Coins from the excavations at Curium, 1932-1953

Author
Cox, Dorothy Hannah, 1893-
Series
Numismatic Notes and Monographs
Publisher
American Numismatic Society
Place
New York
Date
Source
Donum
Source
Worldcat
Source
Worldcat Works

License

CC BY-NC

Acknowledgement

Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program.

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Table of Contents

FRONT

BODY

CATALOGUE OF COINS

CYPRUS

TIME OF EUAGORAS I, c. 411-374/3 b.c. (23)

Curium

*1 c. 390–386 B.C. Circular shield / Lion's scalp 14, 15 mm. Im.-Bl. MG, p. 300, 155 Plate I 2
*2 c. 386–373 B.C. Head of Apollo r. / Forepart of stag 16 mm. unpublished (?) Plate I 5
*3 c. 386–373 B.C. Head of Apollo r. / Similar 10–13 mm. unpublished (?) Plate I 16

EUAGORAS II, c. 368–351 b.c. (36)

Curium

*4 c. 368–351 B.C. Head of Apollo 3/4 l. / Lyre 12–14 mm. NC, 1926, p. 127, 15 Plate I 19
*5 c. 368–351 B.C. Similar / Mare r. suckling foal 15–17 mm. BMC Cyprus , p. cvii, note 3 Plate I 17

ALEXANDER THE GREAT and later (58)

Uncertain mint

*6 c. 332–316 B.C. Heracles' head r. / Zeus seated l. 1
image. tetradr. (half, plated).

Curium(?)

*7 c. 332–316 B.C. Similar / Bow in case and club; symbol, laurel branch 2
19–21 mm. unpublished (?) Plate I
8 c. 332–316 B.C. Similar / Similar; same symbol 20
15–18 mm. unpublished (?) Plate I

Uncertain mint

7a c. 332–316 B.C. Similar / Similar; symbol obscure 4
19–21 mm.
8a c. 332–316 B.C. Similar / Similar; symbol obscure 11
15–18 mm.
9 c. 332–316 B.C. Similar / Similar; symbol obscure 6
10–12 mm.

Paphos

10 c. 332–316 B.C. Similar / Similar: image below 17 mm. NC, 1915, p. 318, 9 2

Salamis

11 c. 332–316 B.C. Similar / Club, bow and quiver; ΣΑ above 2
16, 17 mm. BMC Cyprus , p. 65, 87

Tarsus, Cilicia

12 c. 332–316 B.C. Similar / Similar; caduceus and ⊙ above 1
20 mm. AJN, 1918, p. 108, 61

Uncertain mint

13 c. 332–316 B.C. Similar / Type indeterminate 16–18 mm. 9

ANTIGONUS I, c. 316–301 b.c. (29)

Salamis

*14 c. 316–311 B.C. Macedonian shield / Macedonian helmet; monogram image 10
15–17 mm. Newell, C of D.P., p. 18
*15 c. 306–301 (?) B.C. Similar / Similar; monogram image 17 mm. ibid. Plate I 3
16 c. 306–301 (?) B.C. Similar / Similar; monogram image 14 mm. ibid. 1
17 c. 316–301 (?) B.C. Similar / Similar; illegible monogram 15–17 mm. 15

DEMETRIUS POLIORCETES, c. 300 (?)–295 b.c. (31)

Salamis

*18 c. 300–295 B.C. Helmeted head r. / Prow r.; image below 13
15–17 mm. ibid. p. 25, 20 Plate I

Uncertain mint

18a c. 300–295 B.C. Similar / Similar; illegible 16
15–17 mm.

Tarsus (?)

*19 c. 298–295 B.C. Similar / Similar; illegible 1
12 mm. cf. ibid. p. 50, 40

Uncertain mint

*20 c. 306–295 B.C. Anchor / Bipennis 1
14 mm. NC, 1926, p. 127, 16

CITIES IN CYPRUS

SALAMIS (3)

Euagoras II, c. 368–351 B.C.

21 Lion walking r. / Horse stg. l. 15mm. BMC Cyprus , p. 60, 69ff. 1
22 Head of Athena l. / Prow l.; illegible 1
14 mm. BMC Cyprus , p. 61, 74

Nicocreon, c. 331–310 b.c.

23 Head of Aphrodite r., image in field, Rev: Head of Apollo l.; B A in field, 1
image didr. BMC Cyprus , p. 64, 85 Plate I

MARIUM (2)

Stasioikos II, 330–312 B.C.

24 Head of Aphrodite r., / Thunder bolt; illegible 1
13, 15 mm. cf. Im.-Bl. MG, p. 379, 87 Plate I

PAPHOS (8)

Second half of Fifth Century

25 Bull l.; solar disc above 1
rev: Eagle flying l. in incuse square
image diobol BMC Cyprus , p. 41, 41
26 c. 350–332 B.C. Head of Aphrodite l. / Dove r.; illegible 2
16, 19 mm. BMC Cyprus , p. 44, 48
27 c. 350–332 B.C. Head of Aphrodite l. wearing high crown 1
rev: Dove r.; star above; to r. image C't'm rose
16mm. BMC Cyprus , p. lxxviii, ii, Plate I
28 c. 350–332 B.C. Similar / rose 4
11, 12 mm. BMC Cyprus , p. 44. 49, Plate I

PTOLEMY I (Soter), 323–285 b.c. (43)

Egypt

*29 c. 312–305 B.C. Head of Alexander r. Α]ΛΕimageΑΝΔΡΟΙΥ Athena stg. r. 1
image drachm. (plated) cf. Sv. 43 Plate II
30 c. 312–305 B.C. Head of Alexander r. in horned diadem 1
rev: ΑΛΕ Eagle stg. l. on thunderbolt
11 mm. Sv. 52

Cyprus

*31 311–305 B.C. Head of Aphrodite r. in high headdress 6
rev: ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ eagle stg. l. on thunderbolt
20 mm. Sv. 74
*32 311–305 B.C. Similar / Similar; in l. field, image (?) 20 mm. cf. Sv. 76 1
*33 311–305 B.C. Similar / Similar; in l. field, image 19 mm. Unpublished (?) Plate II 1
*34 311–305 B.C. Similar / Similar; wreath in l. field 1
21 mm. Sv. 78
*35 311–305 B.C. Head of Aphrodite r.; bound by taenia 2
rev: Similar; wreath in l. field
16, 17 mm. Sv. 80
35a 311–305 B.C. Similar / Similar; illegible 10
16, 17 mm. cf. Sv. 79ff.

Egypt

36 305–285 B.C. Head of Soter r., diademed 1
rev: ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ
Eagle l. on thunderbolt; in l. field, image
image tetradrachm, 13.59 gms. Sv. 205 Plate II

Cyprus

*37 c. 295–291 B.C. Head of Alexander r. wearing horned diad. 2
rev: ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ Similar; aplustre above helmet
18, 20 mm. Sv. 172 Plate II
*38 c. 295–291 B.C. Similar / Similar; aplustre above ΔΙ 1
18 mm. Sv. 157
*39 c. 295–291 B.C. Similar / Similar; image above helmet 1
18 mm. Sv. 163
40 c. 295–291 B.C. Similar / Similar; illegible 17 mm. cf. Sv. 172 1
*41 c. 290–285 B.C. Head of Zeus r., laureate 2
rev: ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣIΛΕΩΣ Similar; image / image in field 29, 28 mm. Sv. 292
*42 c. 290–285 B.C. Similar / Similar; in field, image / image 1
27 mm. Sv. 293
*43 c. 290–285 B.C. Similar / Similar; in field, image / Σ 1
28 mm. Sv. 300 Plate II
43a c. 290–285 B.C. Similar / Similar; illegible 1
27 mm. cf. Sv. 289ff.
*44 c. 290–285 B.C. Alexander's head in elephant's scalp r. / Similar; in field, Σ 1
20 mm. Sv. 215
*45 c. 290–285 B.C. Similar / Similar; in field, image 2
20, 22 mm. Sv. 220
*46 c. 290–285 B.C. Similar / Similar; in field, X 1
19 mm. cf. Sv. 235 Plate II
46a c. 290–285 B.C. Similar / Similar; illegible 19, 20 mm. cf. Sv. 215 ff. 2
*47 c. 290–285 B.C. Head of Alexander r., diad. / Similar; in field, image 1
15 mm. Sv. 239
*48 c. 290–285 B.C. Similar / Similar; in field, Σ 1
17 mm. cf. Sv. 239 Plate II
*49 c. 290–285 B.C. Head of Ptolemy r., diad. / Similar; illegible 1
13 mm. cf. Sv. 216f.

PTOLEMY II (Philadelphus), 285–246 b.c. (53)

Egypt

*50 267–266 B.C. Head of Alexander r. / Eagle l.; Δ between legs 3
24 mm. Sv. 439
*51 267–266 B.C. Head of Ammon r. / Similar; Δ between legs 2
19, 20 mm. Sv. 441 Plate II
*52 266–265 B.C. Similar / Similar; E between legs 1
29 mm. Sv. 449
*53 263–262 B.C. Head of Alexander r. / Similar; ⊙ between legs 1
24 mm. Sv. 467
*54 256–255 B.C. Similar / Similar; O between legs 1
23 mm. cf. Sv. 493, 494
*55 256–255 B.C. Similar / Similar; O between legs 2
20 mm. cf. Sv. 493, 494
*56 253–252 B.C. Similar / Similar; P between legs 1
19 mm. Sv. 500

Cyprus

*57 285–266 B.C. Head of Zeus r. / Eagle l.; shield in l. field, image between legs. C't'm. trident 1
26 mm. Sv. 557
*58 285–284 B.C. Similar / Similar; date, A Both c't'm. trident 2
29 mm. Sv. 560
*59 282–281 B.C. Similar / Similar; image below shield; date, Δ C't'm. trident 1
27 mm. Sv. 563 Plate II
*60 281–280 B.C. Similar / Similar; no monogram; date, E C't'm. trident 1
27 mm. Sv. 568
*61 278–277 B.C. Similar / Similar; image below shield; date, ⊙ C't'm. trident 1
27 mm. Sv. 572 Plate II
*62 277–276 B.C. Similar / Similar; no monogram; date I C't'm. trident 1
28 mm. Sv. 576
*63 275–274 B.C. Similar / Similar; image below shield; date Λ C't'm. trident 1
26 mm. Sv. 581
*64 269–268 B.C. Similar / Similar; no monogram; date, P 1
29 mm. Sv. 593
*65 267–266 b.c. or 265–264 b.c. Similar / Similar; no monogram; between legs, image All c't'm. trident 3
29, 28 mm. Sv. 553 Plate II
66 285–266 B.C. Similar / Similar; illegible. Four c't'm. trident 6
28, 27 mm.
67 285–266 B.C. Head of Alexander r. / Similar; shield, no monogram, no date 1
21 mm. Sv. 601
68 285–266 B.C. Similar / Similar; illegible 1
19 mm. cf. Sv. 601
*69 285–266 B.C. Similar / Similar; in l. field, EY/image Two c't'm. trident 9
19, 20 mm. Sv. 363
*70 285–266 B.C. Similar / Similar; but EY/KI/image 3
20 mm. Sv. 377 Plate II
*71 285–266 B.C. Similar / Similar; but ΣΤ/ΚΙ/image One c't'm. trident 2
20 mm. Sv. 379
71a 285–266 B.C. Similar / Similar; illegible. One c't'm. trident 2
20 mm.
72 285–266 B.C. Head of Zeus r. / Similar, illegible 1
20 mm. cf. Sv. 385

Tyre

*73 285–266 B.C. Head of Alexander r. / Eagle stg. l.; at l., club above image 2
15 mm. Sv. 630 Plate II
*74 285–266 B.C. Similar/Similar but Π above club 1
15 mm. Sv. 641
*75 285–266 B.C. Similar / Similar; Σ above club 1
15 mm. Sv. 642
*76 271–246 B.C. Head of Ammon r. / Similar; club in l. field 1
30 mm. Sv. 707

Sidon (?)

*77 c. 250–240 B.C. Head of Ammon r. / Eagle l. on thunderbolt; cornucopiae in l. field; illegible 1
37 mm. cf. Sv. Pl. XXII, 12, 13, 759
78 c. 250–240 B.C. Head of Zeus r. laur. / Eagle l., cornucopiae on shoulder; same symbol 1
31 mm. Sv. 760
79 c. 250–240 B.C. Similar / Eagle with open wings; same symbol, illegible 1
25 mm. Sv. 761

PTOLEMY III (Euergetes) 246–221 b.c. (7)

Cyprus

*80 246–221 B.C. Head of Ammon r. / statue of Aphrodite 1
27 mm. Sv. 1006
81 246–221 B.C. Similar / Similar 3
19, 20 mm. Sv. 1007
82 246–221 B.C. Similar / Similar 1
15 mm. Sv. 1008, 9 Plate III

Phoenicia

83 246–221 B.C. Bust of Berenike r., illegible / 1
Eagle l., illegible
17 mm. Sv. 1056

Uncertain mint

84 246–221 B.C. Head of Ammon r. / Eagle l.; in field, cornucopiae 1
27 mm. Sv. 1004

PTOLEMY IV (Philopater) 221–204 b.c. (33)

Cyprus

*85 221–204 B.C. Head of Arsinoë r. / Double cornucopiae 32
10–14 mm· Sv. 1160 Plate III
*86 221–204 B.C. Head of Ammon r., K behind / Eagle l., wings closed; illegible 1
30 mm. Sv. 1193

PTOLEMY V (Epiphanes) 204–181 b.c. (8)

Cyprus

*87 204–181 B.C. Head of Ammon r. / Similar; lotus in l. field 1
26 mm. BMC Pt. p. 70, 28; Sv. 841
88 204–181 B.C. Similar / Similar 2
20 mm. ibid. No. 30; Sv. 842 Plate III
89 204–181 B.C. Similar / Similar 5
17 mm. ibid. No. 31f.; Sv. 843
Plate III

PTOLEMY VI (Philometor) 181–146 b.c. (29)

Paphos

90 c. 181–174 B.C. ΒΑΣΙΛΙΣΗΣ ΚΛΕΟΠΑΤΡΑΣ Head of Isis r. 1
rev.: ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ Eagle l., cornucopiae over shoulder; in field, image
16 mm. Sv. 1382
91 c. 173–146 B.C. Head of Ammon r. / Eagle l., no cornucopiae; lotus in field 1
44 mm. Sv. 1403 Plate III
*92 c. 173–146 B.C. Similar / Similar; lotus in field, Σ between legs 1
45 mm. Sv. 1412 Plate III
*93 c. 173–146 B.C. Similar / Similar; ΣΕ between legs 1
37 mm. Sv. 1414
94 c. 173–146 B.C. Similar / Similar; scepter over l. shoulder 1
27 mm. Sv. 1406
*95 c. 173–146 B.C. Similar / Similar; but no scepter 6
21, 22 mm. Sv. 1407
*96 c. 173–146 B.C. Similar / Similar 18
16–18 mm. Sv. 1408 Plate III

PTOLEMY VI and PTOLEMY VIII , 168–163 b.c. (8)

Cyprus

97 168–163 B.C. Similar / two eagles stg. l.; cornucopiae in l. field 1
25 mm. Sv. 1425
98 168–163 B.C. Similar / Similar 7
19–21 mm. Sv. 1426 Plate IV

PTOLEMY VI, VIII or IX, 181–116 b.c. (1)

Cyprus

*99 181–163 B.C. Head of youthful Dionysus r. / Eagle l. 1
image didrachm cf. Sv. 1800 β

PTOLEMY VIII (Euergetes II) 170–116 b.c. (25)

Salamis

100 129 B.C. Head of Ptolemy I r. / Eagle l. holds sceptre; LMA ΣΑ in field 1
image tetradrachm Sv. 1554

Paphos

*101 144 B.C. Head of Ammon r. / Eagle l.; LKϚ above lotus 1
25 mm. Sv. 1621
102 143 B.C. Similar / Similar; but, LKI 1
24 mm. Sv. 1622
103 142 B.C. Similar / Similar; to l., LKH over lotus, to r. cap with strings 1
24 mm. Sv. 1624 Plate IV
104 136 B.C. Similar / Similar; to l., LΛΔ over lotus 1
23 mm. Sv. 1629
105 135 B.C. Similar / Similar; LΛE over lotus 1
25 mm. Sv. 1630
105a 135 B.C. Similar / Similar; date illegible 24, 25 mm. cf. Sv. 1621ff. 6
*106 c. 139–130 B.C. Similar / Similar; but sceptre over shoulder 2
38 mm. Sv. 1636
*107 c. 139–130 B.C. Similar / Similar; no sceptre, no date, lotus in field 8
14–16 mm. Sv. 1639, 1705

Cyprus, uncertain mint

*108 Similar / Similar; crested helmet in l. field (one double struck) 2
31 mm. Sv. 1635 Plate IV
*109 c. 120–116 B.C. Similar / E ΥΕΡΓΕ Eagle l. II mm. Sv. 1656 1

PTOLEMY X (Soter II) 116 –80 b.c. (38)

PTOLEMY XI (Alexander I) 114–88 B.C.

Paphos

*110 c. 114–80 B.C. Head of Ammon r. / two eagles l.; in l. field, eagle stg. l. 1
38 mm. Sv. 1695

Paphos

111 c. 114–80 B.C. Similar / Similar; in l. field, cornucopiae 10
19, 20 mm. Sv. 1698 Plate IV
111a c. 114–80 B.C. Similar / Similar; symbol illegible 5
19-22 mm. cf. Sv. 1698
112 c. 114–80 B.C. Similar / Similar; in field, wreath 1
23 mm. Sv. 1702
113 c. 114–80 B.C. Similar / Similar; no symbol 2
30, 31 mm. Sv. 1712
114 c. 114–80 B.C. Similar / One eagle; symbol missing or illegible 8
11–16 mm. Sv. 1715, 1716 Plate V

Paphos

115 112–111 B.C. Head of Ptolemy Soter r. 1
rev: ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ Eagle with closed wings l.; at l. LΓ above cap with strings; at r., ΠΑ
image tetradrachm Sv. 1744
*116 114-80 B.C. Head of Ammon r. / Eagle l.; in field, star above Δ 1
24 mm. Sv. 1706
*117 114–80 B.C Similar / Similar; in l. field, star above T 3
23–24 mm. Sv. 1711 Plate IV
*118 114–80 B.C. Similar; star at r. / two eagles stg. l., scepter over shoulders 1
27 mm. unpublished (?) Plate IV
*119 114–80 B.C. Similar / Similar; cap with strings in l. field 5
18–24 mm. unpublished (?) Plate IV

PTOLEMY XIII (Neos Dionysos), 80–58 b.c. and 55–51 b.c. (14)

Cyprus

*120 80–58 B.C. Head of Ammon r. / Eagle l.; aplustre in l. field 10
22–30 mm. Sv. 1813 Plate IV
*121 80–58 B.C. Similar / Similar; cornucopiae in l. field 4
24–26 mm. Sv. 1814 Plate IV

CLEOPATRA VII and PTOLEMY XIV, XV and XVI, 51–30 b.c. (31)

Cyprus

*122 51–30 B.C. Head of Ammon r. / two eagles l.; in l. field, headdress of Isis 23–25 mm. Sv. 1843 18
*123 51–30 B.C. Similar / Similar; but headdress above image 23–26 mm. Sv. 1842 Plate V 8
*124 51–30 B.C. Similar / Eagle stg. l., palm over shoulder; at r., image 26–28 mm. Sv. 1875 Plate V 5

Barbarous Imitations, Ptolemy X and Later (33) Cyprus

125 First Century b.c. Similar / two eagles stg. l.; cornucopiae in l. field 1
31 mm.
126 First Century b.c. Similar / Eagle stg. l. 1
22 mm. cf. Sv. 1918
127 First Century b.c. Similar / Similar 1
16 mm. cf. Sv. 1919
127a Unidentified Ptolemaic 30

From Ptolemaic Times

*128 c. Second Head of Zeus r., laur. 21
Century b.c. rev: Zeus stg. l., in r. one or two ears of grain, in l. sceptre; star above head.
14–18 mm. BMC Cyprus , p. lxxxi, 2 Plate V

IMPERIAL TIMES

AUGUSTUS , 27 b.c.–14 a.d. (10)

*129 27 B.C. IMPCAES … Head r., bare / illeg. Nike l. 1
semis, 23 mm. BMC Cyprus , p. 73, 1
*130 22 B.C. Illeg. Head r., bare / illeg. Zeus Salaminios stg. l. 1
quadrans, 17 mm. ibid., p. 73, 4
*131 22 B.C. Capricorn, star above. / Scorpion, star at r. 1
16 mm. Hill, NC, 1917, p. 24

AUGUSTUS and CAIUS (7)

*132 5 B.C.–4 A.D. Head of Augustus r., laur. / Head of Caius r., bare 6
24, 25 mm. NC. 1924, p. 14, 25 a and 26
*132a 5 B.C.–4 A.D. Similar / Similar 1
24 mm. cf. ibid., p. 15, 27 Plate V

TIBERIUS , 14–37 a.d. (4)

133 c. 14–15 A.D. Head of Tiberius r., bare 3
rev: Head of Augustus r. rad.; star above, thunderbolt to r.
28 mm. BMC Cyprus , p. cxx, pl. xxvi, Plate V 1
134 c. 15–35 a.d. Head r., bare / Livia enthroned r. 1
24 mm. ibid. p. 74, 5f.

DRUSUS JULIUS CAESAR (1)

*135 22–23 a.d. Head r., bare / Zeus Salaminios and Temple of Aphrodite at Paphos 1
17 nun. cf. ibid. p. 74, 7, 8 Plate V

CLAUDIUS , 41–54 a.d. (4)

136 41–54 A.D. Head r., laur KOINON/KYΠPI /imageN in wreath 3
35, 36 mm. ibid. p. 75, 12f.
137 41–54 A.D. Similar /ΕΠΙ KOMINIOY ΠPOKΛOY…; in centre, ΚΥΠΡΙ / imageN 1
24 mm. ibid. p. 76, 16

TRAJAN , 98–117 a.d. (2)

138 112–117 A.D. Bust r., laur. 1
rev: ΔΗΜΑΡΧ ∈Ξ ΥΠΑΤΟC Temple of Aphrodite at Paphos
26 mm. ibid. p. 83, 40 Plate VI
139 112–117 A.D. Similar / Inscp. same. Zeus Salaminios stg. holds patera and sceptre. In ex., 1
KOINON ΚΥΠΡΙΟΝ
33 mm. ibid. p. 83, 39 Plate V

ANTONINUS PIUS and MARCUS AURELIUS , 140–161 a.d. (10)

*140 c. 140 A.D. Head of Pius r., laur. / Bust of Marcus r., head bare 8
25–33 mm. ibid. p. 84, 44ff. Plate VI
141 c. 140 A.D. Head of Pius r., laur. and rad. / Similar 2
27 mm. ibid. p. 85, 52f.

SEPTIMUS SEVERUS , 193–211 a.d. (1)

142 193–211 A.D. Bust r., laur. / Temple of Aphrodite at Paphos 1
21 mm. ibid. p. 85, 54

JULIA DOMNA , 193–217 a.d. (1)

143 193–217 A.D. Bust r. / Similar 1
30 mm. ibid. p. 86, 56f. Plate VI

ELAGABALUS , 218–222 a.d. (16)

*144 218–222 A.D. Head r., laur. / within wreath, Δ∈ above star 16
17–22 mm. BMC Galatia, p. 205, 447 ff. Plate VI

SEVERUS ALEXANDER , 222–235 a.d. (19)

*145 222–235 A.D. Head r., laur. / Similar 19
16–19 mm. Westholm, Soli, p. 100, 308 Plate VI

ELAGABALUS or SEVERUS ALEXANDER , 218–235 a.d. (21)

146 218–235 A.D. Head r. laur. illeg. / Similar 16–21 mm. 21

NON-CYPRIOTE GREEK COINS

MEGARA (1)

147 c. 307–243 B.C. Prow l. / ΜΕΓ two dolphins 15 mm. BMC Attica, p. 120, 21 1

CORINTH (1)

148 c. 387–307 B.C. Pegasus l. / Head of Athena r.; behind, N and aryballos 1
22 mm. (once plated) Ravel II, p. 262, 1058

PHENEUS , Arcadia (1)

*149 Caracalla, c. 202–205 a.d. Head r., laur. / Hades-Serapis seated l. Cerberus at his feet 1
22 mm. Im.-Bl. and Gardner, p. 98, 3 Numismatic Commentary on Pausanius, London 1887

SICYON (1)

150 c. 258–146 B.C. Head of Apollo r. / Dove flying l.; illegible 1
17 mm. cf. BMC Peloponnesus, p. 55, 234f.

NICOMEDIA , Bithynia (1)

151 Macrinus, Bust r. laur. / Pallas l. 1
217–218 A.D. 30 mm. BMC Pontus, p. 189, 55

CYZICUS , Mysia (4)

*152 c. 27 B.C.–98 A.D. Head of Apollo r. / Lyre; K Y in field 4
13, 14 mm. BMC Mysia, p. 41, 173f.

PERGAMUM (1)

Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus,

*153 161–169 A.D. Confronted heads laur. / Asclepius and Hygieia 33 mm. unpublished (?) Plate VI 1

ALEXANDRIA TROAS (1)

Caracalla ,

*154 211–217 A.D. Bust r., laur. / Apollo stg l. holds branch 26 mm. unpublished (?) Plate VI 1

MAGNESIA, Ionia (1)

Maximinus,

*155 235–238 a.d. Bust r., laur. / Asclepius seated beneath tree 1
30mm. unpublished (?) Plate VI

IASUS, Caria (1)

Antoninus Pius ,

*156 138–161 A.D. Head r., laur. / Zeus Serapis seated l. 1
34 mm. unpublished (?) Plate VII

COS, Caria (1)

157 c. 366–300 B.C. Heracles' head l. / Crab; club below, illegible 1
11 mm. cf. BMC Caria, p. 196, 25f. Plate VII

RHODES (1)

158 c. 333–304 B.C. Head of Rhodes r. / Rose, illegible 1
10 mm. BMC Caria, p. 238, 74ff.

ANTIOCH , Pisidia (1)

Caracalla ,

159 211–217 A.D. Head r., laur. / Tychel. holds branch and cornucopiae 1
22 mm. BMC Lycia, pp. 182f., 40–43

PERGE, Pamphylia (2)

160 Second-First Century B.C. Head of Artemis r. / Artemis stg. l. with stag 2
16 mm. ibid., p. 120, 6

SIDE, Pamphylia (2)

161 c. Third Century B.C. Head of Athena r. / Pomegranate 17 mm. ibid., p. 150, 59 1
Caracalla ,
*162 211–217 A.D. Head r., laur. / Atargatis on lion r. 1
24 mm. unpublished (?) Plate VII

SELGE, Pisidia (2)

163 Second-First Century b.c. Head of bearded Heracles r. / thunderbolt at l. 1
13 mm. cf. ibid. p. 261, 45ff. Plate VII
164 c. First Century B.C. Similar / thunderbolt and bow C∈AГ∈ 1
13 mm. Im.-B. Ka. M, ii, p. 403, 12 Plate VII

ANEMURIUM , Cilicia (1)

*165 Treboniarus Gallus Head r., laur. / Cult figure of Artemis and stag 1
30 mm. unpublished (?) Plate VII

CORYCUS , Cilicia (1)

166 Valerian Bust r., rad. / Dionysus stg. l. beside prize crown on table 1
35 mm. BMC Lycaonia, p. 69, 21

SOLI , Cilicia (1)

167 Fourth Century B.C. Head of Athena r. / Bunch of grapes 1
12 cm. ibid. p. 150, 34

SELEUCID KINGS OF SYRIA (3)

Seleucus I ,

168 c. 286–281 b.c. (Antioch) Heracles head r. / Bull butting r. illegible 1
14 mm. Newell, WSM, p. 100, 928

Demetrius I ,

169 162–150 b.c. (Sidon) Head r., diad. C't'm. prow. / Galley r. 1
18 mm. Babelon Rois de S. p. 100, 786

Alexander Bala ,

*170 150–145 B.C. Heads of Alexander and Cleopatra r. / Cornucopiae 1
18 nun. ibid. p. 119, 928 Plate VII

Alexander II ,

171 128–123 B.C. Effaced / Cornucopiae 1
19 mm. cf. ibid. p. 168, 1302ff.

Antiochus VIII ,

172 125–96 b.c. (Antioch) Head r., rad. / Eagle l., sceptre over shoulder. Date off flan. 1
20 mm. Newell, SMA, p. 95, fig. 20

ANTIOCH , Syria (26)

Augustus ,

*173 14 B.C.–27 A.D. After 14 B.C. Head r., bare / SC in wreath 25 cm. Grant, FITA, p. 100, v. Pl. III, 21 1
174 c. 4–5 A.D. Illeg. Head r. / Wreath; inscp. illeg. 1
32 mm. cf. ibid. p. 100, vii, Pl. III, 22
for type see Wruck, 12

Macrinus ,

175 217–218 A.D. Bust r., laur. / Within wreath SC, ∈ above, Δ below 2
19, 20 mm. BMC Galatia, p. 198, 388

Diadumenian,

176 217–218 A.D. Bust r., laur., SC in field / Within wreath, SC, ∈ above Δ below 1
19 mm. ibid. p. 201, 413

Elagabalus,

*177 218–222 A.D. Head r., laur. / Within wreath, SC, Δ∈ above, eagle below 9
19–21 mm. ibid. p. 203, 431ff. Plate VII
*178 Head r., rad. / Similar 10
18–21 mm. ibid. p. 203, 426ff.
*179 Head r., laur. / Within wreath SC, Δ above, ∈ below 1
18 mm. ibid. p. 204, 438 ff.

Severus Alexander,

180 222–235 a.d. Bust r., laur. illeg. / Similar 19 mm. ibid. p. 207, 468f. 1

LAODICEA-ad-MARE (3)

Elagabalus,

181 218–222 A.D. Head r., laur. / Bust of Tyche r. in distyle shrine 2
18 mm. ibid. p. 261, 101ff. Plate VII
182 Head r., rad. / Two wrestlers 1
18 mm. ibid. p. 262, 105ff.

SELEUCIA PIERIA (1)

Septimus Severus ,

183 193–211 A.D. Head r., laur. / Thunderbolt on stool 1
21 mm. ibid. p. 275, 49 Plate VII

BERYTUS, Phoenicia (7)

184 c. 15 b.c. to early First Marsyas stg. l.; COL in field / BER above prow r. 6
Century a.d. 11, 12 mm. BMC Phoenicia, p. 56, 27ff.

Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus ,

185 161–169 A.D. Head of Marcus r. above eagle / Head of Verus r. above eagle l. 1
24 mm. ibid. p. 68, 109f.

CARNE (1)

*186 Mid Second Bust of Tyche r. / Cornucopiae 1
Century b.c. 15 mm. cf. ibid. p. 211, 56 Plate VII

TRIPOLIS (3)

Hadrian ,

187 117 A.D. Bust r., laur. / Caps of the Dioscuri 1
15 mm. ibid. p. 211, 56

Macrinus ,

188 217–218 A.D. Bust r., laur. / Temple of Astarte, statue within 1
30 mm. ibid. p. 221, 105

Elagabalus ,

189 218–222 A.D. Bust r. / Similar 1
30 mm. ibid. pp. 223f., 118f.

TYRE (2)

*190 153–154 A.D. Head of Tyche r. / Astarte on galley l. 2
12, 13 mm. ibid. p. 261, note 1 Plate VII

JUDAEA (22)

Alexander Jannaeus ,

191 103–76 B.C. Semitic inscp. in wreath /Double cornucopiae and poppyhead 2
14 mm. BMC Palestine, p. 202, 30ff.
192 Anchor / Star 1
14 mm. ibid. p. 207, 61ff.

Herod Archelaus ,

193 4 B.C.–6 A.D. Bunch of grapes / Helmet 1
17 mm. ibid. p. 232, 10ff.

Herod Philip II ,

194 30–31 A.D. Head of Tiberius r. / Tetrastyle temple 1
18 mm. ibid. p. 228, 4

Procurators under Tiberius ,

195 29–30 A.D. Three ears of barley / Simpulum 2
15 mm. ibid. p. 257, 54ff.

Herod Agrippa ,

196 42–43 A.D. Umbrella with fringe / Three ears of barley 8
16–18 mm. ibid. p. 236, 1ff.

Agrippa II ,

197 c. 66 A.D. Fist; illeg. / Monogram; illeg. 1
14 mm. Madden p. 146, 5

Procurators under Claudius ,

198 54 a.d. Inscription in wreath / crossed palms 2
15, 16 mm. BMC Palestine, p. 261, 1ff.

Procurators under Nero ,

199 58–59 A.D. Palm branch / N∈P / imageNO / C within wreath 1
16 mm. ibid. p. 267, 15ff.

First revolt of the Jews,

200 67–68 A.D. Amphora / Vine leaf 3
17, 18 mm. ibid. p. 272, 22ff.

GAZA , Judaea (1)

Commodus ,

*201 175–176 a.d. Bust r., head bare / Two divinities in temple 1
26 mm. cf. de Saulcy, p. 226, 2 Plate VII

NABATAEA , Arabia (3)

Aretas IV ,

202 9 B.C.–40 A.D. Busts of Aretas and Shaquilath r. / Crossed cornucopiae 3
17 mm. BMC Arabia , p. 8, 14

CARRHAE , Mesopotamia (1)

Caracalla ,

203 211–217 A.D. Bust r., laur. / Bust of City Goddess 1
19 mm. ibid. p. 85, 16ff.

ALEXANDRIA, Egypt (3)

Trajan ,

204 98–117 A.D. Head r., laur. / Ibis r., illegible date 1
13 mm. Dattari, p. 80, 1213ff.

Hadrian ,

205 128 A.D. Head r., laur. / two cornucopiae 1
19 mm. Dattari, p. 120, 1915

Antoninus Pius ,

206 150 A.D. Head r., laur. / Zeus Ammon l., ram at his feet 1
29 mm. Dattari, p. 191, 2954

UNIDENTIFIED GREEK COINS (3)

207 Facing female head wearing high headdress / Effaced 19 mm. 1
*208 Male head r. diademed / Quadruped l.; illegible 16 mm. Plate VIII 1
*209 Nude male fig. stg. l. / Stag r. 1
17 mm. Plate VIII

ROMAN COINS

AUGUSTUS 27 B.C.–14 a.d. (5)

The East

*210 After 14 B.C. Head r. bare / AVGVSTVS in wreath 1
As BMC, i, p. 117, 731ff.
*211 Cyprus Similar / CA in wreath 4
Semis BMC, i, p. 115,708ff. Plate VIII

AGRIPPA (1)

Rome

*212 c. 35–41 A.D. Head l. / SC Neptune l. 1
As BMC, i, pp. 142f., 161f.

NERVA 96–98 a.d. (1)

Rome

213 96 A.D. Head r., laur. / FISCI IVDAIC CALVMNA SVBLATA SC Palm tree 1
Ses. BMC, iii, p. 15, 88

TRAJAN 98–117 a.d. (3)

Rome

214 104–111 Head r., laur. / SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI SC Roma and Dacian 1
Ses. BMC, iii, p. 164, 772f.
215 c. 114–115 Bust r., laur. / Illeg. Fortuna seated l. 1
Ses. cf. BMC, iii, p. 219, 1026
216 98–117 Similar / Uncertain type 1
Ses.

HADRIAN 117–138 A.D. (2)

Rome

217 119–138 Head r., laur. / P M TR P COS III Concordia seated l. 1
Den. BMC, iii, p. 261, 165

Nordicum

218 117–138 Head r., laur. / MET NOR in wreath 1
Quadrans BMC, iii, p. 533, 1850

ANTONINUS PIUS 138–161 a.d. (4)

Rome

219 161 Head r., bare / CONSECRATIO Pyre. 1
Den. BMC, iv, p. 394, 58ff.
220 145–161 Head r., laur. / FELICITAS AVG SC Felicitas l. 1
Ses. BMC, iv, p. 271, 1679
221 150–151 Head r., laur. / TR POT X [IIII COS IIII] SC ANNONA AVG Annona seated l. 1
Ses. BMC, iv, p. 309, 1866
222 138–161 Head r., laur. / Wolf r. suckling twins. Illegible 1
Ses. C., 1046

ANTONINUS PIUS and MARCUS AURELIUS (1)

Rome

223 140 Head of Pius r. / Illegible. Head of Marcus r. 1
As cf. BMC, iv, p. 196, 1221ff.

FAUSTINA SR . 138–141 a.d. (2)

Rome

224 After 141 Bust r. / AETERNITAS Providentia l. 1
Den. BMC, iv, p. 56, 373ff.
225 138–141 Bust r. / Female fig. stg. l. 1
As cf. BMC, iv, Pl. 37, 4

MARCUS AURELIUS 161–180 a.d. (7)

Rome

226 162 Bust r., laur. / CONCORDIA AVGVSTOR SC COS III Marcus and Verus clasping hands 1
Ses. BMC, iv, p. 546, 1011
227 164 Similar / VICT AVG TR P XVIII IMP II COS III Victory and captive 1
Ses. BMC, iv, pp. 560f., 1092ff.
228 176 Head r., laur. / CLEMENTIA AVG TR P XXX IMP VIII SC Clementia l. 1
Ses. BMC, iv, p. 646, 1537f.
229 180 DIVVS M ANTONINVS PIVS / CONSECRATIO Marus on eagle flying r. 2
Ses. BMC, iv, p. 763, 394

MARCUS AURELIUS and COMMODUS 175–180 a.d. (1)

Rome

*230 175–180 Confronted busts / Inscription Medallion, 48 mm., Unpublished (?), 97. 55 gms. Plate VIII 1

LUCIUS VERUS 161–169 a.d. (1)

Rome

231 161 Bust r., laur. / CONCORDIA AUGUSTOR TR P SC COS II Marcus and Verus 1
Ses. BMC, iv, p. 523, 861

FAUSTINA JR . 161–176 a.d. (1)

Rome

232 161–176 Bust r. / FECVND AVGVSTAE SC Fecunditas, four children 1
Ses. BMC, iv, p. 531, 904

COMMODUS 180–192 a.d. (7)

Rome

*233 182 Bust r., laur. / VOTA PVBLICA Sacrificial scene 1
Medallion, 39 mm. Gnecchi, ii (1), Pl. 89,7
*234 192 Busts of Commodus and Roma jugate, r. / Emperor and Hercules at altar 1
Medallion, gilt, 42 mm. Gnecchi, ii (1), Pl. 85,9 Plate VIII
235 179 Head r., laur. / IMP II COS II PP SC Minerva at altar 2
Ses. BMC, iv, p. 678, 1699f.
236 186 (?) Similar / Illeg. Quadriga r. 1
Ses. cf. BMC, iv, p. 804, 574
237 188–189 Similar / MINER VICT PM TR P XIIII IMP VIII COS V PP SC Minerva 1
Ses. BMC, iv, p. 820, 629
238 180–192 Similar / Illeg. Female fig. 1
Ses.

SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS 193–211 a.d. (1)

Rome

239 201–210 Head r., laur. / INDVLGENTIA AVGG, IN CARTH 1
Dea Caelestis r. on lion
Den. BMC, v, p. 218, 335ff.

JULIA DOMNA 193–217 a.d. (1)

Rome

240 196–209 Bust r. / CERES SC Ceres l. 1
Ses. BMC, V, p. 307, 764f.

CARACALLA 211–217 (2)

Rome

241 c. 210–213 Head r., laur. / PROVIDENTIA DEORVM Providentia l. 1
Den. BMC, v, p. 373, 99
242 215 Head r., laur. / PM TR P XVIII. COS IIII PP SC Aesclepius 1
As BMC, V, p. 489, 293

MACRINUS 217–218 (1)

Rome

243 217–218 Bust r., laur. / Uncertain type 1
Ses.

ELAGABALUS 218–222 A.D. (1)

Rome

244 220–222 Bust r., laur. / FORTVNA REDVCI Fortuna l. 1
Den. (once plated) cf. BMC, v, p. 561, 205

SEVERUS ALEXANDER 222–235 a.d. (11)

Rome

245 231 Head r., laur. / PM TR P X COS III PP SC Sol stg. l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (2), p. 111, 513
246 232 Bust r., laur. / PM TR P XI COS III PP SC Sol stg. l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (2), p. 112, 525d
247 222–231 Bust r., laur. / ANNONA AVGVSTI SC Annona l. 1
Ses. RIC iv (2), p. 114, 548
248 222–231 Bust r., laur. / IVSTITIA AVGVSTI SC Justitia seated l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (2), p. 115, 563b
249 222–231 Bust r., laur. / VICTORIA AVGVSTI SC Victory r. inscribing shield 1
Ses. RIC, iv (2), p. 119, 616
250 222–231 Head r., laur. / VICTORIA AVGVSTI SC Victory l. with wreath and palm Ses. RIC, iv (2), p. 119, 618 1
251 231–235 Bust r., laur. / MARS VLTOR SC Mars r. 2
Ses. RIC, iv (2), p. 120, 635d
252 231–235 Bust r., laur. / PROVIDENTIA AVG SC Providentia l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (2), p. 121, 642b
253 231–235 Head r., laur. / SPES PVBLICA SC Spes l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (2), p. 121, 648a
254 222–235 Bust r., rad. / SC Uncertain stg. figure 1
Dup.

JULIA MAMAEA 222–231 a.d. (2)

Rome

255 221–231 Bust r., diad. / FELICITAS PVBLICA SC Felicitas l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (2), p. 125, 676
256 221–231 Bust r. on crescent / Similar 1
Dup. RIC, iv (2), p. 125, 678

MAXIMINUS 235–238 a.d. (6)

Rome

257 238 Bust r., laur. / PM TR P IIII COS P P SC Emperor and two standards 1
Den. RIC, iv (2), p. 139, 6
258 235–236 Bust r., laur. / FIDES MILITVM SC Fides with two standards 1
Ses. RIC, iv (2), p. 144, 43
259 235–236 Bust r., laur. / PAX AVGVSTI SC Pax stg. l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (2), p. 145, 58
260 235–236 Similar / SALVS AVGVSTI SC Salus seated l. feeding snake at altar 2
Ses. RIC, iv (2), p. 145, 64
261 236–238 Bust r., laur. / VICTORIA GERMANICA SC Victory l.; captive at her feet 1
Ses. RIC, iv (2), p. 147, 90

BALBINUS 238 a.d. (1)

Rome

262 238 Bust r., laur. / P M TR P COS II P P SC Emperor l. with branch and parazonium 1
Ses. RIC, iv (2), p. 171, 16

PUPIENUS 238 a.d. (1)

Rome

263 238 Bust r., laur. / PAX PVBLICA SC Pax seated l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (2), p. 175, 22

GORDIAN III 238–244 a.d. (25)

Rome

264 238–239 Bust r., laur. / PAX AVGVSTI SC Pax stg. l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 43, 256a
265 240 Bust r., laur. / CONCORDIA AVG SC Concordia seated l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 46, 278 a
266 240 Bust r., laur. / Similar 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 47, 287
267 239–240 Bust r., laur. / PM TR P COS II PP SC Gordian sacrificing l. 2
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 46, 280
268 239–240 Bust r., laur. / Similar 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 47, 291
269 241–244 Similar / ΑΕΤΕRNITATI AVG SC Sol l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 48, 297a
270 241–244 Similar / IOVI STATORI SC Jupiter r. 6
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 48, 298a
271 241–244 Similar / LAETITIA AVG N SC Laetitia l. 2
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 48, 300a
272 243 Similar / P M TR P V COS II PP SC Apollo seated l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 48, 303a
273 241–244 Similar / PM TR P VI COS II PP SC Same type 2
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 48, 304a
274 241–244 Similar / SECVRITAS AVG SC Securitas seated l. 2
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 49, 311a
275 243–244 Similar / FELICIT TEMPOR SC Felicitas l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 51, 328 a
276 243–244 Similar / FELICITAS TEMPORVM SC Same type 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 51, 330
277 243–244 Similar / MARS PROPVGNAT SC Mars r. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 52, 332a
278 243–244 Similar / VICTORIA AETER SC Victory l. with shield and captive 2
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 52, 337a

PHILIP I 244–249 a.d. (9)

Rome

279 244–247 Bust r., rad. / AEQVITAS AVGG Aequitas l. 1
Ant. RIC, iv (3), p. 71, 27b
280 246 Bust r., laur. / PM TR P III COS PP SC Felicitas l. 2
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 87, 149a
281 244–249 Similar / AEQVITAS AVGG SC Aequitas l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 89, 165
282 244–249 Similar / ANNONA AVGG SC Annona l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 90, 168a
283 244–249 Bust r., laur. / Similar 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 90, 168d
284 244–249 Bust r., laur / FIDES EXERCITVS SC Four standards 2
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 90, 171a
285 244–249 Similar / LAET FVNDATA SC Laetitia l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 90, 176a

OTACILIA 244–249 a.d. (3)

Rome

286 244–249 Bust r. / CONCORDIA AVGG SC Concordia seated l. 2
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 94, 203a
287 244–249 Similar / PIETAS AVGVSTAE SC Pietas l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 94, 208 a

TRAJAN DECIUS 249–251 a.d. (3)

Rome

288 249–251 Bust r., laur. / DACIA SC Dacia l. holding standard 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 135, 112a
289 249–251 Similar / DACIA FELIX SC Same type 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 135, 114a
290 249–251 Similar / VICTORIA AVG SC Victory running l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3) p. 136, 126c

HERENNIA ETRUS CILLA 249–251 a.d. (1)

Rome

291 249–251 Bust r. / FEGVNDITAS AVG SC Fecunditas stg. l., and child 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 137, 134

HOSTILIAN 251 a.d. (1)

Rome

292 251 Head r., bare / PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS SC Apollo seated l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 149, 215a

TREBONIANUS GALLUS 251–253 a.d. (3)

Rome

293 251–253 Bust r., laur. / Illeg. Apollo l. 1
Ses. cf. RIC, iv (3), p. 171, 103f.
294 251–253 Bust r., laur. / IVNONI MARTIALI SC Juno seated in circular temple 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 171, 110a
295 251–253 Bust r., laur. / SALVS AVGG SC Salus stg. r. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 172, 121a

VOLUSIAN 251–253 a.d. (3)

Rome

296 251–253 Bust r., laur. / FELICITAS PVBLICA SC Felicitas l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 188, 251a
297 251–253 Similar / LIBERALITAS AVGG SC Liberalitas l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 188, 254a
298 251–253 Similar / PAX AVGG SC Pax stg. l. 1
Ses. RIC, iv (3), p. 188, 256 a

AEMILIAN 253 a.d. (1)

Rome

299 253 Bust r., rad. / ERCVL VICTORI Hercules stg. r. 1
Ant. RIC, iv (3), p. 194, 3b, Pl. VIII

VALERIAN 253–260 a.d. (2)

Rome

300 253 Bust r., laur. / VICTORIA AVGG SC Victory l. 1
Ses. RIC, V (1), p. 52, 177
301 254 Bust r., laur. / Similar 1
As RIC, v (1), p. 53, 200

GALLIENUS 253–268 (3)

Rome

302 253–268 Bust r., rad. / Uncertain type Ant. 1
303 253–268 Bust r., laur. / PAX AVGG SC Pax l. 1
Ses. RIC, v (1), p. 86, 231
304 253–268 Similar / CONCORDIA AVGG SC Concordia l. 1
Ses. RIC, v (1), p. 85, 207

CLAUDIUS II 268–270 a.d. (2)

Antioch

305 268–270 Bust r., rad. / IVNO REGINA Juno l. 1
Ant. RIC, v (1), p. 229, 212
306 268–270 Head l., rad. / AETER AVG Diana and Sol 1
Ant. RIC, v (1), p. 228, 198

AURELIAN 270–275 a.d. (1)

Antioch

307 270–275 Bust r., rad. / RESTITVT ORBIS Emperor and woman 1
Ant. RIC, v (1), p. 308, 386

TACITUS 275–276 a.d. (1)

Antioch

308 275–276 Bust r., rad. / CLEMENTIA TEMP Emperor and Jupiter; Z 1
Ant. RIC, v (1), p. 347, 210

PROBUS 277–282 a.d. (7)

Antioch

309 277–282 Bust r., rad. / CLEMENTIA TEMP Emperor and Jupiter; A, A·, Δ·, ∈, Ϛ· 7
Ant. RIC, v (2), p. 119, 922

CARUS 282–283 A.D. (3)

Cyzicus

310 282–283 Bust r., rad. / CLEMENTIA TEMP Emperor and Jupiter; ∈ 2
Ant. RIC, V (2), p. 149, 118

Antioch

311 282–283 Similar / VIRTVS AVGGG Same type 1
Ant. RIC, V (2), p. 150, 125

CARINUS 283–285 a.d. (4)

Cyzicus

312 283–284 Similar / CLEMENTIA TEMP Same type; Δ 1
Ant. RIC, V (2), p. 178, 324

Antioch

313 282–283 Bust r., rad. / VIRTVS AVGGG Emperor and Jupiter; ∈Δ 1
Ant. RIC, v (2), p. 164, 208
314 283–284 Bust r., rad. / Similar; Γ, Ϛ 2
Ant. RIC, v (2), p. 179, 325

NUMERIAN 282–284 a.d. (1)

Antioch

315 282–284 Bust r., rad. / VIRTVS AVGG Emperor and Jupiter; Γ 1
Ant. RIC, v (2), p. 202, 466

DIOCLETIAN 284–305 a.d. (17)

Heraclea

316 c. 296 Similar / Similar; A, Γ Ant. NZ, 1899, pp. 296, 309 2

Cyzicus

317 284–296 Similar / Similar; B (2); ∈ 3
Ant. RIC, v (2), p. 253, 306
318 c. 296 Similar / Similar; Γ (2), ∈ 4
Ant. NZ, 1899, pp. 299, 309

Antioch

319 285–296 Bust r., rad. / IOVI CONSERVATORI AVG Emperor and Jupiter; ∈Δ 3 3
Ant. RIC, v (2), p. 256, 324
320 c. 299 Similar / CONCORDIA MILITVM Same type; image 1
Ant. NZ, 1918, p. 12

Uncertain mint

321 Similar / CLEMENTIA TEMP Same type 1
Ant. C., 18

MAXIMIAN 285–305 a.d. (14)

Siscia

322 c. 300–305 Head r., laur. / GENIO POPVLI ROMANI Genius l.; A 1
Æ 3 M. ii, p. 295, VII, 1

Heraclea

323 c. 296 Bust r., rad. / CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor and Jupiter; Γ 1
Ant. NZ, 1899, pp. 297, 309

Cyzicus

324 c. 293 Similar / Similar; Γ, Δ, Ϛ Ant. RIC, v (2), p. 291, 606f. 3
325 c. 296–305 Similar / Similar; A, Δ, ∈ (2) Ant. NZ, 1899, pp. 299, 309 4

Antioch

*326 c. 285–295 Similar / IOV ET HERCV CONSER AVGG Jupiter and Hercules; image Ant. RIC, v (2), 294, 622 1
327 c. 285–295 Similar / CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor and Jupiter; image 1
Ant. RIC, v (2), 294, 671

Alexandria

328 c. 305 Bust r., rad. / CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor and Jupiter; A, Γ 2
Ant. M. iii, p. 229, VIII, l

Uncertain mint

329 Bust r., rad. / CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor and Jupiter 1
Ant. C., 50ff.

CONSTANTIUS CHLORUS 305–306 (3)

Heraclea

330 c. 296 Similar / Similar; A 1
Ant. NZ, 1899, pp. 297, 309

Cyzicus

331 c. 296 Bust r., rad. / CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor and Jupiter; B 2
Ant. NZ, 1899, pp. 298, 309

GALERIUS 305–311 a.d. (5)

Heraclea

332 296–305 Bust r., rad. / CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor and Jupiter 1
Ant. NZ, 1899, pp. 299, 309

Alexandria

333 c. 305–306 Bust r., rad. / CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor and Jupiter; B 1
Ant. M., iii, p. 230, VIII, 4
334 c. 308–311 Head r., laur. / VIRTVS EXERCITVS Mars r.; Γ 1
Æ 2 M., iii, p. 240, III. 1
335 c. 308–311 Similar / GENIO IMPERATORIS Genius l.; B, ∈ 2
Æ 2 M., iii, p. 238, II. 1

VALERIA 305 a.d. (1)

Uncertain mint

336 Bust r., diad. / Incuse of obverse 1
Æ 2

SEVERUS II 306–307 a.d. (1)

Alexandria

337 306–307 Bust r., rad. / CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor and Jupiter; A 1
Ant. M., iii, p. 232, XIII. 3

MAXIMINUS DAZA 308–313 a.d. (5)

Cyzicus

*338 312–313 Head r., laur. / IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter l.; Ϛ * 1
Æ 2 cf. M., iii, p. 108, II Plate VIII

Antioch

339 305–308 Head r., laur. / GENIO POPVLI ROMANI Genius l.;∈ 1
Æ 3 M. iii, p. 151, VI, 1
340 308–311 Similar / GENIO IMPERATORIS Similar; ∈ 1
Æ 3 M., iii, pp. 165f., XVII. 2

Uncertain mint

341 Similar / GENIO AVGVSTI (?) Genius l. 1
Æ 2 cf. C., 17ff.

ANTIOCH-Autonomous

342 c. 295–310 GENIO ANTIOCHENI Tyche seated / APOLLINI SANCTO Apollo r.; ∈ 1
Æ 3 Dieudonné, Mel. n. i, pp. 289–310

MAXENTIUS 306–312 a.d. (1)

Ostia

343 309–311 Head r., laur. / AETERNITAS AVG N Castor and Pollux with horses; MOSTQ 1
Æ 2 (Cut in half) M., i, p. 268, III. 1

LICINIUS SR . 307–323 a.d. (16)

Rome

344 314–317 Bust r., laur. / SOLI INVICTO COMITI Sol l.; P (2). S 3
Æ 3 M., i, p. 310, I. 2

Siscia

345 313–314 Head r., laur. / IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter and eagle; Γ 2
Æ 3 M., ii, p. 324, I. 4

Heraclea

346 315–317 Bust l., laur. / PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Gate; B Æ 3 M., ii, p. 578, II. 1 1
*347 320–324 Bust r., rad. / IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter, eagle and captive; B 1
Æ 3 M., ii, p. 590, I. 1

Nicomedia

348 313–314 Head r., laur. / Similar, eagle at feet; B 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 27, I. 1
349 318–320 Bust r., rad. / Similar, eagle and captive; B 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 44, I. 1

Cyzicus

350 313–314 Head r., laur. / IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter and eagle; Δ 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 111, I. 1
351 317–318 Bust l., laur. / IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG Similar, wreath and Δ 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 119, I. 1 Plate IX
352 318–324 Bust r., rad. / IOVI CONSERVATORI Similar; Δ 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 123, I. 1

Antioch

353 311–312 Head r., laur. / GENIO AVGVSTI Genius l.; * BI 1
Æ 2 M., iii, p. 174, IV. 2
354 317–318 Bust l., laur. / IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG Jupiter l. and captive; ∈ (2) 2
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 193, I. 2
355 318–319 Bust r., laur. / IOVI CONSERVATORI Similar; Ϛ 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 195, I. 2

LICINIUS JR . (2)

Nicomedia

356 318–324 Bust l., helmeted / IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter, eagle and captive; A 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 45, I. 3

Antioch

*357 315–317 Bust l., laur. / PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Gate 1
Æ 3 cf. M., iii, p. 188, V

CONSTANTINE I 307–337 a.d. (53)

Rome

358 312–313 Similar / SOLI INVICTO COMITI Sol l. 1
Æ 3 M., i, p. 203, II. 1
359 313–317 Similar / Similar; R * P, RT 2
Æ 3 M., i, p. 210, I. 1
360 317–320 Similar / Similar; wreath and RT 1
Æ 3 M., i, p. 220, II
361 324–326 Head r., laur. / PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Gate; S 1
Æ 3 M., i, p. 238, I

Ostia

362 312–313 Bust r., laur. / SOLI INVICTO COMITI Sol l. 1
Æ 2 M., i, p. 285, VI. 2

Ticinum

363 320–324 Similar / VOT XX in wreath; TT 1
Æ 3 M., ii, p. 271, III. 1

Treves (?)

364 320–324 Helmeted bust r. / VIRTVS EXERCIT Standard 1
Æ 2 M., i, p. 436, VIII. 1

Arles

365 314–317 Bust r., laur. / SOLI INVICTO COMITI Sol l.; S 1
Æ 3 M., ii, p. 148, IV bis. 1
366 317–320 Similar / Similar 1
Æ 3 M., ii, p. 158, I. 1

Thessalonica

367 320–324 Similar / VOT XX in wreath ∈VI 1
Æ 3 M., ii, p. 444, III
368 324–326 Similar / PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Gate; Δ 2
Æ 3 M., ii, p. 461, I. 1

Constantinople

369 333–335 Bust r., diad. / GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers, two standards; A (3), 4
Æ 3 M., ii, p. 529, III. 1
370 After 337 Veiled head r. / Quadriga r. 1
Æ 4 M., ii, p. 548, I
371 After 337 Similar / VN MR Pietas r. 1
Æ 4 M., ii, p. 548, II

Nicomedia

372 After 337 Similar / Similar; A, Γ 2
Æ 4 M., iii, p. 81, XV

Cyzicus

373 324–326 Head r., laur. / PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Gate; Γ 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 126, I. 1
374 333–335 Bust r., diad. / GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers two standards; ∈· 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 133, III. 1
375 335–337 Similar / Similar; Δ 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 137, III. 1
376 After 337 Veiled head r. / VN MR Pietas r.; H 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 141, II

Antioch

377 315–317 Bust r., laur. / IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG Jupiter and eagle; B 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 187, I. 2
378 318–324 Bust r., rad. / IOVI CONSERVATORI Similar; A, ∈ 2
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 195, I. 1
379 324–326 Head r., diad. / PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Gate; Δ∈, Γ, ∈ 3
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 202, I. 1
380 After 337 Veiled head / VN MR Pietas; Γ (2) 2
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 217, II

Alexandria

381 313–314 Head r., laur. / IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter l., eagle; B 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 258, I. 2
382 318–324 Bust r., rad. / IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter, eagle and captive; Δ 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 270, I. 2
383 324–326 Head r. / PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Gate 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 273, I. 1
384 335–337 Bust r., diad. / GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers, two standards; A 2
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 276, I. 1
385 After 337 Veiled head r. / VN MR Pietas; Γ, Δ 5
Æ 4 M., iii, p. 281, II

Uncertain mint

386 Bust r., laur. / SOLI INVICTO COMITI Sol l. 1
Æ 3 C., 536
387 Bust r., diad. / GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers, two standards 1
388 Æ 3 C., 254 Veiled head r. / IVST VEN MEM Aquitas winged l. 1
Æ 3 cf. C., 314
389 Veiled head r. / VN MR Pietas 7
Æ 3 C., 716

URBS ROMA (10)

Thessalonica

390 c. 335–340 Helmeted bust r. / Wolf and twins; ∈ 1
Æ 4 M., ii, p. 473, II

Heraclea

391 c. 335–340 Similar / Similar 1
Æ 4 M., ii, p. 603, I

Constantinople

392 c. 335–337 Similar / GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers, one standard; ∈ 1
Æ 3 M., ii, p. 538, XII. 1

Nicomedia

393 c. 335–337 Similar / Wolf and twins; Ϛ 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 75, V

Antioch

394 c. 335–337 Similar / Similar; Θ 2
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 213, III. 1

Alexandria

395 c. 335–340 Helmeted bust r. / Similar; A 2
Æ3 M., iii, p. 280, II

Uncertain mint

396 Similar / Similar 2
Æ 4 C., 19

CONSTANTINOPOLIS (4)

Constantinople

397 335–340 Bust l. helmeted / Victory l.; ∈ 1
Æ3 M., ii, p. 537, XI

Antioch

398 335–340 Similar / Similar 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 213, IV

Uncertain mint

399 Similar / Similar 2
Æ 3 C., 21

HELEN (3)

Antioch

400 324–326 Bust r. / SECVRITAS REIPVBLICE Securitas l. 2
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 203, V

Uncertain mint

401 Similar / PAX PVBLICA Pax l. 1
Æ3 C., 4

CRISPUS (2)

Siscia

402 317–320 Bust r., laur. / PRINCIPIA IVVENTVTIS Crispus r. 1
Æ 3 M., ii, p. 335, IV. 2

Heraclea

403 320–324 Bust r., laur. / IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter, eagle and captive; Γ 1
Æ 3 M., ii, p. 590, I. 4

CONSTANTINE II 337–340 a.d. (14)

Rome

404 320–324 Bust r., laur. / VOT / X in wreath; T 1
Æ 3 M., i, p. 233, XI. 7
405 337–340 Bust r., diad. / VIRTVS AVGVSTI Emperor; P 1
Æ 3 C., 233

Constantinople

406 335–337 Bust r., laur. / GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers, two standards; Γ 1
Æ 3 M., ii, p. 533, I. 2

Nicomedia

407 337–340 Bust r., diad. / Similar, but one standard; Ϛ 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 81; Voetter, Const. Jr., Pl. 4

Cyzicus

408 324–326 Similar / PROVIDENTAE CAESS Gate; ∈ 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 127, II. 3
409 333–335 Bust r., diad. / GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers, two standards; Γ 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 134, III. 7

Antioch

410 333–335 Similar / Similar; I 2
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 210, I. 2
411 335–337 Similar / Similar, but one standard; Θ (2) 2
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 213, II. 2

Alexandria

412 335–337 Bust r., laur. / GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers; two standards; A 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 276, I. 2

Uncertain mint

413 Bust r., laur. / GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers, two standards 2
Æ 3 C., 122
414 Similar / Similar, but one standard 1
Æ 3 C., 114

CONSTANS I 337–350 a.d. (18)

Rome

415 337–340 Bust r., diad. / GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers, one standard; T 2
Æ 3 C., 62

Constantinople

416 337–340 Head r., diad., / Similar; ∈ 1
Æ 3 C., 60

Nicomedia

417 335–337 Bust l., laur. / Similar; Γ 2
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 75, IV. 5
418 337–340 Bust r., diad. / Similar; A, Ϛ 2
Æ 3 C., 62
419 343–348 Similar / VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath; B (2) 2
Æ 4 C., 197 1
420 337–350 Similar / SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor l.; B
Æ 4 C., 106

Cyzicus

421 335–337 Bust l., laur. / GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers; one standard; Γ 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 139, IV. 4
422 337–340 Bust r., diad. / Similar 1
Æ 3 C., 62

Antioch

423 343–348 Similar / VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath; Γ 1
Æ 4 C., 197

Alexandria

424 335–337 Bust l., laur. / GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers, one standard 1
Æ 4 M., iii, p. 280, I. 3
425 343–348 Bust r., diad. / VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath; A 1
Æ 4 C., 197

Uncertain mint

426 Similar / GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers, one standard 1
Æ 4 C., 62
427 Similar / VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath 1
Æ 4 C., 197
428 Bust l., diad. / FEL TEMP REPARATIO Soldier captive and hut 1
Æ 3 C., 19

CONSTANTIUS II 337–361 a.d. (154)

Rome

429 348–353 Bust r., diad. / FEL TEMP REPARATIO Emperor on ship; S and palm 1
Æ 2 C., 32
430 348–361 Similar / Same inscription. Soldier spearing horseman 5
Æ 3 C., 45
431 337–361 Similar / SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1
Æ 4 C., 188

Siscia

*432 348–356 Similar / HOC SIGNO VICTOR ERIS Victory crowning emperor; Γ 1
Æ 2 C., 142

Thessalonica

433 337–361 Similar / SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor; Δ 1
Æ 4 C., 188
434 348–361 Similar / FEL TEMP REPARATIO Soldier spearing horseman; Γ, Δ 2
Æ 3 C., 45

Constantinople

435 333–335 Bust r., laur. / GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers, two standards; Ϛ 1
Æ 3 M., ii, p. 529, III. 3
436 348–353 Bust r., diad. / FEL TEMP REPARATIO Soldier spearing horseman; B, H, I 3
Æ 2 C., 44
437 348–361 Similar / Similar; A, Ϛ, Z, IA 4
Æ 3 C.,45
438 337–361 Similar / SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor l.; B 1
Æ 4 C., 188

Heraclea

439 c. 324 Bust l., laur. / PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate; Γ 1
Æ 3 M., ii, p. 597, V 3
440 337–340 Head r., diad. / GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers, one standard; B 1
Æ 3 C., 102
441 343–348 Similar / VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath; Z 1
Æ 4 C., 335
442 348–361 Bust r., diad. / FEL TEMP REPARATIO Soldier spearing horseman 2
Æ 3 C., 45

Nicomedia

443 343–348 Similar / VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath; Δ 1
Æ 4 C., 335
444 348–353 Similar / FEL TEMP REPARATIO Soldier spearing horseman; A 1
Æ 2 C., 44
445 348–361 Similar / Similar 3
Æ 3 C., 45
446 337–361 Similar / SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor; B 1
Æ 4 C., 188

Cyzicus

447 333–337 Similar / GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers, two standards; A (2), B 4
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 134, III. 10
448 337–340 Similar / Similar, one standard; A (2); B (2) Γ (2) 6
Æ 3 C., 102
449 348–353 Bust l., diad. / FEL TEMP REPARATIO Emperor and captives; A, B 2
Æ 2 C., 39
450 348–353 Bust r., diad. / Same inscription. Soldier spearing horseman; Γ 3
Æ 2 C., 44
451 348–361 Similar / Similar; B, Γ 3
Æ 3 C., 45
452 337–361 Similar / SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor l. 1
Æ 4 C., 188

Antioch

453 333–337 Bust r., laur. / GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers, two standards; B 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 210, I. 3
454 335–337 Similar / Similar, one standard; B, H 2
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 213, II. 3
455 337–340 Bust r., diad. / Similar; H 1
Æ 3 C., 95
456 343–348 Similar / VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath; B, Γ, Z, BI 8
Æ 4 C., 335
457 348–353 Similar / FEL TEMP REPARATIO Emperor, two captives; A 1
Æ 2 C., 39
458 348–353 Similar / Same inscription; Soldier spearing horseman; S, Z, BI, ΔΙ 8
Æ 2 C., 44
459 348–361 Similar / Similar; A, B, Γ, Δ, ∈, Ϛ, H 16
Æ 3 C., 45
460 337–361 Similar / SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor l.; Δ 2
Æ 4 C., 188

Alexandria

461 335–337 Bust r., laur. / GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers, two standards; A 1
Æ 3 M., iii, p. 276, I. 3
462 343–348 Bust r., diad. / VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath; Γ 1
Æ 4 C., 335
463 348–353 Bust l., diad. / FEL TEMP REPARATIO Emperor, two captives; A 2
Æ 2 C., 39
464 348–361 Bust r., daid. / Same inscription, Soldier spearing horseman; B, Γ, Δ, I 16
Æ 3 C., 45
465 337–361 Similar / SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor l.; A 1
Æ 4 C., 188

Uncertain mint

466 Similar / GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers, two standards 2
Æ 3 C., 104
467 Similar / Similar, one standard 2
Æ 3 C., 102
468 Head r., diad. / VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath 9
Æ 4 C., 335
469 Bust r., diad. / FEL TEMP REPARATIO Soldier spearing horseman 12
Æ 2 C., 44
470 Similar / Similar 11
Æ 3 C., 45
471 Similar / Same inscription, Phoenix 1
Æ 3 C., 58
472 Similar / SPES REIPVBLICE 7
Æ 4 C., 188

CONSTANTIUS GALLUS 351–354 a.d. (3)

Constantinople

473 351–354 Bust r., head bare / FEL TEMP REPARATIO Soldier and horseman 1
Æ 3 C., 9

Nicomedia

474 351–354 Similar / Similar; A 1
Æ 3 C., 10

Uncertain mint

475 Similar / Similar 1
Æ 2 C., 7

JULIAN 361–363 a.d. (9)

Rome

476 361–363 Helmeted bust l. / VOT X MVLT XX in wreath 1
Æ 3 C., 151

Siscia

477 355–360 Bust r., head bare / SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor; Δ and star 1
Æ 4 C., 42

Antioch

478 355–360 Similar / FEL TEMP REPARATIO Soldier and horseman; l 2
Æ 3 C., 14
479 355–360 Similar / SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor; H 1
Æ 4 C., 42

Uncertain mint

480 Similar / Similar 1
Æ 4 C., 43
481 Helmeted bust l. / VOT X MVLT XX in wreath 3
Æ 3 C., 151

HOUSE of CONSTANTINE (177)

Constantinople

GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers, one standard 1
FEL TEMP REPARATIO Soldier spearing horseman 1

Nicomedia

GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers, one standard (imitation) 1

Antioch

VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath 3
FEL TEMP REPARATIO Soldier spearing horseman 3
SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 2

Uncertain mint

GLORIA EXERCITVS Two soldiers, one standard 17
VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath 9
FEL TEMP REPARATIO 92
Soldier spearing horseman SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 48

JOVIAN 363–364 a.d. (1)

Uncertain mint

482 363–364 Bust r., diad. / VOT V in wreath 1
Æ 3 C., 31

VALENTINIAN I 364–375 a.d. (31)

Siscia

483 364–367 Bust r., diad. / GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor and captive; Γ 1
Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 146, 5a

Nicomedia

484 364–367 Similar / Similar 1
Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 252, 9a

Cyzicus

485 364–367 Similar / Similar Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 240, 8a 1
486 364–367 Similar / SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory; B 1
Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 241, 11a

Antioch

487 364–367 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor and captive; Ϛ 2
Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 274, 10a

Alexandria

488 364–367 Similar / Similar; A Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 298, 1a 1
489 364–367 Similar / SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory; A, Γ 2
Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 298, 3a

Uncertain mint

490 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor and captive 13
Æ3 C., 12
491 Similar / RESTITVTOR REIP Emperor stg. 1
Æ 3 C., 21
492 Similar / SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory 8
Æ 3 C., 37

VALENS 364–378 a.d. (67)

Rome

493 364–375 Bust r., diad. / SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory; TERTIA 1
Æ 3 RIC, ix, pp. 120f., 17b, 24b

Thessalonica

494 364–378 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor and captive; A, Δ 2
Æ 3 RIC, ix, pp. 176ff., 16b, 26b

Constantinople

495 364–367 Similar / SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory 2
Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 216, 21b

Cyzicus

496 364–375 Similar / Similar; B, Δ Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 241, 11b, 13b 2
497 364–375 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor and captive; A 1
Æ 3 RIC, ix, pp. 240f., 8b

Nicomedia

498 364–367 Similar / Similar; A, B, Γ, Δ 6
Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 252, 9b

Antioch

499 364–367 Similar / SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory; Γ, Δ 4
Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 275, 12b
500 364–367 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor and captive; B, Γ 4
Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 274, 10b

Alexandria

501 364–367 Similar / SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory; A, B, Γ, Δ 9
Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 298, 3b

Uncertain mint

502 Similar / Similar 22
Æ 3 C., 47
503 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor and captive 13
Æ 3 C., 11
504 Similar / RESTITVTOR REIP Emperor 1
Æ 3 C., 29

GRATIAN 367–383 a.d. (12)

Rome

505 378–383 Bust r., diad. / VOT XV MVLT XX in wreath; T 1
Æ 4 RIC, ix, p. 128, 51a

Thessalonica

506 378–383 Similar / VIRTVS ROMANORVM Roma seated 1
Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 182, 42

Constantinople

507 378–383 Similar / CONCORDIA AVGGG Roma seated 1
Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 227, 56f.

Antioch

508 378–383 Similar / VOT X MVLT XX in wreath; Δ 1
Æ 4 RIC, ix, p. 289, 56a

Uncertain mint

509 Similar / SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory 4
Æ 3 C., 34
510 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor and captive 1
Æ 3 C., 23
511 Similar / VOT V in wreath 1
Æ 4 C., 64
512 Similar / VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath 1
Æ 4 C., 77
513 Similar / CONCORDIA AVGGG Roma seated 1
Æ 3 C., 3

VALENTINIAN II 375–392 a.d. (20)

Heraclea

514 378–383 Helmeted bust r. / GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor on ship 1
Æ 2 RIC, ix, p. 194, 11b
515 383–388 Bust r., diad. / VIRTVS EXERCITVS Emperor and captive 1
Æ 2 RIC, ix, p. 197, 24a

Heraclea

516 383–388 Similar / SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory and captive; B 1
Æ 4 RIC, ix, p. 198, 26a

Constantinople

517 375–378 Similar / CONCORDIA AVGG Constantinople seated 1
Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 227, 56b
518 388–392 Similar / SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory and captive 1
Æ 4 RIC, ix, p. 234, 86a

Cyzicus

519 378–383 Similar / CONCORDIA AVGG Constantinople seated; B 1
Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 243, 17b
520 378–383 Similar / VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath 1
Æ 4 RIC, ix, p. 244, 22b

Antioch

521 378–383 Similar / CONCORDIA AVGGG Constantinople seated 2
Æ 4 RIC, ix, p. 285, 45b
522 378–383 Helmeted bust r. / GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor on ship; ∈ 1
Æ 2 RIC, ix, p. 283, 40b
523 383–388 Bust r., diad. / VOT X MVLT XX in wreath; Γ Æ 4 RIC, ix, p. 292, 65 a 1
524 383–392 Similar / SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory and captive; B 2
Æ 4 RIC, ix, p. 292, 67

Uncertain mint

525 Similar / Similar 4
Æ 4 C., 30
526 Similar / VICTORIA AVGG Victory l. 2
Æ 4 C., 46
527 Similar / VOT X MVLT XX in wreath 1
Æ 4 C., 73

THEODOSIUS I 378–395 a.d. (21)

Rome

528 378–383 Bust r., diad. / VOT XV MVLT XX in wreath; T 1
Æ 4 RIC, ix, p. 128, 51d

Thessalonica

529 379–383 Similar / CONCORDIA AVGGG Roma seated; Δ 1
Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 182, 39c Plate IX

Constantinople

530 378–383 Similar / SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory and captive 1
Æ 2 RIC, ix, p. 234, 86b
531 392–395 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor stg. 1
Æ 4 RIC, ix, p. 235, 88 a

Cyzicus

532 378–393 Helmeted bust r. / Same inscription. Emperor on ship; Δ 1
Æ 2 RIC, IX, p. 242, 14c

Antioch

533 379–383 Bust r., diad. / CONCORDIA AVGGG Roma seated; Δ 1
Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 287, 47c
534 383–388 Similar / VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor and captive 1
Æ 2 RIC, ix, p. 291, 63c
535 392–395 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor stg.; A 2
Æ 2 RIC, ix, p. 294, 68b
*536 c. 395 Similar / VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor and Victory 1
Æ 3

Alexandria

537 379–383 Similar / VOT X MVLT XX in wreath; Δ, Γ 2
Æ 4 RIC, ix, p. 301, 13c, 19b
538 383–388 Similar / SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory and captive; B 2
Æ 4 RIC, ix, p. 303, 20b

Uncertain mint

539 Similar / VOT X MVLT XX in wreath 2
Æ 4 C., 68
540 Similar / VICTORIA AVGGG Two Victories 1
Æ 4 C., 43
541 Similar / SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory and captive 2
Æ 4 C., 30
542 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor and captive 1
Æ 2 C., 23
543 Helmeted bust r. / Same inscription. Emperor on ship 1
Æ 2 C., 19

THEODOSIUS I or II (2)

Uncertain mint

544 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors 1
Æ 4
545 Similar / Effaced 1
Æ 4

ARCADIUS 383–408 a.d. (95)

Thessalonica

546 383–388 Bust r., diad. / GLORIA REIPVBLICE Camp gate 1
Æ 4 RIC, ix, p. 187, 62c

Constantinople

547 395–400 Similar / VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor and captive; Γ 1
Æ 2 Pearce, p. 74, 122
548 393–395 Similar / CONCORDIA AVG Cross; A 2
Æ 4 Pearce, p. 78, 138
549 393–395 Similar / VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor and Victory; A, B, Γ 7
Æ 3 Pearce, p. 78, 137
*550 395–400 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors; Δ 1
Æ 4 cf. Pearce, p. 78, 142
551 388–395 Similar / SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory and captive; Δ 2
Æ 4 RIC, ix, p. 234, 86c; p. 236, 90c

Nicomedia

552 395–400 Similar / VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor and Victory; Γ 1
Æ 3 Pearce, p. 88, 33
*553 395–400 Helmeted bust / CONCORDIA AVGG Roma seated; A (2) 2
Æ 3 Pearce, p. 86, 22 Plate IX

Cyzicus

554 378–383 Bust r., diad. / VOT V in wreath; B 1
Æ 4 RIC, ix, p. 244, 20d
555 395–400 Similar / VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor and Victory; B 1
Æ 3 Pearce, p. 83, 23
556 400–408 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors; A, B, Δ 3
Æ 4 Pearce, p. 84, 27

Antioch

557 383–392 Similar / SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory and captive; Γ 2
Æ 4 RIC ix, p. 293, 67d
558 393–395 Similar / CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross 3
Æ 4 Pearce, p. 96, 55
559 395–400 Similar / VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor and Victory; A, B, Γ 6
Æ 3 Pearce, p. 95, 52
560 400–408 Similar (star) / GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors 6
Æ 4 Pearce, p. 96, 57

Alexandria

561 393–395 Similar / CONCORDIA AVG Cross; A 2
Æ 4 Pearce, p. 98, 20
562 395–400 Similar / VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor and Victory; A, Δ 2
Æ 3 Pearce, p. 98, 17

Uncertain mint

563 Similar / VICTORIA AVGGG Two Victories 3
Æ 4 Ath. Agora, ii. p. 59, 1552
564 Similar / CONCORDIA AVG Cross 2
Æ 4 Sabatier, 32
565 Similar / CONCORDIA AVG Cross in wreath 1
Æ 4 Ath. Agora, ii, p. 59, 1557
*566 Similar / No inscription. Cross in wreath 1
Æ 4 Not in Sabatier
567 Similar / SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory and captive 10
Æ 4 Sabatier, 41
568 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors 7
Æ 4 Sabatier, 38
569 Similar / VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor and Victory 25
Æ 3 Sabatier ii, p. 341
570 Similar / VOT V in wreath 1
Æ 4 Sabatier, 47
571 Similar / VOT X MVLT XX in wreath 1
Æ 4 Sabatier, 48
572 Similar / Uncertain type 1
Æ 4

EUDOXIA 395–404 A.D. (2)

Nicomedia

*573 395–404 Bust r., crown above / SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory seated 1
Æ 3 cf. Sabatier, 4

Uncertain mint

574 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor enthroned 1
Æ 3 Tolstoi, i, Pl. 4, 146–148

HONORIUS 393–423 a.d. (65)

Rome

575 393–395 Bust r., diad. / VBS ROMA FELIX Roma r. 2
Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 135, 67f.
576 395–400 Similar / VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor and Victory 1
Æ 3 Pearce, p. 83, 23

Constantinople

577 395–400 Similar / Similar 10
Æ 3 Pearce, p. 78,137
578 400–408 Helmeted bust / CONCORDIA AVGG Roma seated Pearce, p. 76, 126 1

Heraclea

579 395–400 Bust r., diad. / GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors 1
Æ 4 Pearce, p. 81, 21

Nicomedia

580 400–408 Helmeted bust / CONCORDIA AVGG Roma seated 2
Æ 3 Pearce, p. 86, 22
581 395–400 Bust r., diad. / VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor and Victory 2
Æ 3 Pearce, p. 88, 33

Cyzicus

582 392–395 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor stg. 1
Æ 2 RIC, ix, p. 247, 28c
583 393–400 Similar / SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory and captive; Γ 1
Æ 4 RIC, ix, p. 247, 30c
584 395–400 Similar / VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor and Victory 2
Æ 3 Pearce, p. 83, 23
585 395–400 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors 1
Æ 4 Pearce, p. 84, 25
586 400–408 Similar / Same inscription. Three emperors 1
Æ 4 Pearce, p. 84, 27

Antioch

587 392–395 Similar / Same inscription. Emperor stg. 1
Æ 2 RIC, ix, p. 294, 68d
588 395–400 Similar / VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor and Victory; B (2), Γ 5
Æ 3 Pearce, p. 95, 52
589 400–408 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors 2
Æ 4 Pearce, p. 96, 57

Alexandria

590 395–400 Similar / VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor and Victory; A 1
Æ 3 Pearce, p. 98, 17
591 400–408 Similar (star) / GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors; A 1
Æ 4 Pearce, p. 98, 23

Uncertain mint

592 Helmeted bust / CONCORDIA AVGG Roma seated 2
Æ 3 C., 4
593 Bust r., diad. / VICTORIA AVGG or AVGGG Victory l. Æ 4 cf. C., 39 1
594 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors Æ 4 C., 26 8
595 Similar / Same inscription. Three emperors Æ 4 C., 28 1
596 Similar / SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory and captive 4
Æ 4 C., 32
597 Similar / VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor and Victory 13
Æ 3 C., 56
598 Similar / Uncertain type 1

ARCADIUS or HONORIUS (70)

Rome

599 393–395 Bust r., diad. / VRBS ROMA FELIX Roma r. 1
Æ 3 RIC, ix, p. 135, 67f.

Antioch

600 395–408 Similar / VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor and Victory 6
Æ 3

Alexandria

601 395–408 Similar / Similar; A 1
Æ 3

Uncertain mint

602 Similar / Similar 62
Æ 3

THEODOSIUS II 400–450 a.d. (75)

Constantinople

603 425–450 Bust r., diad. / Cross in wreath 1
Æ 4 Sabatier, 32f.
604 400–408 Similar / CONCORDIA AVGG Cross 2
Æ 3 Pearce, p. 78, 139a
605 400–408 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors 2
Æ 4 Pearce, p. 78, 141
606 408–450 Similar / Similar 1
Æ 4 Pearce, p. 78, 140
607 400–408 Similar / Same inscription. Three emperors; B 2
Æ 4 Pearce, p. 78, 142

Antioch

608 400–408 Similar / Similar 1
Æ 4 Pearce, p. 96, 57

Alexandria

609 400–408 Similar / Similar 1
Æ 4 Pearce, p. 98, 23

Uncertain mint

610 Similar / CONCORDIA AVG Cross 17
Æ 4 Sabatier, 26
611 Similar / GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors 1
Æ 4 Sabatier, 29
612 Similar / VICTORIA AVG Victory with wreaths 1
Æ 4 Sabatier, 30
613 Similar / No inscription. Cross in wreath 11
Æ 4 Sabatier, 32f.
614 Helmeted head / CONCORDIA AVGG Roma seated 8
Æ 4 Sabatier, 25

VALENTINIAN III 425–455 a.d. (3)

Cyzicus

615 425–455 Bust r., diad. / SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory and captive 1
Æ 4 Pearce, p. 84, 28

Uncertain mint

616 Similar / Similar 1
Æ 4 C., 5
617 Similar / VOT XX in wreath 1
Æ 4 cf. Pearce, Add. p. 108

VALENTINIAN I – VALENTINIAN III (195)

Rome
VOT XV MVLT XX in wreath 1
Constantinople
CONCORDIA AVGGG Constantinople seated 2
Cyzicus
CONCORDIA AVGGG Constantinople seated 1
Antioch
GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor and captive 3
GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors 2
SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory and captive 1
Alexandria
SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory 2
CONCORDIA AVGGG Constantinople seated 1
Uncertain mint
CONCORDIA AVG or GGG Cross 8
CONCORDIA AVGG Victory with wreaths 2
GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor and captive 36
GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor stg. 1
GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors 1
GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors 1
RESTITVTOR REIP Emperor 2
SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory and captive 26
SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory 91
VICTORIA AVG, GG, or GGG Two Victories 11
VICTORIA AVGGG Victory l. 1
VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath 1
Inscription in wreath 1

MARCIAN 450–457 A.D. (12)

Constantinople

*618 450–457 Bust r., diad. / image in wreath 1
Æ 12 mm. Sabatier, 11 Plate IX

Uncertain mint

*619 450–457 Similar / Similar; with or without cross above, mint mark illeg. 5
9–11 mm. ibid.
*620 450–457 Similar / Similar, but star above 3
9,10 mm. BMC Vandals, p. 30, 98f.
*621 450–457 Similar / Similar, details uncertain 3
9, 10 mm. BMC., p. 30, 98ff.

LEO I 457–474 a.d. (28)

Constantinople

*622 457–474 Bust r., diad. / image in wreath 1
10 mm. Sabatier, 17
*623 Similar / Lion l. 2
10 mm. Sabatier, 19

Uncertain mint

*624 457–474 Similar / Emperor and captive 1
11 mm. Sabatier, 14
*625 457–474 Similar / Imperial fig. stg. holds globus cr. and transverse sceptre 12
10, 11 mm. Sabatier, 15
626 457–474 Similar / Emperor with long cross in r. 1
10 mm. Sabatier, 16
627 457–474 Similar / image in wreath 2
9, 10 mm. Sabatier, 17
*628 457–474 Similar / image in wreath 4
10, 11 mm. Sabatier, 18
629 457–474 Similar / Lion l. 4
9, 10 mm. Sabatier, 19
*630 457–474 Similar / Monogram of Martian 1
9 mm. Plate IX

ZENO 474–476 a.d. (6)

Constantinople

*631 474–476 Bust r., diad. / image in wreath 5
8, 9 mm. Sabatier, 19 Plate IX

Rome or Ravenna (?)

*632 474–475 Bust r., diad. / image in wreath 8 mm. BMC Vandals, p. 32, 123ff. 1
Plate IX

BASILISCUS 476–477 a.d. (1)

Uncertain mint

*633 476–477 Bust r., diad. / image in wreath 1
10 mm. Unpublished (?) Plate IX

IMITATIONS, AND SO-CALLED "VANDAL" (132)

Vth and VIth Cent. a.d.

*634 Bust r. / Victory l. 32
9–15 mm. BMC, p. 22 Plate IX
635 Bust r. / Victory and captive 13
9–11 mm. BMC, p. 22, 44ff.
*636 Bust r. / Victory crowning emperor 4
12–15 mm. NC, 1926, p. 89 Plate IX
*637 Bust r. / Emperor and captive 3
10–16 mm. BMC, p. 26, 63f.
638 Similar / Palm tree 5
8, 9 mm. BMC, p. 26, 68ff.
639 Similar / Lion l. 1
10 mm. BMC, p. 26, 65f.
640 Similar / Lion r. 1
9 mm. BMC, p. 26, 67 Plate IX
641 Similar / Gate 2
9, 12 mm. BMC, p. 27, 81ff.
642 Similar / image in wreath 1
9 mm. cf. BMC, p. 34, 141ff.
643 Similar / N, star above, all in wreath 1
9 mm. cf. BMC, p. 36, 154f. Plate IX
644 Similar / VOT XIII in wreath 1
9 mm. BMC, p. 28, 86ff.
645 Similar / VOT XIIII in wreath 1
9 mm. BMC, p. 29, 91ff.
646 Similar / IOT IILT, border of dots 2
9 mm. Plate IX
*647 Similar / Cross potent in wreath, linear or dotted border or without border 10
8–10 mm. cf. BMC, p. 38, 173ff. Plate IX
648 Similar / Long cross 1
10 mm. BMC, p. 40, 191ff.
649 c. 408–450 Similar / image in wreath 1
ii mm. Sabatier, i, Pl. XVIII, 29
*650 c. 450–457 Similar / image, cross above in wreath (?) 1
9 mm. cf. BMC, p. 30, 100
651 c. 474–491 Similar / image, no border 1
9 mm. cf. BMC, p. 32, 119ff.
652 c. 474–491 Similar / image, no border 1
9 mm. cf. BMC, p. 32, 127
*653 c. Vth Cent. Similar / image in wreath 9 mm. 2
654 c. 491–518 Similar / image, no border of dots, or single line 7, 8 mm. BMC, p. 32, 128ff. 14
655 c. 491–518 Similar / Similar, no border 7, 8 mm. cf. ibid. 11
*656 c. 491–518 Similar / image, linear border 8 mm. cf. Ath. Agora, ii, p. 103, 1709 1
*657 c. 491–565 Similar / image in wreath 10 mm. cf. BMC, p. 33, 140 1
658 c. VIth Cent. Similar / image in double line border 8, 9 mm. BMC, p. 37, 159f. 2
659 c. VIth Cent. Similar / Similar, in single Une border 8–9 mm. cf. ibid. 11
*660 c. VIth Cent. Facing bust, illeg. / I between stars; star in exergue 8 mm. Plate IX 1
*661 c. VIth Cent. Bust r. / ∈ on blank field. 9–12 mm. Plate IX 4
662 c. VIth Cent. Similar / ∈ star at r. ii, 12 mm. Plate IX 2
663 c. VIth Cent. Bust r. / ∈ cross at r. 14 mm. cf. Nos. 689 below Plate IX 1

VANDALS (9)

HILDERIC 523–530 a.d. (5)

664 523–530 HILD … R∈X Bust r., diad. / Cross potent in wreath 5
9, 10 mm. BMC, p. 14, 9f.

GELIMER 530–533 a.d. (4)

665 530–533 GEIL … Head r., laur. / image in wreath 2
10 mm. BMC, p. 16, 4ff. Plate IX
*666 530–533 Similar, illeg. / image in wreath 2
9, 10 mm. cf. Friedländer, M.d.Og., p. 35 Plate IX

OSTROGOTHS

THEODORIC 493–526 a.d. (1)

Ravenna

667 Illeg. bust of Justin I r. / V in wreath 1
8 mm. BMC, p. 52, 41ff.

BADUILA 541–555 a.d. (4)

Italy

668 Bust of Anastasius r. / image in wreath 2
9 mm. BMC, p. 89, 24ff.
669 Similar / image REX star above, B below within wreath 1
9 mm. BMC, p. 90, 28f.
*670 Facing bust / Lion r., star above all within wreath 1
9 mm. BMC, p. 94, 50ff.

BYZANTINE COINS

ANASTASIUS 491–518 a.d. (14)

Constantinople (?)

671 491–518 image in wreath 9
7–9 mm. BMC, p. 7, 59f.
672 498–518 ∈, pellets between arms; A, B 2
12, 13 mm. BMC, p. 7, 54ff.

Nicomedia

*673 498–518 ∈, N at r. 2
13 mm. BMC, p. 9, 73

Antioch

674 498–518 ∈, AḄN at r. 1
13 mm. cf. BMC, p. 9, 69ff.

JUSTIN I 518–527 a.d. (6)

Constantinople

675 518–527 M, stars to r. and l. 2
33, 29 mm. BMC, p. 14, 20ff.

Nicomedia

*676 518–527 image, N to l., ∈ to r. 1
13 mm. BMC, p. 16, 47ff.

Antioch

677 518–527 ∋, Tyche of Antioch 1
12 mm. BMC, p. 20, 75
*678 518–527 image in wreath 1
9 mm. Antioch , iv, p. 150, 2079

Uncertain mint

679 518–527 ∈, at r., S 1
12 mm Ath. Agora, ii, p. 104, 1749

JUSTINIAN I 527–565 a.d. (28)

Constantinople

680 527–538 M, at l., star, at r., cross 2
29, 32 mm. BMC, p. 29, 28ff.
681 544/5 M, facing bust; A 1
36 mm. BMC, p. 33, 73
682 527–538 K, profile bust; A 1
23 mm. BMC, p. 35, 102
683 538–565 I, dates partially legible 3
13–16 mm. cf. BMC, p. 38, 126ff.
*684 527–565 ∈, at r., cross 1
12–15 mm. Tolstoi, p. 269, 471f. 2

Nicomedia

685 527–538 M, at l., star, at r., cross; A 1
30 mm. BMC, p. 44, 183

Cyzicus

686 c. 558/9 I, partially legible date, year 32 (?)
15 mm. Pindar and Friedländer, Münzen Justinian, p. 45 1

Alexandria

687 527–565 I B 4
17–18 mm. BMC, p. 62, 342ff.
688 527–565 S 1
14 mm. BMC, p. 63, 347f.

Carthage (?)

*689 538–565 Facing bust / image 2
8, 10 mm. BMC, Vandals, p. liv, n. 1 Plate X

JUSTIN II 565–578 A.D. (12)

Constantinople

690 565–578 M, years 9, 12 3
30–32 mm. BMC, pp. 81f., 64, 81
691 565–578 K; years 4, 7 4
19–25 mm. BMC, p. 83, 87(2); 91
*692 565–578 ∈; monogram on obverse (cast copy) 1
17 mm. BMC, pp. 72f., 421ff., Plate X

Cyzicus

*693 565–578 K; illegible date 1
18 mm. BMC, p. 91, 185ff.
*694 565–578 ∈, K at r.; monogram on obverse 2
14, 15 mm. BMC, p. 73, 423f.

Uncertain mint

*695 565/6 I, ANNO on l., I on r. 1
16. mm cf. BMC, p. 86, 125f.

TIBERIUS II 578–582 a.d. (6)

Nicomedia

696 580/1 image, year 7 (3) 3
28–30 mm. BMC, p. 113, 68

Antioch

697 578–582 image, year 5 (2) 2
27–30 mm. BMC, pp. 117f, 94

Alexandria

698 I B 1
14 mm. BMC, p. 121, 132ff.

MAURICE TIBERIUS 582–602 a.d. (13)

Constantinople

699 585/6 M; year 4 1
30 mm. cf. BMC, p. 131, 33–36
700 586–592 K; years 5, 9, 10 3
24–27 mm. BMC, p. 135, 75, 85
701 582–602 I, star at l., to r., A 1
20 mm. BMC, p. 137, 102f.

Thessalonica

702 583–588 K; years 2, 6, (2) 3
22 mm. BMC, pp. 138f., 109ff.

Nicomedia

703 587/8 M; year 6 1
27 mm. BMC, p. 140, 130

Antioch

*704 583/90 image; years 2, 8 2
30 mm. BMC, p. 116, 84 Plate X
705 593/4 M; year 12 1
30 mm. BMC, p. 145, 178
*706 584/5 X.X; year 3 1
23 mm. Sabatier, i, p. 234, 25

PHOCAS 602–610 a.d. (2)

Thessalonica

707 602/3 K; year l 1
23 mm. BMC, p. 170, 67f.

Antioch

708 602–610 M; Phocas and Leontia stg.; date illeg. 1
26 mm. BMC, p. 175, 102ff.

HERACLIUS 610–641 a.d. (37)

Constantinople

709 c. 613–630 Two busts / VICTORIA AVGG Cross potent 1
image. 4.44 gms. BMC, p. 187, 28–30
*710 c. 612–615 M; two figures, robed; years 3 (4), 5 6
29–33 mm. BMC, pp. 197ff., 116, 118, 122, 123, 134
*711 629–640 M; two figures, Heraclius in cuirass; years 20 (4), 21 (3) 12
27–32 mm. BMC, pp. 202f., 145, 149, 153, 154, 158 etc.
712 615–630 M; three figures; year 11, and 2 illeg. 3
24–29 mm. BMC, pp. 206ff., 170ff.
713 639–641 M; three figures; year 30 22–25 mm. BMC, p. 209, 197 2
*714 619–630 Λ; two figures; years 10, 20 2
26, 27 mm. BMC, p. 210, 202f.
*715 619–630 K; years 10, 12 or 15, and 20 (2) 4
19–23 mm. BMC, p. 211, 204ff.

Cyprus

*716 625/6 M, three figures; year 16 1
24 mm. cf. BMC, p. 222, 269ff., Plate X

Nicomedia

*717 612/3 M, facing bust; year 3 1
31 mm. cf. BMC, p. 215, 233
718 612–616 M, two figures; years 3 (2), 6 3
29–31 mm. BMC, pp. 216f., 234ff., 237f., 243

Cyzicus

*719 612/3 M, two figures 1
29 mm. BMC, p. 220, 263ff.

Alexandria

720 615–630 I B Cross on pyramid 1
20 mm. BMC, p. 226, 297

CONSTANS II 641–668 a.d. (28)

Constantinople

*721 643/4 M, ANA ΝΕΟΥ, bust; year 3; A, Γ, Δ, ∈ 9
23–26 mm. BMC, pp. 266f., 93ff., Plate X
722 641–651 image, ANA NEO, standing fig. 2
25 mm. BMC, pp. 268ff., 101ff.
*723 651–656 M, ANA NEO, standing fig.; years 11, 14 5
20, 21 mm. BMC, pp. 2,70ff., 126ff.
*724 655–658 M, two figures; years 15, 17 (3) 6
20–29 mm. BMC, pp. 277ff., 181ff.
*725 659–664 M and Emperor / three figs. 3
23 mm. BMC, pp. 279ff., 199ff.
*726 663–666 M and bust / three busts 3
22 mm. BMC, pp. 283ff., 233ff.

ANONYMOUS (2)

Constantinople

727 c. 989–1028 Bust of Christ / Four line inscription 1
34 mm. Ath. Agora, ii, pp. 109f, 1864
728 c. 1028–1031 Similar / Cross on steps, three line inscription 1
40 mm. ibid., 1865

CONSTANTINE X 1059–1067 a.d. (1)

Constantinople

729 1059–1067 Two figs. / Christ stg. facing 1
28 mm. BMC, p. 517, 18ff.

JOHN II 1118–1143 a.d. (1)

Constantinople

730 1118–1143 Bust facing / Bust of Christ facing 1
16 mm. BMC, p. 565, 70f.

ISAAC II 1185–1195 a.d. (2)

Constantinople

*731 1185–1195 Emperor stg. / Virgin r., orans 1
19 mm. Unpublished (?) Plate X
*732 1185–1195 Emperor and Virgin / Christ enthroned 1
20 mm. Goodacre, p. 288, 4, Plate X

UNCERTAIN EMPEROR (1)

Constantinople

*733 c. 705–775 Bust facing / K; year 2 1
24 mm. cf. Sabatier, Pl. XI. 11,
Plate X

MEDIEVAL COINS

CYPRUS

Guido

734 1192–1194 Castle gate / Cross potent 1
Denier Sch., p. 184

Henry II

*735 1285–1324 Cross potent / Lion rampant l. 3
Denier Sch., Pl. VI. 23

Hugh IV

736 1324–1359 Similar / Similar 1
Denier Sch., Pl. VI. 26

Pierre I

737 1359–1369 King enthroned / Cross of Jerusalem 1
Gros Sch., p. 195

Pierre II

738 Similar / Similar 1
Gros Sch., p. 197

Anonymous

739 c. 1359–1382 Lion of Cyprus / Cross of Jerusalem 1
Denier Sch., Pl. VIII. 2

James I

*740 1382–1398 Lion of Cyprus / Cross potent 3
Denier Sch., Pl. VII. 9

Uncertain

741 c. Fourteenth Cent. Lion of Cyprus / Cross potent Denier 5

Janus

742 1398–1432 Lion of Cyprus / Cross of Jerusalem 2
Denier Sch., p. 198
743 1398–1432 Cross of Jerusalem / Lion of Cyprus 1
Denier Sch., Pl. VII. 13
*744 1398–1432 Cross potent / Lion of Cyprus 1
Denier Plate X

James II

745 1460–1473 Lion of Cyprus / Cross of Jerusalem Sesino Sch., Pl. VII. 24 II

Uncertain

746 XVth Cent. Similar / Similar 2
Denier

UNDER VENETIAN OCCUPATION

Francesco Venier

747 1554–1556 Cross / Lion of Cyprus 1
Sesino Sch., Pl. VIII. 5
Lorenzo Priuli
*748 1556–1559 Similar / Similar 1
Sesino Sch., Pl. VIII. 6
Gerolano Priuli
749 1559–1567 Similar / Similar 4
Sesino Sch., Pl. VIII. 7

Uncertain

750 XVIth Cent. Similar / Similar 3

JERUSALEM

Baldwin II–IV

751 XIIth Cent. Cross / Tower of David (?) 1
Obol cf. Sch., Pl. III. 24

RHODES

Pierre d'Aubusson

752 1467–1503 Cross ancree / St. John the Baptist 1
Denier Sch., Pl. X. 24

VENICE

Uncertain

*753 c. 1490–1570 Cross ornamented with pellets / Lion of St. Mark 1
Sch., Pl. XVIII. 11

COMMENTARY ON THE COINS

TIME of EUAGORAS I, c. 411–374/3 b.c. 1

In 411 b.c. Euagoras of the Teucrid family succeeded in reclaiming Salamis and the throne of his fathers which had fallen into Phoenician hands. In the following years, with the assistance of Athens, he was able to conquer most of the island. A Hellenophile, he introduced the Greek alphabet to Cyprus and encouraged Greek artists and writers at his court.

1. Circular shield, wreath on boss; in centre, image (?).

Rev.: Lion's scalp; below, API

The only published example of these coins known to the writer is in Imhoof-Blumer's Monnaies grecques (p. 300, 155) where it is attributed to Samos. Another specimen from the Newell Collection at the American Numismatic Society is here reproduced, Plate I, A. Imhoof-Blumer interpreted the API below the lion's scalp as an abbreviation of APIΣΤΟΜΑ (XOϚ) found on another Samian bronze (ibid. No. 155), obv.: Hera head between Σ and A rev.: Lion's scalp. Finding two of these rare coins at Curium casts some doubt on the attribution. On Imhoof's coin and those from the excavations (entirely illegible) the device in the centre of the wreath cannot be read. On the ANS coin it is blurred, but seems to be image (the letters of the reverse in monogram form). The practice of inscribing the king's name on both obverse and reverse is somewhat uncommon, but was followed in Cyprus as at Marium for Stasioikos I, second half of the fifth century (BMC Cyprus , p. 32, 1f.) for Stasioikos II, c. 315–312 (ibid. p. 33, 4); and at Paphos for Timocharis (?) c. 385 b.c. (ibid. p. 43, 45).

The find spot suggests the coins originated in the island, possibly at Curium and the type that they are related to a known silver issue from the time of Euagoras I. Hill noted "it is possible that Euagoras marked his conquest of some places in Cyprus [including Curium] by issuing coins there." (H. of C. p. 134, note 3.) The Curium coins referred to are of silver, a stater: obv.: Heracles strangling lion; rev.: Victorious Athena seated on prow with inscription "King A ri" in the Cypriote syllabary and four smaller coins (BMC Cyprus , p. xliii). Babelon (Perses Achémenides, pp. cxxxviii and 107) attributed the stater to Aristochos of Curium, a contemporary of Euagoras I. Hill (op. cit.) thought it more probable that the A ri referred to the Athenian Aristophanes, son of Nicophemos, who, Babelon also admits, may have become king in recognition of the important political role he played and of the immense fortune he spent in the service of Euagoras and the Greeks in Cyprus. If the coin is attributed to the latter, it should be dated between 390, when Aristophanes was still actively assisting in the conquest of the island, and 386 when he was put to death.

The types on the bronze echo those on the stater. The lion's scalp is a reference to Heracles (the dominant figure on the coinage of Euagoras); the wreathed shield, 2 to a victory. The Cypriote inscription on the silver and the Greek on the bronze is no bar to their being contemporary. On coins of Euagoras himself at Salamis (BMC Cyprus , p. 57, 55) Greek letters appear side by side with Cypriote signs in the same inscription.

2. Head of Apollo r., wearing short hair bound with taenia.

Rev.: Forepart of stag r., head turned back; in l. field, A border of dots.

3. Head of Apollo r., laur. (?), wearing long hair; border of dots.

Rev.: Similar; A in l. field.

These two denominations of a single is sue were found in the same stratum that produced coin No. 1. Although there are a number of specimens, on few are any details clear. They are not much worn, but badly corroded, swollen and split. The style, difficult (or impos- sible) to judge on such poorly preserved pieces, seems consistent with the first half on the fourth century and like the types suggestive of Ionia rather than Cyprus, the work possibly of a Greek artist brought in by Euagoras. The dotted border, however, is characteristically Cypriote. The severe, compact head of No. 2 may be compared to the Apollo on fifth-century Colophonian silver (BMC Ionia, Pl. VIII, 1). On the somewhat later bronze of the same city the head, as here, is bound by a taenia. The smaller head, No. 3, with long hair is paralleled by the corresponding "half" at Colophon. The stag with reverted head is reminiscent of Ephesus. Yet the types are eminently appropriate to Curium, for attached to the well-known sanctuary of Apollo Hylates was a refuge for deer (Aelian, NA, XI, 7). The fragmentary list of known kings of Curium offers few clues for interpreting the A on these coins as a successor to the conjectured Aristophanes. Aristochos mentioned above is a possibility.

End Notes

1
The historical material on the early rulers of Cyprus included here is largely drawn from Sir George Hill's History of Cyprus , vol. i. pp. 126ff. Isocrates Cyprian Orations, E. S. Forester edition, Oxford 1912, is the best source for Euagoras I. Diodorus, books xiv ff. passim, also covers this reign as well as that of Euagoras II and contains further references to Cyprus down to the time of Antigonus I. Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Encyclopaidie has been consulted both for earlier and later periods.
2
The shape of this shield and those held by Curium terracotta horsemen of fourth century is the same. See J. and S. Young, Terracotta, Figurines from Kurion in Cyprus , Philadelphia, 1955, p. 221, fig. C.

EUAGORAS II, c. 368–351 b.c.

On the death of Euagoras I, a son, Nicocles, reigned briefly and issued few coins. His successor, Euagoras II, was possibly a brother, possibly a son. The date of the accession of the second Euagoras is uncertain. Babelon puts it in 368, Hill in 361 b.c. The earlier date is here chosen as more consistent with the large number of his coins found at Curium. In c. 351/0 Euagoras lost his throne and was expelled from Cyprus, but returned, was taken prisoner and executed sometime after 346.

4. Head of Apollo three-quarters l., laur., draped.

Rev.: Lyre; EYA in l. field.

Hill (NC, 1926, p. 127) attributed these coins to Euagoras II at Salamis. They are no doubt coins of this king, but that they were struck at Salamis is less likely. That nineteen fourth-century coins of a single type from Salamis should turn up at Curium and only eight coins from near-by Paphos for the whole pre-Alexandrian period is improbable. The large number of coins suggests a local mint, and the types, appropriately, suggest a place sacred to Apollo. In the time of Euagoras I, Curium's relation to Salamis was that of a vassal kingdom to which the king of Salamis could grant the right of coinage (see above). There is no reason to believe that in the time of Euagoras II it was more independent. Euagoras II may well have struck coins there in his own name rather than delegate the right to an unknown local dynast.

5. Head of Apollo three-quarters l., laur.

Rev.: Mare r. suckling foal l., above EYA (illegible).

These coins and No. 4 are probably part of the same issue, No. 4 being the half, No. 5, the unit. None of the seventeen coins identified was legible. Fortunately, an example in the British Museum is well preserved and is here reproduced, Plate I, B. 3 That the horse played an important part in the life of Curium, especially in the worship of Apollo, can be inferred from the hundreds of terracotta horsemen found at Curium. These were "the standard dedications to Apollo" from the sixth to the third centuries b.c. (Young, op. cit., p. 225).

The facing head of Apollo on these two coins is too suggestive of the similar head on a diobol of Cyprus attributed to Pasicrates of Soli (Babelon, P.A., pp. cli and 113; Hill, BMC Cyprus , p. 66, here Plate I, C) to be passed over without comment. The diobol, like No. 4, has pure Apollo types, a head similar to that on the bronze, and on the reverse a tripod and the inscription ΒΑ/ΓΑ/ΣΙ. A contemporary of Pasicrates of Soli was Pasicrates of Curium. Both went with Alexander to Tyre in 332. Babelon conjectures they may have been the same person. Hill, however, citing a passage in Arrian (Anab. ii, 22, 2) where Pasicrates of Curium without the title βαριλεύς is included among the Cypriote dynasts assisting at the siege of Tyre concluded that only Pasicrates of Soli was a king (BMC Cyprus , p. xxv). If, as the excavation coins seem to show, there was a mint at Curium striking coins with types suggestive of the diobol shortly before the time of Pasicrates, it is logical to attribute these coins to the same mint and explain Arrian's omission of the title, as others have done, to exigencies of literary style.

Alexander the Great , 332–323 b.c.

After the battle of Issus and before pursuing Darius to the East, Alexander decided to conquer Tyre. In this, he had the assistance of the free kings of Cyprus. Among them, as we have seen, was Pasicrates of Curium whose ships were driven ashore and broken up. If he struck silver at Curium as suggested above, then on his return the mint may again have been active, now striking bronzes of Alexander types. For the cities of Cyprus who came to the aid of Alexander were probably granted autonomy as were those on the mainland which opened their gates to him. And "those where a mint had previously existed were allowed to continue striking coins with the proviso that the issues henceforth conform in weights and denominations with the regular coinage of the Empire." (Newell, NC, 1915, pp., 298f.).

Alexanders for the years c. 332–320 from the mints of Marion, Citium, Salamis and Paphos have been identified (Newell, NC, 1915, pp. 294ff.). From the three latter, bronzes as well as silver are known. The excavation coins suggest that possibly the minor mint at Curium also stuck bronzes of Alexander types.

6. Any identification of this half of a plated Alexander tetradrachm not based on identical dies is impossible.

7, 8, 9. Head of youthful Heracles r. in lion's scalp.

Rev.: ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ Bow in case above, club, grip l. below; below all, laurel branch to l.

No. 7, double, 19–21 mm., wgt. 9.345 gms.

No. 8, unit, 15–18 mm., wgt. 3.70–5.63 (average 5 gms.; mean 4.67 gms.)

No. 9, half, 10–12 mm., wgt. 1.98 gms. (laurel branch not visible)

Only a few of these coins were weighed. The condition of the majority permits of no approximation of the weight.

The laurel branch is an appropriate emblem for this or any city of Apollo. It can be detected on twenty-one of the fifty-six bronze Alexanders from the excavations. Another twenty-one, where the symbol is obliterated, have a similar disposition of bow-case and club. This arrangement is characteristic of the Alexanders from Paphos; the die positions, → or ← are also usual for that city. The symbol, laurel branch, in almost identical form appears on a series of tetra- drachms from Paphos (Newell, NC, 1915, p. 318, 7 and J. M. F. May, NC, 1952, p. 5, V). At New Paphos, as well as at Curium, there was a sanctuary of Apollo Hylates. But the fact that twenty-one coins with the symbol, laurel branch were found in the excavations and only two with image, the certain mint mark of Paphos, leads me to attribute the variety with laurel branch to Curium, possibly as a branch of the Paphos mint.

End Notes

3
I am indebted to Mr. G. K. Jenkins for his kindness in sending the cast.

ANTIGONUS /, 323–301 b.c. and DEMETRIUS POLIORCETES 306–295 b.c.

After the death of Alexander, the rich island of Cyprus, important alike to Antigonus in Asia Minor and to Ptolemy in Egypt, was a prize just beyond the grasp of either and consequently a source of constant strife between them. After Perdiccas's death in 321, Antipater and Antigonus enjoyed virtual control of the Aegean. Later, in 316, with the execution of Eumenes, Antigonus became the strongest of all claimants to the succession of Alexander. Yet in Cyprus itself Ptolemy was steadily increasing his power. In 321 b.c. the kings of Salamis, Paphos, Soli and Amathus were his allies and in the following years other cities were taken by siege or otherwise brought over to his side. By 316/315 (Hill, H. of C. pp. 158ff.), or more probably later in c. 312 (Svoronos, iv, p. 17), Ptolemy's position was such that he could appoint Nicocreon strategos of Cyprus and receiver of all revenues and, at the same time, install his brother Menelaus as commander of the troops. Finally in a punitive campaign, 311/310, by the murder of Pumitheon of Citium and with Nicocles of Paphos (Diodorus, XX, 21), or as Hill preferred (op. cit. p. 160) Nicocreon of Salamis, driven to suicide, Ptolemy achieved complete mastery of Cyprus. His conquest was short lived. In 306 b.c. Demetrius, at his father's order, attacked Ptolemy, routed him in a disastrous sea battle off Salamis and restored the island to Antigonus. The latter held it until his death in 301. Demetrius inherited it, but in 295 b.c. Cyprus was reconquered and again became part of the Ptolemaic kingdom.

During the years of disputed control of Cyprus, c. 320–311, while some local dynasts issued coins with their own names and types, 4 the mints at Salamis, from 320–300, and at Citium, for sometime after 320, continued to strike gold and silver Alexanders (Newell, NC, 1915, pp. 308f., 11–29, and 303, 11, 12). If after 320 the autonomy of these cities and their right to strike an independant coinage was in dispute, then inspite of Ptolemy's influence a certain control over the coinage seems to have been assumed by Antigonus. No change was made in the obverse of the Cypriote tetradrachms to conform with that introduced by Ptolemy in the coinage of Alexandria in 318 b.c. (B. Emmons, ANSMN, VI, 1954, p. 70). But in c. 316 (Newell, C. of D. P. pp. 18f.) a new type of small bronze, Macedonian shield with helmet on reverse (No. 15, Plate I) was introduced at Salamis and superceded the conventional Alexander bronzes. These can with some certainty be attributed to Antigonus with his ostensible loyalty to Macedon. In about this same year at Tarsus where Antigonus was in control of the mint similar coins with identical symbol, the caduceus, were struck (H. Goldman, Excavations at Gözlü Kule, Tarsus , I, p. 41, Princeton, 1950). Coins of this type are commonly found in Asia Minor, almost never in Syria or Egypt. The repetition of the same magistrates' initials on both the silver and the bronze shows that at Salamis, if not elsewhere in Cyprus, Antigonus was in control of the mint.

The output of shields seems to have been discontinued after Ptolemy's conquest of the island in 311 and they were supplanted by bronzes inscribed ΠΟΛΕΜAIOY. When, however, the island was again in Antigonus's hands, the shields may have re-appeared from 306–301(?).

14. Macedonian shield, Gorgon's head on boss.

Rev.: Macedonian helmet; B A in upper field, caduceus and image below.

15. Similar.

Rev.: Similar, but image in lower r. field.

These coins were attributed by Newell (C. of D. P., p. 18) to the mint at Salamis in the years c. 316–306 b.c. for the same magistrates' marks, image and image, appear on gold and silver Alexanders struck at that mint and dated by Newell to those years (NC, 1915, pp. 309f.).

That the coins were introduced c. 316 b.c. seems reasonable. That they continued to be struck down to 306 is more doubtful. During the years 311–306 Ptolemy was issuing bronzes of similar value in his own name in Cyprus (Svoronos, ii, nos. 74–82) and, as the Curium finds Nos. 31–35 show, probably in sufficient quantity to supply the needs of the island. No bronze has been attributed to Cyprus for the period 306–301 b.c. when Antigonus was again in power and before Demetrius issued his own types.

It is possible that the coins with the monogram image were struck c. 316–312; image is known only on silver of the series dated 316–306. Those signed image may be a re-issue after 306. The monogram appears not only in the 316–306 series, but recurs later on tetradrachms of Demetrius from the years 300–295 b.c. (Newell, C. of D. P., p. 24,17). The number of coins identified with the monogram image suggests they were struck over a longer period than those with image. Whether the latter were a reissue after 306 is uncertain and that the shield type continued down to 300 is doubtful. The following type, No. 18, now generally dated from 300–295 b.c., may well have been introduced earlier, within a year or two after the battle of 306 it was designed to commemorate.

18. Youthful male head (Demetrius ?) r., wearing Corinthian helmet adorned with bull's horn.

Rev.: B A above prow r., beneath prow, image.

These coins were attributed by Newell (ibid. p. 25, 20) to the mint at Salamis and to the years 300–295 b.c. In recognition of his victory over Ptolemy in 306, Demetrius received the title of King from his father, Antigonus; but it was not until after the latter's death in 301 that the son displayed his own name on the silver coinage and possibly not until then his portrait (?) on the bronze. One might even question whether he had any authority over the coinage during Antigonus's lifetime.

19. This coin with the preceding types and illegible monogram is a half. The denomination, not recorded for Salamis, is common at Tarsus (ibid. p. 48, 34 and p. 50, 40), possibly the source of our coin.

20. In his publication of this anepigraphic coin with types of anchor and bipennis, Hill (NC, 1926, p. 127) suggested it might date from the time of Demetrius Poliorcetes for whom the types are appropriate. Its usual provenance is Cyprus. The mint is not known.

End Notes

4
Nicocreon (BMC Cyprus , p. 64–85) and Menelaus, gold only, at Salamis, (ibid. p. cxiii, 76). Nicocles at Paphos (BMC Cyprus , p. lxxix, 7); Eunostus at Soli (Mrs. Brett Trans. Int. Num. Congress, London, 1936, p. 26 and Newell AJN, xlvii, p. 69, no. 31); Pumitheon at Citium (BMC Cyprus , pp. 21f., 75 A).

PTOLEMY I (SOTER), 323–285 b.c.

Ptolemy I ruled in Egypt nominally as satrap for Philip Aridaeus and Alexander IV until 311, and then independently. Cyprus was in his hands from 311–306, then lost to Antigonus. He recovered Cyprus in 295 from Demetrius and annexed it firmly to Egypt. In 285, he abdicated in favor of his son, Ptolemy II.

In Cyprus, between 311 and 306 b.c., Ptolemy I struck small bronzes of local character (Nos. 31–35). After 295, he again struck small bronzes (Nos. 37–40), now of a more general type, the head of Alexander on the obverse. The latter are included among Sv. 101–180 described as struck in Egypt, some possibly elsewhere, and destined for foreign trade, but are attributed by Poole and Mrs. Brett to Cyprus (Poole, BMC Ptolemies, p. 8, and Mrs. Brett, Int. Num. Congress, London, 1936, p. 26, note 2). Svoronos attributed no coins of Ptolemy I to Cyprus in years 295–285. Yet to Ptolemy II in Cyprus from the first year of his reign, he ascribed an abundant series of coins in all three metals (Sv. 547–602), implying the existence of a flourishing Cypriote mint before the second Ptolemy came to the throne. The Curium coins seem to show that Ptolemy I had established such a mint, probably at Paphos.

29. Alexander's head r. in elephant's scalp.

Rev.: ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ Athena fighting r.; symbol in r. field obscure.

This plated drachm, attributed to the mint at Alexandria by Svoronos (Sv. iv, p. 11), has now been convincingly dated 312–305 b.c. by Brooks Emmons (ANSMN, VI, 1954, p. 70). Although plated the coin has the appearance of an official issue and supports Miss Emmons' theory that Ptolemy I experienced a great shortage of silver.

31–34. Head of Aphrodite r. wearing ornamented stephanos.

Rev.: ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ Eagle l. on thunderbolt.

These coins as well as No. 35 are from Cyprus in the years 311–306.

No. 31 is without monogram. No. 32, only partially legible, may correspond to Sv. 76. No. 33, somewhat vague, seems a new variety with image (?). No. 34 should come at the beginning of the series, the wreath emblematic of Ptolemy's conquest of the island in 311 b.c.

35. Head of Aphrodite r., hair bound by taenia.

Rev.: ΠΤΟΛΕ Eagle l. on thunderbolt; wreath in field.

Poole (BMC Ptolemies, p. 7) attributed Nos. 31–34 to Paphos and No. 35 tentatively to Salamis, influenced no doubt by the types of Aphrodite heads which recall those on the corresponding city coinages. An alternative suggestion, that the coins are two denominations of a single mint, rather than two coinages, is implied by Svoronos in assigning both types to Cyprus, not specifying a mint. The Paphian type on the larger denomination argues vaguely for Paphos as the mint of origin. Although it is possible that the mint at Salamis struck in turn coins for Antigonus, Ptolemy, Antigonus again and Demetrius, it seems to the writer more likely that Ptolemy I used only the mint at Paphos for bronze, while probably the output of tetradrachms (see above p. 84) continued at Salamis.

37–39. Head of Alexander r., wearing horned diadem.

Rev.: ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ Eagle standing l. on thunderbolt; in l. field aplustre or other symbol.

Poole places these in Cyprus early in the interval, 295–285 B.C., the very earliest being those with the aplustre which Mrs. Brett points out (op. cit.) is symbolic of Ptolemy's re-conquest of Cyprus.

The remaining coins of Ptolemy I, from the excavations, Nos. 41–49, are included among those attributed by Svoronos to Egypt and destined for local use. All bear the title ΒΑΣΙΛΕΟΣ omitted on the earlier Cypriote coins.

41–43. Head of Zeus r., laur.

Rev.: ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΟΣ Eagle stg. l. on thunderbolt; two monograms in l. field.

In each case, the upper monogram is image, the lower varies.

44–46. The next lower denomination of this class has head of Alexander in elephant's scalp, the reverse as on Nos. 41–43, but with single monogram in field, Σ, image and image.

47, 48. These, the smallest denomination, resemble Nos. 37–39 with Alexander's head wearing horned diadem; the reverse inscription reads ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ and there is a single magistrate's mark in l. field, image and Σ (the latter coin not known to Svoronos).

Perhaps for a short time after 295 b.c., Ptolemy contented himself with striking only small bronze in Cyprus, Nos. 37–39. These minor pieces are clearly inadequate to fill the needs of an area formerly issuing gold and silver in considerable quantities. With Ptolemy firmly intrenched in Cyprus and the threat of re-conquest by Demetrius minimal, it must have seemed more expedient to strike coins in Cyprus than to ship specie from Egypt. The new mint, or expansion of the old, would have followed the Egyptian model and possibly entailed the transfer of officials and workmen from Alexandria. The output of workmen trained at Alexandria would be stylistically indistinguishable from the product of the mother mint.

A good criterion for dividing the Cypriote issues, if any, from the Egyptian would be provenance. The excavation coins provide this evidence, but perhaps on too small a scale to be conclusive. Svoronos recorded a long series of 28 mm. bronzes all of similar type and style. These he divided into two groups: one with A as the constant upper letter and varying monograms below (Sv. 269–288), the other, a somewhat smaller group with image in the upper place (Sv. 289–303). All the Curium coins of this denomination belong to the second group. The signatures on all the small Curium pieces for the post–295 b.c. period (Nos. 37–39 and 44–46 with image or X, ΔΙ, Σ, image and image) recur in combination with image (Sv. 303, 291, 300,299 and 293). Of these ΔΙ and image as well as TI (Sv. 135 and 226) on the small bronze are combined only with image on the larger, never with A. image common with image is less helpful to our argument for it is also known on a single specimen with A. It is reasonable to conclude that the series of larger bronze with image is Cypriote and that the smaller denominations with heads of Alexander and monograms recurring with image are also Cypriote; finally, the coincidence is too striking to be ignored, image may be read as Paphos and A as Alexandria.

49. Head of Ptolemy Soter r. diademed.

Rev.: Eagle stg.l.; illegible.

When legible, this coin has in the field on the reverse, either a dolphin or Σ and dolphin. Since Σ is known combined both with A and with image and a dolphin is no more characteristic of an island than a port, only on grounds of provenance can this small coin be attributed to Cyprus.

PTOLEMY II (PHILADELPHUS), 285–246 b.c.

Ptolemy II succeeded to the throne in 285 b.c. In Cyprus, from the first year of his reign, Svoronos ascribes to him a rich series of dated coins, which came to an end in 266 B.C., the year Y.

In the same year, 266/5, Tyre adopted a new system for dating its coinage. That mint's output which had been largely bronze before 266, after 266 was predominantly silver. The change is explained as Tyre's assuming the production of a currency formerly supplied by Cyprus, and which the island was no longer in a position to strike (Sv. iv, p. 104).

The occasion for closing the Cyprus mint, according to Svoronos (Sv. iv, p. 102) was Ptolemy's loss of the battle of Cos to Antigonus Gonatas and with it perhaps Cyprus as well. This hypothesis based on the slender evidence of the coincidence of dates in the closing and opening of two mints has understandably been given little credence. The Curium coins, however, both local and imported pieces, do much to confirm it. From the reign of no other Ptolemy did the excavations produce so many imported coins. These can be accounted for as change brought in by troops coming from Egypt and Tyre to re-inforce Cyprus, possibly the base for mustering the fleet against Gonatas as it was also conjectured to be in the third Syrian War (Hill, H. of C. i, p. 186). The majority of the imports are dated before 266, many from about that year. The trident countermark, common on the local coins (18 of our 36 are so marked) suggests a change in policy or of authority at the mint, probably the latter. Gonatas chose the trident, emblem of naval supremacy, as a symbol on tetradrachms which Imhoof-Blumer (MG. pp. 123–129) believed were struck in commemoration of his victory in the battle of Cos. If, as Svoronos suggested and Regling concurred, Cyprus fell to Gonatas as a result of that battle, the trident would have been an appropriate countermark to indicate his overlordship of the island gained by victory at sea. 5 It is not within the competence of the writer nor within the scope of this paper to elaborate on Svoronos' surmise that the cause of the closing of the Cyprus mint in c. 265 b.c. was Ptolemy's loss of the battle of Cos 6 beyond giving the relevant evidence of the coins and the countermarks.

50-56. Head of Alexander r. wearing elephant's scalp (Nos. 50, 53–56) or head of Ammon (Nos. 51, 52).

Rev.: ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ Eagle l. on thunderbolt; between legs, a letter indicating date.

These coins were struck in Egypt and dated on an era based on the deification of Arsinoë, 271/70 b.c. Six of the coins, Nos. 50–52, are from 267/6 and 266/5, the time of the crisis in Cyprus, the other five, probably several years later. No. 53 is catalogued as ⊙, 263/2, but may, like Nos. 54 and 55, be O, 256/5 b.c. It has not been possible to check coins identified some years ago. The O on both specimens of No. 56 has been verified. Svoronos noted the marks are practically indistinguishable.

57–65. Head of Zeus r., laur.

Rev.: ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ Eagle with open wings l. on thunderbolt; in l. field oval shield, image above, sometimes monogram below; monogram or, more usually, date, between legs.

Svoronos attributes these coins, together with a smaller denomination No. 66, 67, to Cyprus. The dates denote regnal years. image was ingeniously read as "son of Soter," but the same monogram on an Alexander stater and drachm of Teos (M. Thompson and A. R. Bellinger, Greek Coins in the Yale Collection, IV: A Hoard of Alexander Drachms, Yale Un. Press, 1955, p. 18) makes it probable that this too is a magistrate's mark. The mark image on No. 65 Svoronos equated with image on the silver and suggested (on one example) that it may be the year T (Sv. ii, p. 86). His argument is not convincing, but that they come late in the series and possibly from the year T, a comparison of Nos. 65 and 59, year Δ, on Plate II will show. The latter was much worn when countermarked, the former fresh, the fine lines of the feathers plainly visible between the prongs of the trident. The other examples of No. 65 also show little wear before counterstamping. Coins of this type are recorded for the years Π, P and Y; Σ and T, 268–266 b.c., remain the only years to which a group late in the series and before 266/5 (year of probable transfer of the mint to Tyre) can be assigned. Sv. 552 and 553 with image and image are large issues, consistent with preparations for war.

The dating of No. 65 to the year T, 267/6, is not certain. Another possibility still later in the series and also suggested by Svoronos (Sv. ii, pp. 83, 86), is that image and image be read as Φ, the year 265/4. The triangular Φ is not uncommon in Cypriote inscriptions. 7 This pushes forward the closing of the Cyprus mint by one year, so that is no longer synchronizes perfectly with the new system of dating and the steady production of silver initiated at Tyre in 266/5 b.c. For that year at Tyre only two tetradrachms are recorded, a tentative beginning for the series. In the following year 265/4, the output was more normal and the 264/3 and 262/1 issues were large. In these last years, i. e. from 264 on, it seems quite certain no coins were being struck in Cyprus. This makes the change from Cyprus to Tyre as the source for a large part of the non-Alexandrian silver in the reign of Ptolemy II less abrupt, but no less real.

69–71. Head of Alexander wearing elephant's scalp.

Rev:. ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ Eagle l. on thunderbolt; in l. field, two or three monograms.

These coins are included in Svoronos' group 338–387, assigned to Egypt and to the years 285–271 B.C., before the deification of Arsinoë and before the dated coinage, Nos. 50–56 above. Regling (Sv. iv, p. 464) isolated certain coins as incompatible with that group as a whole. Among the coins rejected by him are our Nos. 69, 70 and 71. He did not suggest they might be Cypriote. But there are reasons besides the fact that they were found at Curium for so classifying them. On the basis of KI on coins No. 71, Poole (BMC Ptolemies, p. 18, 26) attributed them to Citium, together with the corresponding silver. The class of large bronze, here represented by Nos. 58–66, is notably lacking in the smaller 20 mm. size. Rare dated specimens are known for only three of its twenty years' duration, and there are few undated pieces, Nos. 67, 68. Adding Nos. 69–71 to the series makes a more normal proportion between the two denominations and the recurrence of XAP in monogram on both groups provides a link between them. 8

73–75. The club as symbol places these coins in Tyre; they are dated before 266 b.c. The Curium pieces present no new evidence on whether the letters above the club, Π and Σ, on Nos. 74, 75 are dates and if so are to be reckoned on the era of Tyre or as regnal years (see Sv. iv, pp. 106f. and 467f). The letter on No. 75 seems, like Svoronos' illustration (Pl. XIX, 7) , to be Σ not I.

76. Also from Tyre, this coin is dated 271–246 by Svoronos, but is assigned to the reign of Ptolemy III by Poole (BMC, p. 53, 67).

77–79. Svoronos allotted these undated coins with the symbol cornucopiae to Sidon in the years c. 271–246 B.C., and Poole, to Ptolemy III at an uncertain mint (BMC, p. 54, 84). Finding the coins at Curi- um suggests they come from a Cyprus mint, but a lack of statigraphical evidence leaves them uncertainly assigned to the last years of Ptolemy II or early in the reign of Ptolemy III.

End Notes

5
Countermarking only the Ptolemaic bronze seems normal practice. After his conquest of Egypt in 171/170 b.c., Antiochus IV counterstamped only the bronze with the Seleucid anchor. Copper, the "demotisches Geld" as Giesecke calls it, was handled by the entire populace and a better propaganda medium than silver.
6
That the battle of Cos took place in the Chremonidean War (267–261 ?) is the opinion of Wilamowitz (Göttingische Gelehrte Anzeiger. 176, 1914, p. 87) who dates it 265–260 b.c., W. Otto (ibid. p. 653) who agrees and E. Bikerman (Revue des Études anciennes, 40, 1938, pp. 369ff.) proposing the date 263–261. The coins support this dating rather than the later years of 258 (Tarn, Cambridge Ancient History, vii, (1928) pp. 862f.) and 256 b.c. (W. Peremans, Rev. belge, 12, (1933) pp. 50ff.)
If Cyprus was indeed lost to Antigonus there is no corroborating evidence unless one accepts the omission of Cyprus in Theocritus's enumeration of the territories of Ptolemy II (Idyll xvii, Encomium of Ptolemy). This paucity of evidence leads one to believe any forfeiture of the island was brief. Certainly it must have been returned to Egypt during this reign. In the Adulis inscription (CIG 5127, Bouché-Leclercq, Histoire des Lagides, vol. i, p. 178, 1, Paris, 1903) Cyprus is listed among the lands inherited by Ptolemy III from his father. The three, possibly four, Egyptian coins from the year 256/5 found at Curium (Nos. 54–56) suggest the island was restored to Egypt shortly after that date, perhaps in the peace between Ptolemy II and Antigonus of 255 or 253 (dates proposed by Bengston, Griechische Geschichte, 1950, p. 383 and Bikerman, Revue des études anciennes, 40, 1938, pp. 369f.). It seems much less probable that Cyprus remained out of Egyptian hands until 247 b.c. (Sv. iv, p. 102).
7
See e.g., the "Arsinoës Philadelphou" inscription from Hyalousa in the Carpass, Paul Perdrizet, BCH 20 (1896) p. 359.
8
In re-attribution I suggest that Sv. 366 and 377–379 be returned to Citium as Poole proposed. Sv. 362, tetradrachms with EY/image, and Sv. 363, with similar monograms, probably come from the mint at Paphos; of the latter No. 69 here and No. 549 from Soli (Westholm, T. of Soli, p. 113) are examples found in Cyprus. To Paphos also are to be ascribed Sv. 367 and 368, gold and silver with ΣΤ/image, and related to Sv. 556, 557 (No. 58) with image between the eagle's legs. To Paphos or Citium the single tetradrachm, Sv. 369, with ΣΤ/image. Included among Regling's rejects are coins with the signature ΔΙ. One specimen of Sv. 381 with ear of wheat and ΔΙ has been countermarked with the trident, a characteristic Cypriote mark of this period as the catalogue shows. This is very slight evidence on which to base an attribution, but it quite possibly indicates that these coins, too, belong to the island, perhaps to Salamis.

PTOLEMY III (EUERGETES), 246–221 b.c.

Coins of Ptolemy III from Cyprus of the well-known type, 80–82, are not rare, yet only five examples turned up at Curium. Even if we add to these the three coins, 77–79, it is difficult to account for the small number of coins from this reign in proportion to the quantities found for Ptolemy II and Ptolemy IV.

80–82. Head of Zeus Ammon r.

Rev.: ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ statue of the Paphian Aphrodite stg. facing on base, wears polos and long chiton.

These coins are now generally attributed to Cyprus, a well-attested finding place for them (Imhoof-Blumer, Nomisma, viii, p. 12; Babelon, I. W., RN, 1898, p. 203, nos. 4836/7; BMC Cyprus , p. lxxxi). The reverse type is accepted as a cultus statue of Aphrodite. On Paphian coins of the fourth century (Nos. 23–25) and on early coins of Ptolemy I (Nos. 31–34) Aphrodite wears a similar high crown. The figure on these coins evidently represents the same goddess.

Svoronos' surmise (Sv. iv, p. 178) that the coins originated in the Peloponessus is not supported by finds from the excavations at Corinth (Edwards, Corinth, iv, Coins, p. 73), where all of the sixteen coins from this reign are of traditional types.

The standing figure on this bronze is very similar to a symbol found on contemporary Rhodian tetradrachms (BMC Caria, Pl. XXXVIII, 3). The similarity has been variously explained or explained away. Imhoof-Blumer thought the resemblance merely that of two figures represented in the same hieratic convention (Nomisma, viii, p. 12). If the symbol on the tetradrachms is more than a coincidence, it may have been chosen, as Svoronos suggested (Sv. iv, p. 199), in grateful recognition of Ptolemy's gift of a thousand talents of bronze to Rhodes after the devastating earthquake of 225 b.c. (Polybius, V, 89). The copper coins constituting the gift can then be assumed to be of this type and quite logically to have been shipped from Cyprus with its copper mines, a convenient source of supply.

PTOLEMY IV (PHILOPATER), 221–204 b.c.

85. Head of Arsinoë III r., wearing stephane.

Rev.: ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ Double cornucopiae.

These coins have long been attributed to Cyprus. All 42 of the Curium specimens and also the two found at Soli (Westholm, pp. 110 and 113, nos. 487, 548) have the double cornucopiae of Sv. 1160. On worn examples it is difficult to distinguish between the double and single cornucopiae, but on none of our pieces can the single be definitely identified. The writer has a coin of this type, with single cornucopiae, found at Lapethos, indicating probably that the two varieties were struck at different mints in Cyprus. The flans of these small pieces are of two kinds, thick beveled cast flans and those with vertical edges, neatly cut from a cylindrical ingot. The Curium coins are divided about two-thirds cast and one-third cut.

86. This coin of conventional types, but with K on the obverse, was assigned by Poole (BMC Ptolemies, p. 62, 4, 8) to Cyprus and by Svoronos (Sv. iv, p. 229) to Crete. The latter attribution Regling was reluctant to accept, saying that only knowledge of provenance would determine the mint. This single example is slight evidence, but supports Poole's identification. The K alone on this example presents no difficulties of interpretation, but, as Svoronos points out, it is not easy to resolve image on similar pieces into KΥΠΡ.

PTOLEMY V (EPIPHANES), 203–181 b.c.

In 203 B.C., after some delay, the death of the dissolute Ptolemy IV and his queen Arsinoë III was announced by the king's ministers. These men then became regents for the infant Ptolemy V and under their mismanagement much of the kingdom was lost, notably Phoenicia and Palestine.

A long series of gold and silver from various Cyprus mints was issued under Ptolemy V, apparently filling not only the quota for Cyprus, but for the lost Phoenician mints as well. With the gold and silver Svoronos cites only a single bronze piece in his catalogue, but the following coins may also date from this reign in Cyprus.

87–89. Head of Zeus Ammon r.

Rev.: ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ Eagle with closed wings standing l. on thunderbolt, lotus in I. field.

Coins of this character were attributed by Poole to Ptolemy V, but nowhere in Svoronos' catalogue was I able to find the examples from the British Museum collection recorded. Svoronos listed similar coins under Ptolemy II at an uncertain mint. (Sv. 841–843). Regling pointed out that this attribution was doubtful because they could be connected with no silver or gold issue of that reign. That Svoronos himself was undecided is suggested by his associating them with similar coins of Ptolemy VI (our Nos. 95, 96; Sv. 1407,1408) referring for comparison to both Pl. XLVIII illustrating 1407, 1408 and to Pl. XXIV on which his 841–843 appear. Such close simularity is to be expected between coins struck in successive reigns, not between coins separated by a hundred-year interval. Other coins of the same type and symbol appear in the reign of Ptolemy VIII, Sv. 1636–1639. The groups are distinguished by a progressive deterioration in style.

Nos. 87–89 belong to the first of the three groups. They are carefully and rather delicately engraved and struck on reasonably circular flans. The head of Zeus is drawn with a sure hand, the hair and beard controlled. The detail of the eagle is painstaking; the leg feathers do not reach the foot. The eagles on the bronze resemble those on Ptolemy V's silver from Paphos, especially those signed by Polycrates early in the reign, and it is to that reign in Cyprus (Salamis ?) that Poole assigns the coins (BMC, p. 70, 28ff.). The lotus on this early group is shown with open petals; on the later coins it is a half-open bud.

PTOLEMY VI (PHILOMETOR), 181–146 b.c.

92, 93. Head of Zeus Ammon r.

Rev.: ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΣΩΕ Eagle with closed wings; in l. field, lotus; Σ or ΣΕ between legs.

The Σ is not clear, but has precisely the form of that shown on BMC pl. XX, 8 to which Svoronos refers.

Svoronos's tentative identification of Σ (No. 92) and ΣΕ (No. 93) with the name Seleucus Bithys, nauarch and high priest of Cyprus (Sv. iv, p. 285) finds support in the Curium finds. Svoronos, Regling and Poole agree that the numerous similar coins with the lotus, but with EYA between the eagle's legs are from Egypt, under the regency of Eulaeus. Nos. 92 and 93 are recorded from single specimens, the first in the British Museum (BMC Ptolemies, p. 87, 73) and No. 93 in Berlin, yet it is these rare varieties that turn up at Curium and none of the commoner, undoubtedly Egyptian pieces.

95, 96. These coins are of the preceding type with lotus in field, but without letters between the eagle's legs. They are not easily confused with Nos. 87–89, but more nearly resemble No. 107, here listed under Ptolemy VIII. As is expected with excavation coins, the Curium coins of all groups show wear and erosion. Few specimens were on hand at one time for comparative examination, consequently, the number assigned to each group of these small coins with lotus can be only approximate.

99. Head of youthful Dionysus r., bound with ivy, thyrsus over shoulder.

Rev.: Illegible. Eagle l, with open wing; symbol illegible.

This coin is very similar to Svoronos' 1800β, Pl. LVI, 8, listed under Ptolemy VI. Poole (BMC Ptolemies, p. 99, 135) assigned it to Ptolemy VIII and Regling suggested the head might be a portrait of young Ptolemy IX. To whatever reign it is assigned, there is at least unanimity on its Cypriote origin.

PTOLEMY VIII (EUERGETES II), 170–116 b.c.

Ptomely VIII although dating his reign from 170 b.c. did not really become king until 146, when he returned from Cyrene and succeeded his murdered nephew Ptolemy VII in Egypt.

101–105. These coins are of the traditional types with the addition of a date above the lotus in l. field. The series is attributed to Cyprus and dated, with some gaps, from 144–129 b.c.

106. Similar to the above, but with sceptre held in the eagle's wing, the coin is undated, as is No. 107. Both are probably from the Paphos mint.

107. Svoronos lists these coins under both Ptolemy VIII (Sv. 1639) and Ptolemy X (Sv. 1705). All are here given to Ptolemy VIII.

108. A crested helmet in the l. field is the distinguishing mark of these bronzes.

In his catalogue, Svoronos listed Nos. 106, 107 and 108 under Egypt, but in his text (Sv.iv, pp. 315f.) placed them in Cyprus and in the years immediately after 129 b.c., when the dated series (Nos.101-105) came to an end. The crested helmet, cap with strings and star are Cypriote symbols appearing at various times on coins of Paphos, Salamis and Citium, and after the reign of Ptolemy VIII, they are the usual symbols usurping the place of the lotus.

109. This coin, again of the usual types, is the smallest denomination of a series inscribed ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ assigned to Cyprus and dated by Svoronos to the last four years of the reign of Ptolemy VIII.

PTOLEMY X (SOTER II, LATHYRUS), 116–80 b.c. PTOLEMY XI (ALEXANDER I), 114–88 B.C.

Ptolemy VIII left the regency to his widow, Cleopatra III. She preferred the younger prince, Alexander, as colleague, but could secure for him only the governorship of Cyprus. In 114, however, he proclaimed himself king and reckoned his regnal years from that date. Ptolemy X, Soter II, reckoned his from 116 b.c. when he was called to Egypt at the death of his father. In 108/107, Cleopatra caused Soter II to flee from Egypt and seek refuge in Cyprus, while Ptolemy XI joined his mother in Egypt. In 88 B.C., Alexander died and Soter II, returning to Egypt, reigned alone until his death in 80 B.C.

110–114. Finding these coins at Curium supports Svoronos' attribution of them to Cyprus, but on whether they were struck by the authority of Ptolemy X or XI, there is no further evidence. The coins listed under No. 114 seem to be without symbol, but it is possible that on some it has been effaced.

116, 117. Head of Zeus Ammon r.

Rev.: Illegible. Eagle stg. l. on thunderbolt; in l. field, star above Δ or T.

Svoronos (Sv. iv, p. 333) interpreted the letters Δ and T as regnal years of Ptolemy XI, 110 and 95 b.c. In both years, he said, Ptolemy XI was reigning alone, a fact symbolized by the single eagle. Other coins in the series have Η, K, Λ and M in the field and two eagles; these he considered emblematic of a joint reign with Ptolemy X in 107, 104, 103 and 102 b.c. To Regling, the entire argument, including the strict interpretation of the meaning of the two eagles, was suspect. It seems safe to conclude that the coins are Cypriote from this joint reign, but to identify them with Ptolemy XI is less certain. Poole, unfamiliar with the rare coins with two eagles, attributed No. 116 to Ptolemy, King of Cyprus.

118. Head of Zeus Ammon r.; star in upper r. field.

Rev.: ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣ… Two eagles stg. l. on thunderbolt; scepter over shoulders.

The style of the reverse is close to that of No. 111 (see also Svoronos, iii, Pl. LVIII, 21); and the obverse recalls No. 116 and is related to that coin by the symbol, star.

119. Head of Zeus Ammon r.

Rev.: ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ Eagle stg. l. on thunderbolt, in l. field, cap with strings.

Four of these coins measure 23/24 mm., one 18 mm.; the last is possibly a second denomination. In general style, low relief and fabric, they resemble Nos. 116 and 117. The cap has the high, sometimes conical shape seen on Svoronos' No. 1700 (Pl. LVIII, 17) from the reign of Ptolemy X and Ptolemy XI. On these grounds, the coins are here given to that joint reign and to the Paphos mint.

PTOLEMY XIII (NEOS DIONYSOS) 80–58 b.c. and 55–51 b.c.

Ptolemy XIII, sumamed Auletes, was called to the throne of Egypt after the nineteen-day reign of Ptolemy XII. At the same time, his brother was made king of Cyprus. Heretofore, the reigning Ptolemy had been "the king ruling in Cyprus." Now Cyprus and Egypt were distinct. Ptolemy XIII seems to have disassociated himself from the affairs of the island, and the King of Cyprus negotiated directly with Rome. Whatever the political division may have been, dated Ptolemaic tetradrachms have been attributed to Cyprus for these years. Svoronos and Regling agreed that Ptolemy XIII, alone, had the right of coinage. Poole, on the other hand, attributed the Cypriote issues for these years to Ptolemy, King of Cyprus. In 58 B.C., Cyprus became a Roman province. Ptolemy XIII, in exile from 58–55 B.C., returned in 55 with the support of Rome and as puppet king. At that time Cyprus was probably returned to Egypt for joint administration.

120, 121. These coins of the usual types and crude style, Svoronos catalogued under Ptolemy XI, but in his text admitted the style might be later, Regling thought the style certainly later and Poole listed No. 120 under Ptolemy, King of Cyprus (BMC Ptolemies, p. 120, 48ff.). They are here attributed to the years suggested by Regling and Poole.

CLEOPATRA VII AND PTOLEMY XIV, XV AND XVI 51-30 b.c.

Cleopatra, the daughter of Ptolemy XIII, was the dominant figure of this reign; her brothers, Ptolemy XIV and XV, and her son Caesarion, Ptolemy XVI, were mere figure heads.

122, 123. Although these coins are catalogued by Svoronos under Ptolemy XIII, in his text (Sv. iv, p. 358) he attributed them to Cleopatra in Cyprus.

124. image on these coins is a more obvious monogram of Cyprus than the image on preceding ones.

The thirty unidentified Ptolemaic coins are largely late, many of thin fabric, probably barbarous. Ten or so are the 16 mm. size, with the usual types of Ammon head and eagle stg. l., and traces of a symbol in the field. The symbol in some cases may be the lotus found on coins of Ptolemy V–VIII, in others, a star or cornucopiae; but, in no case, is it sufficiently clear to catalogue with certainty.

128. Head of Zeus r., laur. Border of dots.

Rev.: No inscription; Zeus Salaminios stg. l.; in outstretched r., one or two ears of grain on single stalk; sceptre in l.; star above head; border of dots.

On grounds of provenance these coins have been attributed to Cyprus (Babelon, "I.W.," RN, 1898, p. 205, 4838f.; BMC Cyprus , p. lxxxi, 2, where they are assigned to the mint of Paphos). They vary greatly in execution, the finer in high relief are reminiscent of the best of the small coins of Arsinoë III, No. 85. At their worst they approach the barbarous. The flans, though somewhat larger, resemble the cast flans from the reign of Ptolemy IV.

There are few gaps in the Ptolemaic series in Cyprus where so large a group, twenty-one coins, can be fitted in. The most probable seems to be in the disastrous reign of Ptolemy V. The Cyprus mints were then issuing gold and silver almost exclusively and the need for local small bronze may have been supplied by a non-regal issue. Stratigraphic evidence supporting an attribution to this reign is slight and inconclusive, but in two instances the coins were found associated with coins of Ptolemy IV, one a context in which nothing earlier than Ptolemy IV was found.

129. The date of this coin of Augustus from Cyprus with Nike on the reverse is fixed by the reverse inscription, COS OCTAVO DESIG; see M. Grant, From Imperium to Auctoritas, p. 80.

130. This coin from the same reign and Zeus Salaminos as reverse type was struck by A. Plautus Procos (ibid. p. 143).

131. Hill notes, NC, 1917, p. 24, that these coins with types of Capricorn and Scorpion are found in quantity in Cyprus. Grant, op. cit. p. 143, also attributes them to Cyprus at approximately the same date as Nos. 132 and 132a.

132. Obv.: AVGVST. TRIB. POT. PONT. MAX Head of Augustus.

Rev.: C. CAESAR. AVG. F. PONT. COS. Head of Caius.

The majority of these coins are wholly illegible. Two, however, have portions of the inscriptions as here given.

132a. This example is a curious aberration.

Obv.: as above.

Rev.: [CAESAR AVG PA] T. PATR Head of Caius.

The obverse inscription is that used for Augustus on two of these issues (NC, 1924, p. 14, Nos. 25, 26) and on the other partially legible coins from Curium, but the reverse inscription is that used for the obverse on a third issue (ibid. p. 15, 27). It applies, of course, to Augustus and not to Caius, whose inscription should read as on the preceding coin.

135. The obverse head of Drusus is that of BMC Cyprus , p. 74, 7; the reverse that of No. 8 showing Zeus Salaminos and the Paphian temple of Aphrodite. It is probable that the date is that of Tiberius' Roman imperial coins, BMCRE, I, pp. 133f., Nos. 95–101.

140. Two specimens of these coins of Pius and the young Marcus Aurelius have been struck over Ptolemaic coins. The flans (32 and 33 mm.) are larger than is usual for the type and have the characteristic Ptolemaic bevel. The earlier type is obliterated.

144. IMP C M AVR ANTONINVS AVS, Head r., laur.

Rev.: Δ∈, star beneath, all in wreath.

The coins were attributed to Antioch by Wroth (BMC Galatia, p. 205, 447ff.). Bellinger (Dura vi, p. 156, 1827) probably correctly attributed them to Laodicea on the grounds that the Latin inscription is more characteristic of Laodicea than of Antioch. Finding fifty- seven of these coins at Dura, fifteen at Curium and only five at Antioch (Waage, Antioch , iv, p. 57, 600) weakens the case for Antioch. The coins seem to be from an issue designed primarily for distribution and struck concurrently with others destined for local use (see Nos. 179, 180). That the type may not have been struck in Laodicea exclusively, but also in Cyprus seems possible (see 145 below).

145. An example of these coins reading IMP CAE ALEXAND… with reverse similar to No. 144, is cited by the Swedish Cyprus Expedition and is the only published example of the type known to me. Clemens Bosch was the authority for attributing it to Cyprus (West- holm, p. 135) in which he is unquestionably right. This continuation at Cyprus of the type of 144 is strong evidence that Cyprus participated in that issue too.

149. M AVP ANT imageNINOG Head of Caracalla r., laur.

Rev.: Φ∈Ν∈… Hadis Sarapis seated l., Cerberus at his feet.

This coin of Pheneus belongs to a special issue put out by many small towns in the Peloponnesus c. 202–205 a.d. and apparently intended as an initial payment to local troops levied for service in Mesopotamia (Bellinger, Dura vi, pp. 166ff, 207, H. Seyrig, "Les trouvailles de monnaies péloponésiennes en Syrie," Revue Syria, xxxiv, 1957, fase. 3–4, pp. 249ff.). This single coin is slight, but possible evidence of the route taken by some of those troops.

152. There can be little or no doubt that these coins with the head of Apollo and lyre are four examples of a common issue from Cyzicus. Another example of the type was included in a mixed lot of coins sent to the ANS from Cyprus in 1948. On none of the five is Ξ Y legible below K Y. These rather surprising finds provoke futile speculation. Are these local imitations in which the Ξ Y is purposely omitted? Was there unexpectedly active sea trade between Cyprus and Cyzicus ?

153. … KAI AVP ANTΩN∈… Heads of Marcus and Lucius laur. confronted.

Rev.: ΕΠΙ CTP AT YA [KPATΙΠΠΟY] Asclepius on r. and Hygieia on l., stg. facing one another.

This appears to be an unpublished coin of Pergamum. A similar type, however, is published for Marcus alone (BMC Mysia, p. 146, 284f.) and for Verus alone (ibid. p. 147, 291). The magistrate's name was completed from these specimens.

154. M AVR ANTONINVS PIVS AVG Bust of Caracalla r., laur.

Rev.: COL AVG TROA Apollo stg. l., r. foot on cippus, laurel branch in r. hand.

Mionnet (ii. p. 648, 132) cites this type for Geta, at Alexandria Troas, and BMC Troas, p. 24, 121, lists a similar coin for Severus Alexander.

155. AYT ΚΑΙ ΓΙΟΥ MAΞIM∈INOC Bust r., laur.

Rev.: ΕΠΙ image AVP TYXIKOY ZOCIMOY; in ex., ΜΑΓΝΗ inverted; in inner field l., TΩN. Asclepius seated r. beneath a tree on which he leans with l. hand, feeding snake with r., staff in lap.

Tychicus appears with Poly … on a coin of Maximinus from Magnesia (BMC Ionia, p. 169, 74) Zosimus, also with Poly … on another (Mionnet, Supp. vi, p. 248, 1090).

156. AYT ΚΑΙ ΑΔΡΙ ANTΩNINOC Head of Pius r., laur.

Rev.: IAC∈imageN Zeus Serapis seated l., Eagle or Cerberus at his feet.

The same type (with Cerberus) is recorded for Caracalla at Iasus. BMC Caria, p. 126,16.

162. AYTKMAY C∈OYH ANTΩNEINOC Head of Caracalla r., laur.

Rev.: CI ΔΗ ΓΩN Atargatis seated facing on lion r.

Imhoof-Blumer (Kla. M. ii, p. 342, 30 a) published a similar coin for Philip I.

165. … ΓΑΙ TP∈ … Head r., laur.

Rev.: ∈TO[YC date illeg., AN∈MO]YPI∈imageN Cultus figure of Artemis, mummy shaped; to l., stag l.

The attribution of this coin of Anemourium to Gallus is uncertain. The portrait is that of a young man, possibly Herennius Etruscus. The inscription, however, seems to read ΓΑΙ TP∈. At nearby Colybrassus (supposedly between Anemurium and Side) there are two coins of Trebonianus Gallus which read: AYTKPA (sic) ΚΑΙ ΓΑΙΟΥ TP∈B ΓΑΛΛΟΝ C∈B and AYTKPA ΚΑΙ ΓΑΙ TP∈ ΓΑΛΛΟΝ C∈ (Mionnet iii, p. 571, 167, 168). Both, like this coin, omitting Vibius. The reverse type is published for Philip I (BMC Cilicia,. p. 42, 7).

170. The flan of this coin of Alexander Bala and Cleopatra with cornucopiae on the reverse is too small for the type, ΛΕΞΑΝΔ spans its width.

173. This As of Augustus is similar to one described and illustrated by Grant (Imp. to Auc. p. 100, V; Pl. III, 21).

174. This may be the dupondius of Augustus described in BMC Galatia, p. 166,126ff. also with SC in wreath, and image on the obverse. It is dated by Grant (op.cit. p. 100, VII) c. 4–3 B.C., and by Bellinger (Dura, vi, pp. 147f.) 4–5 a.d.

177–179. These coins of Elagabalus with SC, Δ∈ above and eagle below, are published for Antioch (BMC Galatia, p. 203, 426–431). The 123 examples found at Antioch (Waage, Antioch , iv, pp. 55f., 588–590) and the 34, plus seven, similar varieties from Dura (Dura, vi, pp. 781, 1691–1695) confirm the attribution. Cyprus adds its quota. Stylistically, these coins are indistinguishable from the Antiocene. The same minutiae of design appear on both. Only a single varient of the legend, AYT K MAP AV ANTΩN∈INOC, is not among those recorded by Mrs. Waage from Antioch. Perhaps early in the reign, coins were shipped from Antioch to Cyprus , as well as to Dura and elsewhere and later the local mint may have produced bronzes for Elagabalus of type No. 144, Δ∈ over star.

186. Head of Tyche r., veiled.

Rev.: Cornucopiae; on r. the name, Carne, in Phoenician script, on l. date, largely illegible, but ending in IIII.

This is similar to a coin in the BMC, except that the name there is on the l. and the date on the r.

190. Head of Tyche r., veiled and turreted; palm over l. shoulder. Rev.: Astarte stg. l. on galley l.; in l. field ⊙ΟΣ, in r. image or image; in upper r. image ; Phoenician inscription in exergue not clear. These two small coins of Tyre, found in different contexts at Curium, are of the same date, a date known heretofore only on a single specimen in Berlin (BMC Phoenicia, p. 261, note 1). Here the image on similar pieces, BMC 309–312 (op. cit., 262), reads image and image.

201. KOMMOΔOC KAIC M ANT YIOC C∈B Bust r. head bare. Rev.: ΓAZA ϚΛC Within distyle temple Artemis r., drawing arrow from quiver with r., holding bow in l.; Mannas, nude l.; between them, image.

De Saulcy in Numismatique de la Terre Sainte (Paris, 1874), p. 226, 2, describes the reverse as "Deux divinités se donnant la main," which is the impression given, but comparison with the coin of Faustina II and Lucilla (BMC Palestine, p. 158, 100, Pl. XVI, 6) with the same type shows that Artemis is supposed to be holding a bow which is not here visible.

208. The general appearance of this unidentified coin with its cast, beveled flan is Seleucid. The head has more the character of a portrait than of an Apollo. The reverse is so eroded that the type may be something quite other than an animal.

209. Apollo stg. l. holding branch (?); border of dots.

Rev.: stag r.; border of dots.

The flan of this coin is thin and flat, the types in low relief. There is no trace of an inscription. The types, the style, the dotted border suggest coins of Masicytes and Myra in Lycia in the first century B.C.

ROMAN COINS

210. CAESAR. Head of Augustus r., bare.

Rev.: AVGVSTVS in laurel wreath.

This coin, an AS is attributed by Mattingly (BMC, i, p. 117, 731ff.) to the mint at Pergamum, c. 27–23 b.c.

211. CAISAR Head of Augustus r., bare.

Rev.: C·A within laurel wreath.

These coins are also ascribed to Pergamum by Mattingly (ibid., p. 115, 708 ff.) and dated before 27 b.c. Michael Grant discusses both types in his From Imperium to Auctoritas, p. 107, and again in The Main Six Aes Coinages of Augustus, pp. 113ff. In the latter he argues for a later date then Mattingly's, proposing for both Nos. 210 and 211 a date shortly after 14 b.c. In the same work he makes an important distinction between local issues and those struck expressly for wide distribution. The two issues here belong to the latter group. Grant's more recent monograph, The Coinage of Tiberius in Cyprus , further clarifies the matter. There (p. 1) he distinguishes between provincial issues, struck by the Roman authorities for the use of a province (see Nos. 129–135) and the local issues of cities and tribes. In addition to these there are Imperial issues (the catagory to which Nos. 210, 211 belong), "extensive series designed for multi-provincial circulation." The types on these last vary in different regions. The AVGVSTVS series has its nuclear centre in Asia, the SC series in Syria (see Nos. 173, 174 listed under Antioch). "But in both cases there was, beyond any doubt, a 'branch' issue, with similar type, made at the mint in Cyprus." 9 He adds "possibly Pergamum."

212. M AGRIPPA LF COS III Head l. wearing rostral crown. C't'm., head of Domitian r.

Rev.: S C Neptune stg. l.

This posthumous issue is variously attributed to Tiberius, Caligula and Claudius, of these the first is the most likely. (See BMC, i, pp. cxxxiii and cxl.)

230. No inscription. Busts of Marcus r. and Commodus l., laur., confronted.

Rev.: PROPAGA/TORIBVS / IMPERII in wreath.

This is not published, nor is there any close parallel. Gnecchi (I Medaglioni Romani, ii, pt. l, p. 44, nos. 5, 6) gives two medallions with confronted busts on the obverse and the two emperors' names. The one is dated in 178 (TR P XXXII), the other has no inscription on the reverse, but since the type is the same on both, Mars r. with spear and trophy, they may be nearly contemporary. Our medallion with anepigraphic obverse is perhaps somewhat earlier. "Propagator" is a rare word not elsewhere found in numismatic legends. Its general meaning "one who continues" (the imperium) may be inferred from a similar inscription, PROPAGO IMPERI, on an aureus of Caracalla (C. 524) and an aureus and denarius of Plautilla (C. 21, 22) where the accompanying types are Caracalla and Plautilla clasping hands. By inference from the coins, the medallion may commemorate Commo- dus' marriage in 177. Then both Marcus and Commodus could be acclaimed "propagator," an epithet unsuitable to Commodus before marriage. This date brings it close to the known medallions with similar obverse.

Somewhat less convincingly, because without numismatic parallel, but more in keeping with the other medallions with two busts, "propagator" can be interpreted in the sense implied in its use as an epithet of Jupiter: est militaris, est triumphator et propagator, tropaeophorus (Apuleius, De Mundo, xxxvii, 371). As "one who enlarges the boundaries of empire" the word would be appropriate to the military careers of both father and son.

There are holes in the edge of the medallion, both top and bottom, which were undoubtedly used for some kind of setting, perhaps the usual ring on a frame, secured at those points.

233. M COMMODVS ANTONINVS AVG PIVS FELIX Bust r., laur. Rev.: PM] TR P VII COS III PP In ex. VOTA] PVBL[ICA Sacrificial scene before hexastyle Corinthian temple. Commodus veiled and togate, standing l. holds patera over tripod; behind him two figures. On l. four figures facing the emperor: a child at tripod holding fiale, behind him youth playing pipe and a man with long staff. On extreme l., victimarius sacrificing bull.

This was presumably struck for distribution on New Year's Day, Jan. 1,182. Cf. Jocelyn M. C. Toynbee, Roman Medallions (New York, 1944), pp. 79f.

234. L AELIVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS AVG PIVS FELIX Busts of Commodus, laur., and Roma helmeted, r., jugate.

Rev.: PM TR P XVII IMP VIII COS VII PP Emperor veiled and togate standing l. sacrificing at blazing altar; facing him, Hercules nude, leaning on club which rests on rock; lion's skin over l. forearm.

The medallion was gilded. Extensive traces remain on the obverse, none on the reverse where it may never have been applied. The medallions with Hercules and Commodus are discussed by Miss Toynbee, pp. 74f and Commodus' preoccupation with the cult of Hercules by Jean Babelon, RN, 1953, pp. 23–36.

338. On this coin Ϛ is on the left and star on the right, an arrangement not given by Maurice.

347. The obverse inscription reads IMP C LIC LICINIVS PF AVG, in Maurice Licinius is spelled LICINNIVS.

357. Maurice gives this type for Crispus with a similar portrait, small bust l., laur., in r., thunderbolt, in l., globe and scepter.

432. DN CONSTANTIVS PF AVG Bust r., diad.; in field, A and star.

Rev.: HOC SIGNO VICTOR ERIS Emperor stg. l., holding labarum and scepter, is crowned by Victory at r.; in ex.: ΓSIS Although too battered to warrant a cast the type and mint are certain.

434. These coins are from two series: T∈SΓ and SMTSΔ.

In dealing with the coins of Constantius II and Constans after 337 a.d. Mattingly's chronology as proposed in NC, 1933, pp. 182–202 has been followed. The most recent work on these coins was published after the Curium catalogue was written and is not there referred to. In the Numismatic Circular, vol. LXIV (Jan.–Sept. 1956) P. V. Hill and J. P. C. Kent in "The Bronze Coinage of the House of Constantine" cover the period from 337 a.d. to the introduction of the large Æ Fel Temp Reparatio type which they date to 346 rather than to 348 a.d. as Mattingly did. The same authors in "Bronze Roman Imperial Coinage of the late Empire" (Numismatic Circular, vol. LXV, 9) continue their re-examination of late Roman bronze for the period between the introduction of the Fel Temp Reparatio type, c. 348, and the monetary reform of Anastasius in 498. This survey is still incomplete (Sept. 1958).

536. This coin must be a hybrid. The type belongs to Arcadius and Honorius, introduced c. 395 a.d. probably after the death of Theodosius.

550. This type is listed by Pearce only for Honorius, but a specimen for Arcadius was also found at Antioch ( Antioch , iv, pt. 2, p. 142, no. 1929).

553. Of the emperors striking this type, Arcadius alone has the shield emblazoned with a cross, not a horseman.

566. The inscription on this coin, largely illegible, begins DN A and must be a coin of Arcadius although the type is recorded only for Theodosius II. The reverse is too worn to cast.

573. Both in Sabatier and Tolstoi (Vol. 1, p. 51, 153) the mintmark on this coin is NIK, not SMNA as here.

618. The obverse of this coin reads DN MA[RCIA]NVS P F AVG, the mintmark, CON, the C resembling a K. A similar reading KON was made on a coin of Leo by Miss Thompson (Agora, p. 103, 1707). Dr. Kent of the British Museum assures me that our coin is typical of the Constantinople mint and that the mintmark KON is otherwise unknown. Since the vertical line at left is clear it can perhaps be explained as a guide line scatched in by the die engraver to mark off a space to receive the mintmark. On a larger coin so delicate a line could not be confused with the lettering.

619, 620. The monograms vary in detail. The majority, including the three with star, No. 620, have no horizontal stroke at the base of the right leg of the M.

621. The monogram here is high and narrow with a large S, probably an imitation (cf. BMC Vandals, Pl. IV, 5).

622. The obverse inscription is illegible, but judging by its length probably read DN LEO PER PET AVG.

623. On these coins the obverse reads DN LEO MVL, and the same form is repeated on No. 629.

624. The obverse reads D N LEO.

625. These coins have a similar obverse to No. 624. On some of them an E (square or round) is legible to the right of the figure on the reverse. Tolstoi restores an L in the left field. It has also been conjectured that the letter on the left is a b, the letters and type interpreted as Verina, the empress of Leo.

628. The obverses here are illegible, but Mrs. Waage read D N LEO F AVG on a similar coin found at Antioch ( Antioch , iv, p. 146, Type 1).

630. The obverse here is clear: D N LEO PEP PET A[VG. The coin is a hybrid, on the reverse is the monogram of Marcian. 10

631. The obverse legend of the example illustrated is: D N ZENO]N P F A[VG making it clear that the name ends in N not O. On the reverse below the wreath are marks suggestive of the mintmark on the Marcian specimen No. 618, but as mintmarks are unknown on Zeno's small bronzes an explanation must await better preserved examples.

632. This carefully cut monogram differs from that on the Constantinople coins and implies another official mint.

633. This coin with incomplete monogram is quite uncertainly attributed to Basiliscus. The known small bronzes with monograms from his reign are from his joint reign with Marcus and those with Verina (Milne, NC, 1926, p. 88). He struck gold and silver both as sole ruler (Tolstoi, i, pp. 163ff.) and jointly with Marcus (ibid., pp. 165f.) Possibly small bronzes formed part of both issues. The monogram here resembles that given by Milne for Verina and Basiliscus.

End Notes

9
Unfortunately Grant's monograph was not published until after the Curium coins had been returned to Cyprus. No. 210 may be Cypriote. Of No. 211 there is less doubt. These four coins from Curium support Grant's theory that a branch issue of the C·A type was struck at a mint in Cyprus.

FIFTH AND SIXTH CENTURIE S MISCELLANEOUS AND IMITATIONS

Fully nine-tenths of the coins under this heading come from exploring an extensive water-supply system. On the evidence of the Byzantine coins found in tracing its course, its construction was probably nearly completed in the time of Justinian I. 11 The finds include coins of Anastasius, Justin I, Justinian, three for Justin II (Nos. 692, 694), one each for Maurice and Phocas, then several from the reigns of Heraclius and Constans II. Practically all of the coins for the first three of these emperors found at Curium come from this complex. In addition to the Byzantine coins the water system yielded over 400 miscellaneous small pieces, mostly illegible. Among them are many of "Vandalic" fabric, some of identifiable Vandal and Ostrogothic kings, some of uncertain origin; a number of thin cast copper blanks; 16 plain lead discs (7, 8 mm.); many worn late Roman coins their imitations and casts from molds worn almost smooth; also some ancient bronze, coins of the Ptolemies and the Jews. From their distribution it seems that these unrelated coins and bits of metal all circulated together. J. G. Milne's remarks on the exchange media of fifth-century Egypt ("The Currency of Egypt in the Fifth Century," NC, 1926, p. 62) perhaps hold true for Cyprus also in the early sixth century: "that any piece of metal would serve for the purpose of a unit — virtually a counter — … and that no guarantee of value by the government was attached to any of these pieces."

Certainly the Vandal and Ostrogothic pieces come from the West and probably Nos. 640, 644–648 and others as well. The majority, however, cannot be called "Vandal," they seem to be east Mediterranean imitations current in the fifth and sixth centuries and attributable to no Vandal ruler.

The phrase "Vandalic fabric" is here used to describe the thickish coins of small module, 8–10 mm., differentiating them from the thinner, generally larger, typical late Roman coins and their imitations. The phrase is warranted because such fabric is characteristic of the true Vandal coins. It is also misleading, the fabric of the official minimi of Leo through Anastasius and their imitations — many certainly eastern — is often indistinguishable from that of the Vandal coinage.

634. Two of these coins are in a technique recalling Western or Gaulish coins (cf. BMC, Pl. III, 13–15), here Plate IX, the others of a debased Roman style (cf ibid., 1–8).

636. This type, not listed among the "Vandals" in the BMC, may not have been current in Italy and North Africa, but Milne cites it (op. cit., p. 89) among the imitations of fifth-century coins found in Egypt.

637. The smallest of these coins is of typical Vandal fabric, the largest a crude cast copy.

647. Some of these coins with cross potent in wreath are like the coins of Hilderic, others of thin fabric seem copies of coins of Theodosius II.

649–656. On few of the monogrammed coins from Marcian through Anastasius can mintmarks be read. Since it is often impossible to judge the quality of workmanship on worn coins the division between official issues and imitations is, in the case of Anastasius, arbitrary, based on the enclosing frame of the reverse. Coins with monogram in wreath have been listed as imperial, those with linear or dotted border and those with no enclosing frame are called "imitations." As a general criterion this does not hold. The wreath is found on many imitations, is common on coins of the Vandals and the Ostrogoths.

650. The obverse of this coin is barbarous, the reverse with wreath, good.

653. These are probably imitations of the monogram of Anastasius. Compare form of monogram shown in Antioch iv, p. 148, 2063.

656. The monogram here is that of Anastasius reversed.

657. The monogram image recalls that of Justinian, BMC Vandals, p. 33, 140 (or Anastasius, Tolstoi, Pl. 14, 69), but there is no trace of the S or of a cross-bar for the T. The bold wreath enclosing the monogram may indicate that this is a western importation, not an East Mediterranean imitation.

660. This coin appears to be a diminutive copy of the coins of Justin I or Justinian from a western mint (cf. Tolstoi, i, Pl. 25, 445–449).

661. These ∈ coins without letter or symbol are obvious imitations. The one illustrated is cast.

666. Bust r., diad.; traces of inscription / image

This is apparently a coin referred to by Friedländer, Münzen der Vandalen u. Ostgothen, (Leipzig, 1849), p. 35, where he says Lazoy had published an incomplete monogram of Gelimer on Pl. II, 10 of Explication de quelques médailles a un monogramme des rois goths d'Italie (Aix, 1843). Lazoy's work, not easily accessible, has not been consulted. Obviously a vertical stroke at the right will complete the monogram.

670. The obverse of this coin is so eroded that it might be questioned whether the bust is facing or in profile. However, the Hon r. with star above identifies it as a coin of Baduila, not of Leo (cf. Sabatier, i, Pl. VII. II).

End Notes

10
Dr. J. P. C. Kent of the British Museum read the monogram for me. To him I am also indebted for the information that mintmarks are not found on the small coins of Zeno.
11
The restoration of an aqueduct of St. Conon by Justinian is mentioned by Procopius, de aed., 5, 9. "It is generally assumed … that this was the aqueduct from Chytri to Salamis," but Hill, H. of C., p. 280, n. 2, 3, goes on to suggest that the "aqueduct is the irrigation system of which there are remains at Paphos." Curium is now another possibility.

BYZANTINE COINS

673. This ∈ coin with N at r. is attributed in the BMC to Antioch. Professor Philip Grierson (unpublished notes) 12 attributes it to Nicomedia.

676. The N here also denotes the Nicomedia mint (Grierson).

678. In fabric and poor workmanship this coin resembles the barbarous minimi with monogram and should perhaps be classed with them as an imitation. Wroth (BMC, p. xiii) suggested that the production of minimi came to an end with the currency reform of 498 a.d. The number of known monogrammed coins of Anastasius is large for an output limited to the first seven years of his reign. The popularity of the small denomination may have continued in the provinces only and the later minimi of Anastasius as well as these of Justin may be provincial issues (e.g. Antioch, the mint to which Mrs. Waage in Antioch , iv, p. 150, 2079, attributes them). A similar monogram on a larger denomination, c. 17 mm., is published as a coin of Justin II from Carthage (BMC Vandals, p. 99, 260).

684. Few of these ∈ coins with cross at r., described in NC, 1926, p. 388, as well as by Tolstoi, p. 52, 37–40, are clearly legible; the majo- rity, however, seem to be coins of Justinian and the legend on the single imitation of the type, No. 663, also seems to read IVSTINIANVS. Therefore, with reservations, all are listed under this emperor.

689. Specimens of these coins with facing bust of Justinian and image occurred in the Monte Roduni hoard and were considered by Friedländer, Münzen der Vandalen u. Ostgothen, Leipzig, 1849, p. 43, as of Italian origin. Wroth thought them more probably products of the Carthage mint.

692–694. These ∈ coins with monogram on the obverse were formerly attributed to Justinian by Sabatier and Wroth. They are now generally accepted as coins of Justin II. M. J. B. Bury in "A Misinterpreted Monogram of the Sixth Century," Mélanges Schlumberger, vol. ii, pp. 301f., convincingly interpreted the monogram image as Justin and Sophia rather than Φ IVCTINIANOV. It is noteworthy, however, that the three coins of this type are the only coins of Justin II from the water-system (for other coins from water-system see p. 118), and, with the exception of a coin of Maurice, year 685/6, and one for Phocas, are the only coins from that complex that can be dated between the reigns of Justinian I and Heraclius. From areas outside of the water-system other issues of Justin II outnumber the coins of Justinian. Professor Grierson, again in unpublished notes, attributes No. 694, with K in the field of the reverse, to the Cyzicus mint.

695. The mintmark on this coin looks like CON, but there seems to be no I denomination from Constantinople for Justin. Yet the emperor must be he. Justinian has no coins dated ANNO until his 13th year. The portraits of Tiberius, Maurice and Phocas are facing. Similar coins from the following year are recorded for Thessalonica.

704, 706. These coins of Antioch with blundered legends are attributed by Wroth in the BMC to Tiberius II before his accession. Tiberius dated his coins from his appointment as Caesar in 574 a.d., but it is improbable that he struck coins before coming to the throne in 578. The coins from the years 1, 2, 3 should therefore be given to Maurice (Grierson, unpublished notes). On these coins a trefoil ornament decorates the emperor's crown. Coins from later years of this reign — also with blundered legends — (see Plate X, 704) have the same trefoil ornament. This detail distinguishes the coins of Maurice at Antioch from those of Tiberius at that mint. On the latter the crown is surmounted by a cross.

710. All of these coins are overstrikes; two on undetermined types; two on XXXX coins of Phocas; one on a Maurice Tiberius and one on two types, the second an M coin of Heraclius with bust.

711. Ten of these coins are overstrikes. Three coins of Maurice Tiberius and one earlier type of Heraclius with two figures were identified as undertypes.

714. Wroth notes that coins of the Λ denomination are scarce. None was found in the Athenian agora and but one at Antioch. Both Curium pieces are overstrikes as are the majority of known specimens.

715. Of these coins, the one for the year 10 is an overstrike on a coin of Phocas.

716. There is little doubt that this coin with three standing figures is Cypriote, the type and a similar date are known. It is not, however, an official issue. It seems a good Arab imitation on a thin flan. The weight is less than 2.4 gms. The letters KΥΠΡ in the exergue are retrograde and blundered.

Both J. L. Warren (NC, 1861, pp. 42–55) and Alfred Westholm (Nordisk Numismatisk Årsskrift, 1940, pp. 135–147) assign the coins marked ΚΥΠΡ of which No. 716 is an imitation, to the time of Constans II. I have followed Wroth's attribution of them to the reign of Heraclius. By the year 17 of the reign of Constans, Constantia had been twice sacked and seems an unsuitable place for a mint; although the Soli hoard (Westholm, op. cit.) spans a period from about year 8 to year 19 it contains no specimen of this undoubtedly local issue. There is no evidence that Constans II ever struck any coins with three figures, he appears with one son or with three. The three figure type is common for Heraclius.

717. This coin is an overstrike on uncertain type.

719. This coin is overstruck on an M coin of Maurice from Antioch for the year 16. The date of the Heraclius die has left no impression.

721. All but two of these coins are overstrikes, three are on coins of Heraclius with two figures. None is countermarked.

723. Three of these coins are countermarked image.

724. Four of these coins are countermarked image; one is overstruck on an M coin of Heraclius, type BMC, no. 116.

725. Two of these coins are countermarked image

726. Two of these coins are countermarked image.

It is difficult to prove that any issues of Constans II are certainly Cypriote. On the basis of the Curium coins as well as other evidence No. 721 from the year 3 seems to have enjoyed a more strictly local currency than any other. Nothing in the character of the coin however suggests that it was produced locally, it seems a Constantinople issue shipped almost in its entirety to Cyprus. Nine coins of this variety were found at Curium, accounting for almost a third of all the coins of Constans II from the excavations. An even higher percentage of these coins is found in the Kharacha hoard from Cyprus (A. I. Dikigoropoulos, "A Byzantine Hoard from Kharacha," NC vol. xvi, 1956, pp. 255ff.) There among 89 coins from the first seven years of this reign, 69 are of this type. At Athens where 817 coins of Constans II were found, only one example of the type is listed; at Antioch there were but three, a small percentage of the total. Although no coins of this variety turned up in the Soli hoard (Westholm, op. cit.), that hoard probably contained no coins of so early a date.

As a device on their coins image is certainly a monogam for both Constans II and Constantine IV. As a countermark, it is characteristically and exclusively Cypriote and probably quite fortuitously it is also appropriate to the mint city Constantia. An examination of the BMC Byzantine Coins, shows that all coins from the "Cyprus Find" (see Warren, NC, 1861) are so stamped, but that those from other sources are not. All but one of the coins in the Soli hoard bore this countermark. It appears on no coins found in either the Antioch or the Athenian excavations.

After its sack and destruction by the Arabs in 647/649 a.d., Constantia seems an improbable site for a mint. Still a sort of local coinage could have been created by importing specie from a large mint, e.g. Constantinople, and countermarking it, an operation easily carried out even in a ruined city. In addition to being more easily struck than a special type, the countermark by defacing the coins was an effective means of keeping them on the island. (Compare the mutilated coinage of the West Indies in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.) The many coins showing little wear (notably in the Warren hoard) are not necessarily evidence of a local mint. Their freshness may simply show that specie was imported directly from an outside mint and countermarked before being put into circulation. Coins already on the island and those brought in by trade would likewise be rounded up and countermarked when possible. Coins Nos. 721, 722, antedate (and may have been lost before) the adoption of a countermarking scheme. This scheme was initiated after the sack of 647 or 649, possibly as early as 651 a.d. or possibly not until after the second raid of 653/4. The Kharacha hoard, with no coin countermarked and its latest coin dated 648/9, would seem to support the latter suggestion for Mr. Dikigoropoulos, judging by the wear, thinks the hoard was in circulation after 649 a.d. The most telling argument against Cyprus as a mint for coins of Constans II after 649 is the large number of all his types found both in the Athenian agora and at Antioch, evidence unavailable to Warren and Westholm.

731. I CA AKI OC [Δ] ∈C ΠΟ TH Emperor stg. facing in crown, long robe and jewelled mantle falling from l. arm. In his r., long cross, in l., globus cr.

Rev.: image Virgin nimbate orans r.

This type is similar to type I of Manuel, cf. BMC Byz., p. 577. The coin is overstruck on a coin of Manuel I, probably BMC Byz., p. 576, type 12, Pl. XX. 5.

732. CAA… Δ∈C… Emperor holding cross and globus cr. being crowned by Virgin, both stg. facing.

Rev.: Christ enthroned. Illeg. except for image to l. of nimbus.

A poor specimen of this coin was published by Goodacre, Coinage of the Byzantine Empire, London, 1928. More legible examples are shown in Spink's Numismatic Circular, vol. 60, no. 11 (Nov., 1952) col. 512. The types on the Curium coin are less worn than any of the published pieces.

733 Illegible. Crowned bust facing, holds globus cr.

Rev.: K, ANNO to l., II to r.; Γ below, cross above.

The coin is an overstrike and I am uncertain whether the Γ is part of this type or part of the earlier one. The style of the obverse dates this toward the end of the long line of coins bearing denominations and dates. It seems possibly a coin of Constantine V, 741–775, for whom Sabatier publishes a similar specimen (Vol. ii, p. 56, 33) or of Justinian II, 705–711 a.d.

End Notes

12
I am indebted to Professor Grierson for permission to quote from his notes on a number of Byzantine coins and to Professor Bellinger for calling them to my attention.

MEDIEVAL COINS

735. One of these coins has pellets in the four quarters of the cross. The other two have no pellets.

740. One of these coins is a variety mentioned by Schlumberger with two dots behind the lion's tail; on another there is no crosslet in the reverse field.

744. This variety, not listed by Schlumberger, has stars in the four quarters of the cross.

745. There is a wide variety of minor variations in these inscriptions, but in all but one GRATIA or GRATA is spelled with a "T". Both Schlumberger and F. de Saulcy, Numismatique des Croisades, Paris, 1847, p. 111 explain the prevalence and poor quality of these coins by quoting the Cypriote historian P. Lusignan. "Le roi Jaques, se trouvant en grande nécessité d'argent, print tous les chauderons d'airain qui estoient aux baigns publics et fit battre d'iceux plusieurs sortes de monnoye."

753. These coins were struck in Venice for trade in the Levant and are of smaller module than those destined for local use.

ERRATA ON PLATES

On Plate III the reverses of Nos. 91 and 92 are interchanged. That shown as 91 is actually the reverse of 92 and that shown as 92 is actually the reverse of 91.

BACK

PLATES

I

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II

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III

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IV

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V

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VI

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VII

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VIII

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IX

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X

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