

389. *SNGBerry 223, 4.25↓

390.a. Rev. of 389. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.20↑

b. ANS, 4.21↓

c. Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961), 4.33↓

391.a. *ANS, 4.31→

b. ANS, 4.21↓

392a. ANS, 4.19↑

b. ANS, 3.99↑; ANS, 4.16←

c. Kricheldorf, May 28, 1956, 991, 4.20

393. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.25↓; ANS (Armenak), 4.06↓

Rev. to 1., amphora; below stool, H

394. Obv. of 393. *ANS, 4.37←

395a. *Hersh Coll., 4.18↑; Athens

b. ANS (Larissa ), 4.13→; London

c. London

Rev. to 1., amphora; below stool, ⊙

396a. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961), 4.20→

b. ANS, 4.03t

397.a. Rev. of 396a. ANS, 4.21↑

b. Rev. of 396b. Yale (Bab), YCS 14, 9b

c. Athens

398. Yale

Rev. to 1., amphora; below stool, I

399. *ANS, 3.72↑

Series XIV. Control: MOUSE

Staters

Rev. to 1., above Mouse

400. *The Hague↓; Münz. u. Med. FPL 227, Nov. 1962, 436, 8.53

Drachms

Rev. to 1., Mouse above

401. ANS (Armenak), 3.91↓

402.a. Rev. of 401. ANS, 3.85 (pierced)↓

b. *ANS (Armenak), 4.17↓

Rev. to 1., Mouse; below stool, ⊙

403. Obv. of 402. *ANS, 4.12↓; ANS, 4.18←

Rev. to 1., Mouse; below stool,

404. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.25↑

Rev. to 1., Mouse above

405. . of 404. *ANS (Armenak), 4.26→

406. Rev. of 405. ANS, 4.19→

407. Rev. of 405. *ANS (Armenak), 4.21←; Athens ; The Hague

Rev. to 1., Mouse; below stool,

408. *ANS, 4.24→

409. *Stockholm, 4.06↓; ANS (Cavalla), 4.20←

410. Yale (Bab), YCS 14, 10a

411.a. ANS (Armenak), 4.23↑

b. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.27→

c. Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961), 4.21←

412a. Rev. . *Paris

b. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.22↑

413. *ANS (Armenak), 4.23→; ANS, 4.27→

414. Malter [?23, post Mar. 1,] 1969, 44, 4.20

415. ANS, 3.89↖

Rev. to 1., Mouse; below stool,

416. ANS, 4.15→; Athens

Series XV. Control: HERM

Drachm

Rev. to 1., Herm

417. *ANS, 4.16←

Series XVI. Control: MOUSE

Drachms

Rev. to 1., Mouse

418. Obv. of 416. *ANS (Armenak), 4.20←; Giesecke Coll., 4.32

419. Obv. of 417

a. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.13→; ANS (Mosul), 4.10←

b. *ANS, 4.19↑

420. Rev. of 419b. ANS, 4.05→

421.a. ANS, 4.22↑

b. SNGDavis 150, 4.12↙

422. ANS (Armenak), 4.17↓

423. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.21↑

424. ANS, 4.23↙

425. ANS, 4.40↓

426.a. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.21→; ANS, 3.99→

b. ANS (Cavalla ), 3.66←; London

c. Athens

427. Hersh Coll., 4.25→

428. *ANS (Armenak), 4.15→

Series XVII. Control: BIRD ON BRANCH

Drachms

Rev. to 1., Bird on Branch

429. Obv. of 428 recut. *Haughton Coll, ex Storrs, 4.05↑; ANS, 4.02↑

Series XVIII. Control: FOREPART OF PEGASUS

Staters

Rev. to 1., forepart of Pegasus; below wing, Artemis

430. *SNGBerry 149, 8.56→

431.a. Rev. of 430. *London

b.*ANS, 8.51←

Rev. to 1., forepart of Pegasus; below wing, AI

432. *Leningrad

433. Rev. probably die of 432. *M. Ratto FPL 1939, 23

434. *ANS = Weber 2076, 8.53↗; SNGCop 631, 8.52↓; Schlessinger 13, Feb. 4, 1935, 659, 8.50

435a. *London ; The Hague; ANS, 8.50←; Richmond Mus., 8.60↖

b. Berlin

Rev. to 1., forepart of Pegasus; below wing,

436. *ANS, 8.51↓

Rev. to 1., forepart of Pegasus; below wing,

437. *London ; Bucharest cast (Mărăşeşti), Poenaru Bordea 26

438. Rev. of 437. *Leningrad (Anadol), Pridik 250

439. *ANS, 8.53↑

440. Rev. of 439. *Dewing Coll., 8.55; Rome, Museo Nazionale delle Terme

Drachms

Rev. to 1., forepart of Pegasus; below stool, Artemis

441. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.21→; ANS, 4.27←

442. *ANS (Armenak), 4.25←

443.a. *ANS, 4.21→; Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961), 4.24→

b. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.18↓; ANS (Larissa ), 4.12↖

c. ANS (Armenak), 4.13↑

444. ANS, 3.92↓

445.a. *ANS, 3.92↓

b. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961), 4.23↓; Athens (Corinth 1938), ANSMN 10, 169, 4.10

446. Rev. of 445b. *SNGBerry 219, 4.18←

447. Turin, 4.05↑

448. *ANS (Armenak), 4.22←; ANS (Larissa ), 4.27→

449. *ANS (Armenak), 4.18↓

450. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961); ANS, 4.08↗

451. Rev. of 450. *ANS (Armenak), 4.26←

452. *Braun Coll.

453. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961), 4.38↓

454. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961), 4.12←; Haughton Coll., 4.01↓

455. *McClean 3491, 4.23

Rev. to 1., forepart of Pegasus; below stool, AI

456. Obv. of 454. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.24↗

457. Obv. of 455. *ANS, 4.22↓; ANS (Larissa ), 4.22↓

458a. Rev. of 457. McClean 3489, 4.13→

b. ANS (Larissa ), 4.09↑

459.a. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.03↑

b. ANS (Larissa ), 4.11→; commerce ante 1940

460a. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.21↑

b. H. Christensen, July 9, 1965, 31, 3.67

c. Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961), 4.30→

d. ANS (Larissa ), 4.09↓

461. Rev. of 460d. Yale (Bab), YCS 14, 6b

462. *ANS, 4.06↓; commerce ante 1940

463. ANS, 4.02↑

464. ANS, 4.21↑

465. Rev. of 464. *Yale (Bab)

466. *Leningrad

467. *ANS (Armenak), 4.55 [sic]→

468. *Gotha

469.a. *ANS, 4.19↑; Athens (Corinth 1938), ANSMN 10, 168, 4.07

b. ANS (Larissa ), 4.14↖

470. ANS (Larissa ), 4.22↑; ANS (Mosul), 4.06↑; Athens

471. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.14←; Commerce ante 1940

472. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.14→

473. *SNGBerry 220, 4.19←

474. *ANS (Armenak), 4.20↑

475.a. Rev. of 474. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961), 4.18→

b. Yale (Bab)

476. *ANS, 4.16↓

Rev. to 1., forepart of Pegasus; below stool, A^

477.a. *ANS, 4.36↖; Yale (Bab), YCS 14, 6d

b. ANS (Larissa ), 4.08↗

c. Leningrad; Univ. of Chicago

478. *ANS, 4.23→

479. Rev. of 478. ANS, 3.97←

480. Rev. of 478. *ANS (Armenak), 4.31←

481. *ANS, 4.02→; Petsalis Coll.

482. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.14→

483.a. Rev. of 482. *Hersh Coll., 4.18→; ANS (Armenak), 4.22→

b. Commerce ca. 1970

Rev. to 1., forepart of Pegasus; below stool,

484. *Leningrad

485. Obv. of 481

a. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

b. *ANS (Armenak), 4.24↑; ANS (Armenak), 4.14↑

486. Obv. of 480

a. Rev. of 485b. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961), 4.30↓

b. ANS, 3.57↓; Yale (Bab), YCS 14, 6c

487. *Leningrad

488. Rev. of 487. *SNGBerry 221, 4.29↓

489. *ANS, 3.66↓

Rev. to 1., forepart of Pegasus; below stool,

490. Obv. of 487. *ANS, 4.22↓; ANS, 4.19↓

491. Obv. of 488

a. Rev. of 490. *London ; Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961), 4.30↓

b. Athens

492.a. Rev. of 491b. *ANS (Armenak), 4.17→

b. Turin, 4.23←

493.a. Rev. of 491b. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

b. Rev. of 492b. Münz. u. Med. FPL 336, July 1972, 11), 4.28

Rev. to 1., forepart of Pegasus; below stool, Å

494. Leningrad

495. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961), 4.28↓

496. Rev. of 495. *ANS, 4.15↓

Rev. to 1., forepart of Pegasus; below stool, M

497.a. *ANS, 4.30→

b. ANS, 4.11↖

Rev. to 1., forepart of Pegasus; below stool,

498. Obv. of 497

a. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961), 4.22↗; Yale (Bab), YCS 14, 6e

b. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

499. Obv. of 496

a. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.15↖; Leningrad

b. ANS, 4.03→

500. Obv. of 488. *ANS (Mosul), 4.19→

501. Obv. of 482. Rev. of 500. *ANS, 4.20←

502. Obv. of 489. *ANS, 4.30↓; ANS, 4.20↓

503. Obv. of 483. *ANS, 4.11→

504. Obv. of 480. *ANS (Mesopotamia ante 1920), 3.72←

505a. ANS, 4.21←

b. Turin, 4.10↑

506. Rev. of 505b. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961); commerce (Asia Minor 1961); Yale (Bab)

507. Obv. of 476

a. Rev. of 505b. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961); ANS, 4.25↓

b. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

c. ANS, 4.10←

d. Leningrad

508.a. Rev. 507d. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961), 4.28←

b. SNGFitz 2215, 4.07↑

509.a. Rev. of 507d. ANS, 4.07→

b. ANS, 4.26↑

c. Yale (Bab)

510.a. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.23↑

b. ANS, 3.98↓

511. ANS, 4.20←

512. ANS, 4.20↓

513.a. *ANS, 4.23↑; Stockholm, 4.04←

b. ANS, 4.08↓

514. ANS, 4.27←

515.a. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961); Yale (Bab)

b. ANS (Olympia), 4.11↓

516. *ANS (Armenak), 4.25↓

517. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.20←

518. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.20↑; ANS, 3.99↓

519. *Zygman Coll.

520. ANS, 4.19↓

521.a. Rev. of 520. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

b. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

522. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

523. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961); commerce ante 1940

524. ANS (Larissa ), 4.20→

525. Rev. of 524. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.15←

526. ANS, 4.23↑

527. ANS, 4.16

528.a. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.19←

b. ANS (Larissa ), 4.20→

529. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.16←

530. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.21↓

531. Rev. of 530. SNGFitz 2216, 4.18↘

532. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.14→

533. *ANS, 4.14↑

Rev. to 1. forepart of Pegasus; below stool, torch

534. *Hersh Coll., 3.94

LYSIMACHUS

Drachms

Rev. to 1., dolphin and lion forepart; below stool,

A. Obv. of 533. *Berlin

B. *Vienna, 4.18

Rev. to 1., dolphin and lion forepart; below stool,

C. *Munich

D. Rev. of C. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.19↑

Rev. to 1., Pegasus and lion foreparts; below stool,

E. *ANS (Armenak), 4.19←

F. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.22→

Rev. to 1., Pegasus and lion foreparts;7 below stool,

G. Obv. of F. *Yale (Bab), YCS 14, 13

H. *Athens (Corinth 1938), ANSMN 10, 170, 4.02

Rev. BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΛYΣIMAXOY

Rev. to 1., dolphin and lion forepart; below stool, torch

I. *Munich

J. *ANS, 4.00↗

Rev. to 1., and lion forepart; below stool, torch

K. Obv. of J. *Yale (Bab)

Rev. to 1., / and lion forepart; below stool, torch

L. Obv. of J. *SNGBerry 427, 4.32↘

Rev. to 1., and lion forepart; below stool, torch

M. *ANS, 4.21→

Rev. to 1., Pegasus and lion foreparts; below stool, torch

N. *ANS, 4.24↗

O. *Yale (Bab)

P. *Yale (Bab)

Q. *Naville 1, Apr. 4, 1921 (Pozzi), 1162

R. *Naville 1, Apr. 4, 1921 (Pozzi), 1163

Staters

Rev. to 1., and lion forepart; below wing, torch

S. *ANS, 8.48←

Rev. to 1., Pegasus and lion foreparts; below wing, torch

T. *London

With Series X bearing control Kl, tetradrachms reappear after a long absence to supplement a modest output of staters and an abundant emission of drachms. There are new secondary controls: ⊙, , M or , , and . The last two quickly disappear but ⊙ and or variations of it recur in succeeding issues. On a few drachms of the Kl issue and which follows there is a revival of the spread-lap Zeus of the early coinage.8

In the absence of die linkage there can be no absolute certainty that the sequence of Series X-XIII is correct. Kl and are the only issues with the spread-lap Zeus and they alone use as a secondary control. Then, too, it might be assumed that the two small emissions (Series XI and XII) rather than the somewhat larger amphora striking would follow the very substantial Kl coinage.

For the next issues there is die linkage, establishing the following pattern. There seem to have been two emissions with Mouse in control. The first consisted of a few staters and a modest output of drachms, all with secondary controls. After it ended, Herm was in charge of the new issue but for some reason his tenure was short-lived and Mouse was called back into service.9 The obverse die of Herm and one from Mouse’s earlier emission were still usable and these, together with a few new dies, produced a small coinage of drachms alone. One of the new dies carried over to Bird on Branch, an issue which terminated abruptly. Production was definitely winding down; there was no need for secondary controls after the first Mouse striking.

The last pre-Lysimachus coinage at Lampsacus , Series XVIII, illustrates the crucial connection between die linkage and chronology. In his rough outline of the Lampsacene sequence, Newell placed the issue with forepart of Pegasus directly after that with Series IX, and dated it ca. 318-316. In the 1955 study of the Bab Hoard, Thompson and Bellinger gave it the same relative position but dated it ca. 310, assuming an interval without coinage between the death of Philip III and the agreement among the successors which gave Antigonus firm control of Asia Minor .

We were all wrong! The Pegasus issue immediately precedes Lysimachus’s own coinage at Lampsacus as is proved by a transferred obverse die: 533 and A of Plate 18.10

It is easy to see how we went astray. The and particularly the distinctive device of Artemis as secondary controls would seem to link the Pegasus issue with Series IX but there are counterbalancing connections. Series IX and XIV both use as a subordinate control; the of the Pegasus striking first appears on the coinage of Kl and and also serves as a secondary control on some Lysimachus drachms. The of Lysimachus may be an elaboration of the of the Pegasus issue.

In Newell's case there was an additional factor. His manuscript mentions three Pegasus coins as coming from the Sinan Pascha Hoard, which was surely buried ca. 317 B.C. This hoard did include intrusions which is not surprising in a large deposit coming in various lots at different times from a number of dealers.11 One assumes that Newell himself later realized that the Pegasus coins did not belong to this hoard for there is no coin of that issue in the ANS trays with Newell’s Sinan Pascha identification.

Now that the Pegasus issue has been re-dated, one can see that it fits much better at the end of the century than it did when it was assigned to 318-316 or even 310. There is the evidence of four late hoards. In the case of the Asia Minor 1961 Hoard both the dealer who recorded the deposit and Charles Hersh who obtained specimens from it describe the Pegasus coins as the best preserved in the Lampsacus sequence. There are also many more pieces from this emission than from any other: 24 Pegasi, for example, as contrasted with 5 from the equally large issue.

The hoards of Armenak, Cavalla , and Larissa tell much the same story. Armenak has 52 Pegasi and 31 with . Cavalla and Larissa are more evenly balanced, but in all three hoards the Pegasi coins are definitely superior in condition.12

Although somewhat outside the scope of this study, the early coinage of Lysimachus at Lampsacus is of interest with respect to mint organization. Even a partial record of the issues points to the activity of two separate workshops.

The first introduces a new control: a half dolphin is combined with the usual lion forepart. Subordinate controls are and . When the coinage is inscribed with the name of Lysimachus , this workshop continues to use the marine symbol but the strange truncated version is replaced by a whole dolphin, accompanied by the lion forepart. A long torch takes the place of monograms below the stool. Within the life of obverse J the dolphin is replaced first by and then by cut over . At the end of the sequence a drachm and a remarkable stater have the and torch combination and it is noteworthy that this marking is carried over to the initial gold and silver with Lysimachus’s own types at Lampsacus .

Meanwhile the second workshop follows a more conservative pattern. The forepart of Pegasus, F-H, invariably joins the forepart of the lion in the left field. When the coinage bears the name of Alexander , monograms are inscribed below the stool and these are die linked, with replacing on the later stage of obverse F. Throughout the sequence with the name of Lysimachus , including the gold stater, a long torch is the subordinate control.

A striking feature of the Lampsacene Lysimachi is the arrangement of the legend. On the drachms BAZIAEQZ BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΛYΣIMAXOY runs around inward from the upper right to lower left; on the staters it runs down, the title outward the name inward, to left and right of Nike.

As noted above, the and torch controls carry over from the Alexander issues of Lysimachus to his own coinage. Links with earlier Antigonid strikings are also present. The monogram is found in Series X, XI, and XVIII while is probably related to the of Series XVIII. Although is not used for Series XVIII, it is present in Series X-XIV. A unique drachm of Series XVIII, 534, combines forepart of Pegasus and torch, the dominant control of the second workshop. Both devices are closely connected with Lampsacus and it may be assumed that they are now civic symbols, indicative of the minting authority, rather than magistrates’ markings.

Lampsacus was to become Lysimachus’s major mint in Asia Minor . Its elaborate pattern of mint activity, as outlined above, indicates that this pre-eminence began immediately after Ipsus.

SYNOPSIS OF THE COINAGE
		Staters			Tetradrachms			Drachms
	No. Coins	Obv. Dies	Rev. Dies	No. Coins	Obv. Dies	Rev. Dies	No. Coins	Obv. Dies	Rev. Dies
I : Caduceus				6	3	4	1	1	1
II: Club				3	1	2	10	4	6
III: Sword							4	3	4
IV: Stara							4	2	3
V:	62b	24	39	104	21	61	60	40	51
VI:	78	18	38				50	26	45
VII: Serpent	10	6	7				10	6	8
VIII:	10	5	5				2	1	1
IX:	69	33	50				133	79	117
X: KI	8	5	5	9	6	7	108	66	95
XI:							9	5	7
XII:							19	11	15
XIII: Amphora	3	2	2				40	22	36
XIV: Mouse 1	2	1	1				26	16	20
XV: Herm							1	1	1
XVI: Mouse 2							19	11	15
XVII: Bird							2	1	1
XVIII: Pegasus	20	11	13				159	94	126
Totals c	262	105	160	122	31	74	657	389	552

End Notes

a	Seven bronzes from seven obverse and seven reverse dies form part of the early coinage.
b	Fractional gold belongs to this issue: one half stater and two quarter staters from two obverse and two reverse dies.
c	Subtracting dies transferred from one series to another reduces the total of stater obverses to 102 and of drachm obverses to 384.
2	To the best of my knowledge this unusual rendering of a caduceus is otherwise unknown in hellenistic art.
3	In Newell’s manuscript the goddess is tentatively identified as Hecate but there seems to have been no attempt to represent more than one head.
4	On a few dies, throughout, the back of a throne is indicated. For the most part the god sits on a simple stool.
5	This is Newell’s identification of the little figure.
6	An indication of the truly impressive size of some issues may be gleaned from a note in Newell’s manuscript, which reads as follows: “Enquiries made at the U.S. Mint in Philadelphia show that, with modern appliances and machinery, an average of 400,000 dimes (a silver coin of about the weight and surface area of the Alexander drachm) can be secured from a single pair of dies before the appearance of fractures or other damage. Ancient dies may have been less hard (a point which is not susceptible to proof) but, on the other hand, blanks were softer as the silver used was purer than at the present day. As in ancient times the dies were not subjected to an even pressure but were pounded with a hammer, they may for this reason have given out sooner than a modern die (especially that used for the reverse) would. Even taking this into consideration, we ought to be willing to admit that an average of some 200,000 drachms to a single obverse die would not have been an impossibility.” Reducing the total even further, to 100,000 drachms, still amounts to a very substantial quantity of coinage.
7	The Athens coin has a lion’s head instead of a forepart.
8	Cf. 314-17 and 357 with Kl and 360-61 with
9	That Mouse without monogram follows Herm is established by the shared obverse die. No. 419 is the later stage with a die break from the forehead and deterioration around the eye and over the forehead.
10	This vital link was discovered by Hyla Troxell.
11	As noted in Sardes and Miletus , p. 87, n. 83.
12	One need only compare 249a, 260, 280c, and 281b on Plate 10 with 499a, 510a, 516, 528a, 530, and 532 on Plate 17.

CHRONOLOGY

Even a glance at the synopsis shows such a variation in the size of the issues as to suggest that this is not an orderly progression of annual emissions but a coinage that may at times be the output of a single year and at others cover a longer period of time. Taking the first nine strikings as a group, Series V, VI, and IX are disproportionately large and almost certainly each extended over several years; the other issues are in all probability annual although in the case of the first four, production may have been limited to less than a full year.

Within the early sequence a firm date is provided by Series IX, the last issue to bear the name of Philip, which cannot be later than 317 when Arrhidaeus was assassinated. Three earlier series (VI-VIII) include posthumous Philip II staters. These seem clearly to be associated with the joint regency, the coinage of the father serving to bolster the position of the son.16 Allowing two years for series IX and another two for Series VI takes the coinage back to 323 when Alexander died. Series V must surely be the output of at least two years (325/4 and 324/3) and this is the time when a considerable amount of money would have been needed to reimburse the mercenaries being sent home from Asia.17 It should be noted, too, that drachms of Series V and VI in very fresh condition were included in the crucial Asia Minor 1964 Hoard, securely dated to ca. 321 B.C.

There can be less certainty with regard to the chronology of Series I-IV. Baldwin 18 terminates the autonomous gold of Lampsacus ca. 330 B.C. If it was only then that Alexander designated Lampsacus as a royal mint, the Alexandrine coinage is unlikely to have started before 329 B.C.

After the death of Philip III there is at other mints an interval without coinage. The situation at Sardes, Miletus , and Abydus is, as one would expect, paralleled at Lampsacus . No strong central authority existed to formulate fiscal policy until Antigonus succeeded in establishing his control of Asia Minor ca. 311 B.C. The following two years produced the large emission of Kl coins, with tetradrachms as well as gold and small silver. This is followed by somewhat smaller issues and then by the die linked sequence of Series XIV-XVII which would cover two years at most. Finally, there is the extensive Pegasus issue which links with Lysimachus’s coinage.

It would be interesting to know who was responsible for the Pegasus striking. In the summer of 302 Lysimachus crossed the Hellespont, landing near Lampsacus . That city threw open its gates (Diod. 20.107) but the powerful fortress of Abydus, well garrisoned by Antigonid troops, resisted. The arrival of Demetrius turned the tide. Abydus was strengthened and Lampsacus retaken before the advent of winter (Diod. 20.111). Lysimachus , therefore, could have held Lampsacus for no longer than five or six months. He may at that time have started the Pegasus coinage which continued to be struck after his forced retreat. On the other hand, it seems more likely that Lysimachus during his brief occupation of Lampsacus did not interfere with a coinage begun by Antigonus. Both men would have realized the importance of abundant financial reserves as they prepared for the impending struggle which ended at Ipsus.

As outlined above, the chronological sequence is as follows:

Series: CONTROL	DATES
I Caduceus	329/8
II Club	328/7
III Sword	327/6
IV Star	326/5
V	325/4-324/3
VI	323/2-322/1
VII Serpent	321/0
VIII	320/19
IX	319/8-318/7
X Kl	310/9-309/8
XI	308/7
XII	307/6
XIII Amphora	306/5
XIV Mouse 1	305/4-304/3
XV Herm	305/4-304/3
XVI Mouse 2	305/4-304/3
XVII Bird	305/4-304/3
XVIII Pegasus	303/2-302/1

End Notes

16	See M. Thompson, “Posthumous Philip II Staters of Asia Minor,” Studia Paulo Naster Oblata 1 (Leuven, 1982), p. 61.
17	See M. Thompson, “Paying the Mercenaries,” Studies in Honor of Leo Mildenberg (Wetteren, 1984), pp. 244-46.
18	Anges Balwdin, “Lampsakos: The Gold Staters, Silver and Bronze Coinages,” AJN 53, 3 (1924), pp. 62-65.

ABYDUS

ATTRIBUTION

The identification of Abydus as the source of the coinage which follows is less clearly defined than was the case with Lampsacus . Throughout there is no symbol which points unmistakably to Abydus, as the Pegasus forepart on a late issue identifies the Mysian mint. There are, however, links between the two coinages which strongly suggest geographical proximity. First and most significant, perhaps, are the stylistic similarities, especially noteworthy in the rendering of the ungainly spread-lap Zeus of tetradrachms from contemporary strikings. This seems to go beyond mere copying and may well mean that the same die cutter was employed, for a time at least, by the two mints.16 There are also the two dies used at Lampsacus and another city, and although one cannot rule out the possibility of transfers to a distant mint, it is surely more probable that neighboring workshops are involved. It may be pertinent, too, to note that in hoards buried to the north of Asia Minor and therefore likely to have a major representation of coinages from northern Asia Minor,17 the dominant mints are Lampsacus and the city that produced the present coinage.

It is interesting to note that the close connection between the two mints continued at a later period under Antiochus Hierax. In his study of Seleucid coinage,18 Newell publishes an obverse die used at Lampsacus and also at Abydus and mentions other obverse dies from the two cities so related in style as to have been in all probability cut by the same artist.

Newell has left no detailed explanation of his reasons for assigning the issues that follow to Abydus but among his unpublished papers is a notation to the effect that Abydus was an active autonomous mint and likely to have continued under Alexander who usually converted autonomous mints into royal ones when situated in cities of strategic importance. That Abydus was an important fortress is attested by Lysimachus’s attempt to capture it after his acquisition of Lampsacus in 302 B.C. His siege failed due to the appearance of Demetrius’s fleet with supplies and reinforcements for the strong garrison of Antigonid troops. It seems likely that one factor in the struggle to control Abydus was its importance as a productive mint.

It may at this point be appropriate to discuss briefly the symbols found on the coinages since their interpretation has at times been responsible for mistaken mint attribution. In the middle of the last century Ludwig Müller published his monumental compilation of all Alexander issues known to him.19 Many of these he assigned to specific mints on the basis of distinctive symbols. In the case of posthumous Alexanders from the third century and later his attributions were substantially correct, but in the case of earlier Alexanders his attributions were often radically revised by Edward T. Newell’s research. Newell showed that issues purportedly from different mints were in reality, on the evidence of die linkage, from the same mints.20

On the lifetime and early posthumous Alexanders there is rarely any indication of the issuing authority. This is Alexander’s money, as the legend states: the coinage is not that of the individual cities. There are exceptions: issues of Sidon, Aradus, and Ake clearly indicate their origin but it is noteworthy that the indication is consistent and not sporadic. Moving north to Asia Minor and Macedonia , one finds occasional evidence of mint or regional identification. The gold of Miletus, and originally the gold alone, has a small bipennis consistently added to the major control. On later issues, from the end of the fourth century on, the bipennis is always present. At Amphipolis there is no indication of the issuing mint or early issues, but from the time of Cassander the repeated appearance of a torch is probably a mint identification. At Lampsacus the forepart of Pegasus appears as a mint mark but only at the very end of the century, to be carried over to Lysimachus’s strikings.

The important point, with regard to the mints of Asia Minor and Macedon, is that when a distinctive mint mark appears it is usually chronologically late and always consistently used. It makes no sense to suppose that a mint would apply a civic symbol on an isolated striking and then abandon it. The Pegasus protome on the second issue at Abydus, which is linked to a long sequence bearing quite different symbols, does not place the emission at Lampsacus . At most it means that whoever was responsible for selecting the control symbols had some connection with Lampsacus which influenced his choice in this instance.21

End Notes

16	This distinctive style in its exaggerated form does not appear elsewhere. There is a somewhat similar Zeus on an occasional die from late issues at Sardes but the resemblance is not close enough to suggest anything more than one engraver influenced by the work of another.
17	Paeonia ( IGCH 400), Lergu ( IGCH 800), and N. Greece ( IGCH 801).
18	Edward T. Newell , The Coinage of the Western Seleucid Mints, ANSNS 4 (1977), pp. 326-31, Pls. 70, 11-12, and 71, 11.
19	L. Müller, Numismatique d’Alexandre le Grand (Copenhagen, 1855).
20	E. T. Newell , Reattribution of Certain Tetradrachms of Alexander the Great (New York City , 1912), p. 2, “Therefore, if two coins, with varying symbols on their reverses, have their obverses from the same die, they must necessarily be from the same mint; and not as Müller would have it, the one struck perhaps in Pella of Macedonia, and the other in Magnesia of Thessaly.”

CATALOGUE AND COMMENTARIES

Series I. Control: HERMES and

Staters

Rev. to 1., Hermes; below wing,

1. Obv. of Lampsacus 8822

a. *McClean 3405, 8.56↓; Berlin ; ANS, 8.52↓; Saroglos Coll.; Sotheby, Apr. 16, 1969, 266 (Paeonia), 8.54↓

b. *London ; SNGAshm 2706, 8.57↓

2.a Rev. below wing, . *Commerce (Asia Minor 1964); Münz. u. Med. 32, Oct. 20, 1966, 82

Tetradrachms

Rev. to 1., Hermes; below stool,

3a. Rev. below stool, . *ANS, 17.07↑; ANS, 17.14↑

b. Rev. as 3a. Hurtt Coll.

4. * SNGAshm 2708 (Kuft), 17.00↘

5a. Rev. of 4. *Pozzi Coll.; ANS, 17.19↓; London ; Hersh Coll., 17.22↑

b. Haughton Coll. (Demanhur)

6. Rev. of 5b. *London = Naville 1, Apr. 4, 1921 (Pozzi), 909; ANS (Demanhur), Reattrib., pl. 17, 12, 17.13↓; ANS, 16.96↑

7. *ANS, 17.22↓

Drachms

Rev. to 1., Hermes; below stool,

8a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.17↑

b. Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1964)

9. *ANS (Armenak), 4.24↑

10.a. Rev. of 9. *ANS (Armenak), 4.27→

b. SNGCop 893, 4.18↑

11.a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.25↑; ANS (Larissa ), 4.07↑

b. ANS, 4.12↑

c. Commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

d. Commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

12.a. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1964); ANS, 3.94 (broken)↑

b. G. Hirsch 26, Jan. 11, 1961, 1767

13. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

14.a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.30↑; SNGCop 892, 4.23↑

b. Commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

15. *ANS (Sinan), 4.31↑

16.a. Rev. of 15. *SNGBerry 224, 4.31↑; London

b. SNGAshm 2709, 4.13↑

17. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.18↑

18.a. Rev. of 17. *ANS, 4.10↑; ANS, 3.93↑

b. SNGFitz 2221, 4.27↑; Leningrad; ANS, 4.23↑; commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

c. ANS (Sinan), 4.26↑; Benson Coll., 4.10↑

d. SNGFitz 2222, 4.26↑

19. London

Rev. to 1., Hermes; below stool,

20.a. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1964)

b. ANS (Sinan), 4.37↑

21. *ANS (Sinan), 4.36←; London = Weber 2104, 4.31

22a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.30←

b. ANS (Sinan), 4.20↑

23. *ANS, 4.02→

24. *ANS, 3.99↑; commerce (Asia Minor 1961); Peus 283, May 14, 1974, 66

25. *ANS (Sinan), 4.23↑

26. *London

27. *ANS (Sinan), 4.21←; ANS (Cavalla ), 4.23↓

28a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.20↓

b. SNGAshm 2710, 4.18↓

29a. *ANS, 4.05→

b. ANS (Mosul 1917), 4.06←

Series II. Control: FOREPART OF PEGASUS and

Staters

Rev. to 1., forepart of Pegasus and

30. Munich = Kress, Oct. 3, 1972, 321, 8.57; London

Drachms

Rev. to 1., forepart of Pegasus; below stool,

31.a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.29↑; Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1964); ANS, 4.19↑

b. ANS (Armenak), 4.17↑

32.a. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

b. ANS (Sinan), 4.26↑; ANS (Sinan), 4.25↑

33. *ANS (Sinan), 4.36↑

34. *ANS (Sinan), 4.28↑

35. *ANS (Sinan), 4.32↑

36a. ANS, 4.21↑

b. *ANS (Sinan), 4.32↑

37.a. Rev. of 36

b. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1964); commerce (Asia Minor 1964) b. ANS (Sinan), 4.34↑

c. SNGAshm 2714, 4.15↗; ANS, 4.15↑

38. Rev. of 37c. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

39. *ANS (Sinan), 4.31↑

40. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1964); commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

41. *ANS, 4.20↑

42. *ANS (Sinan); commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

43. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1964); commerce (Asia Minor 1964); commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

44. *ANS, 4.30↑; ANS (Larissa ), 4.11↑

45. *London ; ANS, 3.77↓

46. *London

47. *SNGLockett 1498

48.a. Commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

b. *ANS (Sinan), 4.26↑

49. Rev. of 48b. *ANS, 4.24↑

50. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1964); commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

Rev. to 1., forepart of Pegasus and

51. Obv. of 49

a. ANS, 4.28↑

b. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1964); commerce (Asia Minor 1964); ANS (Sinan), 4.29↑; ANS, 4.22↑

52. Obv. of 50

a. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

b. ANS (Sinan), 4.28→

c. The Hague

d. ANS (Sinan), 4.29→

53. Rev. of 52d. *ANS (Sinan), 4.31→; ANS (Sinan), 4.27→

54.a. Rev. of 51b. *ANS (Sinan), 4.28↑

b. ANS (Sinan), 4.22↓

55. *ANS (Sinan), 4.29↓; B. Y. Berry Coll.

56. *ANS (Sinan), 4.24↓

57.a. *London ; ANS (Sinan), 4.26↓; ANS (Sinan), 4.27

b. ANS (Sinan), 4.25↑

c. ANS, 4.24↓

58. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1964); ANS (Sinan), 4.29↑; commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

59. *ANS, 4.08→

60.a. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

b. ANS (Sinan), 4.30→

c. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.11→

Series III. Control: PALM TREE and

Philip II Staters

Rev. below horses,

61.a. *Istanbul, 8.56→; Berlin, 8.60→; ANS 291, 8.62→

b. Rev. below horses, . London , 8.53; Dresden, 8.60; Sotheby, Parke-Bernet, Dec. 9, 1969, 13 (Paeonia), 13, 8.54→

62.a. Rev. of 61b. SNGBerry 90, 8.56→

b. *London , 8.58→

Tetradrachms

Rev. to 1., palm tree; below stool,

63. *ANS, 17.23→; Vienna; ANS (Demanhur), Reattrib., pl. 17, 11, 16.58→; Natl. Mus., Lebanon; Lanz Graz, Dec. 1, 1975, 134, 17.19

Drachms

Rev. to 1., palm tree

64. Obv. of 60

a. *ANS, 4.20↑; Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1964)

b. ANS, 4.16↑

c. Leningrad

65. *Berlin

66.a. *Petsalis Coll.; SNGCop 935, 4.21↑

b. ANS (Armenak), 4.26↑; ANS, 4.14↑

Rev. to 1., palm tree; below stool,

67. Obv. of 60. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1964); Saroglos Coll.

Rev. to 1., palm tree above

68. Obv. of 60. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1964); ANS, 4.13→

69. Rev. of 68. *ANS, 4.09↑

Series IV. Control: ΔY

Philip II Staters

Rev. below horses, ΔY and dolphin

70. Obv. of 62. *ANS, 8.56→

Rev. below horses, ΔY; in exergue, horse’s leg

71. *Kishinev (Lergu)

72. *London

73. Rev. of 72. *ANS, 8.38←; Berlin

Rev. below horses, ΔY and cornucopia

74. Obv. of 73. *Munich

75. *London ; ANS, 8.60↑; Paris

Drachms

Rev. to 1., tunny; below stool, ΔY

76. Obv. of 60. Rev. tunny cut over palm tree. *ANS (Armenak), 4.16→; ANS (Cavalla ), 4.13→

77.a. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1964); ANS (Armenak), 4.18→

b. ANS (Sinan), 4.31→

c. ANS, 4.25→

Rev. to 1., dolphin; below stool, ΔY

78. Obv. of 77. *ANS (Sinan), 4.29→

79. *ANS (Sinan), 4.28→

Rev. to 1. human hand; below stool, ΔY

80. Obv. of 77. *ANS (Sinan), 4.34→; ANS, 4.24→; ANS, 3.97→; Petsalis Coll.

81. Hersh Coll., 4.25↑; Athens

82. *R. J. Myers, May 1975, 5, 4.21→

Rev. to 1., horse’s leg; below stool, ΔY

83. Obv. of 82. *ANS, 4.09→; London

Imitation

84. Rev. to 1., fulmen; below stool, ΔY. *Seyrig Coll.

Series V. Control:

Philip II Staters

Rev. below horses, and cornucopia

85. Obv. of 75.

a. *ANS, 8.55↑; London

b. Athens

86. Rev. large Γ in front of charioteer. *London ; ANS = Merzbacher, Nov. 15, 1910, 377, 8.57↑

87. Rev. of 86. *SNGSwed 964, 8.49↑

Rev. below horses, and horse’s leg23

88. *London

89.a. *Berlin ; Fay Coll.; ANS, 8.46→; commerce 1934, 8.59↘; Vinchon, Nov. 20, 1961, 133

b. Munich; London ; NCirc, Nov. 1973, 8790 = Naville 5, June 18, 1923, 1355 (Maeander Valley), 8.59

Drachms

Rev. to 1., cornucopia; below stool,

90. *ANS (Sinan), 4.28↑; ANS, 3.97↑; London

Rev. to 1., horse’s leg; below stool,

91. *ANS (Sinan), 4.28↓; ANS (Sinan), 4.32→

92.a. *Hersh Coll.; Florence

b. ANS, 4.22↓

93a. *London

b. ANS (Sinan), 4.30←

94. *ANS (Armenak), 4.10→; ANS, 4.18→

95. ANS (Sinan), 4.28→

Series VI. Control:

Philip II Staters

Rev. below horses,

96. *Commerce before 1941; Berlin ; Hess-Leu, Dec. 6, 1966, 247 (Eskişehir), 8.59

97. Rev. of 96. *London

Rev. below horses, and A

98. *ANS = A. Cahn 60, July 2, 1928, 389, 8.58←; Berlin ; Munich; London ; J. Schulman, June 8, 1966, 1132, 8.65

Rev. below horses, and star

99. Obv. of 98

a. *Münz. u. Med., Dec. 2, 1975, 64, 8.52

b. Hess-Leu 24, Apr. 16, 1964, 139, 8.53

100. *Commerce 1930, 8.47→; London

101. Obv. of Lampsacus 154.24 Rev. of 100. *ANS, 8.59←

Series VII. Control: and STAR

Philip II Staters

Rev. below horses, and star

102. Obv. of 101.

a. *Saroglos Coll.; Münz. u. Med. FPL 262, Mar. 1966, 6, 8.56; Hunter , p. 288, 6, 8.60

b. Rev. in exergue, pedum. Berlin ; commerce (N. Greece), 8.54

103a. Leningrad

b. Rev. as 102b. *ANS, 8.57←; Munich

104.a. *London ; Naville 5, June 18, 1923, 1361 (Larnaca), 8.54; Sotheby, Oct. 10, 1974, 19, 8.48

b. Rev. of 103b. Helbing, Mar. 20, 1928, 161 = Merzbacher, Nov. 2, 1909, 2937 = Egger, Jan. 7, 1908, 418, 8.58↑

c. Rev. instead of ; in exergue, pedum. *ANS, 8.56↑

105.a. *Münz. u. Med. 32, Oct. 20, 1966, 79 (Asia Minor 1964)

b. Rev. exergue off flan. Naville 13, June 27, 1928, 469, 8.52

c. Rev. of 103b. *Gotha; Münz. u. Med. FPL 389, May 1977, 5 = Auctiones Basel 6, Sept. 30-Oct. 1, 1976, 97, 8.52

106. Rev. in exergue, horse’s leg. *Hirsch 34, May 5, 1914, 284 = Hirsch 19, Nov. 11, 1907, 316, 8.68; Paris

107. Rev. as 106. *ANS = Naville 15, July 2, 1930; 465, 8.52↓; Hirsch 1033, 8.60↓

Quarter Staters

Obv. Head of Heracles r.

Rev. ΦIΛIΠΠOY between club and bow

108. Rev. above, pedum. *London , 2.13

109. Rev. below, horse’s leg. *London , 2.14

Rev. ΦIΛIΠΠOY above and below horse’s leg

Eighth Staters

110. *London , 1.07

111. *Munich; Hirsch 1037, 1.07

Drachms

Rev. to 1., star; below stool,

112.a. *ANS, 4.24→; ANS, 4.06→

b. Saroglos Coll.

c. Rev. ΦIΛIΠΠOY. Riechmann 30, Dec. 11, 1924, 472, 4.15

113. Rev. ΦIΛIΠΠOY over AΛEΞANΔPOY. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.05↑; London

Rev. ΦIΛIΠΠOY ; to 1., star above pedum; below stool

114.a. *ANS (Sinan), 4.27←

b. ANS (Sinan), 4.17←

Rev. to 1., horse’s leg; below stool, and star

115.a. *ANS, 4.25↓

b. Rev. ΦIΛIΠΠOY , ANS, 4.10↓

116. Rev. of 115a. *SNGBerry 225, 4.23↓

117.a. Rev. ΦIΛIΠΠOY. *Hersh Coll.

b. Rev. as 117a. ANS (Armenak), 4.15

118. Rev. of 117b. *ANS, 4.17↓

Series VIII. Control: HORSE’S LEG

Philip II Staters

119. Obv. of 107

a. Rev. below horses, horse’s leg; in exergue, chelys. *London

b. Rev. in exergue, horse’s leg; to lower r., chelys. *Munich

Drachms

Rev. ΦIΛIΠΠOY; below stool, horse’s leg

120. Rev. to 1., chelys; to r., horse’s leg. *ANS (Sinan), 4.25↑; SNGFilz 2279, 4.21↑; Münz. Med. FPL 336, July 1972, 17, 4.30

121. Rev. to 1., *London

122.a. Rev. to 1., owl. *ANS = Ratto, Apr. 4, 1927, 712, 4.19↓

b. Rev. as 122a. Paris

c. Rev. as 122a. Athens

d. Rev. as 122a. London

e. Rev. to 1., wreath. *ANS (Armenak), 4.24↑

f. Rev. to 1., . Munich

123. Rev. as 122e. *ANS, 4.12↓

124a. Rev. to 1., branch. *ANS (Sinan), 4.28↓

b. Rev. as 124a. ANS (Larissa ), 4.11↓

125. Rev. as 124a. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.19↓

Series IX. Control: GRAIN EAR Philip II Staters

Rev. below horses, in exergue, grain ear

126. Obv. of 107

a. Rev. to lower r., fulmen. *London ; Sotheby, Parke-Bernet, Dec. 9, 1969, 14 (Paeonia), 8.58↘; Münz. u. Med., Nov. 30, 1972, 450, 8.61

b. Rev. to lower r., horse’s leg. ANS, 8.04↘; Munich; Kishinev (Lergu ); Schlessinger 13, Feb. 4, 1935, 623, 8.60

Rev. below horses, in exergue, grain ear

127.a. *Paris ; London (Maeander Valley), 8.45; Vinchon, Apr. 25, 1966, 205; Bourgey, Nov. 14, 1972, 270

b. ANS, 8.53↓; Kishinev (Lergu ); Berry Coll.

c. Rev. below horses, to lower 1., grain ear. *London

Staters

Rev. to 1., grain ear and

128.a. SNGBerry 150 (Eskişehir), 8.64↑

b. *London

129.a. Rev. of 128b. *London = Naville 13, June 27, 1928, 509; Leningrad, 8.64

b. Rev. below r. wing, London ; ANS, 8.60↑; Kishinev (Lergu)

130.a. Rev. of 129b. Leningrad (Anadol), Pridik 237, 8.53↑

b. Rev. as 129b. *ANS, 8.53↑

Drachms

Rev. to 1., grain ear

131. Obv. of 125. Rev. ΦIΛIΠΠOY; below stool, *ANS (Sinan), 4.28↑; London

132. Rev. ΦIΛIΠΠOY; below stool, to r., horse’s leg. *Hersh Coll.; Saroglos Coll. = Münz. u. Med. FPL 343, Mar. 1973, 15

133. Rev. below stool, A. *Petsalis Coll.

134. Rev. ΦIΛIΠΠOY; below stool, a *ANS (Sinan), 4.29↘

Hemidrachms

135. Rev. to 1., grain ear; below stool, leaf. *Istanbul (Izmit), 2.17↑; Seyrig Coll., 2.01↑

Series X. Control: or or

Philip II Staters

136. Rev. below horses, and horse’s leg. *London ; Berlin ; Burgas (Jasna Poljana)

Philip III Staters

137.a. Rev. to l., and serpent. Helbing, Mar. 20, 1928, 194 = Riechmann 30, Dec. 11, 1924, 469, 8.56; Schlessinger 13, Feb. 4, 1935, 742, 8.50

b. Rev. as 137a. Leningrad (Anadol), Pridik 8, 8.45↑

c. Rev. to 1., and cornucopia. *Istanbul

138a. Rev. of 137c. G. Hirsch, May 17, 1961, 754

b. Rev. to 1., and serpent. *London ; Münz. u. Med. FPL 336, July 1972, 15, 8.45

139a. Rev. of 138b. *ANS, 8.52↗; Coin Galleries, July 13, 1954, 3355

b. Rev. to 1., and serpent. Münz. u. Med. 32, Oct. 20, 1966, 85 (Asia Minor 1964)

c. Rev. to 1., and cornucopia. Barclay V. Head, A Guide to the Principal...Coins of the Ancients (London , 1895), p. 62, 8, 8.51; Seltman Coll. = Canessa, May 22, 1922, 400, (Brandis), 8.55; Rosenberg, Mar. 9, 1914, 168; Coin Galleries, Nov. 19, 1973, 3

d. Rev. as 139b. SNGDavis 157, 8.37; Burgas (Jasna Poljana)

e. Rev. as 139b. Leningrad (Anadol), Pridik 6; Glendining, Mar. 9, 1931, 1004, 8.55

140a. Rev. of 139d. *ANS, 8.55↑; The Hague

b. Rev. of 139e. Berry Coll.; Cahn 80, Feb. 27, 1933, 177 = Helbing, Mar. 20, 1928, 193, 8.60; Hess-Leu, Feb. 4, 1958, 150, 8.52

141a. Rev. of 139e. Grabow, July 9, 1930, 303, 8.39

b. Rev. of 139c. *Copenhagen (SNG not), 8.52↑

c. Rev. as 139c. Milan; Saroglos Coll. = Hess, Apr. 5, 1955, 27, 8.55; Booth Coll., 8.58; Basel Münzhandlung 4, Oct. 1, 1935, 638, 8.56; Hess-Leu, Mar. 27, 1956, 275; Hess-Leu, Apr. 16, 1964, 144, 8.58

d. Rev. as 139b. Seyrig Coll., 8.55↗; Florence; Glendining, Oct. 4, 1957, 52; Münz. u. Med. FPL 227, Nov. 1962, 446; Coin Galleries FPL 13, June 1958, 1265, 8.60

142.a. Rev. of 141d. *SNGBerry 154 (Eskişehir), 8.58→

b. Rev. of 141c. London ; Ball 6, Feb. 9, 1932, 204

c. Rev. as 141c. SNGBerry 153 (Eskişehir), 8.57↑; Yale Univ., 8.60↑; Anastos Coll., 8.55←; Münz. u. Med. FPL 195, Nov./Dec. 1959, 351 = Münz. u. Med. FPL 185, Nov./Dec. 1958, 341, 8.55; Hess-Leu, May 5, 1965, 156; Berry Coll.; Hess-Leu, Apr. 16, 1957, 189, 8.61

d. Rev. to 1., cornucopia alone. SNGBerry 152 (Eskişehir), 8.56→; Coin Galleries, Apr. 20, 1961, 7 = Coin Galleries FPL 1, 1960, 109; G. Hirsch, Apr. 2, 1959, 788, 8.40

143. Rev. of 142d. * SNGBerry 151 (Eskişehir), 8.64↑

144a. Rev. of 142d. *Commerce (Elder, July 1920); G. Hirsch, Apr. 4, 1960, 139a

b. Rev. to 1., and serpent. *Turin

145. Rev. of 144b. *SNGBerry 155, 8.53↑

146. Rev. to 1., and serpent. *SNGCop 1071, 8.51; Platt, Mar. 27, 1922 (Luneau), 374

147. Rev. to 1., and cornucopia. *Commerce (N. Greece)

148a. Rev. as 147. *Paris ; Münz. u. Med. FPL 281, Oct. 1967, 10, 8.60

b. Rev. as 148a. Münz. u. Med. 52, June 19, 1975, 129, 8.58

Drachms

149. Rev. to 1., below stool, *ANS, 4.02↗; ANS, 4.23↗

150. Rev. to 1., wreath over below stool, . Leningrad

151. Obv. of 150. Rev. to 1., over wreath; below stool, ANS (Asia Minor 1961), 4.27→; *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.14→

152. Rev. ΦIΛIΠΠOY ; to 1., wreath over below stool, horse’s leg. *ANS, 4.23↑; ANS, 4.20↑

153. Rev. (ΦIΛIΠΠOY; to 1., ; below stool, horse’s leg. *ANS, 3.56↑

154. Rev. (ΦIΛIΠΠOY; to 1., below stool, serpent. *ANS, 4.28↑

155. Rev. as 154. *ANS, 4.32↑

Hemidrachm

156. Rev. ΦIΛIΠΠOY ; to 1., below stool, horse’s leg. *ANS = Naville 15, July 2, 1930, 517, 1.95←

Series XI. Control: and PENTAGRAM

Staters

157. Obv. of 145. Rev. ΦIΛIΠΠOY; to 1., pentagram alone; below wing, serpent. *Auctiones Basel 5, Dec. 2, 1975, 74 = Sotheby, Apr. 16, 1969, 353 (Paeonia), 353, 8.50

158. Obv. of 147. Rev. of 157. *Leningrad

159. Obv. of 148.

a. Rev. ΦIΛIΠΠOY; to 1., and pentagram; below wing, serpent. ANS, 8.70↑; Vinchon, Oct. 29, 1973, 18; London

b. Rev. ΦIΛIΠΠOY; to 1., and pentagram; below wing, cornucopia. *Paris

160.a. Rev. as 159b. *ANS = Bourgey, Dec. 15, 1909, 121, 8.52↙; Bucharest cast (Mărăşeşti), Poenaru-Bordea, 8.52↓

b. Rev. as 159a. Hess, Apr. 5, 1955, 26 = Naville 14, July 2, 1929, 202 = Naville 13, June 27, 1928, 531, 8.57

161.a. Rev. of 160b. *Commerce 1930; Egger 41, Nov. 18, 1912, 427, 8.52

b. Rev. of 160a. London

162. Rev. as 159b. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

163. Rev. of 162. *Münz. u. Med. FPL 247, Sept. 1964, 25 (Asia Minor 1964)

164. Rev. as 159b. *Bank Leu, ca. 1975, 8.58

165.a. Rev. AΛEΞANAΔPOY; to 1., and pentagram; below wing, cornucopia. *Dewing Coll., 8.57

b. Rev. as 165a. Glendining, Feb. 12, 1958, 1341 = Egger 39, Jan. 15, 1912, 258, 8.55

c. Rev. as 165a. Gulbenkian Coll.; Santamaria, Jan. 24, 1938, 141, 8.45

d. Rev. as 165a. Commerce (Basel 1971), 8.50

166. Rev. as 165a. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1964)

167. Rev. to 1., and pentagram; below wing, serpent. *Auctiones Basel 5, Dec. 2, 1975, 72 (Asia Minor 1964), 8.65; Dupriez, Apr. 20, 1914, 25

168.a. Rev. as 167. *Kölner Münz., Oct. 9, 1973, 28, 8.57

b. Rev. as 165a. London

169a. Rev. as 165a. *Commerce (Chapman); The Hague

b. Rev. as 165a. Burgas (Jasna Poljana); Hess, Feb. 15, 1934, 234 = Ball 6, Feb. 9. 1932, 154, 8.60; commerce (N. Greece), 8.56

c. Rev. as 165a. Athens

170. Rev. of 169c. *Leningrad

171.a. Obv. griffin on helmet. Rev. as 159b. *ANS = Egger 41, Nov. 18, 1912, 426, 8.61↑

b. Rev. as 159b. Bank Leu, Apr. 25, 1972, 169 = Hess-Leu Apr. 7, 1960, 150

172a. Rev. of 171a. Naville 15, July 2, 1930, 511 = Naville 4, [June 16,] 1922, 467

b. Rev. of 171b. *Ratto FPL, Dec. 1922, 1989 = Naville 1, Apr. 4, 1921 (Pozzi), 945, 8.57

173a. Obv. griffin on helmet. Rev. of 171b. Schlessinger 13, Feb. 4, 1935, 740

b. Rev. as 159a. *Leningrad (Anadol), Pridik 5

174. Obv. griffin on helmet. Rev. of 173a. *Paris

Drachm

175. Rev. (ΦIΛIΠΠOY; to 1., and pentagram; below stool, serpent. *Paris,25 4.04↑

This first section of the coinage begins in the lifetime of Alexander with the transfer of an obverse die from Lampsacus ca. 325 B.C. and ends with the death of Philip III in 317 B.C. The material here assembled provides no link between the first issue and those that follow but subsequent strikings are united in a close pattern of transferred dies:26

I.	Hermes,
II.	Pegasus forepart,
III.	Palm tree,
IV.	ΔY
V.
VI.
VII.	, star
VIII.	Horse’s leg
IX.	Grain ear
X.
XI.	, pentagram

Fractional gold is probably to be associated with Series VII and VIII. Staters of the earlier issue use both pedum and horse’s leg as secondary controls and this is the only appearance of the pedum. On the rare staters of Series VIII the horse’s leg is the primary control.

A few staters with the name of Alexander are struck in Series I and II and the type reappears only toward the end of the sequence in Series p>A=""IX and XI. Series X and XI contain staters with the name of Philip III. Stylistic development is in accord with that of the Alexander coinage as a whole. The tight corkscrew curls of Athena’s hair are replaced in Series XI by locks falling loosely over the neck. On three dies of the same issue (171, 173, 174) a griffin replaces the traditional serpent decoration on the helmet.27 Within that issue, too, the standing Nike with vertical stylis gives place to a goddess walking left and occasionally holding the stylis diagonally across her body. The large pentagram alone in the left field of 157 is either an experiment, quickly abandoned, or a clumsy attempt to re-use a reverse die of Series X by obliterating the monogram below Nike’s extended arm.

The only staters of Series III-VIII are those with the types of Philip II. Again there is an obverse used at both Lampsacus (154) and Abydus (101) but there is no die break to establish the sequence of transfer and no obvious reason for it. What is particulary noteworthy is the abundance of Philip II coinage at both mints in sharp contrast to the absence or scarcity of such strikings at Miletus and Sardes. If, as suggested elsewhere,28 the posthumous Philips were intended to strengthen Arrhidaeus’s claims to legitimacy, it is not surprising that they appear so often at the two Asia Minor mints closest to Macedon where Philip’s party was strong.

Early reverses show a treatment of the horses similar to that on the first dies of Lampsacus: rear legs thin and close together and forelegs in a fan-shaped arrangement. On all later reverses the rear legs are separated and the forelegs paw the air in agitated motion. In the beginning the head of Apollo is delicately delineated with a smooth rendering of the hair and a wreath of small laurel leaves. On subsequent obverses the leaves are larger and the hair curls around the crown of the head. Throughout the style is good.

A hallmark of the tetradrachms and drachms of Series I-VII is the awkward spread-lap Zeus of the reverses. By Series VIII this distinctive style disappears; the god is shown in a relaxed pose with legs crossed.

Series XII. Control: MALE HEAD

Staters

176. Obv. of 173. Rev. to 1., male head; below wing, leaf. *Berlin, 8.46↑

177. Obv. of 174. Rev. of 176. *Berlin, 8.55↑

Tetradrachms

Rev. to 1., male head; below stool,

178. *ANS, 17.14↑

179. *Paris

180. *Vienna

Drachms

Rev. to 1., male head; below stool, leaf

181. Obv. die of 175.

a. *ANS (Armenak), 4.10↑

b. Leningrad

182.a. *ANS (Cavalla), 4.22↑

b. Athens (Corinth 1938), ANSMN 10, 171, 4.03

183a. Saroglos Coll.

b. ANS, 4.07↑

184a. *ANS (Cavalla), 4.19↖

b. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961), 4.21↑

c. ANS, 4.18↑

185.a. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961)

b. ANS, 4.26↑

c. Malloy, Mar. 15, 1974, 92

186a. *ANS (Mosul), 4.18↗

b. London ; The Hague

187. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.23↙

188. ANS (Larissa ), 4.12↑

189. *ANS, 4.23←

190. Naville 17, Oct. 3, 1934, 577, 4.15

191. *Naville 1, Apr. 4, 1921 (Pozzi), 938, 4.14; Peus, Oct. 30, 1973, 90

192a. *ANS, 4.14↑

b. ANS (Larissa ), 4.11↑

193. *ANS, 4.20↑

194. *ANS (Armenak), 4.21↑

195a. ANS, 4.13↓

b. ANS, 3.99↓

196. ANS, 4.13↑

197. *SNGFitz 2224, 4.02↗; Leningrad = Schlessinger 13, Feb. 4, 1935, 716, 4.20

198. Leningrad = Schlessinger 13, Feb. 4, 1935, 717, 4.20

199. *SNGBerry 228, 4.16→

200a. *ANS (Asia Minor 1961)

b. ANS, 3.93↑

201. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961)

202. *ANS (Asia Minor 1961), 4.26

203. *ANS, 4.14→

204. *Yale Univ.

Series XIII. Control: LION

Staters

Rev. below wing, lion

205. Obv. of 174

a. Rev. to 1., leaf. *London

b. Rev. to lower r., leaf. SNGBerry 157, 8.44↑

Drachms

Rev. to 1., lion; below stool, leaf

206. Obv. of 204. *ANS, 4.13↑

207. Obv. of 203

a. ANS, 3.84↑; ANS, 3.96↖

b. SNGFitz 2225, 4.19↖

c. *The Hague

208. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961); ANS, 4.15

209. *ANS, 4.23↑

210a. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.21↑

b. ANS (Mesopotamia, ante 1920), 4.03↑

211. *ANS (Armenak), 4.20↑

212. *ANS (Armenak), 4.26↑

213. *ANS, 4.06↑

214. *Paris

215. De Luynes 1667, 4.15

Series XIV. Control:

Stater

Rev. to 1., ; to r., I

216. *Paris

Drachms

Rev. to 1., ; below stool, I

217a. *ANS, 4.14↗

b. ANS (Larissa ), 4.11↗

c. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.24↗

218. *ANS (Armenak), 4.24↗; ANS, 4.04↑; ANS (Armenak), 4.21↑

219a. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.08←; Athens (Corinth 1938), ANSMN 10, 172

b. ANS, 4.18↗

220. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.20↑; ANS (Armenak), 4.23↑

221a. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.12↖; ANS (Cavalla ), 4.24↖

b. ANS (Armenak), 4.25↑

222. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.17↑; ANS, 4.19↑

223a. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.16↖

b. ANS, 4.03↑

224a. ANS (Larissa ), 4.43↑

b. ANS (Armenak), 4.22↑

225a. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.12↗

b. ANS, 4.23↗

226. * SNGBerry 227, 4.30↑

227a. *ANS (Armenak), 4.29↑

b. ANS (Larissa ), 4.19↗

c. ANS, 4.09↑; ANS, 4.19↑

d. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.17↑; ANS, 4.15↑

228. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.27↖

229a. McClean 3499, 4.29↑; Turin, 4.15↑

b. ANS (Larissa ), 4.23↑

230. *ANS, 4.59↗; Malloy, Mar. 28, 1973, 143

231. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.14↑

232. *ANS, 4.27↑

233. *ANS, 4.17↖

234a. ANS, 4.05↑

b. SNGFitz 2244, 4.18↑

235. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.24→

236. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.22←

237. *ANS, 4.10↗

238. ANS (Larissa ), 4.16→

239. ANS (Mesopotamia, ante 1920), 4.08↗

240. ANS (Larissa ), 4.19↑

241. ANS (Larissa ), 4.25↑

242. ANS (Larissa ), 4.17↗

243. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.10↑

244. ANS, 3.69↑

245. *ANS, 3.88←

246. *Hersh Coll.

Rev. to 1., ; below stool, leaf

247. Obv. of 246. *ANS (Armenak), 4.19↑; ANS (Larissa ), 4.20↑; ANS, 4.04↗

248a. *Hersh Coll.

b. ANS (Armenak), 4.35↗; Turin , 4.08↑

c. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.25↗

d. ANS, 3.93↗

249a. ANS, 4.36↗; ANS (Cavalla ), 4.20↗; ANS (Mesopotamia, ante 1920), 4.00↗

b. ANS, 4.23↗

250. ANS (Armenak), 4.14↑; ANS (Larissa ), 4.10↑

251a. *ANS (Armenak), 4.13↗

b. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.1↗

c. ANS, 4.20↑

d. ANS, 3.99↑

252a. Athens ; ANS (Armenak), 4.31↗; ANS, 4.11↑

b. ANS (Larissa ), 4.19↑

253a. ANS (Larissa ), 4.23↖

b. ANS, 3.96↑

254. *ANS (Armenak), 4.21↖

255. ANS, 4.33↑

256. *SNGBerry 226, 3.98↑

257. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.15↑

258. ANS, 4.25↑

259. ANS, 4.04↑

260. ANS, 3.96↗

261. *ANS, 3.97↖

262. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.02↗

263. *Paris

264. *Rome, Museo Nazionale delle Terme

265. *Athens (Corinth 1938), ANSMN 10, 174, 4.12

Rev. to 1., ; below stool,

266a. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.14↗; Hersh Coll.

b. ANS (Armenak), 4.14↗

267. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.25↑

Rev. to 1., ; below stool,

268. Obv. of 267. *Sternberg, Nov. 24, 1977, 81, 4.33; London ; ANS, 3.48↑

Rev. to 1., ; below stool, ⌈

269. *ANS (Armenak), 4.17→

Series XV. Control: 29

Tetradrachms

270a. Rev. to 1., caduceus below ; below stool, . *Berlin

b. Rev. no caduceus visible; below stool, . *ANS, 15.66↑

Drachms

Rev. to 1., torch below ; below stool, leaf

271a. *ANS (Armenak), 4.15; ANS (Larissa ), 4.17↑

b. Leningrad

Rev. to 1., prow below ; below stool, caduceus

272a. *ANS (Armenak), 4.15↖

b. ANS (Armenak), 4.24↗

273a. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

b. Hersh Coll.

c. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.17↑

274. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.20↑; ANS, 3.84↑

275. Athens (Corinth 1938), ANSMN 10, 180, 4.15

276. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961)

277. *Athens

Rev. to 1., prow below ; to r., caduceus; below stool, I

278. Obv. of 277. *ANS, 4.29↑

279. Athens (Corinth 1938), ANSMN 10, 179, 4.08

280. *London ; Benson Coll., 4.14↑

281. *ANS (Asia Minor 1961), 4.28↑

282. *Copenhagen (SNG not)

Rev. to 1., ; to r., caduceus; below stool, leaf

283. Obv. of 282

a. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.06↑; ANS (Cavalla ), 4.17↑

b. ANS (Armenak), 4.12↑; ANS, 3.99↑

284. Obv. of 281. *ANS, 3.81↑

285. *ANS, 4.28↑; commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

286a. *ANS (Armenak), 4.17→

b. ANS (Armenak), 4.21↑; D. M. Robinson Coll.

287a. *ANS, 4.20↑

b. ANS (Armenak), 3.97↑; ANS, 4.00↑

288. *Athens

289. *Hersh Coll.

290a. *ANS, 4.02↑

b. ANS, 3.80↑

Series XVI. Control:

Staters

291. Rev. to 1., ; to r., I. *ANS, 8.60↗

292. Rev. of 291. *Naples, St. Angelo

Drachms

Rev. to 1., ; below stool,

293. Obv. of 290.

a. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

b. ANS (Larissa ), 4.18↑

c. Rev. to 1., . *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961); ANS, 4.16↖; ANS (Armenak), 4.08↖; ANS, 4.02↖

294. *ANS (Armenak), 4.22↗; ANS (Mosul), 4.09↑

Rev. to 1., ; below stool, I

295a. *ANS (Armenak), 4.29↖

b. ANS (Larissa ), 4.00↑; ANS, 3.92↑

296a. *ANS, 4.14↑; Am. Univ. Beirut, 4.12↖

b. Hersh Coll (Asia Minor 1961)

297. *ANS (Armenak), 4.22↑; commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

298. ANS, 4.28↖; ANS, 4.09↑

299a. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.18↑

b. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

300a. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961); commerce (Asia Minor 1961); ANS (Larissa ), 4.13↑

b. Athens

301a. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961); Platt FPL 1971, 305, 4.43

b. ANS, 4.01↑; commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

c. ANS, 4.03↑

302. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961); commerce (Asia Minor 1961); McClean 3499, 4.30

303a. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961); ANS (Larissa ), 4.34↑

b. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.21↑

304. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961); commerce (Asia Minor 1961), 4.37↑

305. *Leningrad

Rev. to 1., (; below stool, cantharus

306. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961); ANS (Larissa ), 4.09↑

307a. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

b. Athens (Corinth 1938), ANSMN 10, 177

308. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

309. *ANS (Armenak), 4.03↗

Rev. to 1., (; below stool, 30

310a. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961)

b. *ANS (Armenak), 4.37 ↙

311a. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

b. ANS, 4.32↑

312. *ANS, 4.27↗; ANS (Cavalla ), 4.47↗; ANS, 4.31↗

313. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.11↗

314. *ANS (Urfa), 4.11↑

315a. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

b. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.34↑; Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

c. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

316. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961); ANS (Cavalla ), 4.19↖; Berry Coll., 4.26

317. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

318a. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

b. ANS, 4.24↖

319. *ANS (Mosul), 3.89↑; commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

320. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

321a. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

b. Athens ; Leningrad

322. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.28 ↖

323. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.22↑

324. *ANS (Armenak), 4.11↗

325. *ANS, 3.97 ↖

326. *ANS, 3.98↗

327. Athens

Series XVII. Control: and PENTAGRAM

Staters

Rev. to 1., and pentagram; below wing, various symbols

328a. Rev. serpent. *London ; Leningrad (Anadol), Pridik 65

b. Rev. serpent. ANS, 8.57→

329a. Rev. serpent. ANS, 8.54←; Bank Leu, Apr. 25, 1972, 167 = Münz. u. Med. FPL 195 Nov. 1959, 348

b. Rev. goat’s head. *London

330. Rev. goat’s head. *ANS, 8.54↖

331a. Rev. cornucopia. *Leningrad

b. Rev. cornucopia. Leningrad ; Commerce (Basel 1971), 8.53

332. Rev. shell. *Paris

333a. Rev. cornucopia. *London

b. Rev. cornucopia. Naville 5, June 18, 1923, 1391; Hirsch, May 28, 1962, 85; Münz. u. Med FPL 328, Oct. 1971, 11, 8.52

c. Rev. cornucopia. ANS, 8.56↑

334. Rev. cornucopia. Leningrad (Anadol), Pridik 59

335a. Rev. shell. *Dewing Coll., 8.58

b. Rev. shell. ANS, 8.54↖; commerce (N. Greece), 8.59

c. Rev. shell. ANS, 8.54↑

d. Rev. shell. Hirsch 14, Nov. 27, 1905, 305, 8.62

336a. Rev. cornucopia. *SNGBerry 156, 8.57↓

b. Rev. shell. ANS, 8.23→ [“Serrure Sale 1912 no. 70,” Newell]; Vinchon, May 2, 1973, 510

c. Rev. shell. London

337. Rev. of 336c. *Commerce (Basel 1971), 8.51; commerce (N. Greece), 8.51

338a. Rev. cornucopia. *ANS, 8.54↑; commerce (Malko Topolovo)

b. Rev. cornucopia. Leningrad ; London

339. Rev. cornucopia. *Cahn 71, Oct. 1931, 268 = Cahn 68, Nov. 26, 1930, 1225= Ratto, Apr. 4, 1927, 569, 8.71

340a. Rev. of 339. *ANS (Mărăşeşti), Poenaru Bordea 14, 8.49↑

b. Rev. cornucopia. Commerce (Mărăşeşti), Poenaru Bordea 13, 8.48↑; Commerce (N. Greece), 8.58; Baranowsky FPL 1934, 6389; Hans M. F. Schulman, Jan. 17, 1963, 22

Series XVIII. Control:

Staters

Rev. to 1., ; below wing, various symbols

341. Obv. of 34031

a. Rev. cornucopia. *Leningrad

b. Rev. cornucopia. Santamaria, Jan. 24, 1938, 142, 8.57

342a. Rev. of 341a. *ANS = Sotheby, June 2, 1924, 288, 8.55↑; Leningrad

b. Rev. cornucopia; recut. Naville 5, June 18, 1923, 1390, 8.54

343a. Rev. of 341b. Commerce (from Cyprus), 8.53↑; London ; Paris

b. Rev. cornucopia. *Munich; commerce (N. Greece), 8.57

c. Rev. cornucopia. Commerce (N. Greece), 8.53

344. Rev. shell. *ANS, 8.55↑

345. Rev. of 344. *London ; commerce (Malko Topolovo)

346. Rev. cornucopia. *London

347. Rev. griffin’s head. *Bettermann Coll.

348a. Rev. of 347. *Paris ; Leningrad (Anadol), Pridik 50

b. Rev. griffin’s head. ANS, 8.55↓; Turin , 8.55

349. Rev. cornucopiae. *Paris

Drachms

Rev. to 1., ; below stool, symbol

350a. Rev. griffin’s head. *ANS (Armenak), 4.17↑; ANS, 4.20↑

b. Rev. griffin’s head. ANS, 4.22↑

351a. Rev. griffin’s head. *ANS (Armenak), 4.22↑; Naville Coll.

b. Rev. griffin’s head. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

352a. Rev. griffin’s head. *ANS, 4.26↓

b. Rev. griffin’s head. Braun Coll.

353a. Rev. griffin’s head. *ANS, 4.11↑; ANS (Cavalla ), 4.20↑

b. Rev. griffin’s head. ANS, 4.14↑

354a. Rev. griffin’s head. ANS (Armenak), 4.17↖; ANS (Cavalla ), 4.17↑; Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961); commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

b. Rev. griffin’s head. ANS, 4.07 ↖

c. Rev. griffin’s head. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961, three examples)

d. Rev. griffin’s head. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

e. Rev. satrap’s head. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961, two examples)

f. Rev. satrap’s head. *Hersh Coll. (Asia Minor 1961); commerce (Asia Minor 1961, two examples)

g. Rev. satrap’s head. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961, two examples)

355a. Rev. griffin’s head. *ANS, 4.28↑; Kress 162, March 17, 1975, 449

b. Rev. griffin’s head. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

c. Rev. below stool, satrap’s head; to r., caduceus. *London ; London

d. Rev. ; satrap’s head. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.27↑; Athens

e. Rev. satrap’s head. ANS, 4.16 ↖

f. Rev. satrap’s head. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961); ANS (Larissa ), 4.23↑; ANS, 4.13↑

g. Rev. satrap’s head. Athens

356a. Rev. griffin’s head. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

b. Rev. satrap’s head. ANS, 4.26 ↖; ANS (Larissa ), 4.19↑

c. Rev. satrap’s head. ANS (Larissa ), 4.24 ↖; ANS, 4.00↑; commerce (Asia Minor 1961, fourteen examples)

d. Rev. satrap’s head. ANS (Cavalla ), 4.28 ↖; commerce (Asia Minor 1961, five examples)

e. Rev. satrap’s head. *Commerce (Asia Minor 1961, four examples)

f. Rev. satrap’s head. Storrs Coll.; Schlessinger 13, Feb. 4, 1935, 725, 4.20

357a. Rev. satrap’s head. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.19↑

b. Rev. satrap’s head. ANS, 4.16↗

c. Rev. satrap’s head. Munich

358. Rev. satrap’s head.*ANS (Armenak), 4.16↖

359a. Rev. satrap’s head. *ANS, 4.16↑

b. Rev. satrap’s head. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961); Turin , 3.77↑; Turin , 4.14↑

c. Rev. satrap’s head. ANS (Mosul), 4.13↑

360. Rev. satrap’s head. *ANS (Cavalla ), 4.18↑

Series XIX. Control:

Staters

Rev. to 1., ; below wing, various symbols

361. Obv. of 349. Rev. shell. *Commerce (Malko Topolovo)

362. Obv. of 343

a. Rev. cornucopia. *ANS, 8.54↑; The Hague; Commerce (Basel 1971), 8.59

b. Rev. shell. Leningrad

363. Rev. of 362b.*Paris

364. Rev. shell. *Leningrad; commerce (N. Greece), 8.58; Auctiones Basel 4, Nov. 26, 1974, 91

365. Rev. shell. *Leningrad

366. Rev. cornucopia. *ANS, 8.52↑

367a. Rev. cornucopia. *Leningrad; Vinchon FPL 15, Dec. 1959, 4

b. Rev. cornucopia. Leningrad; commerce (Mărăşeşti), Poenaru Bordea 15, 8.52↑

368. Rev. of 367b. *London

369a. Rev. shell. *Leningrad (Anadol), Pridik 67; commerce (Basel 1971), 8.51

b. Rev. shell. ANS, 8.49↑; commerce (N. Greece), 8.49

370a. Rev. of 369b. ANS, 8.54↗; Hirsch, Apr. 4, 1960, 133a = Glendining, Mar. 7, 1957, 17, 8.54

b. Rev. shell. *Saroglos Coll.; London ; commerce (Malko Topolovo)

371. Rev. of 370b. *Leningrad = Hess 208, Dec. 14, 1931, 265

372a. Rev. shell. Hamburger, Sept. 12, 1922, 20

b. Rev. A. *London , 8.54↑

c. Rev. griffin’s head. London

373a. Rev. of 372b. *Leningrad (Anadol), Pridik 583

b. Rev. griffin’s head. Commerce 1923

c. Rev. shell. Commerce (Basel 1971), 8.56

374a. Rev. of 372c. Leningrad

b. Rev. of 373b. *ANS, 8.53↗

Drachms

Rev. to 1., ; below stool, leaf

375. *ANS, 4.26↑

376a. ANS, 4.29 ↖

b. Hersh Coll.

377a. ANS (Armenak), 4.15↑

b. ANS (Larissa ), 4.08↑

378. *ANS (Armenak), 4.14↗; commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

379. *SNGBerry 229, 4.22 ↖

380a. *ANS, 4.30↑

b. Vienna, 4.10↑

381. ANS, 4.32↑

382a. * ANS (Asia Minor 1961), 4.15↗

b. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

383a. Commerce (Asia Minor 1961)

b. ANS, 4.03↑

384a. ANS, 4.25↗

b. ANS, 4.17 ↖

c. Leningrad = Schlessinger 13, Feb. 4, 1935, 719, 4.20

385. ANS (Armenak), 4.27↑

386a. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.15↑

b. ANS (Cavalla), 4.21 ↖

387. *ANS (Larissa ), 4.16↗

388a. *ANS, 4.17 ↖

b. Athens (Corinth 1938), ANSMN 10, 182

389. *ANS (Armenak), 4.20↑

390. ANS, 4.09 ↖; ANS, 4.10 ↖

391a. *ANS, 4.15 ↗

b. ANS, 4.07↑

392. ANS (Armenak), 4.16↑

393. Leningrad

394. ANS (Cavalla), 4.18↑

Series XX. Control: M or in WREATH

Staters

Rev. to l., M or in wreath; below wing, symbol

395. Obv. of 374.32 Rev. griffin’s head. *Munich; SNGBerry 158, 8.57 ↗

396a. Rev. griffin’s head. *ANS, 8.57↑

b. Rev. cornucopia. Leningrad

397a. Rev. of 396b. *Commerce 1921 (Mărăşeşti), Poenaru Bordea 16, 8.51↑; Bucharest cast (Mărăşeşti), Poenaru Bordea, 8.51↑

b. Rev. cornucopia. London

c. Rev. cornucopia. *Paris ; Leningrad, 8.56↑; ANS 8.55↑ [“Elder Sale 1017 Apr. 1913,“ Newell , but see Elder, Nov. 22, 1913, not illus.]

d. Rev. griffin’s head. London

398. Rev. of 397d. *Commerce (Mărăşeşti), Poenaru Bordea 18

399. Rev. of 397c. *Hess, Dec. 18, 1933, 57 = Dupriez 112, Apr. 7, 1913, 101

Drachms

Rev. to 1., M or in wreath; below stool, symbol

400. Obv. of 360. Rev. satrap’s head. *ANS, 4.15↑; ANS, 3.58↑

401. Rev. griffin’s head. *ANS, 4.32 ↗

402. Rev. griffin’s head. *ANS, 4.12↑

403. Rev. griffin’s head. *ANS (Armenak), 4.16↑; ANS (Asia Minor 1961), 4.27↗

Lysimachus Drachms

404. Obv. of 402. Rev. to 1., forepart of lion over in wreath; below stool, * *Leningrad

405. Obv. of 403. Rev. to 1., forepart of lion over ; below stool, griffin’s head.

*ANS (Asia Minor 1961), 4.24↑

Like the earlier sequence, the second section of the coinage is extensively die linked as shown in the outline that follows:33

XI.	, pentagram
XII.	Male head
XIII.	Lion
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.	, pentagram
XVIII.
XIX.
XX.	M or in wreath Lysimachus

Series XIV alone has no link with another series but its position in the sequence is supported by the secondary controls that it shares with adjoining issues.

XII.	leaf,
XIII.	leaf
XIV.	leaf, I or or
XV.	leaf,

Another noteworthy issue is Series XVII which is identical in its major control (, pentagram) with the last emission before the death of Philip III (Series XI). That these are two separate strikings is certain. The Philip issue is linked at both ends with other series while Series XVII begins the closely joined sequence which ends the coinage. Two of the secondary controls of Series XI (serpent and cornucopia) continue to be used in Series XVII; two new ones (shell and goat’s head) are added. With Series XVIII the griffin’s head and the satrap’s head appear for the first time as secondary controls.

Unlike the diversity of major controls which characterizes the earlier sequence, the final issues from Abydus (Series XIV-XX) are marked by monograms in which the letter M is the dominant element. If these indicate magistrates or moneyers, as is generally assumed, there was at Abydus a strange concentration of officials whose name began with M.

SYNOPSIS OF THE COINAGE
	Staters	Tetradrachms	Drachms
	No. Coins	Obv. Dies	Rev. Dies	No. Coins	Obv. Dies	Rev. Dies	No. Coins	Obv. Dies	Rev. Dies
I: Hermes	8	2	3	13	5	5	50	22	34
II: Forepart Pegasus	2	1	1				67	28	40
III: Palm tree	8	2	3	5	1	1	14	4	8
IV: ΔY	9	5	5				17	5	10
V:	14	5	7				13	6	8
VI:	14	5	6
VII: , star	23a	6	10				14	7	11
VIII: Horse’s leg	2	1	2				14	6	12
IX: Grain ear	23	5	9				6b	4	4
X:	62	13	18				10c	6	7
XI: , pentagram	38	18	21				1	1	1
XII: Male head	2	1	1	3	3	3	38	24	35
XIII: Lion	2	1	2				14	10	13
XIV:	1	1	1				96	51	75
XV:				2	1	2	36	17	28
XVI:	2	2	1				75	35	51
XVII: , pentagram	38	13	22
XVIII:	21	9	10				80	11	36
XIX:	34	14	16				32	20	30
XX: M in wreath	13	5	6				6	4	4
Totals d	316	109	144	23	10	11	583	261	407

End Notes

a	This series also has fractional gold: 2 quarter staters and 3 eighth staters from 2 obverse and 2 reverse dies.
b	Two hemidrachms from the same pair of dies belong with this issue.
c	A single hemidrachm is also recorded for this series.
d	Subtracting dies transferred from one series to another reduces the total of stater obverses to 95 and of the drachm obverses to 254.
21	So, too, the single issue with addorsed horse foreparts, here assigned to Lampsacus , cannot signify Perinthus. An isolated early striking with youth and fillet, originally assigned to Sicyon because of an apparent connection with bronze issues of that mint, has been tentatively reassigned to Corinth by Hyla Troxell (“The Peloponnesian Alexanders,“ ANSMN 1971, pp. 51-52) who suggests that the symbol may indicate nothing more than an official with personal ties to Sicyon.
22	The die moved from Lampsacus to Abydus. A die break at upper left on the Abydus stater establishes the direction of the transfer.
26	A stater of the Pozzi Collection (Naville 1, Apr. 4, 1921, 840) with monogram and horse’s leg below and a cornucopia in the exergue was judged a forgery by Naville.
24	The die probably moved from Lampsacus to Abydus but there seems no obvious reason for the transfer. Both mints continued to produce Philip II staters although in the case of Lampsacus the output is greatly reduced.
25	G. Le Rider and H. Seyrig, “Objets de la collection Louis de Clercq donnés en 1967...,” RN 1969, p. 29, 434, pl. 8.
26	The outer brackets show drachm links, the inner ones stater transfers.
30	As on Lampsacus 181 and 183.
31	M. Thompson (above, n. 13), p. 61.
32	The monogram is clear on 2Series XVI. Control:70a. On other strikings it is usually abbreviated. These minor variations are not recorded.
30	On some dies it is merely
31	Die breaks below the eye and elsewhere, not present on 340, establish the sequence.
32	A die break on the helmet crest to upper left, not visible on 374, proves the order of emission.
33	Outer brackets are drachm links, inner ones are stater transfers.
34	M. Thompson (above, n. 14), p. 246.

CHRONOLOGY

There can be no doubt as to the contemporaneity of the first issue at Abydus and the coinage of Lampsacus, as attested by the transferred die and the identical representation of the ungainly spread-lap Zeus of the tetradrachm. The Lampsacene striking is dated ca. 325 B.C. and associated with Alexander’s decision to disband the mercenaries and send them home with their pay withheld, in part at least, until their arrival.34 Lampsacus as a logical debarcation point would have needed a substantial amount of coinage to meet the demand, more it seems than even its greatly increased activity could supply. A newly opened mint at neighboring Abydus was provided with a stater die from Lampsacus and its tetradrachm dies may have come from the hand of a Lampsacene engraver.

The date of 325 for the beginning of the Abydus coinage is supported by the evidence of the crucial Asia Minor 1964 Hoard.35 It contained 32 drachms of Abydus: 8 with Hermes, 20 with Pegasus forepart, 3 with palm tree, and 1 with ΔΥ (the last four from an obverse die carried over from the Pegasus issue). All coins are in excellent condition and could have circulated for only a short time before burial ca. 321 B.C. The Saida Hoard was probably buried at about the same time but there is no definitive record of its contents. It is said to have included examples of the first two issues of Abydus.

After two emissions with only the name of Alexander, Philip II staters appear and continue to be struck for an additional seven issues, apparently in an attempt to strengthen the validity of Philip Arrhidaeus’s claim to the throne. Toward the end of the joint regency there are also staters of Alexander type inscribed ΦIΛIΠΠOY. Eleven series are involved but only four or five are substantial strikings. The first two issues would immediately precede Alexander’s death and the last two probably cover two full years immediately preceding the assassination of Philip III. During the interval one assumes that the remaining seven issues were emitted as coinage was needed rather than on an annual basis.

Despite the die linkage between Series XI and XII, I believe that the two issues were separated by about six years. The death of Philip III ushered in a period of uncertainty during which there was no central authority and hence no monetary direction. This ended at Lampsacus and Sardes when Antigonus gained firm control ca. 310 B.C. and at that time coinage resumed. The tetradrachm, heretofore a rare denomination, reappeared and different secondary controls were adopted.

Although it cannot be proved, it is logical to suppose that the overall situation affected Abydus as well as neighboring Lampsacus. Here, too, one notes a revival of tetradrachm coinage with Series XII and new symbols supplementing the major control marks of this and subsequent issues. The die linked sequence of Series XV-XX points to continuous production from ca. 307 to the time of Lysimachus and it is highly probable that Series XII-XIV, although not linked to the later issues, belong with them, filling the gap between 310 and 307.

It is easy to postulate what happened. After Series XI had been struck there were still at least three dies (173-75) in good condition, too good to be discarded. These were stored against future needs and when restriking did resume, they were used for Series XII. One stater die (173) soon wore out and its reverse was transferred to 174, which was still capable of producing the few staters of Series XIII.

In the summer of 302 Lysimachus crossed the Hellespont, landing near Lampsacus which threw open its gates without resistance (Diod. 20.107). The powerful fortress of Abydus was besieged but held out, defended as it was by Antigonid troops and supported by the presence of Demetrius’s fleet. It was only after Ipsus that Lysimachus was able to gain control of the city and use its mint for his own coinage, die linked to that of the last issue of Abydus in the present catalogue.

The chronological sequence is as follows:

I: Hermes	325/4
II: Pegasus protome	324/3
III: Palm tree	323/2 To 320/19
IV: ΔY
V:
VI:
VII: , star
VIII: Horse’s leg
IX : Grain ear
X:	319/8
XI: , pentagram	318/7
XII: Male head	310/9
XIII: Lion	309/8
XIV:	308/7
XV:	307/6
XVI:	306/5
XVII: , pentagram	305/4
XVIII:	304/3
XIX:	303/2
XX: M in wreath	302/1

End Notes

35	IGCH 1437, see below “Hoards,” p.67.

HOARDS

Hoards of gold and of silver have been separated and are presented here in roughly chronological order of burial. Whenever possible their contents are associated with coins as enumerated in the catalogues of Lampsacus and Abydus. The descriptions and references included in IGCH and Sardes and Miletus are normally not repeated.

ALPHABETICAL LISTING
	Page
GOLD HOARDS
Anadol	70
Asia Minor 1964	68
Eskişehir	69
Gildàu	68
Greece 1912-13	68
Jasna Poljana	68
Larnaca	69
Lergu	68
Maeander Valley	70
Malko Topolovo	70
Mărăşeşti	71
N. Greece	70
Paeonia	69
Saida	67
SILVER HOARDS
Abu Hommos	72
Aleppo	73
Aphrodisias	74
Armenak	77
Asia Minor before 1951	74
Asia Minor ca. 1960	73
Asia Minor 1961	73, 77
Asia Minor 1964	71, 72
Asia Minor 1967	75
Asia Minor 1968	72
Cavalla	77
Corinth 1938	76
Demanhur	72
Egypt 1894	72
Egypt 1912	72
Epidaurus	75
Gordion	75
Izmit	72
Katò Paphos	73
Kuft	73
Lamia	74
Larissa	77
Megara	74
Mesopotamia ante 1920	75
Mosul 1862	74
Mosul 1917	76
Olympia	75
Phacous	74
Pontoleibade-Kilkis	75
Sinan Pascha	72, 77
Susa	76
Urfa	76
Yunak	73

GOLD HOARDS

Saida: IGCH 1508; Sardes and Miletus, p. 71

Lampsacus

Foreparts of horses,

Abydus

Hermes,

Forepart of Pegasus,

Gildàu: IGCH 774; Sardes and Miletus, p. 72

Lampsacus

Foreparts of horses, , 96

Greece 1912-13: IGCH 776

The hoard consisted of Philip II staters, of which two issues are relevant.

Lampsacus

, serpent

Abydus

star, pedum

Jasna Poljana: IGCH 777; Sardes and Miletus, p. 74

Lampsacus

Foreparts of horses, , 89

Abydus

horse’s leg, 136

, serpent, 139d

pentagram, cornucopia 169b

Asia Minor 1964: IGCH 1441; Sardes and Miletus, p. 73

Lampsacus

, head, 116e

,, 183b, 185

Abydus

Hermes, , 2

, star, 105a

, serpent, 139b

, pentagram, cornucopia, 162, 163, 166

, pentagram, serpent, 167

Lergu: IGCH 800

Lampsacus

Horses, , 106a

, head, 110c

, serpent, 126a

, serpent, 167

, , 168

, , 177

Abydus

ΔY, horse’s leg, 71

Grain, , 126b

Grain, , 127b, 129b

Eskişehir: IGCH 1396

This unusual hoard, found at the site of ancient Dorylaeum, consisted of ca. 80 staters, of which all but two were minted at Abydus.

1 Philip II , 96

1 Philip II Grain,

2 Alexander Grain, , 128a

1 Philip serpent

6 Philip III , serpent, 142a

35 Philip III , cornucopia 142c

16 Philip III [ omitted], cornucopia alone, 142d, 143

All 58 Philip III staters listed here belong to the issue of 319/8 B.C.; the four earlier coins can be dated to the preceding two years. Presumably this was part of a single large shipment of gold sent to Dorylaeum ca. 317 B.C., probably at the behest of Antigonus who at that time controlled Hellespontine Phrygia, and buried shortly thereafter.

Paeonia: IGCH 410; Sardes and Miletus, p. 73

Many of the Lampsacus and Abydus coins in the Sotheby, Apr. 16, 1969, and Parke-Bernet, Dec. 9, 1969, sales can be associated with entries in the present catalogue.

Lampsacus

3 Foreparts of horses, , 85b, 91b, 103c

1 , head

2 , serpent, 126c

Abydus

1 Hermes, , la

1 Palm tree, , 61b

2 Grain, , fulmen, 126a

2 , pentagram, serpent, 157

Larnaca: IGCH 1472; Sardes and Miletus, p. 75

On the basis of Martin Price’s listing (“Greek Coin Hoards in the British Museum,’’ NC 1969, pp. 4-8) the chronological sequence is as follows:

Lampsacus

, serpent

Forepart of Pegasus, AI

(Price’s stater 19 with and spearhead is not Lampsacus)

Abydus

Forepart of Pegasus,

, star, 104a

Horse’s leg, chelys

Grain, , fulmen

Grain,

, horse’s leg

, cornucopia

, pentagram, cornucopia

, cornucopia

, shell

N. Greece: IGCH 801; Sardes and Miletus, p. 76

Lampsacus

Foreparts of horses, , 86b, 101 (two coins), 103a and c

, head, 116a

, serpent, 122b

Serpent, 158

, , 188, 195b, 197b

Abydus

, star, pedum, 102b

, cornucopia, 147

, pentagram, cornucopia, 169b

, pentagram, shell, 335b, 337

, pentagram, cornucopia, 340b

, cornucopia, 343b, 343c

, shell, 364, 369b

Malko Topolovo: IGCH 853; Sardes and Miletus, p. 79

Lampsacus

Foreparts of horses, , 106b

, head, 113a

, , 182c

Abydus

, pentagram, cornucopia, 338a

, shell, 345

, shell, 361, 370b

Maeander Valley: IGCH 1294

Two Abydus staters from this late hoard can be identified with catalogue entries.

, horse’s leg, 89b

Grain, , 127a

Anadol: IGCH 866; Sardes and Miletus, p. 79

The following entries in the present catalogue can be linked with this hoard on the basis of Pridik’s illustrations:

Lampsacus

Foreparts of horses, , 87, Pridik 74

. serpent, 126b, Pridik 10

. . 175a. Pridik 9

, , 196, Pridik 229

, 202, Pridik 228

Amphora, ?, Pridik 247

Forepart of Pegasus, , 438, Pridik 250

Abydus

Grain, , 130a, Pridik 237

, serpent, 137b, Pridik 8

, serpent, 139e, Pridik 6

, pentagram, serpent, 173b, 328a, Pridik 5, 65

, pentagram, cornucopia, 334, Pridik 59

, griffin’s head, 348a, Pridik 50

, shell, 369a, Pridik 67

, A , 373a, Pridik 583

Mărăşeşti: IGCH 958; Sardes and Miletus, p. 79

Eight staters of Lampsacus and nine of Abydus are listed by Poenaru Bordea. Most can be linked with the present catalogue.

Lampsacus

Foreparts of horses, , Poenaru Bordea 21 (not illus.)

,, 188

, , 195a, 197b

, 200

Kl, M, 287

Forepart of Pegasus, , 437, Poenaru Bordea 27 (not illus.)

Abydus

, pentagram, cornucopia, 160a, 340a and b

, cornucopia, 367b

M in wreath, cornucopia, 397a (two examples)

M in wreath, griffin’s head, 398

Forepart of lion, , griffin’s head, Poenaru Bordea 19-20 (not illus.)

SILVER HOARDS

Asia Minor 1964: IGCH 1437; Sardes and Miletus, p. 81

Lampsacus

2 Club, 60a-60b

4 , 54a, 62, 69, 82b

4 , 127 (2), 128d, 137

Abydus

8 Hermes, 8b, llc-d, 12a, 13, 14b, 18b, 20a

20 Forepart of Pegasus, 31a, 32a, 37a (2), 38, 40 (2), 42, 43 (3), 48a, 50 (2), 51b (2), 52a, 58 (2), 60a

3 Palm tree, 64a, 67, 68

1 ΔY, 77a

Asia Minor 1964: IGCH 1438

This large hoard, now dispersed, contained one tetradrachm of Lampsacus (Caduceus, Ꜹ) and two of Abydus (no details).

Asia Minor 1968: IGCH 1440

Another large hoard, very similar in composition to the one preceding, contained two tetradrachms of Lampsacus (Caduceus, Demeter, ).

Demanhur: IGCH 1664; Sardes and Miletus, p. 85

Lampsacus

Caduceus, 3

Club, 5a

Demeter, , 23a, 27, 28d, 31c, 32d, 33, 37a-c, 38a, 40a, 42b-d

Abydus

Hermes, 5b, 6

Palm tree, 63

Sinan Pascha: IGCH 1395; Sardes and Miletus, p. 86

See Hoard Chart, p. 77.

Izmit: IGCH 1365; Sardes and Miletus, p. 96

Abydus

Hemidrachm: Grain leaf, 135

Abu Hommos: IGCH 1667; Sardes and Miletus, p. 89

Lampsacus

Demeter, , 25a, 29e, 32c, 37c, 38b, 42d

The IGCH cites two tetradrachms of Lampsacus but six in the ANS trays are labelled “Abu Hommos.”

Egypt 1894: IGCH 1669; Sardes and Miletus, p. 95

Lampsacus

Demeter, , see line drawing, E. D. J. Datilh, “Notes sur les tétradrachms d’Alexandre III le grand que l'on trouve en Égypte,” Annuaire de la Société française de Numismatique 19 (1895), p. 87.

Egypt 1912: IGCH 1668

Lampsacus

2 Demeter,

Aleppo: IGCH 1516; Sardes and Miletus, p. 92

Lampsacus

Tetradrachms: Caduceus, Ꜹ	Drachms: Demeter (no )
3 Demeter,
	. and Al
	, ⊙
	Amphora, H
	Mouse
	Forepart of Pegasus, Al and AA

Abydus

Tetradrachms: Palm tree,	Drachms: Grain, , horse’s leg
Head,	Head, leaf
	, satrap’s head

Newell’s suggested burial date is ca. 305 B.C. but, as noted in Sardes and Miletus, there are coins from Lampsacus, Abydus, and Sardes which indicate that the deposit was interred ca. 300 at the earliest and probably a few years later.

Kuft: IGCH 1670; Sardes and Miletus, p. 89

Lampsacus

Demeter,

Abydus

Hermes, 4

Katô Paphos: IGCH 1471; Sardes and Miletus, p. 95

Lampsacus

Mouse,

The burial date in IGCH is given as ca. 305 B.C. If the second Lampsacus drachm was struck ca. 305/4, interment ca. 300 is more likely.

Asia Minor 1961: IGCH 1444; Sardes and Miletus, p. 90

See the Hoard Chart, p. 77.

Other hoards laid away ca. 300 (Yunak through Aphrodisias) have a few identifiable coins of Lampsacus and Abydus.

Yunak: IGCH 1397

Lampsacus

Drachm with Demeter,

Asia Minor ca. 1960: IGCH 1422

Abydus

Tetradrachm, head,

Mosul 1862: IGCH 1756; Sardes and Miletus, p. 92

Abydus

Tetradrachm, head,

Phacous: IGCH 1678; Sardes and Miletus, p. 91

Lampsacus

Tetradrachm with Demeter, .

Lamia: IGCH 93

Lampsacus

2 drachms, star in 1. field and forepart of Pegasus, Price’s burial date is ca. 310-300, but even 300 B.C. seems a little early. The Pegasus issue is die linked with the first striking of Lysimachus at Lampsacus, which can scarcely predate 301/300.

Aphrodisias: IGCH 1283; Sardes and Miletus, p. 96

Abydus

Drachm from the , leaf issue of 303/2. Burial before 300 B.C. is unlikely.

Asia Minor before 1951: IGCH 1445; Sardes and Miletus, p. 94

Lampsacus

2 Kl

Forepart of Pegasus, Artemis

⌈E, forepart of lion

Abydus

, horse’s leg

Megara: IGCH 137; Sardes and Miletus, p. 93

Lampsacus

Kl,

Amphora

Amphora, H

Amphora, ⊙

Mouse,

Mouse

Forepart of Pegasus, Al

Forepart of Pegasus,

Abydus

Forepart of Pegasus,

Horse’s leg, owl

, leaf, caduceus

, I

, cornucopia

Asia Minor 1967: IGCH 1446; Sardes and Miletus, p. 96

Lampsacus

Kl,

Amphora,

2 Forepart of Pegasus, Artemis

Forepart of Pegasus, Al

Forepart of lion and dolphin,

Abydus

Lion, leaf

, I

Forepart of lion, , griffin’s head (?)

Gordion: IGCH 1401; Sardes and Miletus, p. 97

Lampsacus

Demeter,

6 Kl, M or

Amphora, ⊙

Mouse,

Forepart of Pegasus, AΛ

Abydus

, leaf

, griffin’s head

, leaf

Pontoleibade-Kilkis: IGCH 445; Sardes and Miletus, p. 96

Lampsacus

1 tetradrachm Kl, , illus., Iréne Varoucha-Christodoulopoulou, “Acquisitions du Musée Numismatique d’Athène,’’ BCH 86 (1962), pp. 417-29, pl. 10, 5.

Epidaurus: IGCH 158; Sardes and Miletus, p. 96

Lampsacus

1 drachm Kl, M, 317

Olympia: IGCH 176; Sardes and Miletus, p. 97

Lampsacus

1 drachm forepart of Pegasus, , 515b

Mesopotamia ante 1920: IGCH 1764; Sardes and Miletus, p. 97

Lampsacus

, Artemis, 269d

Amphora, , 379a

Forepart of Pegasus, , 504

Abydus

, star

Lion, leaf, 210b

, leaf, 249a

, I, 239

Corinth 1938: IGCH 187; Sardes and Miletus, p. 97

Lampsacus

, 43b

, 133e

237b, 282

Amphora, 388

Forepart of Pegasus, 445b, 469a

Abydus

Male head, 182b

, 219a, 265

, 275, 279

, 307b

, 388b

Susa: IGCH 1799; Sardes and Miletus, p. 97

Lampsacus

KI,

Amphora,

Forepart of Pegasus, AΛ

2 Forepart of Pegasus,

Abydus

2 Lion, leaf

2 , leaf

Mosul 1917: IGCH 1768; Sardes and Miletus, p. 97

Lampsacus

Mouse, 419a

Forepart of Pegasus, Al, 470

Forepart of Pegasus, , 500

Abydus

Hermes, , 29b

Male head, leaf, 186a

, 294

, 319

, satrap’s head, 359c

Urfa: IGCH 1772

Abydus

, 314

HOARD CHART

Drachms of Lampsacus and Abydus from the third-century hoards of Cavalla ( IGCH 450), Larissa ( IGCH 168), and Armenak ( IGCH 1423) are listed in the Hoard Chart which follows. Publication data for the first and second are given in Sardes and Miletus, p. 97. For the third, see M. Thompson, “The Armenak Hoard ( IGCH 1423),“ ANSMN 31 (1986), pp. 63-106. Armenak coins seen and recorded by Newell but not purchased are indicated in parentheses.

Lampsacus Drachms
	Sinan	Cavalla	Larissa	Armenak	Asia Minor 1961
I. Caduceus	1
II. Club	1	1
III. Sword	2			(1)
IV. Star	2
V.	30	1	4	1(12)
VI.	15	2	1	3(3)	1
VII. Serpent	2	1		1
VIII.	1
IX.	7	9	13	13(18)	5
X. Kl		16	15	12(32)	4
XI.		1		1
XII.		1	1	2(7)
XIII. Amphora		2	5	1 (15)	3
XIV. Mouse 1		4		9(4)	1
XV. Herm
XVI. Mouse 2		2	2	3(6)
XVII. Bird
XVIII. Pegasus		10	18	14 (38)	24
Lysimachus			3	4
	61	50	62	64(136)	38

Abydus Drachms
	Sinan	Cavalla	Larissa	Armenak	Asia Minor 1961
I. Hermes	12	2	1	2(8)	1
II. Fpt. Pegasus	25	1	1	1(8)
III. Palm tree				1(1)
IV. ΔY	4	1		2
V.	5		1	1(2)
VI.
VII. star	2			1
VIII. Horse’s leg	2		2	1
IX. Grain	2
X.		1			1
XI. pentagram
XII. Male head		2	3	2(4)	5
XIII. Lion			1	2(4)	1
XIV.		16	18	15(28)
XV.		3	2	7	4
XVI.		6	7	5(4)	28
XVII. pentagram
XVIII.		6	3	4(7)	41
XIX.		2	4	5(14)	4
XX. M in wreath				1(1)	1
Lysimachus		2	2	1	1
	52	42	45	51 (81)	87