Silver Coinage of Cappadocia, Vespasian-Commodus

Author
Metcalf, William E.
Series
Numismatic Notes and Monographs
Publisher
American Numismatic Society
Place
New York
Date
Source
Donum
Source
Worldcat
Source
Worldcat Works
Source
HathiTrust

License

CC BY-NC

Acknowledgement

Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program.

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Table of Contents

FRONT

BODY

INTRODUCTION

In May 1983 a lot of over 900 silver coins was presented at the American Numismatic Society for examination. It consisted, with the exception of a single Domitianic denarius, of didrachms conventionally attributed to Caesarea in Cappadocia. The relative wear of the coins was consistent with the residue of a hoard and, indeed, it was so described by the vendor; he was unable or unwilling to provide reliable information regarding its findspot or point of export.

Coins of Caesarea as well as reports (unsubstantiated from our point of view) of a large hoard had been filtering through the trade for some time. After we saw these coins, Dr. Wolfram Weiser published a portion of what he called the Cappadocian find in Epigraphica Anatolica. 1 There can be little doubt that the present lot is part of the same aggregation as that published by Weiser and estimated by him at 2,500 coins, and as the one published in Coin Hoards 7 (1985), 156, reported to have been found near Kayseri in 1980. The hoard is said there to have amounted to ca. 2,000 silver coins of which over 100 were denarii; there were also two Lycian drachms. It appears that soon after discovery the lot was broken up and that the portion we examined was intended to include only didrachms, the Domitianic denarius having been included by accident. As the comparison on p. 2 makes clear, except for the reign of Commodus, there is little overlap between the lot published here and that published by Weiser.2

In the following catalogue, the coins are arranged chronologically by ruler, then by type; economy of presentation has combined with the mint's own practice to indicate that sometimes the obverse, sometimes the reverse type is the major control. Within each type, coins with significant die links are usually placed at the head. Other coins follow as die linkage suggests and in descending order of weight; no attempt has been made to trace die progressions. Weight and axis are given, and the "remarks" column notes all die links within the hoard and with Weiser. The hoard is illustrated as completely as possible on Plates 1 to 51. Plates 52–54 include representative coins, mainly of denominations other than the didrachm, identified in the key on pp. 171–73.

To make clear certain aspects of the die linkage it has been necessary to use several different forms of numbering dies. These are noted as appropriate through the catalogue, where numbering of dies begins at 1 or A for each emperor or major discrete issue. An asterisk (*) adjacent to the running catalogue number indicates those coins which are now in the collection of the American Numismatic Society.

Table 1 Comparison of Caesarea and Weiser
Caesarea Caesarea Weiser Weiser
Didrachms Denarius Didrachms Drachms Hemidrachms Denarii
Tiberius 1 (1)
Vespasian 52 (1–52) 2 (5–6) 1 (7) 1 (8) 1 (2)
Domitian 98 (53–150) 1 (932) 1 (9) 1 (3)
Nerva 10 (151–160)
Trajan
Early 41 (161–201) 4 (14, 17–19) 10 (10–13, 15–16, 21–23) 1 (4)
111–114 255 (202–456) 9 (24–27, 40–41, 45–46, 64) 50 (28–39, 42–44, 47–63, 65–82)
114–116 53 (457–509) 28 (83–110)
Hadrian 18 (510–27) 12 (148–59) 37 (111–47)
Antoninus 5 (528–32) 34 (160–93)
M. Aurelius 161 (533–693) 1 (194)
L. Verus 101 (694–794)
Commodus
Undated 3 (795–97) 5 (195–199)
Yr. 3 36 (798–833) 24 (200–223)
Yr. 4 98 (834–931) 35 (224–258)
Total: 931 1 80 136 38 4

Partial List of Coins in Trade since Weiser 1984

Schulten (Cologne)

25–27 Oct. 1984: 192 (hemidrachm of Vespasian, rev. Nike r.); 208 (didrachm of Domitian, rev. "Apollo"); 282 (didrachm of M. Aurelius, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 298–99 (didrachms of Commodus, Weiser 201 and 220).

22–23 April 1985: 398 (didrachm of Domitian, rev. Nike r.); 403 (didrachm of Domitian, rev. quadriga); 516 (didrachm of M. Aurelius, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 540–42 (didrachms of Commodus, rev. Mt. Argaeus, including Weiser 212).

20–22 Oct. 1987: 462 (hemidrachm of Titus, rev. Nike r.); 473 (didrachm of Domitian, rev. Athena r.); 499 (didrachm of Trajan, rev. Artemis [?] bust); 559 (didrachm of Antoninus Pius, rev. Eusebeia); 583 (didrachm of M. Aurelius, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 599 (didrachm of L. Verus); 608–9 (didrachms of Commodus, Weiser 219 and 197).

1–3 April 1987: 753 (didrachm of Commodus, Weiser 236).

Müller (Sollingen)

45, 16–17 Mar. 1984: 233–34 (didrachms of Commodus, rev. Mt. Argaeus).

47, 28–29 Sept. 1984: 217 (didrachm of Vespasian, rev. Nike r.); 220 (hemidrachm of Hadrian, rev. Nike r.); 221 (hemidrachm of Hadrian, rev. club); 223–24 (didrachms of L. Verus, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 225 (didrachm of Commodus, rev. Mt. Argaeus).

52, 26–27 June 1986: 173 (didrachm of Antoninus Pius, rev. club); 174 (didrachm of Commodus, rev. Mt. Argaeus).

55, 12–13 June 1987: 159–60 (didrachms of Domitian, rev. Athena and club); 161 (hemidrachm of Domitian, rev. Homonoia); 164 (didrachm of Antoninus Pius, rev. Mt. Argaeus).

56, 25–26 Sept. 1987: 248 (didrachm of Trajan, rev. Artemis [?] bust); 249 (didrachm of M. Aurelius, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 250 (didrachm of L. Verus, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 251 (didrachm of Commodus, rev. Mt. Argaeus).

57, 27–28 Feb. 1988: 140–42 (didrachms of Trajan, rev. Artemis [?] bust, club, Mt. Argaeus); 143 (didrachm of Hadrian, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 144 (didrachm of M. Aurelius, rev. Mt. Argaeus).

Athena (Munich)

2: 4 Oct. 1988, 340 (didrachm of M. Aurelius, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 346 (didrachm of L. Verus, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 348–49 (didrachms of Commodus, rev. Mt. Argaeus). This sale also includes the apparently unrelated Trajanic tridrachm and didrachm with standards and eagle respectively, 305–6.

Bankhaus Aufhäuser (Munich)

FPL 6, n.d. [Apr. 1988]: 306–7 (didrachms of Domitian, rev. quadriga, Athena); 309 (didrachm of Nerva, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 325–26 (drachms of Trajan, rev. "Artemis," clasped hands); 373–79 (didrachms of M. Aurelius, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 380 (tridrachm of M. Aurelius, rev. Mars); 381 (tridrachm of M. Aurelius, rev. altar); 382 (tridrachm of M. Aurelius, rev. eagle); 383 (tridrachm of M. Aurelius, rev. temple); 393–95 (didrachms of L. Verus, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 403 (tridrachm of Commodus Caesar, rev. altar); 404–5 (tridrachm of Commodus Caesar, rev. eagle); 406 (tridrachm of Commodus Caesar, rev. temple); 407–11 (didrachms of Commodus); 436, a drachm of Julia Domna of A.D. 197, is too worn to be considered part of the hoard.

End Notes

1
The name is useful insofar as it distinguishes his and this lot from Baldwin's 1927 Caesarea find.
2
Other coins probably or certainly from the find are listed by Weiser, p. 110, n. 3, and p. 114, n. 17. The list of Caesarean coins following Table 1 have appeared in the trade since Weiser wrote (including some published by him), but it is by no means comprehensive. There could be no more graphic demonstration of the velocity with which fragile hoard evidence can be lost, nor clearer justification for the kind of record attempted here and in Weiser.

ADDITIONAL NOTE 1995

Since this manuscript was sent to press there have been two significant additions to the bibliography of the period under discussion. In the first, Kevin Butcher takes up the question of overvaluation of provincial silver raised by D. R. Walker. He employs Walker's own analyses of denarii and Cappadocian silver, and concludes that if the Caesarean drachm is viewed as the equivalent of a Rhodian drachm (i.e. 3/4 of a denarius), there is no overvaluation at all.1

The second is more important, and has a direct bearing on the distinction made here, p. 48, between the Roman and local-style issues of Vespasian.2 Butcher, now in collaboration with M. Ponting, analyzes Flavian didrachms of Roman and provincial style. The authors conclude that while the silver content of the two groups is virtually identical, with a 50:50 silver:copper ratio being the goal, the Roman group has significantly higher lead content. Moreover, "the trace element profiles demonstrate that the copper and silver used to make this alloy differ significantly between the two numismatically defined issues by virtue of their impurity levels" and the trace element ratios are "basically the same for denarii issued at Rome and Caesarean coins of the Rome style."

This second contribution is based on analyses which differ significantly from Walker's (which showed somewhat higher silver content for both Roman and provincial issues) and which show a significantly lower standard deviation. They suggest that Walker's results were affected by the effectiveness of the blanching process in ancient times and subsequently by the effects of corrosion. In this respect they confirm skepticism expressed elsewhere regarding the utility of Walker's results.

End Notes

1
K. Butcher, "Rhodian Drachms at Caesarea in Cappadocia," NC 152 (1992), pp. 41–48.
2
K. Butcher and M. Ponting, "Rome and the East: Production of Roman Provincial Coinage for Caesarea in Cappadocia under Vespasian, A.D. 69–79," Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 14.1 (March 1995), pp. 63–77.

CATALOGUE OF THE HOARD

Vespasian, A.D. 69–79

Obv. AYTOKPA KAICAP OYECΠACIANOC CEBACTOC. Head of Vespasian laureate r.

Rev. A. AYTO KAI OYECΠACIANOC CEBACTOY YIOC. Head of Titus laureate r. Provincial style 1–26.

Undated

Coin Obv./Rev. Weight Axis Remarks
1. 1 /A1 6.61 12 Obv. of 2, 3.
2. 1 /A2 6.34 12 Obv. of 1, 3.
3. 1 /A3 5.83 12 Obv. of 1, 2. Rev. of 4.
*4. 2 /A3 6.36 12 Obv. of 5, 27 (Nike). Rev. of 3.
5. 2 /A4 6.92 12 Obv. of 4, 27 (Nike).
6. 3 /A5 6.33 12 Obv. of 7.
7. 3 /A6 5.97 12 Obv. of 6. Rev. of 8.
8. 4 /A6 5.65 12 Obv. of 9, 10? Rev. of 7.
9. 4 /A7 6.43 12 Obv. of 8, 10?
10. 4?/A? 6.50 12 Obv. of 8? 9?
11. 5 /A8 6.64 12 Dies of 12.
12. 5 /A8 6.52 12 Dies of 11.
13. 6 /A9 6.15 12 Obv. of 14.
14. 6 /A10 6.05 12 Obv. of 13.
15. 7 /A11 6.82 12
16. 8 /A12 6.82 12
17. 9 /A13 6.59 12
18. 10/A14 6.43 12
19. 11/A15 6.40 12
20. 12/A16 6.38 12
21. 13/A17 6.35 12
22. 14/A18 6.21 12
23. 15/A19 6.20 12
24. 16/A20 6.10 12
*25. 17/A21 5.97 12 Obv. of 28 (Nike), 29 (Nike).
26. 18/A22 5.91 12

Rev. B. NIKH CεBACTH

Rev. B1. Nike flying r., wreath in r., palm in l. Provincial style 27–40.

*27. 2/B1 6.38 12 Obv. of 4, 5 (Titus).
*28. 17/B2 6.96 12 Obv. of 25 (Titus), 29.
*29. 17/B3 6.43 12 Obv. of 25 (Titus), 28.
30. 18/B4 6.83 12
31. 19/B5 6.63 12
32. 20/B6 6.58 12
33. 21/B7 6.57 12
34. 22/B8 6.51 12
35. 23/B9 6.44 12
36. 24/B10 6.36 12
37. 25/B11 6.35 12
38. 26/B12 6.33 12
39. 27/B13 6.32 12
40. 28/B14 6.12 12

Rev. B2. Nike, on elongated base flying r. wreath in r., palm in l. Provincial style 41, Roman style 42.

41. V?/B? 6.68 12
42. 29/B15 6.52 6

Rev. C. TITOC AYTOKPATωP KAICAP ETOYC Θ. Titus standing front, head l.; spear in r., sheathed sword in l. Provincial style 43–45, Roman style 46.

Year 9, A.D. 77/8

43. 30/C1 6.47 12
44. 31/C2 6.39 12
45. 32/C3 6.24 12
46. 33/C4 5.95 6

Rev. D. ΔOMITIANOC KAICAP CEB YIO ET Θ, Domitian, togate, standing front, head l., olive branch in l. Provincial style.

47. 34/D1 6.88 12
48. 35/D2 6.71 12
49. 36/D3 6.61 12
50. 37/D4 6.57 12
*51. 38/D5 6.44 12
52. 39/D6 6.27 12

Domitian, A.D. 81–96

Obv. AYT KAI ΔOMITIANOC CEBACTOC ΓEPM. Head laureate r.

Rev. ETO IΓ

Rev. A. Mt. Argaeus; on summit, Helios radiate standing 1., globe in r., scepter in l.

Year 13, A.D. 92/3.

53. 1/A1 6.60 Rev. of 54, 55.
54. 2/A1 6.67 Rev. of 53, 55.
*55. 3/A1 6.51 6 Obv. of 91 (Athena). Rev. of 53, 54.
*56. 4/A2 6.56 6 Rev. of 57.
57. 5/A2 6.38 Rev. of 56.
58. 6/A3 6.65
*59. 7/A4 6.65 6
*60. 8/A5 6.66 6
*61. 9/A6 6.50 6
*62. 15/A7 6.35 6 Obv. of 72 (Athena).

Rev. B. Apollo (?) bust laureate draped l., scepter in r., cup or patera in l.

*63. 10/B1 6.44 6 Obv. of 66–68 (Athena), 131 (Nike).

Rev. C. Athena standing r., owl in r., spear in l.

*64. 11/C1 6.34 6 Obv. of 65, 98 (club), 129, 130 (Nike).
*65. 11/C2 6.34 6 Obv. of 64, 98 (club), 129, 130 (Nike).
*66. 10/C3 6.66 6 Obv. of 63 (Apollo), 67, 68, 131 (Nike).
67. 10/C4 6.77 6 Obv. of 63 (Apollo), 66, 68 (Athena), 131 (Nike).
*68. 10/C5 6.46 6 Obv. of 63 (Apollo), 66, 67 (Athena), 131 (Nike). Rev. of 69.
*69. 12/C5 6.51 6 Obv. of 133 (Nike). Rev. of 68.
*70. 13/C6 6.64 7 Obv. of 132 (Nike). Rev. of 87, 88.
71. 14/C7 6.05 Obv. of 134 (Nike). Rev. of 72.
*72. 15/C7 6.52 6 Obv. of 62 (Mt. Argaeus). Rev. of 71.
73. 16/C8 6.44 6 Obv. of 135 (Nike).
74. 17/C9 6.72 Obv. of 119 (club).
*75. 18/C9 6.47 6 Obv. of 76, 77, 148 (Nike). Rev. of 74.
76. 18/C10 6.70 6 Dies of 77. Obv. of 75, 148 (Nike). Rev. of 78.
*77. 18/C10 6.63 6 Dies of 76. Obv. of 75, 148 (Nike). Rev. of 78.
78. 19/C10 6.81 Rev. of 76, 77.
*79. 20/C11 6.63 6 Obv. of 80, 101 (club).
*80. 20/C12 6.54 6 Obv. of 79, 101 (club). Rev. of 81.
81. 21/C12 6.49 6 Rev. of 80.
*82. 22/C13 6.09 6 Obv. of 83, 84, 103, 104 (club).
83. 22/C14 6.53 6 Dies of 84. Obv. of 82, 103, 104 (club). Rev. of 86.
*84. 22/C14 6.39 6 Dies of 83. Obv. of 82, 103, 104 (club). Rev. of 85, 86.
*85. 23/C14 6.83 6 Dies of 86. Obv. of 87, 88. Rev. of 83, 84.
*86. 23/C14 6.20 6 Dies of 85. Obv. of 87, 88. Rev. of 83, 84.
*87. 23/C6 6.57 6 Dies of 88. Obv. of 85, 86. Rev. of 70.
*88. 23/C6 6.51 6 Dies of 87. Obv. of 85, 86, 88. Rev. of 70.
*89. 24/C15 6.46 6 Dies of 90.
*90. 24/C15 6.46 6 Dies of 89.
*91. 3/C16 6.44 6 Obv. of 55 (Mt. Argaeus). Rev. of 92.
*92. 25/C16 6.96 6 Rev. of 91.
*93. 26/C17 6.36 6 Dies of 94, 95.
*94. 26/C17 6.34 7 Dies of 93, 95.
*95. 26/C17 6.32 7 Dies of 93, 94.
*96. 27/C18 6.69 6
97. unc./unc. 6.35 6 No photographic record.

Rev. D. Club, handle at top.

*98. 11/D1 6.86 6 Obv. of 64, 65 (Athena), 129, 130 (Nike). Rev. of 99, 100.
*99. 28/D1 6.59 7 Rev. of 98, 100.
*100. 29/D1 6.34 6 Rev. of 98, 99.
*101. 20/D2 6.54 6 Obv. of 79, 80 (Athena). Rev. of 102.
*102. 30/D2 6.64 6 Rev. of 101.
*103. 22/D3 6.56 6 Dies of 104. Obv. of 82–84 (Athena). Rev. of 105–7.
*104. 22/D3 6.41 6 Dies of 103. Obv. of 82–84 (Athena). Rev. of 105–7.
*105. 31/D3 6.72 6 Rev. of 103, 104, 106, 107.
*106. 32/D3 6.89 6 Rev. of 103–5, 107.
*107. 33/D3 6.35 6 Obv. of 122 (quadriga). Rev. of 103–6.
108. 34/D4 6.77 6 Dies of 109, 110.
109. 34/D4 6.74 Dies of 108, 110.
*110. 34/D4 6.46 6 Dies of 108, 109.
*111. 35/D5 6.92 6 Dies of 112, 113.
*112. 35/D5 6.83 6 Dies of 111, 113.
*113. 35/D5 6.53 6 Dies of 111, 112.
*114. 36/D6 6.33 6
*115. 37/D7 6.35 6 Rev. of 116.
116. 38/D7 6.35 6 Rev. of 115.
*117. 39/D8 6.57 6 Obv. of 118.
*118. 39/D9 6.87 6 Obv. of 117.
*119. 17/D10 6.25 6 Obv. of 74 (Athena).
*120. 40/D11 5.62 6 Double struck.
*121. 41/D12 6.80 6

Rev. E. Anepigraphic. Domitian in quadriga r., holding laurel branch and scepter.

*122. 33/E1 6.66 6 Obv. of 107 (club).
123. 42/E2 6.43 Obv. of 124.
124. 42/E3 6.47 Obv. of 123.
*125. 43/E4 6.58 6 Dies of 126.
*126. 43/E4 6.47 6 Dies of 125.
*127. 44/E5 6.61 6 Dies of 128. Obv. of 149 (Nike).
*128. 44/E5 6.40 6 Dies of 127. Obv. of 149 (Nike).

Rev. F. Nike running r., wreath in r., palm in l.

*129. 11/F1 6.59 7 Dies of 130. Obv. of 64, 65 (Athena), 98 (club).
*130. 11/F1 6.10 6 Dies of 129. Obv. of 64, 65 (Athena), 98 (club).
*131. 10/F2 6.41 6 Obv. of 63 (Apollo), 66–68 (Athena). Rev. of 132.
132. 13/F2 6.32 6 Obv. of 70 (Athena). Rev. of 131.
*133. 12/F3 6.26 6 Obv. of 69 (Athena).
*134. 14/F4 6.30 7 Obv. of 71 (Athena). Rev. of 135.
*135. 16/F4 6.14 7 Obv. of 73 (Athena). Rev. of 134.
*136. 45/F5 6.65 5 Dies of 137.
*137. 45/F5 6.64 6 Dies of 136.
*138. 46/F6 6.75 6 Dies of 139, 140.
139. 46/F6 6.54 6 Dies of 138, 140.
*140. 46/F6 6.39 6 Dies of 138, 139.
141. 47/F7 6.46 Rev. of 142.
*142. 48/F7 6.73 6 Rev. of 141.
143. 49/F8 6.84 Dies of 144, 145. Rev. of 146, 148, 149.
*144. 49/F8 6.70 6 Dies of 143, 145. Rev. of 146, 148, 149.
*145. 49/F8 6.54 6 Dies of 143, 144. Rev. of 146, 148, 149.
*146. 50/F8 6.76 6 Obv. of 147. Rev. of 143–45, 148, 149.
*147. 50/F9 6.46 6 Obv. of 146.
*148. 18/F8 6.51 6 Obv. of 75–77 (Athena). Rev. of 143–46, 149.
149. 44/F8 6.33 6 Obv. of 127 (quadriga). Rev. of 143–46, 148.
150. 51/F10 6.35

Nerva, A.D. 96–98

Obv. AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC. Head laureate r.

Rev. OMON CTPAT

Rev. Clasped hands holding standard on prow.

Undated

151. 1/H1 6.74 6 Obv. of 152.
152. 1/H2 6.01 12 Obv. of 151.

Rev. YΠATOY TPITOY

COS III, A.D. 97

Rev. Club, handle at top.

153. 2/C1 6.56 12
154. 3/C2 5.32 12

Rev. YΠATOY TETAPTOY

COS IIII, A.D. 98

Rev. Club, handle at top.

*155. 4/C3 6.35 12

Rev. Mt. Argaeus. On summit, nude figure, globe in 1., scepter in r.

*156. 5/A1 6.88 12

Obv. AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC YΠAT Δ

Rev. EΛEYΘ ΔHMOY

Rev. Eleutheria standing l., pileus in r., rod in l.

157. 6/E1 6.70 6

Rev. OMON CTPAT

Rev. Clasped hands holding standard on prow.

158. 7/H3 6.42 11
*159. 8/H4 5.91 12

Rev. TYXH CEBACTOY

Rev. Tyche standing l., prow in r., cornucopia in l.

160. 9/T1 6.55 12

Trajan, A.D. 98–117

Obv. AYT KAI NEPOYAC TPAIANOC CEBAC ΓEPM

Rev. YΠAT ΔEYT

COS II, A.D. 98/9

Obv. Head laureate r.

Rev. A. Mt. Argaeus; on summit, Helios standing l., globe in r., scepter in l.

161. 1/A1 6.78 12 Obv. of 162.
*162. 1/A2 6.63 12 Obv. of 161.
*163. 2/A3 6.73 11
*164. 3/A4 6.54 12 Obv. of 167 (male figure), 169 (club).

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

*165. 4/A5 6.54 12 Dies of 166.
*166. 4/A5 6.51 12 Dies of 165.

Obv. Head laureate r.

Rev. B. Male figure bearded r., helmeted, in military dress, standing frontally, spear in r., shield in l.

*167. 3/M1 6.15 5 Obv. of 164 (Mt. Argaeus), 169 (club).

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

*168. 5/M2 6.93 6

Obv. Head laureate r.

Rev. C. Club, handle at top.

*169. 3/C1 6.56 5 Obv. of 164 (Mt. Argaeus), 167 (male figure).
*170. 6/C2 6.52 12

Obv. AYT KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB ΓEPM

Rev. ΔHM EΞ YΠAT B

Obv. Head laureate r.

Rev. A. Mt. Argaeus. On summit, Helios standing, globe in r., scepter in l.

*171. 7/A6 6.47 6 Obv. of 189 (Tyche).
172. 8/A7 6.90 6 Dies of 173. Rev. of 174, 175.
*173. 8/A7 6.55 6 Dies of 172. Rev. of 174, 175.
174. 9/A7 6.79 6 Rev. of 172, 173, 175.
*175. 10/A7 6.65 6 Obv. of 176. Rev. of 172–74.
*176. 10/A8 6.65 6 Obv. of 175.
*177. 11/A9 6.84 6
*178. 12/A10 6.68 6 Rev. of 179.
*179. 13/A10 6.21 6 Obv. of 182 (Eleutheria). Rev. of 178.

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

*180. 14/A11 6.70 6 Obv. of 181.
*181. 14/A12 6.68 6 Obv. of 180.

Obv. Head laureate r.

Rev. B. Eleutheria standing l., pileus in r., rod in l.

*182. 13/E1 6.51 6 Obv. of 179 (Mt. Argaeus). Rev. of 183.
*183. 15/E1 6.60 6 Obv. of 184. Rev. of 182.
*184. 15/E2 6.42 6 Obv. of 183.
*185. 16/E3 6.44 6
*186. 17/E4 6.56 7 Obv. of 187.
*187. 17/E5 6.46 7 Obv. of 186.
*188. 18/E6 6.35 6

Rev. C. Tyche standing l., rudder in r., cornucopia in l.

*189. 7/T1 6.67 6 Obv. of 171 (Mt. Argaeus).
190. 19/T2 6.93 6
*191. 20/T3 6.79 6 Obv. of 193 (club).
*192. 21/T4 6.60 6

Rev. D. Club, handle at top.

*193. 20/C3 6.50 6 Obv. of 191 (Tyche).
*194. 22/C4 6.80 7
*195. 23/C5 6.69 6 Obv. of 196.
*196. 23/C6 6.69 6 Obv. of 195. Rev. of 197.
*197. 24/C6 6.64 7 Rev. of 196.
*198. 25/C7 6.18 7

Rev. E. Clasped hands holding standard on prow.

*199. 26/H1 6.61 5
200. 27/H2 6.51 6

Rev. F. Similar but ΔHMAPX EΞ YΠAT B. Female bust (Hera?) l., wearing headdress, short scepter in each hand.

*201. 28/F1 7.11 6

Obv. AYTOKPA KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB ΓEPM ΔAK

Rev. ΔHMAPX EΞ YΠATO ς

COS VI, A.D. 112–117, first phase, Trajan not yet optimus.

Rev. A. Club, handle at bottom.

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

*202. 1/A1 6.85 6 Rev. of 212, 216.
203. 2/A2 7.12 6 Obv. of 204.
204. 2/A3 6.95 6 Obv. of 203.
*205. 3/A4 6.72 7
206. 4/A5 6.56 6
207. 5/A6 6.67 6 Dies of 208.
208. 5/A6 6.40 6 Dies of 207.
209. 6/A7 6.91 6
*210. 7/A8 6.70 7 Dies of 211.
211. 7/A8 6.67 6 Dies of 210.

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

212. 8/A1 6.95 7 Obv. of 213. Rev. of 202, 216.
*213. 8/A9 6.70 7 Obv. of 212.
214. 9/A10 6.75 7 Rev. of 225, 226.
*215. 10/A11 6.65 7 Rev. of 217.

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

216. 11/A1 6.73 7 Rev. of 202, 212.
217. 12/A11 6.73 7 Rev. of 215.
218. 13/A12 7.01 6
219. 14/A13 6.93 6
220. 15/A14 6.73 7
221. 16/A15 6.57 7
222. 17/A16 6.62 6 Rev. of 230.
223. 18/A17 6.46 7 Rev. of 232–34.
224. 19/A18 6.41 7 Rev. of 235, 236.

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

225. 20/A10 6.69 6 Dies of 226. Rev. of 214.
226. 20/A10 6.39 6 Dies of 225. Rev. of 214.
227. 21/A19 6.66 6 Dies of 228. Obv. of 229.
228. 21/A19 6.54 6 Dies of 227.
*229. 21/A20 6.24 6 Obv. of 227, 228.

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind, globe beneath.

*230. 22/A16 6.68 7 Obv. of 231. Rev. of 222.
*231. 22/A21 6.94 7 Obv. of 230. Rev. of 463 (Trajan optimus).
*232. 23/A17 7.33 6 Rev. of 223, 233, 234.
233. 24/A17 6.74 6 Dies of 234. Rev. of 223, 232.
234. 24/A17 6.53 6 Dies of 233. Rev. of 223, 232.
235. 25/A18 6.46 7 Rev. of 224, 236.
236. 26/A18 6.44 6 Obv. of 237–39. Rev. of 224, 235.
*237. 26/A22 7.18 6 Dies of 238, 239. Obv. of 236.
238. 26/A22 6.97 6 Dies of 237, 239. Obv. of 236.
239. 26/A22 6.84 6 Dies of 237, 238. Obv. of 236.
*240. 27/A23 6.84 6
*241. 28/A24 6.80 7
242. 29/A25 6.80 7
243. 30/A26 6.72 7
*244. 31/A27 6.50 7

Rev. B. Apollo standing l., olive branch in r., bow and arrow in l.

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

245. 32/B1 6.63 6 Dies of 246. Rev. of 249.
*246. 32/B1 6.59 6 Dies of 245. Rev. of 249.
247. 33/B2 6.65 7
248. 34/B3 6.71 6

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

*249. 35/B1 6.76 7 Rev. of 245, 246.
*250. 36/B4 6.85 7 Obv. of 251, 252.
251. 36/B5 6.63 7 Obv. of 250, 252.
252. 36/B6 6.54 6 Obv. of 250, 251. Rev. of 256–58.
253. 37/B7 6.90 6
254. 38/B8 6.63 7
255. 39/B9 6.61 7

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

*256. 40/B6 6.76 7 Dies of 257, 258. Rev. of 252.
257. 40/B6 6.71 7 Dies of 256, 258. Obv. of 259. Rev. of 252.
258. 40/B6 6.71 7 Dies of 256, 257. Obv. of 259. Rev. of 252.
259. 40/B7 6.75 7 Obv. of 256–58. Rev. of 253, 288.
260. 41/B10 6.89 7 Dies of 261.
*261. 41/B10 6.82 7 Dies of 260.
262. 42/B11 6.73 6 Rev. of 263, 264, 292, 293.
*263. 43/B11 6.67 6 Dies of 264. Rev. of 262, 292, 293.
*264. 43/B11 6.49 6 Dies of 263. Rev. of 262, 292, 293.
*265. 44/B12 6.58 7 Dies of 266. Obv. of 267.
266. 44/B12 6.46 6 Dies of 265. Obv. of 267.
*267. 44/B13 6.69 6 Obv. of 265, 266. Rev. of 268, 269.
268. 45/B13 6.81 6 Dies of 269. Rev. of 267.
269. 45/B13 6.63 6 Dies of 268. Rev. of 267.
270. 46/B14 6.47 6 Rev. of 271.
*271. 47/B14 6.46 6 Obv. of 272. Rev. of 270.
*272. 47/B15 6.44 7 Obv. of 271.
273. 48/B16 7.04 6 Dies of 274.
274. 48/B16 6.31 6 Dies of 273.
275. 49/B17 6.57 6
*276. 50/B18 6.82 6 Rev. of 277.
*277. 51/B18 6.73 7 Rev. of 276.
278. 52/B19 6.34 6 Rev. of 279.
279. 53/B19 6.28 6 Rev. of 278.
280. 54/B20 7.00 6 Dies of 281, 282.
281. 54/B20 6.59 6 Dies of 280, 282.
*282. 54/B20 6.54 7 Dies of 280, 281.
283. 55/B21 7.07 6
*284. 56/B22 6.89 6
285. 57/B23 6.76 6
*286. 58/B24 6.29 6
287. 59/B25 6.25 6

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

288. 60/B7 7.22 7 Obv. of 289. Rev. of 253, 259.
289. 60/B26 6.81 7 Obv. of 288.
290. 61/B27 6.65 7 Obv. of 291.
291. 61/B28 6.51 7 Obv. of 290.

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind, globe beneath.

*292. 62/B11 6.70 6 Dies of 293. Rev. of 262–64.
*293. 62/B11 6.65 6 Dies of 292. Rev. of 262–64.
294. 63/B29 6.93 6

Rev. C. Female bust (Artemis?) l. in chiton, spear in r., patera in l.

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

*295. 64/C1 6.99 6 Dies of 296, 297. Obv. of 298. Rev. of 322, 334.
296. 64/C1 6.83 6 Dies of 295, 297. Obv. of 298. Rev. of 322, 334.
*297. 64/C1 6.54 6 Dies of 295, 296. Obv. of 298. Rev. of 322, 334.
*298. 64/C2 6.96 6 Obv. of 295–97. Rev. of 326.
*299. 65/C3 6.70 7 Obv. of 300.
300. 65/C4 6.63 6 Obv. of 299.
301. 66/C5 6.57 7 Dies of 302.
302. 66/C5 6.54 6 Dies of 301.
303. 67/C6 6.85 6
*304. 68/C7 6.81 7
305. 69/C8 6.80 6
306. 70/C9 6.80 6
307. 71/C10 6.75 7
308. 72/C11 6.60 6

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

309. 73/C12 6.64 6 Dies of 310. Obv. of 311.
310. 73/C12 6.51 6 Dies of 309. Obv. of 311.
*311. 73/C13 6.62 6 Obv. of 309, 310.
*312. 74/C14 6.49 6
313. 75/C15 6.43 6

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

314. 76/C16 6.81 7 Obv. of 315–19. Rev. of 335.
315. 76/C17 7.05 6 Dies of 316. Obv. of 314, 317–19.
316. 76/C17 6.80 7 Dies of 315. Obv. of 314, 317–19.
317. 76/C18 6.88 6 Dies of 318, 319. Obv. of 314–16.
318. 76/C18 6.64 6 Dies of 317, 319. Obv. of 314–16.
*319. 76/C18 6.50 6 Dies of 317, 318. Obv. of 314–16.
*320. 77/C19 6.54 6 Rev. of 321.
321. 78/C19 6.50 6 Obv. of 322. Rev. of 320.
*322. 78/C1 6.84 6 Obv. of 321. Rev. of 295–97, 334.
*323. 79/C20 6.97 6 Dies of 324. Obv. of 325.
324. 79/C20 6.66 6 Dies of 323. Obv. of 325.
325. 79/C21 6.67 6 Obv. of 323, 324.
326. 80/C2 6.76 6 Obv. of 327. Rev. of 298.
*327. 80/C22 6.59 6 Obv. of 326.
328. 81/C23 6.93 7
329. 82/C24 6.89 7
330. 83/C25 6.81 6
331. 84/C26 6.75 7
332. 85/C27 6.73 7
333. 86/C28 6.59 6 Globe beneath?

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

334. 87/C1 6.63 6 Rev. of 295–97, 322.

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind, globe beneath.

335. 88/C16 6.72 6 Obv. of 336–38. Rev. of 314.
*336. 88/C29 6.92 6 Obv. of 335, 337, 338.
337. 88/C30 6.75 7 Obv. of 335, 336, 338.
*338. 88/C31 6.75 6 Obv. of 335–37. Rev. of 339.
339. 89/C31 6.60 7 Rev. of 338.
*340. 90/C32 6.56 6 Dies of 341. Obv. of 342.
341. 90/C32 6.45 6 Dies of 340. Obv. of 342.
*342. 90/C33 6.64 6 Obv. of 340, 341. Rev. of 343, 344.
343. 91/C33 6.81 6 Dies of 344. Rev. of 342.
344. 91/C33 6.66 6 Dies of 343. Rev. of 342.
*345. 92/C34 6.49 6 Dies of 346.
*346. 92/C34 6.39 6 Dies of 345.
347. 93/C35 6.75 6
348. 94/C36 6.79 6 Rev. of 349.
*349. 95/C36 6.75 7 Rev. of 348.
*350. 96/C37 6.62 6
*351. 97/C38 6.87 7

Rev. D. Tyche standing l., rudder on globe on ground in r., cornucopia in l.

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

*352. 98/D1 6.61 7 Obv. of 353, 354. Rev. of 363, 364.
353. 98/D2 6.93 7 Obv. of 352, 354.
*354. 98/D3 6.69 7 Obv. of 352, 353.
*355. 99/D4 6.85 7 Dies of 356. Rev. of 373, 374.
*356. 99/D4 6.52 7 Dies of 355. Rev. of 373, 374.
357. 100/D5 6.69 7
358. 101/D6 6.60 7
*359. 102/D7 6.59 6
360. 103/D8 6.55 6
*361. 104/D9 6.48 7
362. 105/D10 6.46 6

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

*363. 106/D1 6.74 7 Dies of 364. Obv. of 365. Rev. of 352.
*364. 106/D1 6.46 7 Dies of 363. Obv. of 365. Rev. of 352.
365. 106/D11 6.72 7 Obv. of 363, 364.
366. 107/D12 6.84 7 Obv. of 367.
*367. 107/D13 6.56 6 Obv. of 366.
368. 108/D14 6.97 6 Dies of 369.
*369. 108/D14 6.71 6 Dies of 368.
*370. 109/D15 6.87 6 Dies of 371.
*371. 109/D15 6.73 6 Dies of 370.
372. 110/D16 6.71 6

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

373. 111/D4 6.68 7 Dies of 374. Obv. of 375. Rev. of 355, 356.
374. 111/D4 6.60 7 Dies of 373. Obv. of 375. Rev. of 355, 356.
375. 111/D17 6.80 7 Obv. of 373, 374.
*376. 112/D18 6.70 6 Dies of 377.
*377. 112/D18 6.67 6 Dies of 376.
378. 113/D19 7.08 6 Dies of 379. Obv. of 380–82. Rev. of 392, 393.
*379. 113/D19 6.76 7 Dies of 378. Obv. of 380–82. Rev. of 392, 393.
380. 113/D20 6.60 6 Dies of 381. Obv. of 378, 379, 382.
381. 113/D20 6.46 6 Dies of 380. Obv. of 378, 379, 382.
382. 113/D21 6.88 7 Obv. of 378–81.
383. 114/D22 6.71 6
*384. 115/D23 6.53 6
*385. 116/D24 6.72 6 Globe beneath?
*386. 117/D25 6.71 6 Globe beneath?
*387. 118/D26 6.70 6 Globe beneath?
388. 119/D27 6.69 6 Globe beneath?
389. 120/D28 6.67 6 Globe beneath?
390. 121/D29 6.57 6 Globe beneath?

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

391. 122/D30 6.96 6

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind, globe beneath.

392. 123/D19 6.45 6 Rev. of 378, 379, 393.
*393. 124/D19 6.79 6 Obv. of 394, 395. Rev. of 378, 392.
*394. 124/D31 6.75 6 Dies of 395. Obv. of 393.
*395. 124/D31 6.30 6 Dies of 394. Obv. of 393.
*396. 125/D32 7.03 7 Obv. of 397–99.
*397. 125/D33 6.85 6 Obv. of 396, 398, 399.
*398. 125/D34 6.75 6 Dies of 399. Obv. of 396, 397.
399. 125/D34 6.54 6 Dies of 398. Obv. of 396, 397.
*400. 126/D35 6.79 6 Dies of 401.
*401. 126/D35 6.63 6 Dies of 400.
402. 127/D36 7.09 7 Dies of 403–5. Obv. of 406.
403. 127/D36 6.90 6 Dies of 402, 404, 405. Obv. of 406.
404. 127/D36 6.75 7 Dies of 402, 403, 405. Obv. of 406.
405. 127/D36 6.42 7 Dies of 402–4. Obv. of 406.
406. 127/D37 7.01 6 Obv. of 402–5.
407. 128/D38 6.73 6 Dies of 408, 409.
408. 128/D38 6.73 6 Dies of 407, 409.
*409. 128/D38 6.61 6 Dies of 407, 408.
410. 129/D39 6.47 6 Rev. of 411, 412.
*411. 130/D39 6.71 6 Rev. of 410, 412.
412. 131/D39 6.69 6 Rev. of 410, 411.
*413. 132/D40 6.85 6 Dies of 414.
*414. 132/D40 6.73 6 Dies of 413.
*415. 133/D41 6.78 6

Rev. E. Mt. Argaeus of varying design, usually grotto at bottom containing cult stone, flanked by two pyramidal objects. At top, second grotto, sometimes with appearance of flame. Trees on slopes of mountain.

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

416. 134/E1 6.29 6 Rev. of 430, 447.
*417. 135/E2 6.80 6
*418. 136/E3 6.32 7 Rev. of 443, 444.

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

*419. 137/E4 6.63 7 Dies of 420. Obv. of 421–24.
*420. 137/E4 6.33 7 Dies of 419. Obv. of 421–24.
421. 137/E5 6.56 7 Obv. of 419, 420, 422–24.
*422. 137/E6 7.06 7 Dies of 423, 424. Obv. of 419–21.
*423. 137/E6 6.87 7 Dies of 422, 424. Obv. of 419–21.
424. 137/E6 6.48 7 Dies of 422, 423. Obv. of 419–21.
425. 138/E7 6.95 7
426. 139/E8 6.76 6 Dies of 427.
*427. 139/E8 6.64 6 Dies of 426.
*428. 140/E9 6.85 7 Rev. of 429, 445.
*429. 141/E9 6.54 6 Rev. of 428.

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

430. 142/E1 6.54 7 Rev. of 416, 447.
431. 143/E10 6.94 7 Dies of 432. Rev. of 433.
432. 143/E10 6.55 6 Dies of 431. Rev. of 433.
433. 144/E10 6.65 6 Obv. of 434–36. Rev. of 431, 432.
*434. 144/E11 6.98 7 Dies of 435, 436. Obv. of 433.
*435. 144/E11 6.57 7 Dies of 434, 436. Obv. of 433.
436. 144/E11 6.06 7 Dies of 434, 435. Obv. of 433.
437. 145/E12 6.72 6 Dies of 438. Rev. of 439.
438. 145/E12 6.71 6 Dies of 437. Rev. of 439.
439. 146/E12 6.65 6 Rev. of 437, 438.
440. 147/E13 7.08 6 Dies of 441, 442.
441. 147/E13 6.87 6 Dies of 440, 442.
442. 147/E13 6.46 6 Dies of 440, 441.
*443. 148/E3 6.93 7 Rev. of 418, 444.

Obv. IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS VI P P

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

*444. 149/E3 6.81 8 Obv. of 445, 446. Rev. of 418, 443.
*445. 149/E9 6.54 7 Obv. of 444, 446. Rev. of 428, 429.
*446. 149/E14 6.68 7 Obv. of 444, 445.

Obv. Legend as 202–443.

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind, globe beneath.

*447. 150/E1 6.82 6 Rev. of 416, 430.
448. 151/E15 6.77 7 Dies of 449. Rev. of 450.
449. 151/E15 6.55 6 Dies of 448. Rev. of 450.
*450. 152/E15 6.47 7 Rev. of 448, 449.
451. 153/E16 6.79 6 Rev. of 452.
452. 154/E16 6.76 6 Rev. of 451.
453. 155/E17 6.74 6 Obv. of 454.
*454. 155/E18 6.67 6 Obv. of 453.
455. 156/E19 6.83 6
*456. 157/E20 6.68 6

The numbering of obverses begins anew with the prefix A. The numbering of reverse dies continues from the first phase. Since the clasped hands type of group D below is new, reverse dies are prefixed H rather than D.

Obv. AYTOKP KAIC NEP TPAIANω APICTω CEB ΓEPM ΔAK

Rev. ΔHMAPX EΞ YΠATO ς

Second phase, Trajan optimus, not yet Parthicus.

Rev. A. Club, handle at bottom.

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

457. A1/A28 6.32 7 Obv. of 458.
458. A1/A29 6.23 7 Obv. of 457.
459. A2/A30 6.25 7 Rev. of 460.

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

460. A3/A30 6.57 7 Obv. of 461. Rev. of 459.
461. A3/A31 6.60 7 Obv. of 460.
462. A4/A32 6.29 7

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.

463. A5/A21 6.24 6 Dies of 464. Rev. of 231 (Trajan not yet optimus).
464. A5/A21 5.92 6 Dies of 463. Rev. of 231 (Trajan not yet optimus).

Rev. B. Apollo standing l., olive branch in r., bow and arrow in l.

465. A6/B30 6.37 6

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

466. A7/B31 6.77 7

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped? cuirassed.

467. A8/B32 7.10 6 Dies of 468, 469.
468. A8/B32 6.81 6 Dies of 467, 469.
469. A8/B32 6.77 6 Dies of 467, 468.

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.

470. A9/B33 6.86 7 Dies of 471.
*471. A9/B33 6.72 7 Dies of 470.
*472. A10/B34 6.88 7 Rev. of 473, 474.
473. A11/B34 6.63 6 Rev. of 472, 474.
474. A12/B34 6.00 6 Rev. of 472, 473.
*475. A13/B35 7.03 6

Rev. C. Female bust (Artemis?)l. in chiton, spear in r., patera in l.

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

476. A14/C39 6.97 6 Obv. of 477.
477. A14/C40 6.45 6 Obv. of 476. Rev. of 481.

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

478. A15/C41 6.53 6 Rev. of 479, 480.

Obv. Bust laureate r., cuirassed.

479. A16/C41 6.78 6 Dies of 480. Rev. of 478.
*480. A16/C41 6.30 6 Dies of 479. Rev. of 478.

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

481. A17/C40 7.09 6 Obv. of 482. Rev. of 477.
482. A17/C42 7.16 5 Obv. of 481.
483. A18/C43 6.33 6

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.

484. A19/C44 7.02 6
485. A20/C45 6.99 6
486. A21/C46 6.90 6
487. A22/C47 6.72 6

Rev. D. Clasped hands holding standard on prow.

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

*488. A23/H1 6.65 6 Dies of 489.
489. A23/H1 6.64 6 Dies of 488.
490. A24/H2 6.89 7 Obv. of 491. Rev. of 492.
491. A24/H3 6.54 7 Obv. of 490. Rev. of 493.

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

492. A25/H2 6.87 7 Rev. of 490.
*493. A26/H3 6.44 7 Obv. of 494. Rev. of 491.
494. A26/H4 7.11 6 Obv. of 493.
495. A27/H5 6.88 6 Dies of 496.
496. A27/H5 6.53 6 Dies of 495.
497. A28/H6 6.55 7

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.

498. A29/H7 6.69 7

Rev. E. Mt. Argaeus of hemispherical design, grotto at bottom containing cult stone and two or more pyramidal or round objects. At top, stylized grotto (or crater?). Trees on slopes.

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

*499. A30/E21 6.93 7 Obv. of 500–502.
500. A30/E22 6.76 7 Obv. of 499, 501, 502.
501. A30/E23 6.70 7 Obv. of 499, 500, 502.
502. A30/E24 6.54 6 Obv. of 499–501.
503. A31/E25 6.98 7
*504. A32/E26 6.75 7
505. A33/E27 7.04 7 Rev. of 506, 507.
506. A34/E27 6.46 7 Rev. of 505, 507.

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

*507. A35/E27 6.58 7 Obv. of 508. Rev. of 505, 506.
*508. A35/E28 6.44 7 Obv. of 507.
509. A36/E29 7.05 7

Hadrian, A.D. 117–138

Obv. AYT KAIC TPAIAN AΔPIANOC CEB

Rev. ΔHMAPX EΞ YΠAT Γ

A. D. 119–128, COS III, not yet Pater Patriae

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Rev. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by Helios standing l., globe in r., scepter in l.

510. 1/1 6.57 6

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.

*511. 2/2 6.47 7

Obv. AΔPIANOC CEBACTOC

Rev. YΠATOC Γ ΠATHP ΠATP

A.D. 128–138, COS III, Pater Patriae

Rev. A. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by Helios, globe in r., scepter in l.

Obv. Head laureate r.

512. 3/A1 6.79 7 Rev. of 514.
513. 4/A2 6.73 6

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

*514. 5/A1 6.45 7 Obv. of 527. Rev. of 512.
515. 6/A3 6.55 6

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.

*516. 7/A4 6.63 6

Rev. B. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by star.

Obv. Head laureate r.

517. 8/B1 6.71 6
518. 9/B2 6.56 6

Rev. C. Mt. Argaeus. In field, three stars.

Obv. Head laureate r.

519. 10/C1 6.78 6
520. 11/C2 6.72 6
521. 12/C3 6.70 7
522. 13/C4 6.67 6
523. 14/C5 6.62 7 Obv. of 524. Rev. of 527.
524. 14/C6 6.46 7 Obv. of 523.
525. 15/C7 6.41 7

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

526. 16/C8 6.60 7

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

*527. 5/C5 6.70 7 Obv. of 514. Rev. of 523.

Antoninus Pius, A.D. 138–161

Obv. AYTOKP ANTωNEINOC CEBACTOC

Rev. YΠATOC B

COS II, A.D. 139

Obv. Head laureate r.

Rev. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by Helios, standing l., globe in r., scepter in l.

*528. 1/1 6.34 5

Rev. YΠATOC Γ

COS III, A.D. 140–144

Rev. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by star.

529. 2/2 6.89 12 Obv. of 530, 531.
*530. 2/3 6.39 6 Obv. of 529, 531.
531. 2/4 6.00 7 Obv. of 529, 530.
532. 3/5 7.08 6

Marcus Aurelius, A.D. 161–180

Obv. AYTOKP ANTΩNEINOC CEB

Rev. A. YΠATOC Γ, Mount Argaeus surmounted by Helios, globe in r., scepter in l.

COS III for Marcus, COS II for Lucius, A.D. 161–166

Obv. Head r.

*533. 1/A1 7.20 7 Obv. of 612.
*534. 2/A2 6.86 6 Obv. of 613.
*535. 3/A3 6.55 7 Obv. of 614.
*536. 4/A4 6.92 7 Obv. of 615.
537. 5/A5 6.47 6 Dies of 538. Rev. of 555.
538. 5/A5 5.94 6 Dies of 537.
*539. 6/A6 6.60 12 Rev. of 540, 558, 559.
540. 7/A6 6.38 12 Rev. of 539, 558, 559.
*541. 8/A7 6.71 12 Rev. of 604.
*542. 9/A8 7.07 12 Obv. of 543.
*543. 9/A9 6.44 12 Obv. of 542. Rev. of 594.
*544. 10/A10 6.85 12 Obv. of 545.
545. 10/A11 6.40 1 Obv. of 544.
*546. 11/A12 7.93 12
*547. 12/A13 7.24 12
*548. 13/A14 6.95 11
*549. 14/A15 6.79 12
*550. 15/A16 6.74 12
*551. 16/A17 6.73 12
*552. 17/A18 6.71 6
*553. 18/A19 6.65 5

Obv. Head laureate r.

*554. 19/A20 6.72 12 Obv. of 629.
*555. 20/A5 6.64 12 Rev. of 537, 538.
*556. 20/A21 6.15 12 Dies of 557. Rev. of 589.
*557. 20/A21 6.10 12 Dies of 556. Rev. of 589.
558. 21/A6 6.83 6 Rev. of 539, 540, 559.
559. 22/A6 7.11 5 Rev. of 539, 540, 558.
*560. 23/A22 6.92 12 Obv. of 561.
561. 23/A23 6.78 7 Obv. of 560.
*562. 24/A24 6.61 12 Obv. of 563.
*563. 24/A25 6.32 11 Obv. of 562.
*564. 25/A26 6.96 6
*565. 26/A27 6.96 6
*566. 27/A28 6.89 6
*567. 28/A29 6.63 6
*568. 29/A30 6.67 5
*569. 30/A31 6.57 12
*570. 31/A32 6.57 12
*571. 32/A33 6.48 6
*572. 33/A34 6.33 5 Rev. of 580.

Obv. Bust r., drapery on l. shoulder.

*573. 34/A35 6.61 12 Obv. of 650. Rev. of 581
*574. 35/A36 6.85 6
*575. 36/A37 6.76 6
*576. 37/A38 6.75 6
577. 38/A39 6.61 5
*578. 39/A40 6.59 12
*579. 40/A41 6.47 5

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

*580. 41/A34 6.45 12 Obv. of 656, 657. Rev. of 572.
*581. 42/A35 6.64 6 Obv. of 582. Rev. of 573.
*582. 42/A42 6.76 12 Obv. of 581.
*583. 43/A43 6.75 6

Obv. Bust r., cuirassed, seen from behind.

*584. 44/A44 6.77 12 Obv. of 585, 662.
*585. 44/A45 6.62 12 Obv. 584, 662. Rev. of 590.
586. 45/A46 6.39 6 Obv. of 663.

Obv. Bust laureate r., cuirassed, seen from behind.

*587. 46/A47 6.99 6 Obv. of 670. Rev. of 588, 605, 606.
*588. 47/A47 6.60 6 Rev. of 587, 605, 606.
589. 48/A21 6.79 6 Rev. of 556, 557.
590. 49/A45 6.79 5 Rev. of 585.
*591. 50/A48 6.65 6 Obv. of 592, 671.
*592. 50/A48 6.24 6 Dies of 591. Obv. of 671.
593. 51/A49 7.12 6 Obv. of 594.
*594. 51/A9 6.75 6 Obv. of 593. Rev. of 543.
*595. 52/A50 6.66 12 Obv. of 596.
*596. 52/A51 6.62 12 Obv. of 595.
*597. 53/A52 7.24 6
*598. 54/A53 6.89 12
*599. 55/A54 6.82 6
*600. 56/A55 6.79 12
*601. 57/A56 6.68 5
602. 58/A57 6.51 12
603. 59/A58 6.46 12

Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

*604. 60/A7 7.11 12 Rev. of 541.
*605. 61/A47 6.70 12 Dies of 606. Rev. of 587, 588.
*606. 61/A47 6.46 6 Dies of 605. Rev. of 587, 588.
*607. 61/A59 6.81 12 Obv. of 605, 606.
*608. 62/A60 6.83 6
*609. 63/A61 6.56 6
610. 64/A62 6.56 6

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

*611. 65/A63 6.40 12

Rev. B. YΠATOC Γ Mt. Argaeus surmounted by star.

Obv. Head r.

*612. 1/B1 6.60 6 Obv. of 533. Rev. of 686.
*613. 2/B2 6.37 12 Obv. of 534.
*614. 3/B3 6.39 6 Obv. of 535.
*615. 4/B4 6.82 6 Obv. of 536.
*616. 66/B5 6.92 12 Dies of 617. Obv. of 618. Rev. of 630.
*617. 66/B5 6.61 12 Dies of 616. Obv. of 618. Rev. of 630.
618. 66/B6 6.61 12 Obv. of 616, 617.
619. 67/B7 6.81 6 Rev. of 633, 692.
*620. 68/B8 6.90 6 Dies of 621.
621. 68/B8 6.78 6 Dies of 620.
*622. 69/B9 7.08 6
623. 70/B10 6.73 6
*624. 71/B11 6.64 12
*625. 72/B12 6.64 6
*626. 73/B13 6.59 12
*627. 74/B14 6.54 6
*628. 75/B15 6.24 11

Obv. Head laureate r.

*629. 19/B16 6.82 12 Obv. of 554.
630. 76/B5 6.58 12 Obv. of 631. Rev. of 616, 617.
*631. 76/B17 6.29 12 Obv. of 630. Rev. double struck.
*632. 77/B18 6.36 12
*633. 78/B7 6.47 6 Rev. of 619, 692.
634. 79/B19 6.34 10 Rev. of 687, 688.
*635. 80/B20 6.53 6 Rev. of 652.
*636. 81/B21 6.96 6 Dies of 637. Rev. of 638.
*637. 81/B21 6.33 6 Dies of 636. Rev. of 638.
*638. 82/B21 6.66 6 Obv. of 639. Rev. of 636, 637.
*639. 82/B22 6.23 6 Obv. of 638.
*640. 83/B23 7.16 6
*641. 84/B24 6.79 6
642. 85/B25 6.75 6
*643. 86/B26 6.70 6
*644. 87/B27 6.65 5
*645. 88/B28 6.54 12
*646. 89/B29 6.54 12
*647. 90/B30 6.51 5
648. 91/B31 6.48 12
*649. 92/B32 6.40 6

Obv. Bust r., drapery on l. shoulder.

*650. 34/B33 6.47 6 Obv. of 573.
*651. 93/B34 6.87 12 Rev. of 661.
652. 94/B20 6.73 12 Obv. of 653. Rev. of 635.
*653. 94/B35 6.65 12 Obv. of 652. Rev. of 675.
*654. 95/B36 7.00 6
655. 96/B37 6.85 6

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

*656. 41/B38 6.86 12 Obv. of 580, 657.
*657. 41/B39 6.05 6 Obv. of 580, 656.
*658. 97/B40 6.71 6 Dies of 659.
*659. 97/B40 6.65 6 Dies of 658.
*660. 98/B41 6.56 6
*661. 99/B34 6.51 12 Rev. of 651.

Obv. Bust r., cuirassed, seen from behind.

*662. 44/B42 6.75 6 Obv. of 584, 585. Rev. of 676, 677.
*663. 45/B43 6.74 6 Obv. of 586.
*664. 100/B44 6.85 12
*665. 101/B45 6.82 11
666. 102/B46 6.78 12
667. 103/B47 6.48 12
*668. 104/B48 6.23 6
*669. 105/B49 6.11 12

Obv. Bust laureate r., cuirassed, seen from behind.

670. 46/B50 6.56 12 Obv. of 587.
*671. 50/B51 6.82 12 Obv. of 591, 592.
*672. 106/B52 6.69 6 Rev. of 673.
673. 107/B52 6.83 6 Obv. of 674, 675. Rev. of 672.
*674. 107/B53 6.26 6 Obv. of 673, 675.
*675. 107/B35 6.06 12 Obv. of 673, 674. Rev. of 653.
*676. 108/B42 6.99 6 Dies of 677. Rev. of 662.
*677. 108/B42 6.77 6 Dies of 676. Rev. of 662.
678. 109/B54 6.81 12 Dies of 679.
*679. 109/B54 6.47 6 Dies of 678.
*680. 110/B55 6.75 6
681. 111/B56 6.71 12
*682. 112/B57 6.64 1
*683. 113/B58 6.61 6
*684. 114/B59 6.41 6
*685. 115/B60 6.35 6

Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

*686. 116/B1 6.57 11 Rev. of 612.
687. 117/B19 6.74 6 Dies of 688. Rev. of 634.
*688. 117/B19 6.65 6 Dies of 687. Rev. of 634.
*689. 118/B61 6.64 6
*690. 119/B62 6.47 5
*691. 120/B63 6.37 12

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind

*692. 121/B7 6.49 1 Rev. of 619, 633.
*693. 122/B64 6.72 5

LUCIUS VERUS, A.D. 161–169

Obv. AYTOKP OYHPOC CEBACTOC

Rev. YΠATOC B

COS III for Marcus, COS II for Lucius, A.D. 161–166

Rev. A. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by Helios, globe in r., scepter in l.

Obv. Head r.

*694. 1/A1 6.77 12 Dies of 695. Obv. of 742.
*695. 1/A1 6.43 12 Dies of 694. Obv. of 742.
696. 2/A2 6.60 6 Obv. of 743. Rev. of 728.
*697. 3/A3 6.46 5 Obv. of 744. Rev. of 729.
698. 4/A4 6.85 12 Rev. of 730.
699. 5/A5 6.84 6 Rev. of 720.
*700. 6/A6 6.52 6 Obv. of 701.
*701. 6/A7 6.76 11 Obv. of 700. Rev. of 702, 703.
*702. 7/A7 6.35 11 Rev. of 701, 703.
*703. 8/A7 6.62 6 Obv. of 704. Rev. of 701, 702.
*704. 8/A8 6.73 6 Obv. of 703.
*705. 9/A9 6.79 12 Dies of 706.
706. 9/A9 6.52 12 Dies of 705.
*707. 10/A10 7.12 12 Dies of 708.
*708. 10/A10 6.88 12 Dies of 707.
*709. 11/A11 8.03 6 Plated?
710. 12/A12 7.07 6
*711. 13/A13 6.81 6
*712. 14/A14 6.64 6
*713. 15/A15 6.60 12
*714. 16/A16 6.59 6
*715. 17/A17 6.58 12
*716. 18/A18 6.50 12
*717. 19/A19 6.50 5
*718. 20/A20 6.27 12

Obv. Head laureate r.

719. 21/A21 6.93 6 Obv. of 764.
*720. 22/A5 6.56 12 Obv. of 721. Rev. of 699.
721. 22/A22 6.65 6 Obv. of 720.
*722. 23/A23 6.42 12 Rev. of 736.
*723. 24/A24 6.71 6
*724. 25/A25 6.71 6

Obv. Bust draped r., seen from behind

725. 26/A26 6.74 12

Obv. Bust cuirassed r., seen from behind.

*726. 27/A27 6.83 12 Obv. of 774.
*727. 28/A28 6.81 12 Obv. of 775.
*728. 29/A2 6.67 1 Rev. of 696.
*729. 30/A3 6.59 12 Rev. of 697.
730. 31/A4 6.68 6 Rev. of 698.
*731. 32/A29 7.08 6 Rev. of 732.
*732. 33/A29 6.47 12 Rev. of 731.
733. 34/A30 6.96 7
734. 35/A31 6.76 6
*735. 36/A32 6.48 12

Obv. Bust draped r., cuirassed, seen from behind.

736. 37/A23 6.93 12 Rev. of 722.
737. 38/A33 6.77 12 Rev. of 738.
*738. 39/A33 6.67 12 Rev. of 737.
*739. 40/A34 6.94 12
*740. 41/A35 6.41 12
*741. 42/A36 6.23 6

Rev. B. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by star.

Obv. Head r.

*742. 1/B1 6.46 6 Obv. of 694, 695.
*743. 2/B2 6.88 6 Obv. of 696. Rev. of 765, 766.
*744. 3/B3 6.34 6 Obv. of 697.
*745. 43/B4 6.81 12 Rev. of 792, 793.
*746. 44/B5 6.65 12 Rev. of 776.
*747 45/B6 6.46 6 Rev. of 769.
*748. 46/B7 6.96 6 Rev. of 749.
*749. 47/B7 6.34 5 Rev. of 748.
*750. 48/B8 6.88 12 Dies of 751.
751. 48/B8 6.38 12 Dies of 750.
*752. 49/B9 6.90 12
*753. 50/B10 6.90 12
*754. 51/B11 6.79 12
*755. 52/B12 6.73 11
*756. 53/B13 6.70 6
*757. 54/B14 6.68 12
*758. 55/B15 6.67 12
*759. 56/B16 6.53 6
*760. 57/B17 6.48 6
*761. 58/B18 6.45 5
*762. 59/B19 6.38 6
*763. 60/B20 6.22 12

Obv. Head laureate r.

*764. 21/B21 6.73 6 Obv. of 719. Rev. of 770.
765. 61/B2 6.77 6 Dies of 766. Obv. of 767, 768. Rev. of 743.
*766. 61/B2 6.41 6 Dies of 765. Obv. of 767, 768. Rev. of 743.
767. 61/B22 6.58 12 Obv. of 765, 766, 768. Rev. of 790.
*768. 61/B23 6.81 5 Obv. of 765–67.
*769. 62/B6 6.80 12 Rev. of 747.

Obv. Bust draped r., seen from behind.

*770. 63/B21 6.58 6 Obv. of 771, 772. Rev. of 764.
771. 63/B24 6.76 12 Dies of 772. Obv. of 770.
772. 63/B24 6.74 12 Dies of 771. Obv. of 770.
773. 64/B25 6.57 6 Rev. of 777.

Obv. Bust cuirassed r., seen from behind.

*774. 27/B26 6.82 12 Obv. of 726.
*775. 28/B27 6.74 12 Obv. of 727.
*776. 65/B5 6.86 12 Rev. of 746.
777. 66/B25 6.52 7 Rev. of 773.
*778. 67/B28 6.90 12 Dies of 779.
*779. 67/B28 6.84 12 Dies of 778.
*780. 68/B29 6.79 6 Dies of 781.
*781. 68/B29 6.45 6 Dies of 780.
782. 69/B30 6.49 12 Dies of 783. Obv. of 784.
*783. 69/B30 6.33 6 Dies of 782. Obv. of 784.
784. 69/B31 6.78 12 Obv. of 782, 783.
*785. 70/B32 7.25 6
786. 71/B33 6.82 12
*787. 72/B34 6.74 6
788. 73/B35 6.72 12
789. 74/B36 6.56 12

Obv. Bust draped r., cuirassed, seen from behind.

*790. 75/B22 6.38 6 Rev. of 767.
791. 76/B37 7.25 6

Obv. Bust laureate r., cuirassed, seen from behind.

*792. 77/B4 6.92 12 Dies of 793. Obv. of 794. Rev. of 745.
*793. 77/B4 6.73 11 Dies of 792. Obv. of 794. Rev. of 745.
*794. 77/B38 6.41 6 Obv. of 792, 793.

COMMODUS, A.D. 180–192

Obverse Legends

  • AY MAP AYP KOM ANTωNEINOC CEB
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNEINOC CE
  • AY M AYP KOMO ANTωNEINOC CE
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNEINOC
  • AYTO M AYP KOMO ANTωNINOC
  • AYTO M AYP KOMOΔOC AN CE
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNINOC CE
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNINOC C
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNINOC
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNINO CE
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNINO
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNIN
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNI
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTω[
  • AYT M AYP KO ANTωNINO
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNI[
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNIN[

Reverse legends

Commodus's reverses display in Greek the consular iteration and the title paler patriae.

A. YΠATOC no date, Γ, Δ ΠAT ΠATPIΔOC
B. YΠATOC Γ ΠAT ΠATPIΔ
C. YΠATOC Γ, Δ ΠAT ΠATPI
D. YΠATOC Γ ΠAT ΠATP
E. YΠATOC Γ ΠAT ΠAT
F. YΠATOC Γ ΠA ΠATPIΔOC
G. YΠATOC Γ ΠAT ΠATT
H. YΠATOC Δ ΠAT ΠA

COS? A.D. 180? See Commentary on Reigns.

Rev. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by star.

Obv. Head laureate r.

795. 1/A1 4.59 12 Legends 9/H. Obv. of 799 (year 3). Rev. of 796. Dies of Weiser 195, 196.
796. 2/A1 4.30 12 Legends 9/H. Obv. of 834 (year 4). Rev. of 795. Dies of Weiser 197 and ANS 1944.100.59910.
*797. 3/A2 4.84 12 Legends 5/H.

Γ, COS III, A.D. 181–182

Rev. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by Helios holding globe in r., scepter in l.

Obv. Head laureate r.

*798. 4/A3 4.22 6 Legends 2/E.

Rev. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by star.

Obv. Head laureate r.

799. 1/A4 4.62 1 Legends 9/C. Obv. of 795.
800. 5/A5 4.22 12 Legends 7/C.
801. 6/A6 4.02 12 Legends 9/C. Obv. of 818. Rev. of 802.
802. 7/A6 4.56 Legends 14/C (...ANT[). Rev. of 801.
803. 8/A7 4.60 Legends 7/C. Obv. of 804, 819.
804. 8/A8 4.26 12 Legends 7/C. Obv. of 803, 819.
805. 9/A9 4.34 5 Legends 8/C. Dies of 806.
806. 9/A9 4.44 12 Dies of 805.
807. 10/A10 4.12 12 Legends 7/C.
808. 11/A11 4.27 12 Legends 7/C. Obv. of 820; 835–37 (year 4).
809. 12/A12 4.49 6 Legends 8/C. Rev. of 817.
810. 13/A13 4.48 12 Legends 7/C. Dies of Weiser 201.
*811. 14/A14 4.05 11 Legends 6/C. Rev. possibly recut from A13. Dies of 812 and Weiser 215.
*812. 14/A14 3.88 11 Dies of 811.
813. 15/A15 4.49 Legends 7/C.
814. 16/A16 4.28 Legends 10/C.
815. 17/A17 4.21 12 Legends 7/A.
816. 18/A18 4.17 12 Legends 7/C.

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder

*817. 19/A12 4.02 12 Legends 7/C. Obv. of 831, 832. Rev. of 809.

Rev. Nike advancing l., wreath in r., palm in l.

Obv. Head laureate r.

818. 6/NL1 4.57 6 Legends 9/A. Obv. of 801. Rev. of 819, 820.
819. 8/NL1 4.33 Legends 7/A. Obv. of 803, 804. Rev. of 818, 820.
820. 11/NL1 4.28 6 Legends 7/A. Obv. of 808; 835–37 (year 4). Rev. of 818, 819.
821. 20/NL2 4.33 12 Legends 8/C. Dies of 822. Obv. of 823. Obv. of Weiser 210 (rev. Mt. Argaeus with star), 211 (rev. Mt. Argaeus with Helios).
822. 20/NL2 3.80 6 Dies of 821. Obv. of 823.
823. 20/NL3 4.12 6 Legends 8/B. Obv. of 821, 822.
824. 21/NL4 3.71 6 Legends 7/C. Rev. of 825.
825. 22/NL4 4.29 6 Legends 7/C. Rev. of 824.
*826. 23/NL5 4.48 11 Legends 6/C.
*827. 24/NL6 4.32 1 Legends 10/C.
828. 25/NL7 4.26 1 Legends 7/A.
*829. 26/NL8 4.46 11 Legends 7/C. Dies of 830. Obv. of 838, 919 (year 4).
830. 26/NL8 4.40 12 Dies of 829. Obv. of 838, 919 (year 4).

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder

831. 19/NL9 4.82 12 Legends 3/C. Dies of 832. Obv. of 817.
832. 19/NL9 4.02 12 Dies of 831. Obv. of 817.

Rev. Nike advancing r., wreath in r., palm in l.

833. 27/NR1 4.63 12 Legends 1/D. Obv. of Weiser 205 (rev. Mt. Argaeus with Helios).

Δ, COS IIII, A.D. 183–185

Rev. Mount Argaeus surmounted by star.

Obv. Head laureate r.

834. 2/A51 4.15 12 Legends 9/C. Obv. of 796 (no date).
835. 11/A52 4.79 12 Legends 7/C. Obv. of 808, 820 (year 3); 836, 837.
836. 11/A52 4.30 12 Dies of 835. Obv. of 808, 820 (year 3); 835, 837.
837. 11/A53 4.57 10 Legends 7/G. Obv. of 808, 820 (year 3); 835, 836.
*838. 26/A54 4.21 12 Legends 7/C. Obv. die of 829, 830 (year 3); 919.
839. 28/A55 4.48 10 Legends 8/A. Obv. of 840, 920.
840. 28/A56 4.25 12 Legends 8/C. Obv. of 839, 920.
841. 29/A57 4.26 11 Legends 11/C. Obv. of 842.
842. 29/A58 4.50 12 Legends 11/C. Obv. of 841. Rev. of 843.
843. 30/A58 4.32 12 Legends 9/C. Obv. of 844, 918. Rev. of 842.
844. 30/A59 4.27 12 Legends 9/C. Obv. of 843, 918.
845. 31/A60 4.38 Legends 7/C. Obv. of 921. Obv. of Weiser 230.
846. 32/A61 4.71 12 Legends 13/C. Obv. of 847, 848, 922–24.
847. 32/A62 4.50 12 Legends 13/C. Obv. of 846, 848, 922–24.
848. 32/A63 4.16 Legends 13/C. Obv. of 846, 847, 922–24. Rev. of 849.
849. 33/A63 4.85 12 Legends 13/C. Obv. of 850. Rev. of 848.
850. 33/A64 4.61 1 Legends 13/C. Obv. of 849.
851. 34/A65 4.78 12 Legends 7/C. Obv. of 925.
852. 35/A66 4.42 11 Legends 9/C. Obv. of 853, 854.
853. 35/A67 4.42 12 Legends 9/C. Obv. of 852, 854.
*854. 35/A68 4.24 12 Legends 9/C. Obv. of 852, 853.
855. 36/A69 4.33 1 Legends 14/C.
856. 37/A70 4.67 11 Legends 15/C. Obv. of 857–60.
857. 37/A71 4.49 Legends 15/C. Obv. of 856, 858–60.
858. 37/A72 4.48 12 Legends 15/C. Dies of 859. Obv. of 856, 857, 860. Dies of Weiser 237, 238.
859. 37/A72 4.14 12 Dies of 858. Obv. of 856, 857, 860.
*860. 37/A73 4.33 12 Legends 15/C. Obv. of 856–59. Rev. of 861. Dies of Weiser 239.
861. 38/A73 4.51 12 Legends 13/C. Rev. of 860.
862. 39/A74 4.37 11 Legends 11/C.
863. 40/A75 4.62 12 Legends 8/C.
864. 41/A76 4.66 12 Legends 8/C. Obv. of 865.
865. 41/A77 4.31 12 Legends 8/C. Obv. of 864.
866. 42/A78 4.07 11 Legends 8/C.
867. 43/A79 4.39 11 Legends 13/C.
868. 44/A80 4.48 11 Legends 8/C.
869. 45/A81 4.68 12 Legends 13/C. Dies of 870–72.
870. 45/A81 4.57 Dies of 869, 871, 872.
871. 45/A81 4.54 Dies of 869, 870, 872.
872. 45/A81 4.38 Dies of 869–71.
873. 46/A82 4.45 12 Legends 13/C. Dies of 874. Obv. of 875. Obv. of Weiser 252, 253.
874. 46/A82 4.30 Dies of 873. Obv. of 875. Obv. of Weiser 252, 253.
875. 46/A83 4.27 12 Legends 13/C. Obv. of 873, 874. Obv. of Weiser 252, 253.
876. 47/A84 4.37 12 Legends 13/C.
877. 48/A85 4.50 11 Legends 13/C. Obv. of 878–80.
878. 48/A86 4.66 12 Legends 13/C. Obv. of 877, 879, 880.
879. 48/A87 4.66 12 Legends 13/C. Obv. of 877, 878, 880.
880. 48/A88 4.30 11 Legends 13/C. Obv. of 877–79.
881. 49/A89 4.39 Legends 13/C.
882. 50/A90 4.34 Legends 13/C.
883. 51/A91 4.64 12 Legends 13/C. Rev. of 884.
884. 52/A91 4.33 12 Legends 16/C. Rev. of 883.
885. 53/A92 4.26 Legends 13/C.
886. 54/A93 4.58 12 Legends 13/C.
887. 55/A94 4.45 12 Legends 13/C.
888. 56/A95 4.51 12 Legends 13/C.
889. 57/A96 4.66 12 Legends 13/C.
890. 58/A97 4.34 5 Legends 13/C.
891. 59/A98 4.18 11 Legends 13/C.
892. 60/A99 4.47 2 Legends 13/C.
893. 61/A100 4.35 12 Legends 13/C.
894. 62/A101 4.50 Legends 13/C.
895. 63/A102 4.28 12 Legends 13/C.
896. 64/A103 4.19 12 Legends 13/C.
897. 65/A104 4.45 12 Legends 5/C. Obv. of 898.
*898. 65/A105 4.36 11 Legends 5/C. Obv. of 897.
899. 66/A106 4.36 12 Legends 12/C. Dies of 900. Dies of Weiser 240, 241.
900. 66/A106 4.25 12 Dies of 899. Dies of Weiser 240, 241.
*901. 67/A107 4.71 12 Legends 12/C. Dies of 902, 903.
902. 67/A107 4.47 12 Dies of 901, 903.
903. 67/A107 4.29 6 Dies of 901, 902.
904. 68/A108 4.22 Legends 13/C. Rev. of 905.
905. 69/A108 4.74 11 Legends 7/C. Obv. of 906. Rev. of 904.
906. 69/A109 4.31 Legends 7/C. Obv. of 905. Rev. of 907.
907. 70/A109 4.25 11 Legends 7/C. Obv. of 908, 909. Rev. of 906.
908. 70/A110 4.34 11 Legends 7/C. Dies of 909. Obv. of 907. Dies of Weiser 231.
909. 70/A110 4.32 12 Dies of 908. Obv. of 907. Dies of Weiser 231.
910. 71/A111 4.61 1 Legends 9/C. Dies of 911. Obv. die of Weiser 242.
911. 71/A111 4.39 1 Dies of 910. Obv. of Weiser 242.
912. 72/A112 4.39 Legends 9/C.
*913. 73/A113 4.18 12 Legends 13/C.
*914. 74/A114 4.53 12 Legends 17/C.
*915. 75/A115 4.07 12 Legends 9/C.
*916. 76/A116 4.42 11 Legends 8/C.
917. 77/A117 4.24 11 Legends 11/C. Obv. of Weiser 236.

Rev. Nike advancing l., wreath in r., palm in l.

*918. 30/NL10 4.41 12 Legends 9/C. Obv. of 843, 844.

Rev. Nike advancing r. on globe, wreath in r., palm in l.

919. 26/NG1 4.42 1 Legends 9/C. Obv. of 829, 830 (year 3); 838.
920. 28/NG2 4.48 12 Legends 8/D. Obv. of 839, 840.
921. 31/NG3 4.47 6 Legends 7/D. Obv. of 845.
922. 32/NG4 4.50 12 Legends 13/C. Dies of 923, 924. Obv. of 846–48.
923. 32/NG4 4.50 12 Dies of 922, 924. Obv. of 846–48.
924. 32/NG4 4.41 1 Dies of 922, 923. Obv. of 846–48.
925. 34/NG5 4.47 1 Legends 7/C. Obv. of 851.
926. 78/NG6 4.31 12 Legends 8/C.
927. 79/NG7 4.40 12 Legends 8/C.
928. 80/NG8 4.21 1 Legends 7/C.
929. 81/NG9 4.30 12 Legends 9/C. Obv. of 930. Dies of Weiser 235.
930. 81/NG10 4.20 1 Legends 9/C. Obv. of 929.
931. 82/NG11 4.39 12 Legends 9/F.

DENARIUS OF Domitian, A.D. 81–96

Obv. IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P V. Head laureate r.

Rev. IMP VIIII COS XI CENS POT P P. Minerva standing l., thunderbolt in r., spear in l., shield behind ("Minerva type 3").

932. 3.24 6 Not listed in standard references; see I. Carradice, Coinage and Finances in the Reign of Domitian A.D. 81–96, BAR International Series 178 (Oxford, 1983), p. 28.

COMMENTARY ON REIGNS

Vespasian, A.D. 69–79

The Vespasianic coinage is represented in the hoard by 52 coins struck from at least 39 obverse dies and 47 reverse dies. The lot recorded by Weiser adds only two specimens to this total, both apparently from other dies.1

The hoard suggests that the didrachm type with head of Titus r. (1–26, conspectus 4) was struck in greatest quantity, followed by Nike flying r. (27–40, 1). Only two specimens of the type with Nike on elongated base (41–42, 2) occur, which may indicate that it is no more than a variant. The Titus and Nike types are die linked (obv. 2. linking 1 and 27, obv. 17 linking 25, 28, and 29), and the style of coins of the variant Nike reverse is so similar that common origin is not in question.

This undated series is joined by a pair of didrachms dated year 9, 77/8, which portray Titus standing in military dress and Domitian standing togate (43–46, 5, and 47–52, 6). The number of coins of each dated type in the hoard is so small that no die links between them should be expected, and none are known; unfortunately, they cannot yet be linked to the undated series. But stylistic parallelism gives us good reason to suspect that the undated coinage belongs in 77/8, and that this was the only year of issue of didrachms under Vespasian. The Mt. Argaeus type, 3, is absent from the hoard.

In addition to the didrachms — which seem to have constituted the major coinage of the mint under Vespasian — two other denominations were struck, drachms and hemidrachms. The earliest coinage consisted of drachms of years 6 (74/5) and 7 (75/6), 7 and 8. An undated drachm of Vespasian, 9, echoes the didrachm with Nike, and is paralleled by an issue in the name of Titus, 10. A type peculiar to Domitian, 11, completes the undated series. These are accompanied by drachms duplicating each of the dated didrachms, 12 and 13. Issues in the name of the Caesars are also known for the ninth year, 14 and 15. The small group of hemidrachms, consisting of Mt. Argaeus and two Nike types (one of them similar to the didrachm 2 and the drachm 9) is entirely undated, but the parallel of the Nike coins may suggest contemporaneity with the didrachm which we have placed in 77/8.

In contrast to other Flavian provincial mints, Caesarea began to coin relatively late in Vespasian's reign. The evidence of the Caesarea hoard shows that the issue of didrachms was far larger than in previous reigns and this foreshadows the emergence of that denomination as the principal one struck for the province. "For" rather than "in" the province, however, since careful examination shows that there is not simply one amorphous whole but two distinct groupings which have in common only their types.

The two groups are distinguished by a combination of stylistic and technical features that, taken together with the absence of die links between them, are conclusive for discrete mintage. The Roman style resembles in broad outline the contemporary denarial issues of the capital: the features of Vespasian are realistic, the bust is broad and the top of the head flattened; the neck and truncation are large and heavy. The provincial style is comparable to that of the eastern denarii and cistophori as well as contemporary bronzes from Caesarea: the top of the head is more rounded and the facial features more carefully articulated. The Roman issues are generally on broader flans and are more neatly struck, but the easiest means of distinguishing the two groups is the objective criterion of die axis. The Roman issues are uniformly oriented at 6:00, like coins of the capital, while those of provincial style are at 12:00.2 These differences, most dramatically evident in the didrachm coinage (except, curiously, for Mt. Argaeus, 3, which is known only in Roman style), can also be traced in the smaller denominations.

The simultaneous production of two groups, similar in their selection of types but different in virtually every other way, is conclusive for separate origin of the dies, and the absence of linkage indicates that the dies were not used at the same place. The style of the one series points directly to Rome, that of the other to Caesarea. The production of Cappadocian coinage elsewhere than at Caesarea itself, heretofore unsuspected, is first encountered under Vespasian; it becomes a recurrent concern in the late first and second centuries and will be discussed in detail as the evidence demands.3

No doubt as a result of their age at the time of deposit, the Vespasianic didrachms fall short of the mean weight calculated by Walker for comparable material in museum collections. Nonetheless the coins present a self-consistent picture and suggest that the nominal Cappadocian drachm was equal by weight to the denarius.

Analysis of 52 Coins of Vespasian

N = 52; mean wt. = 6.404 g; S.D. = 0.281

image

Weights as a Percentage of All Coins

End Notes
3
For Domitian, see below, pp. 51–52; for Trajan, pp. 56, 58–60; for Marcus and Verus, p. 71; for a possible explanation, pp. 83–90.

End Notes

1
Following the formula of Giles F. Carter, used here and throughout, 123 ± 27 obverses were used on Vespasian's didrachms and 356 ± 132 reverses. These projections are only slightly affected by the addition of coins from Weiser's lot.
2
These distinctions were first brought to my attention by Dr. I. A. Carradice of the British Museum, who has also now alluded to them in print: see I. Carradice and M. Cowell, "The Minting of Roman Imperial Bronze Coins for Circulation in the East: Vespasian to Trajan," NC 147 (1987), pp. 26–50, at p. 43.

Titus, A.D. 79–81

The coinage of Titus's reign is limited to a single hemidrachm type (conspectus 19, none represented in the hoard) virtually indistinguishable from that of his father, 17. In general the provincial silver of Titus shows no signs of innovativeness,4 and it might occasion some surprise that he coined at all at Caesarea, since his reign falls in the long hiatus between the substantial year 9 issues of Vespasian, A.D. 77/8, and those of Domitian's year 13, 92/3. The absence of his coins from this Caesarea hoard as well as from Baldwin's hoard and Weiser's Cappadocian find, both of which might have been expected to include them, suggests a very small issue.

Domitian, A.D. 81–96

The coinage of Domitian is the most compact of all the Caesarean issues, and, not surprisingly, it displays a complete uniformity of style.

In contrast to the coinage of Vespasian, virtutally the whole Domitianic coinage can be shown, on the basis of die links, to be the product of a single mint. The hoard coins display significant links.

Die 10: coin 63, "Apollo," with 66–68, Athena.

Die 11: 64, Athena, with 98, club, and 129, Nike.

Die 12: 69, Athena, with 133, Nike.

Die 13: 70, Athena, with 132, Nike.

Die 14: 71, Athena, with 134, Nike.

Die 15: 62, Mt. Argaeus, with 72 and 73, Athena, and 131, Nike.

Die 16: 74, Athena, with 119, club.

Die 17: 75–77, Athena, with 148, Nike.

Die 19: 79 and 80, Athena, with 101, club.

Die 21: 82 and 83, Athena, with 103 and 104, club.

Die 32: 107, club, with 122, quadriga.

Die 43: 127 and 128, quadriga with 149, Nike.

Of these, the two most important links are those provided by die 15 which associates Mt. Argaeus (and thereby Caesarea) with the Athena and Nike reserves, and dies 32 and 43 which attach the dateless quadriga reverse to club and Nike and thereby to the remainder of the dated series. Of all the didrachm types known for Domitian, the hoard lacks only the reverse with bust of Domitia (27) and the two rare types — Athena and Nike (28 and 29) — which bear the obverse of Domitian and Domitia facing one another.5 The Domitia reverse has now been linked, through the Woodward coins, to the rest of the series, so its date too is confirmed; and it is simply a matter of time before die links are discovered to tie the double-bust coins to the remainder of the series.

As we have seen, the coinage of Vespasian breaks into two groups, Roman and provincial, the former characterized by a 6:00 die axis and the latter by the 12:00 traditional axis at Caesarea. The die axis of the Domitianic coinage is uniformly 6:00, a reversal of the 12:00 which is invariable at Caesarea up to Vespasian and which continues to characterize his coins of provincial style. In addition the Cappadocian coins of Domitian are of extremely fine workmanship. In the adornment of the bust (laurel wreath), the plasticity of the engraving, and the consistent adherence to a single portrait model the coins are strongly reminiscent of Roman denarii; the flans are more neatly struck and the weights are more regular than those heretofore observed at Caesarea. We should strongly suspect a Roman origin for the whole coinage.6

The copper coinage (e.g. SNGCopCyprus 195) is probably not relevant. It continues to be oriented at 12:00 but the style is so unlike that of the Cappadocian silver that this evidence can only support different striking authorities — whether separated in space or not it is impossible to tell.

In 98 coins, there are 50 (or 51) obverse dies and 51 (or 52) reverse dies. Using the lower figures for the dies, the projected original totals are 83 ± 8 obverses and 86 ± 8 reverses. The weights of the coins are somewhat more regular than those observed for Vespasian, and the hoard coins more closely approach the mean weight calculated by Walker.7

Analysis of 98 Coins of Domitian

N = 98; mean wt. = 6.521 g.; S.D. = 0.211

image

Weights as a Percentage of All Coins

End Notes
7
Walker 1, pp. 127–28. He calculates a mean of 6.65 g and corrects it to 6.72 (N = 73). His analysis of 19 coins gives a mean of 67.34 percent silver for the didrachm, hence a theoretical drachm containing 2.26 g of silver.

End Notes

4
The only exception is the cistophorus with CAPIT RESTIT, not recorded in any of the standard references. There are specimens in the British Museum (1948–7–4) and Bern (5979). A. M. Woodward unjustifiably regarded the coin as the result of the survival of an obverse die of Titus into the reign of Domitian, for whom the type is common. See "The Cistophoric Series and Its Place in the Roman Coinage" in R. A. G. Carson and C. H. V. Sutherland, eds., Essays in Roman Coinage Presented to Harold Mattingly (Oxford, 1956), pp. 149–73 at 157, and pl. 8, 3.
5
It is of course arguable that the rarity of such coins led to their extraction from the hoard before a record could be made of its contents. A single example of 29 came to light late in 1989 (ANS 1989.118.1), but there is nothing to suggest its association with the hoard; otherwise none have appeared in the trade literature since 1980.
6
Other Domitianic provincial coinages — e.g. the late cistophori and the drachms of Lycia — also resemble the coins of Rome, and Walker (Metrology 3, p. 120) may have had them in mind when he wrote: "The didrachms struck at Caesarea in Cappadocia by Domitian in 93/94 are so close in their style of portraiture to that being used at Rome that it is impossible to imagine anything other than that the dies are the product of the same workshop. There are, of course, other examples of eastern coinages which are very close in style to the mint of Rome, but this is one of the most convincing."

Nerva, A.D. 96–98

Nerva's silver coinage for Cappadocia consisted entirely of didrachms. Only ten of these are known from the hoard, but they are sufficiently representative to indicate the problems posed by his coinage. The coinage may be summarized as follows:

Obv. AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC, die axis variable

A.D. 96

31, OMON CTPAT, and 32, TYXH CEBACTOY

A.D. 97

YPATOY TPITOY, die axis 12: 33, club; 34, "Amazon"; 35, Mt. Argaeus

Obv. ΓEPM: 36, club

Obv. AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC YΠAT Γ

--KPAT: 37a, EΛEYΘ ΔHMOY; 38a, OMON CTPAT; 39a, TYXH CEBACTOY

-KPA: 37b, EΛEYΘ ΔHMOY; 38b, OMON CTPAT; 39b, TYXH CEBACTOY

YΠATOY TPITOY, 40, Mt. Argaeus

A.D. 98

Obv. AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC YΠAT Δ, die axis variable

41, EΛEYΘ ΔHMOY; 42, OMON CTPAT; 43, TYXH CEBACTOY

Obv. AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC, die axis 12 YΠATOY TETAPTOY: 44, Mt. Argaeus; 45, club

Obv. AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC ΓEPM YΠATOY TETAPTOY: 46, Mt. Argaeus; 47, club

The coins of 96 bear only the types which have long been recognized as deriving from Roman prototypes.8 On the coins of 97 and 98 these two types, with the addition of EΛEYΘ ΔHMOY (libertas publica), are found only in association with obverse legends which include the consular iterations; put another way, they are all accompanied by reverse legends which describe the types, unfamiliar in Cappadocia, and therefore restrict the imperial titulary to the obverse. Conversely the Mt. Argaeus and club types are known only with the less detailed obverse legends and confine their reverse content to the consular iteration. Were it not for the curious 40, which is a hybrid pairing dies both of which include the iteration, it would be easy to see two distinct series here between which die links are not only unknown, but impossible.

To some extent this dichotomy is borne out by the die axes. Coins with consular reverse and local types consistently display a 12:00 die axis, while those with type-defining legends show a predominance of 6:00 over 12:00. The die axis of local bronze, is, as usual, 12:00, while that current at Rome is invariably 6:00.

But all this is suggestive, no more; the case for participation of the Roman mint in the coinage of Nerva is not nearly as strong as that for Vespasian and Domitian. There seems to be no consistent variation in style which would further support distinct origin of the two groups: while some obverses are definably cruder than others, most, whether they bear the consular iteration or not, are self-consistent to the point that one sometimes wonders whether recutting of legends is a possibility. Throughout the coinage the bust of Nerva is tall and angular, his forehead forming an almost continuous line with the nose; the ties protrude stiffly rather than fall from the back of the wreath. Not even the best dies approach the vigorous portraiture that can be observed on products of Rome.

Probably the best interpretation of the available evidence is that the legends vary only to accommodate the need to identify the reverse types of the Roman group; the apparent variation of die axis, which is in any case not absolute, can then be dismissed as coincidence. The relatively large output for Nerva's brief fourth consulship (January 1 to 28, 98) is more readily explicable if the coins were produced in Cappadocia, where word of his death would not have penetrated for some time, rather than at Rome, where no doubt coins in his name ceased to be produced immediately.

The small number of coins of Nerva in the hoard precludes construction of a frequency table, but the 10 pieces show a mean weight of 6.44 g with a standard deviation of .294. This compares with Walker's sample of 18 coins, which showed a mean of 6.46 g and a standard deviation of .38.9

End Notes

8
See, for example, Sydenham, pp. 17–19, on types in general, and pp. 55–56, notes to his nos. 136–38; Walker, Metrology 2, p. 82, where the "copying" of types is taken as a sign that "Clearly, at this period at least the mint is working under very close central [i.e. Roman] control."

TRAJAN, A.D. 98–117

Trajan's issues constitute the largest provincial coinage of any mint, other than Alexandria, up to his reign even if, as here, we regard the third consulship issues commonly assigned to Caesarea as products of other mints.10 If this is correct, the output of Caesarea during Trajan's reign breaks into two unequal parts, associated respectively with his second and sixth consulships. Both of these may be further bisected on the basis of titulary.

Technical and Metrological Aspects

The coins of Caesarea generally display great regularity of weight. The frequency tables presented here are closely comparable to others which incorporate not only coins from the hoard but from the ANS collection (which is mainly from Baldwin's hoard); both show a clear peak for the didrachms, both collectively and when broken down by issue, between 6.61 and 6.80 g. In the overall frequency table, 149 of 394 coins (37.8 percent) fall in this range. This corresponds to a drachm of 3.31–3.40, a weight virtually identical to that of the theoretical denarius. The coins of this denomination fit neatly within this range. There is no significant difference between the two major chronological groupings, nor between coins of COS VI without or with APICTω.

The die axis is also regular. In the first phase of the COS II issue the die axis varies between 6:00 and 12:00, with only slight declensions; in the second phase the axis is regularized at 6:00. Each phase is represented by a single case of die duplication (165 and 166, 172 and 173). In each case the dies are identically oriented, which may suggest a system of fixing the dies in an absolute relationship to one another.

The larger COS VI issue uniformly displays 6:00, with occasional deviation to 7:00. There are fifty cases of obverse/reverse die identities: in 40 cases a pair of duplicates, in 9 a set of triplicates, and one set of quadruplicates. Exact identity of die orientation is the general rule, but among the pairs are seven exceptions, among the triplicates one, and the set of four includes three oriented at 7:00, one at 6:00. Because of the dispersal of the coins it is no longer possible to check the apparent exceptions; but whether or not the relationship of the dies to one another was fixed absolutely, it is obvious that some system was employed not only to insure their vertical pairing, but to insure that it was focused on a 6:00 die axis.

Gross already drew attention to the conspicuous difference in style between the COS II and the COS VI issues of Trajan.11 Apart from the fact that the later issue incorporates obverse bust treatments introduced only with Trajan's decennalia and deriving from them, the earlier issue is clearly of local style, the later of Roman style. This is a point to which we shall return in another context.

COS II, 98–99

The early coinage of Trajan breaks into two groups which were sorted out correctly, albeit implicitly, by Sydenham. With a single exception — the extemely rare hemidrachm 62 — the first group, like the coinage of Nerva, consists exclusively of didrachms. As frequently occurs at the beginning of a reign when the features of the new emperor are not well known, the portrait of Trajan is assimilated to that of his predecessor; and the obverse legend, AYT KAI NEPOYAC TPAIANOC CEBAC ΓEPM, is slightly fuller than that of the immediately subsequent issue (S. 158, in the British Museum, has been misread by Sydenham). The reverse legend, VΠAT ΔEVT, is accompanied by the familiar Mt. Argaeus (161–64, 50a–b) and club (169 and 170, 52), drawn from the Caesarean prototypes; and a bearded and armed male figure, presumably Mars, standing facing (167 and 168, 51a–b). The figure has no clear antecedent in either Roman or Caesarean coinage, and the immediate reference of the type is unclear.

The second group has the obverse legend AYT KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB ΓEPM and the reverse ΔHM EΞ YΠAT B; mention of the tribunicia potestas and iteration of the consulship is a standard feature of subsequent Caesarean reverses. This group has an associated coinage of drachms. Now there are at least five, and possibly six reverse types: Mt. Argaeus, club, Tyche, and Eleutheria are carried over from the previous group, and die links associate them, as follows: Obv. 7: 171, 55a, Mt. Argaeus; 189, 53, Tyche Obv. 13: 179, 55a, Mt. Argaeus; 182, 54a, Eleutheria Obv. 20: 191, 53, Tyche; 193, 57, club

In view of the identity of format and the antecedent at Caesarea, there is no difficulty in adding clasped hands (56) to these in spite of the absence of a die link. A sixth type, "Hera," though it appears here in the conspectus as 58, is more problematical. Its obverse legend is identical to that of the five other types, but the reverse varies in having ΔHMAPX for ΔHM. The type is without parallel in the coinage of Caesarea or elsewhere. No die links have been found in a cursory serarch of sources outside the hoard. The sole evidence linking it to Caesarea is its occurrence in the Caesarea hoard.

COS VI, 112–116

Trajan Not Yet Optimus, 202–456

With issues dated COS VI the canon of five reverse types is continued, and there are also five major obverse types, all of them known with all reverse varieties. There is extensive linkage of obverses, but only within single reverse types; reverse dies, however, often link obverses of different types. It is possible to imagine a large officina scheme based on reverse types, with the obverses peculiar to their workshop of origin; in fact the evidence for such a scheme here is much better than for any comparably early period at the mint of Rome itself.

In spite of the absence of obverse die links, the contemporaneity of all the non-imageριστω issues is arguable from the parallelism of their obverse bust treatments, which include five variants: bust with draped l. shoulder, bust with draped l. shoulder and aegis, bust with full drapery and seen from behind, the same with globe beneath, and bust draped and cuirassed and seen from behind. In the catalogue these types are arranged in approximate order of increasing complexity.

There is one curious technical point which emerges immediately from the plates. The die axes show that the club is to be viewed with handle at the bottom, an inversion of the orientation of the type that is usual under earlier rulers and documented, if not dominant, in the first issue of Trajan.12 This has the corollary that the reverse legend (if read in Roman fashion, with the iteration of the tribunician power preceding that of the consulship) begins at 1:00 instead of the usual 7:00. Taken by itself the change can hardly be meaningful; it merely reflects the hiatus between the early and late Caesarean coins of Trajan, which might have led to misunderstanding of the type.

Surely the most remarkable feature of this issue is its inclusion, unknown before this hoard, of 444–46, 68, which share a Latin legend obverse die. Since the publication of these coins others have come to light, and a drachm is now known as well, 79. Although here it was used to strike a coin of somewhat larger module, there can be no doubt that this die was manufactured alongside others intended for aurei and denarii. Its bust treatment and its legend are exactly those in use at Rome, and in its style and epigraphy it duplicates, virtually line-for-line, obverses used there for denarii and aurei. The implications of this unprecedented link will be explored below.

Trajan Optimus, Not Yet Parthicus, 457–509

The last issue of Trajan reflects his assumption of the title of imageριστoς (optimus) in August 114.13 The number of reverse types remains at five, but the clasped hands previously known with OMON CTPAT replaces the Tyche which had appeared on the two earlier series of Trajan. The substitution may reflect the military tenor of Trajan's eastern operations during the later years of his reign but, like the coinage of Arabia, that of Caesarea omits the epithet Parthicus awarded February 20, 116, and it is fair to conclude that the coinage came to an end before that date.

The single die shared with the pre-optimus coinage, A21 (231 with 463 and 464) suggests the continuity of the issue with that lacking the epithet.14 Like the previous issues, individual reverse types are closely die linked internally, but there is no sharing of obverse dies among types.

The simplest explanation of this phenomenon would be the existence of a kind of officina system based on obverse types, but as Table 3 shows the hoard totals of coins of the individual obverse types do not support such an arrangement. On the other hand if the tables are read across — i.e. by reverse type — the totals are in reasonable conformity. If this is a correct reading of the system in operation, it is interesting to observe that the lone Latin obverse die takes its natural place in the Mt. Argaeus series. In the idea of subdividing the work of the mint for Cappadocia these Trajanic issues anticipate in concept, though not in execution, the coinage of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus which, it is argued below, is likely to have been produced at Rome. If indeed an officina system was employed, the pattern was one often posited for Rome itself in the first and early second centuries.15

The arguments for Roman origin of the last issues of Trajan have to be counted rather than weighed. The subdivision of labor, taken on its own, would be no more than suggestive. The Latin legend obverse die, which takes its place in the Cappadocian system of labor as well as its canon of types, must have been produced at Rome (we have no evidence for the production of denarii or aurei in Cappadocia), and very likely it was used there (why ship a single die to the province?). In support of Roman origin for the Trajanic series — in addition, of course, to the Latin obverse die itself — is the peculiar form of rendering Mt. Argaeus, already remarked by Sydenham, which might suggest die makers who were not familiar with the model.16 For the moment the case remains highly probable; when a die link to a denarius or aureus of indisputably Roman origin appears it will be conclusive.

End Notes
9
Walker, Metrology 2, pp. 71–72.
10
S. 176–81 and variants; the attributions are discussed in Appendix 2.
11
W. H. Gross, Bildnisse Traians, Das römische Herrscherbild II.2 (Berlin, 1940), p. 25.
12
In the first issue it is impossible to be sure which way the club is to be viewed; but there I have been guided by the usual orientation of the legend around the flan from 7:00.
13
For the date see T. Frankfort, "Trajan Optimus: recherche de chronologie,"Latomus 20 (1957), pp. 333–34. He places the assumption of the title between August 10 and September 1, 114. For what it is worth, the epithet does not seem to appear on the coins of Trajan's year 17 at Alexandria (August 29, 113-August 28, 114).
14
This seems to be one of the points made by A. Kunisz, "Srebrne mennictwo Cezarei kapadockiej za panowania Trajana (98–117)," Zeszyty naukowe uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego 613, abstract in Prace historyczne z. 70 (1981), pp. 39–60, which has been accessible to me only through the English abstract.
15
For the reign of Domitian, at any rate, the reverse type seems the key to recognition of an officina, see I. Carradice, Coinage and Finances in the Reign of Domitian A.D. 81–96, BAR International Series 178 (Oxford, 1983), pp. 145–47. It is not possible, however, to trace this organization backward to Titus or forward to Nerva.

Analysis of 348 Coins of Trajan

1. 41 Coins of COS II

N = 41; mean wt. = 6.611 g.; S.D. = 0.196

image

Weights as a Percentage of All Coins

2. 307 COS VI Coins

N = 307; mean wt. = 6.693 g.; S.D. = 0.213

image

Weights as a Percentage of All Coins

3a. Reverse and Obverse Types of Late Didrachms, 112–114

Bust Laureate: dr. l. should. dr. l. should., aegis dr. seen from behind dr. cuir. seen from behind dr. seen from behind, globe below
Rev. Type
Club 43 63a 10 63b 4 63c 9 63d 5 63e 15
Artemis (?) 57 64a 14 64b 5 64c 20 64d 1 64e 17
Apollo 50 65a 4 65b 7 65c 32 65d 4 65e 3
Tyche 64 66a 12 66b 9 66c 18 66d 1 66e 24
Mt. Argaeus 41 67a 3 67b 11 67c 14 68 (Lat. obv.) 3 67d 10

3b. COS VI, Optimus , 114-

Bust Laureate: dr. l. should. dr. l. should, aegis dr. seen from behind cuir. dr. cuir.
Rev. Type
Club 8 73a 3 73b 3 73c 2
Artemis 12 74a 2 74b 1 74d 3 74c 2 74e 4
Apollo 11 75a 1 75c 1 75b 3 75d 6
Mt. Argaeus 11 76a 8 76b 3 76ca 0
Clasped hands 7 77a 0 77b 6 77c 1
End Notes
a
Head laur. r.
16
Sydenham, p. 19. See also P. Weiss, "Argaios/Erciyas Dagi — Heiliger Berg Kappadokiens Monumente und Ikonographie," JNG 35 (1985), pp. 21–48, where representations in various media are catalogued. Most of these are principally conical in shape, and virtually all of the mountain alone show it surmounted by a figure of Helios or by a star.

HADRIAN, 117–138

The didrachm seems to continue as the principal denomination during Hadrian's reign, even though it is sparsely represented in this hoard. A crude means of illustrating the decline from the reign of Trajan is to note that the eighteen specimens come to an average of less than one per year, compared to nearly eighteen per year for Trajan, but the infrequency of die links suggests that the sample is not nearly so complete. Unfortunately there is little against which to compare this assemblage, since Baldwin's hoard was closed too early to be of use.

The reign of Hadrian is notoriously devoid of chronological markers apart from the assumption of the title pater patriae in 128, and that provides the only clue to the separation of the two didrachm groups here. At a guess, however, the early coins lacking the title belong to the earliest part of the reign. The new emperor here, as elsewhere, recalled his adoptive father through the lengthier legend AYT KAIC TPAIAN AΔPIANOC CEB. The later coinage, reflecting Hadrian's new titulary, shortens the obverse legend to AΔPIANOC CEBACTOC, a simple translation of the HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS [P P] legend in use at Rome from 128 to ca. 132 on most chronologies.

The didrachms of Hadrian, at least as represented in the Caesarea hoard, are of little typological interest. There are three varieties of Mt. Argaeus. That struck before 128 (510 and 511, 89) is accompanied by a drachm (90) and shows the familiar figure of Helios atop the mountain. The type was also produced after 128 (512–16, 91–92) alongside varieties with star and crescent (93), star (517 and 518, 94), three stars (519–25, 95), and a curious type with wreath (96). No obverse die links are known among the types, though there is no reason why such links should not eventually appear. The late didrachms also include two club reverses, with shorter (97) and longer (98–100) legends accompanied by star or star and crescent. The final type shows a youthful figure with club.

Drachms were struck in quantity for the first time since the reign of Vespasian and are represented in significant numbers in the finds. After Hadrian the drachm was abandoned until the Severan age. The single type, both before and after 128, is Mt. Argaeus.

A more characteristically Hadrianic denomination is the hemidrachm, which is abundantly represented both in the finds and in the trade. Its three types — Mt. Argaeus (83), club (84), and Nike (85 and 86) — all have precedent at the mint, and the issue forms a compact group struck in Hadrian's years 3 and 4 (120/1, 121/2). Two undated Nike types (87 and 88) no doubt belong to the same period. The post-Hadrianic abandonment of the hemidrachm was permanent.

As usual the mint has attracted various further attributions of questionable soundness. Löbbecke and others attributed to the mint a tridrachm (109) which bears typical Caesarean legends and portrays Tyche in a temple. It is clear from their placement in Sydenham's catalogue that he regarded this as the largest denomination of a series which included a didrachm of the same type (110) as well as a didrachm/drachm set with Tyche seated on the reverse (111 and 112). The coins are entirely absent from the finds. The Tyche reverse has precedent at Casearea, but its occurrence here hardly compels the attribution in view of the fact that, apart from this grouping, the tridrachm is otherwise lacking in the Hadrainic coinage. (In fact, on the modern interpretation this would be the first occurrence of the denomination at the mint.) Similarly the drachm with eagle facing head l. (113), assigned to Caesarea in BMCGalatia, is lacking from the finds and has not even a typological precedent in favor of its ascription to Caesarea. These coins — all of which are very rare — are included in the Conspectus with great reluctance and pending further hoard evidence, but it must also be admitted that there is no attractive alternative to Caesarea.

In addition to these coins there is a group of problem pieces (103–5) that are sufficiently anomalous to allow their official origin to be ques- tioned. The legends of these coins present the imperial name as CEBACTOC AΔRIANOC rather than the normal AΔRIANOC CEBACTOC, and the busts face left rather than right; it is as if the whole format of the obverse is simply reversed. These coins, which were known to Sydenham and which are not uncommon in collections, have surfaced only recently, in the Eki find.17

The weight standard is maintained and, if the limited sample is anything to go by, slightly improved over the reign of Trajan. The frequency peak remains in the range 6.61–6.80, and the mean of 6.62 is comparable to that of Trajan, but the standard deviation of .114 indicates a more rigid adherence to standard. Die axes continue at 6:00.

Analysis of 18 coins of Hadrian

N = 18; mean wt. = 6.618 g.; S.D. = 0.114

image

Weights as a Percentage of All Coins

End Notes

17
See 103–5.

ANTONINUS PIUS, A.D. 138–161

The coinage of Antoninus begins with an undated didrachm with Eusebeia reverse (116), accompanied by a drachm with Pronoia reverse (117). It is tempting to see in the first a simultaneous allusion to the city's first imperial name and to the pietas of the new ruler, while the second is doubtless a reference to Hadrian's provision for the succession, first frustrated by the death of Aelius Caesar but finally justified in Antoninus's own accession. The celebratory character of these two coins is confirmed by their originality of type and by the immediate reversion, in 139, to the standard Mt. Argaeus motif (118–28), which is the sole one employed during the second and third consulships.

The small numbers and the presence of die linkage in the hoard might seem to suggest a small coinage for Antonius, but this may be accidental. Few die links have been observed in a larger sample of material gathered from modern collections, and the Eki hoard, with 55 specimens and no evidence of intimate die linkage, could be used to argue the opposite case. Moreover there survive considerable numbers of copper "didrachms," which can hardly be regarded as official; the coinage was therefore abundant enough to inspire imitations in antiquity.18 Until a complete die study is undertaken, incorporating the Eki material, it will be impossible to form an accurate estimate of the volume of Antonine issues.

There are not enough specimens to permit construction of a meaningful frequency table. The five coins in the hoard show a mean weight of 6.54 g with a relatively high standard deviation of .392.

Marcus Aurelius AND LUCIUS VERUS, A.D. 161–169

Die links between coins of Aurelius and Verus are impossible because the reverses follow the chronology of the individual emperors, but it is certain that the two coinages were struck alongside one another. This is assured by the use of identical reverse types, which include Mt. Argaeus surmounted either by a star or by Helios standing, and by a very similar distribution of obverse types which link the two major reverse types together for each emperor. Indeed in the case of Verus the reverse linkage is so extensive that it is difficult to discern whether the obverse or the reverse dies should be regarded as the control. For convenience in the catalogue the reverse types, because they represent fewer varieties, are the principal basis of classification.

Although there is considerable variation in detail, the reverse treatments are so consistent throughout that all of the dies might have been the work of a single hand. This impression is confirmed by the letter forms and, except for the dates, the reverses of Marcus are indistinguishable from those of Verus. Here it is assumed that the identity of hand establishes identity of date, and that the terminus ante quem provided by Lucius's third consulship in 167 applies for both rulers.

What variation there is appears on the obverses, with eight bust treatments for Marcus (i–viii), all appearing with both reverse types, and six for Verus (i–vi), all but one found with both reverse types. The variation in bust adornment can hardly be called random, though there seems to have been no attempt to represent all bust styles by equal numbers of dies. In the use of so many varieties simultaneously the usage of Caesarea closely resembles that of Rome. Mattingly identified ten obverse bust styles at the opening of the reign of Marcus.19

Rome Cappadocia Cappadocia
Marcus Verus
a) Head r. i i
b) Bust r., dr. l. sh. iii
c) Bust r., dr. iii
d) Bust r., cuir. v iv
e) Bust r., dr. cuir. vii v
f) Head laur. r. ii ii
g) Bust laur. r., dr. l. sh. iv
h) Bust laur. r., dr.
i) Bust laur. r., cuir. vi vi
j) Bust laur. r., dr. cuir. viii

Only Mattingly's c, with bust draped, head bare r., and h, bust laureate draped r., are lacking for Marcus at Caesarea. In addition two busts used for Marcus at Rome, b, bare r. with draped l. shoulder and g, laureate r. with draped l. shoulder (here iii and iv for Marcus) are not used for Verus at either mint.20 The coincidence is striking, if coincidence it be, for the broad stylistic similarity between the silver of Caesarea and the gold and silver of Rome has already led Walker to suggest that Rome produced the dies for both coinages.21

A further technical point may or may not be coincidental. Counting only gold and silver coins of the reign for which die axes are recorded in BMC and Hunter, plus those in the collection of the ANS, the breakdown by axis is similar for Marcus, somewhat different for Verus.

Rome 6:00 12:00
Marcus 190, 57.4% 141
Verus 162, 68.9 73
Total 352, 61.8 218
Caesarea
Marcus 88, 54.7% 73
Verus 48, 47.5 53
Total 136, 51.9 126

In general terms both series show a preference for the 6:00 die axis, and for Marcus the figures show the measure of preference to be quite comparable. I have no way to explain the difference in the figures for Verus, except to observe that the sample is seriously skewed by the fact that the British Museum and the Hunter Cabinet possess 21 coins of Verus of 161, all reportedly with 6:00 die axes.

The die linkage for both Marcus and Verus is very complex. Of 161 coins of Marcus in the hoard, 68 (42.2 percent) are involved in linkages which cross either obverse or reverse types.

Marcus

Obv. Die (Style) Rev. Die Cat.
1 (i) A1 533
1 B1 613
116 (vii) B1 686
2 (i) A2 534
2 B2 613
3 (i) A3 535
3 B3 614
4 (i) A4 536
4 B4 615
5 (i) A5 537, 538
20 (ii) A5 555
20 A21 556
48 (vi) A21 589
6 (i) A6 539
7 (i) A6 540
21 (ii) A6 558
22 (ii) A6 559
8 (i) A7 541
60 (vii) A7 604
9 (i) A8 542
9 A9 543
51 (vi) A9 594
51 A49 593
19 (ii) A20 554
19 B16 629
33 (ii) A34 572
41 (iv) A34 580
41 B38 656
41 B39 657
34 (iii) A35 573
42 (iv) A35 581
42 A42 582
34 B33 650
44 (v) A44 584
44 A45 585
49 (vi) A45 590
44 B42 662
108 (vi) B42 676, 677
45 (v) A46 586
45 B43 663
46 (vi) A47 587
47 (vi) A47 588
61 (vii) A47 605, 606
46 B50 670
50 (vi) A48 591, 592
50 B51 671
66 (i) B5 616, 617
76 (ii) B5 630
67 (i) B7 619
78 (ii) B7 633
121 (viii) B7 692
79 (ii) B19 634
117 (vii) B19 687, 688
80 (ii) B20 635
94 (iii) B20 652
94 B35 653
107 (vi) B35 675
107 B53 674
107 B52 673
106 B52 672
II
93 (iii) B34 651
99 (iv) B34 661

There is almost as high an incidence of linkage for the coinage of Verus (40 of 101 coins = 39.6 percent).

Verus

Obv. Die (Style) Rev. Die Cat.
1 (i) A1 694, 695
1 B1 742
2 (i) A2 696
29 (iv) A2 728
2 B2 743
61 (ii) B2 765, 766
61 B22 767
61 B23 768
75 (v) B22 790
3 (i) A3 697
3 B3 744
30 (iv) A3 729
4 (i) A4 698
31 (iv) A4 730
5 (i) A5 699
22 (ii) A5 720
22 A22 721
21 (ii) A21 719
21 B21 764
63 (iii) B21 770
63 B24 771, 772
23 (ii) A23 722
37 (v) A23 736
27 (iv) A27 726
27 B26 774
28 (iv) A28 727
28 B27 775
43 (i) B4 745
77 (vi) B4 792, 793
77 B38 794
44 (i) B5 746
65 (iv) B5 776
45 (i) B6 747
62 (ii) B6 769
64 (iii) B25 773
66 (iv) B25 777

The whole pattern indicates a very intensive coinage closely concentrated in time. The sheer size of the issue is impressive — it is by far the largest produced for Cappadocia up to this date — and it is hard to escape some connection with the military campaigns of the period.22 Unfortunately there is nothing to help with the refinement of the chronology.

The business of determining where a coinage was struck if its dies were transportable is not an easy one. In the case of the Alexandrian coins of Severus Alexander, similiarity of composition to contemporary coins of Rome suggests that the provincial issues were struck there, then transported.23 Here, however, there are no analyses usable for this purpose. Both the employment of a similar pattern of obverses and the similarity of usage with respect to die axis seem to me, however, to suggest actual striking of the silver of Aurelius and Verus at Rome itself, then its transportation to Cappadocia.

Analysis of 262 Coins of M. Aurelius and L. Verus

N = 262; mean wt. = 6.669 g; S.D. = 0.255

image

Weights as a Percentage of All Coins

End Notes

18
Eki, pp. 79–84, 717–71. The illustration is selective and the plates are not clear enough to permit confident reading of the dies. For the imitations see Sydenham, p. 80, 319. The ANS possesses several other examples.
19
Mattingly, BMCRE 4, p. 385.
20
Mattingly documents the "b" bust for Verus but only with aegis: BMCRE, nos. 32, 199, 241.
21
D. R. Walker, Metrology 2, p. 83: "The style is quite remarkably uniform considering the size of the coinage, which consumed some hundreds of obverse dies, and is very close to that of Rome. Almost certainly Roman dies or die-cutters were employed, part of the elaborate preparations undertaken for the campaign."
22
See Walker, Metrology 2, p. 83: "... in the absence of any other major issues in the east, it served as the main source of currency for the Parthian war waged in the name of Lucius Verus."
23
A. M. Burnett and P. Craddock, "Rome and Alexandria: The Minting of Egyptian Tetradrachms under Severus Alexander," ANSMN 28 (1983), pp. 109–18. For other instances, in some cases less convincing and all involving aes coins, see I. Carradice and M. Cowell, pp. 26–50.

Marcus Aurelius AND Commodus, A.D. 169–180

The view that the coinage of Marcus and Verus was produced at Rome and transported to Cappadocia may be reinforced, in a negative way, by the existence of a small series of coins in clearly local style.

Tridrachm Reverses

YΠATOC Γ, three grain stalks on garlanded altar (Marcus, S. 334 = 133)

ΓEPMAN CAPMAT, similar (Commodus, S. 362 = 138)

YΠATOC Γ, Mars (Marcus, S. 333a = 134)

YΠATOC Γ, temple with Mars (Marcus, S.- = 135)

ΓEPMAN CAPMAT, similar (Commodus, S.- = 139)

YΠATOC Γ, eagle (Marcus, S.- = 136)

ΓEPMAN CAPMAT, similar (Commodus, S. 363 = 140 and 141)

Didrachm Reverses

YΠATOC Γ, club (Marcus, S. 333 = 137)

CAPMAT ΓEPMAN, club (Commodus, S. 364 = 142 and 143)

ΓEPMAN CAPMAT, Mt. Argaeus (Commodus, S. -, Walker 3198 = 144)

The attribution of this group to Caesarea has been invited by the club type, otherwise lacking for Marcus; the legends, which are identical to those on the Mt. Argaeus coins from the hoard; and by the more recently discovered type with Mt. Argaeus. A distant antecedent for the Mars type has also been seen in Trajan’s didrachms (50a–b). The sharing of most of the types with Commodus and the use of the legend ΓEPMAN CAPMAT securely ties the issue to 175/6, just after Commodus’s elevation to the rank of Caesar and the conferment of these titles on both Marcus and Commodus.

This group shares an obverse style which, for want of a better term, can be characterized as provincial. The busts are neat enough on their own terms but have that slight distortion of features that frequently sets off non-Roman issues. There is no possiblity whatever of confusion with the Mt. Argaeus coins of earlier years. The epigraphy, too, while legible enough, is distinctive — a hallmark is the use of peculiarly large serifs. There are of course no die links to the earlier, finer group.

A final point which distinguishes these coins from the earlier coins of Marcus and Verus is their absence from recorded finds. Although in theory many of the specimens cited in the conspectus might have belonged to the hoard, their condition is so fresh relative to the hoard coins of comparable date that their appearance may well be a coincidence.

In view of the suggestion made above that the Mt. Argaeus issues of Marcus and Verus might be Roman in origin, it is possible to explain the later issue in crude style as a small local striking. In this case it may be considered an anticipation of the roughly styled but certainly local strikings of Commodus. The evidence is very limited, but Walker’s analyses show that the mean weight of silver in the theoretical drachm is intermediate between the fine issues of 163–66 and the reduced didrachms of Commodus.24

Whatever one’s view of the relationship between these two issues, they are at least sufficient to demonstrate the possible co-existence of widely disparate coinage for Cappadocia in a period possibly as short as a decade. What is needed is more hoard evidence, particularly intact hoard evidence that would secure the common currency of both groups.

Commodus, A.D. 180–192

The coinage of Commodus is shown by the new hoard to have been far more extensive than previously supposed. The projections using Carter’s formula suggest that no less than 149 obverse dies and perhaps as many as 387 reverse dies were used to produce it. This would be about twice the projected size of the whole issue of Domitian or the early issue of Trajan, and approximately equal to the whole output of Vespasian.

The weight of the coinage falls far short of the earlier standard of ca. 6.6 g and represents a lightening of about 33 percent from the previous standard. If the Cappadocian drachm is regarded as the equivalent of the Roman denarius, as it is reasonable to suppose it was from the Flavian period through the joint reign of Aurelius and Verus, this weight adjustment may reflect an attempt to maintain parity between the Cappadocian drachm and a denarius of steadily declining purity, without seriously altering the overvaluation of the drachm. A less attractive alternative is to see the new Commodan denomination as a piece of 11/2 drachms.25

The most remarkable feature of the Commodan coinage, taken as a whole, is the precipitous decline from the relatively fine style which had prevailed at the mint from the second issue of Trajan onward. The busts are ill-formed and their features bear only casual resemblance to the emperor himself; his appearance ranges from young and vigorous to fleshy and middle-aged. The legends, which had been characterized by the highest standards of accuracy and even neatness, are both highly variable in orthography and irregularly cut. One can hardly speak of a consistent ductus. The elements of the titulary are always present, but particularly CEBACTOC, 26 as the final word, is subject to truncation; ANTωN(E)INOC may be spelled either way indiscriminately; the nomen is variously KOMO or KOM; the praenomen is once rendered MAP. On the obverses, one is left with the impression that the engravers included such information as the space allowed instead of accommodating a prescribed legend to the available space; we may therefore suppose that the bust was engraved first. The reverses are often simply arbitrary in omitting the end of ΠATPIΔOC, all or part of which would easily fit into an exergue that has been left blank or, once, filled with a star.27

The disconcerting variety in the legends28 hardly inspires confidence in such details as numerals, and this leads to uncertainty regarding the beginning of issues in the name of Commodus. There are three coins in the hoard which lack a consular iteration and all are from different obverse dies which show no sign of having read CEBACTOC. 29 These would normally invite attribution to the reign of Marcus Aurelius. Commodus was consul for the first time in 177 and for the second in 179. But two of the obverses are shared with later issues of Commodus: one (1) is linked to a reverse of his third consulship (181 and 182) and the other (2) to a reverse of his fourth (183–85). It is surely implausible that a tiny issue belongs to his caesarate, with the dies preserved to be reused (incorrectly) several years later, especially since there are no corresponding issues in the name of Marcus. On all other evidence, the reduction in weight of the didrachm is a phenomenon confined to the sole reign of Commodus himself. It is only slightly less unlikely that the issue belongs to a period earlier than his third consulship. But since in the present state of the evidence the coins are anomalous (and anyhow of uncertain date), they are placed at the head of the catalogue and the reader is invited to draw his own conclusions.30

Analysis of 137 coins of Commodus

N = 137; mean wt. = 4.389 g; S.D. = 0.203

image

Weights as a Percentage of All Coins

End Notes

24
Walker, Metrology 2, pp. 80–81.
25
On the whole problem see Walker, Metrology 2, pp. 84–85.
26
The crossbar on the terminal E is seldom present even when the number of letters is sufficient to indicate that E is intended. Except where the crossbar is very clear, the termination of the legend -CE or variants if arbitrarily rendered as C C rather than -CE.
27
Weiser 207.
28
In order to take account of this great variety in the minimum space in the catalogue, the obverse and reverse legends have been reduced to a series of abbreviations with numerals for obverses and letters for reverses. These abbreviations are arranged approximately in descending order of completeness and accuracy. In the catalogue proper the obverse and reverse types provide the principle of arrangement, irrespective of legend; the abbreviations in the remarks column consequently suggest an appropriate randomness of distribution among the legends. Weiser (p. 118) gives a listing of combinations of legends that is somewhat less full than that provided here; and since our catalogues diverge in other respects it has seemed best to begin anew and to deal differently with the legends, though die links between the two lots are noted.
29
BMCGalatia 203, cited at Syd. 365, and Kölner Fundkomplex 195–99 also lack any indication of CEBACTOC. Weiser too concludes that the coins are probably concurrent with the coins of the third-fourth consulships and that the omission of the iteration is without chronological significance.
30
Weiser (p. 127) came to the same general conclusion and placed the coins in the period 181–85 without benefit of knowing of the die links with coins of the third and fourth consulates.

VOLUME

The sample of dies in the Caesarea hoard provides some data for the estimation of the original number of dies employed to strike the imperial silver of Caesarea. No systematic attempt has been made to expand the sample beyond the hoard itself, nor, as a consequence, to deal with denominations other than the didrachm. The formula used is that of G. F. Carter.1

Table 2 Estimated Number of Dies
Ruler Coins Obv./Rev. Obv. Estimated Rev.
Vespasian 52 39/47 123 ± 27 356 ± 132
Domitian 98 50/51 83 ± 8 86 ± 8
Nerva 10 9/10 – –
Trajan
Early 41 28/35 71 ± 15 182 ± 61
Middle 255 157/155 329 ± 24 319 ± 22
Late 53 36/36 90 ± 16 90 ± 16
Hadrian 18 16/16 107 ± 55 107 ± 55
Antoninus 5 3/5 – –
M. Aurelius 161 122/127 397 ± 50 471 ± 64
L. Verus 101 77/74 255 ± 41 220 ± 33
Commodus 137 82/107 165 ± 16 383 ± 55
Total 931 619/663

Estimates of dies originally used based on a counted sample of dies and die links have now achieved a measure of respectability, but the number of coins a die could produce is still anybody’s guess. Variables such as temperature at striking, size of flan, and relief of coin all govern, in undetermined ways, the total output that can be postulated for a die and thus the total amount of coinage that could be produced from an estimated total number of dies.

Moreover for the empire we lack any meaningfully large coinage against which to compare the data. We know the Roman coinage was huge — likely to have been far larger than that for Cappadocia at any period — but how much larger we are never likely to know. Only the tiny coinages, where it is easy to count the dies, give us any sense of relative scale.2 Moreover the modern trend toward quantification has recently been the object of justified skepticism. The use of a constant to represent average die life is a severe methodological error, and therefore no attempt has been made here to translate die numbers into quantities of coinage.3

The most impressive peak is that attained with the combined coinage of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, who account for roughly 40 percent of the total in a period that cannot have exceeded three years. Walker has, probably rightly, associated that coinage with the military campaigns against the Parthians and Armenians.

Scarcely less impressive, however, is what has been designated the middle period of Trajan, i.e 112–14. There is only a single die link between the two groups, but it suggests that one might just as well combine the middle and late periods into a continuum which would then be centered on the adoption of the title optimus in 114.4 This coinage too may have been associated with the emperor’s eastern military operations.

A third total — that for Domitian — seems to have been confined to a single year. Those coins which bear no dates are linked to those of his year 13, and there is no evidence for Cappadocian silver coinage in any other year of his reign. Neither in this case nor in any others (apart from the possibilities already cited) is there any obvious military connection. We have to to suppose that other factors accounted for such regular and substantial infusions of coin.5

End Notes

1
Carter’s method is preferred for its simplicity of application.
2
The coinage of the province of Lycia was very small: I have observed only 6 obverse and 8 reverse dies in 32 coins of Domitian, and 3 obverse and 5 reverse dies in 15 coins of Nerva. (The coinage of Trajan, the last from the mint, was much larger.) Larger coinages: a) Amisus in Pontus under Hadrian, see J. H. Nordbø, "The Imperial Silver Coinage of Amisus 131/2–137/8 A.D.," in A. Damsgaard-Madsen, E. Christiansen, and E. Hallager, eds., Studies in Ancient History and Numismatics Presented to Rudi Thomsen (Aarhus, 1988), pp. 166–78. Each of the years is represented by some coinage. By denomination the total number of dies used is 8 tridrachm, 23 didrachm, and 79 drachm.
b) Syria in the last half of the reign of Trajan. There were 202 Syrian tetradrachms of Trajan struck over the period 108–17 from 171 obverse dies (Walker, Metrology 3, pp. 122–23).
c) For each of Trajan’s years 14 through 16 the drachms of Arabia in the Tell Kalak hoard accounted for at least 30 obverse dies (personal record, unpublished).
d) The Hadrianic cistophori, clearly a special case. There were 309 obverse dies and 410 reverse dies used to produce the 463 coins struck in the province of Asia; for the 50 Bithynian coins, 30 obverse dies and 42 reverse dies are known (figures, not updated since 1980, from Metcalf, Cistophori , pp. 115, 130–36).
3
See in particular T. V. Buttrey, "Calculating Ancient Coin Production: Facts and Fantasies," NC 153 (1993), pp. 335–51.
4
If the two groups of Trajan are combined the estimated number of obverse dies comes to 416 ± 28, comfortably close to the separate totals.
5
In general the linkage between military activity and heavy coining is less secure both in logic and in fact than is commonly supposed. It may have much to recommend it for the Republican period, before the Roman people had conquered or absorbed a Mediterranean empire. But later, particularly in the relatively stable Flavian and Antonine periods, other state obligations — notably increasingly frequent congiaria — must have consumed larger and larger amounts of revenue. Military expenses may have continued to constitute the single largest expense of the state, but it is wrongheaded to look for military stimuli lurking behind every issue of coinage, particularly in the provinces.

METROLOGY

The Caesarea hoard presents the greatest body of material so far available for analysis of the weights of the Cappadocian silver coinage.

Table 3 Mean Weights by Rulers
Mean (N) S.D. Walker (N) a
Vespasian 6.40 (52)b .281 6.84 (50)
Domitian 6.52 (98)c .211 6.65 (19)
Nerva 6.64 (10)d .294 6.46 (18)
Trajan early 6.61 (41) .196 6.66 (8)
Trajan late 6.69 (307)e .213 6.46 (14)
Hadrian 6.62 (18)f .114 6.24 (29)
Antoninus Pius 6.54 (5) .392 6.13 (10)
M. Aurelius 6.66 (161) .257 6.43 (100)
L. Verus 6.69 (101) .251
Commodus 4.39 (137)g .203 4.15 (13)

Apart from the fact that the earliest coins are slightly lighter than the latest, the picture suggested here is remarkably consistent and corrects the impression of unsteadiness formed on the basis of a generally smaller (and, for the second-century issues, at least, less well preserved) sample assembled by Walker. In those cases where coins from the hoard have not been circulated heavily — say, Hadrian on — and the sample is larger, their evidence is to be preferred to that of Walker.

It would be desirable to subject the hoard coins to analysis for content, since the apparent consistency of the weights must be modified by mean silver content; Walker’s analyses suggest less consistency here. Unfortunately no facilities for analyses of such numbers of coins are readily available. The material is, however, still intact, and anyone with access to the proper analytical facilities is welcome to exploit it.

End Notes

a
Here I have used only the figures calculated from coins actually documented by Walker, since these may now be conveniently incorporated with those published in the hoard; his "corrected mean weights," based on larger but not always identifiable samples, are generally higher throughout his tabulation.
b
6.907 for 37 didrachms, 3.373 for 9 drachms, 1.622 for 6 drachms in the ANS, other than those in the Caesarea hoard.
c
6.763 for 16 didrachms, 3.206 for 5 drachms in the ANS.
d
6.859 for 11 didrachms in the ANS.
e
6.742 for 22 didrachms, 3.271 for 15 drachms (both periods) in the ANS.
f
6.224 for 10 didrachms, 3.59 for one drachm, 1.708 for 21 hemidrachms in the ANS.
g
4.26 for 7 didrachms in the ANS.

ROME AND THE CAPPADOCIAN COINAGE

The Caesarea hoard and the investigation that it has prompted clarify and in major respects alter the picture of Cappadocian silver coinage from the time of Vespasian to that of Commodus.

First, even though the coinage of Caesarea has long been recognized as one of the principal provincial silver coinages, it is unexpectedly large. Except for Hadrian and Antoninus, each substantial reign saw a major infusion of silver coinage; and even if this consisted to some extent of reused earlier issues, the composition of the hoard shows that there was no major replacement of coin during this period. The issues of Vespasian and Domitian, large in the first place, were still abundant a century after they ruled. The coinage of Nerva was considerable for his short rule, that of Trajan small during the second consulship but very large in the later issue. The scale of the coinage of the joint reign of Aurelius and Verus and of the sole reign of Commodus surpasses all expectations.

Second, the size of the hoard and the very heavy representation of most types shows that it omits no Cappadocian issue of any size. A corollary is that the Caesarean origin of any didrachm of the period not included in the hoard requires independent evidence in favor of its attribution to the province. We have pointed to exceptions of both sorts — the absence of the Domitian/Domitia didrachms as well as the one struck for Domitia herself, and the presence of the Roma didrachm of Trajan, of unusual style; but both of these are in the full sense exceptions that prove the rule, extremely rare coins. The origin of those issues with non-local types which are absent from the hoard must now be sought elsewhere.1

Third, the provision of coin for Cappadocia is certainly not as straightforward as Sydenham’s catalogue and subsequent treatments suggest. Sydenham’s simple chronological presentation conceals the fact that certain coinages fall outside the local mainstream, and a growing amount of evidence points to the mint of Rome. The question is one that merits further study, but, in approximate order of probability, the following have characteristics that suggest Roman origin.

  • The Roman style issues of Vespasian: there are two clear stylistic groups. One conforms in general outline to issues — denarii, cistophori, and some tetradrachms — of other provincial mints. This group may safely be identified as Caesarean on this basis and its continued employment of the 12:00 die axis. Separate from it — and as yet not die linked to it — is a group of more clearly Roman style, which employs the 6:00 die axis characteristic of the mint of Rome. In general the fabric of the Roman issues is broader and thinner than that of the local issues.
  • The bilingual didrachms of Trajan and associated issues: the obvious explanation for the existence of a die with Latin legends is that it was borrowed from or intended for striking of denarii, and we have no reason to think that denarii of this period were struck elsewhere than Rome. A confirmatory factor is the unusual representation of Mt. Argaeus, confined to this issue.
  • All the didrachms of Domitian: at the very least these coins show an uncannily Roman style, and they display the 6:00 die axis characteristic of Rome and previously unknown on any certainly Caesarean emission.
  • The Mt. Argaeus didrachms of M. Aurelius and L. Verus: there is no means of proving this connection, since the criterion of die axis had broken down already with Hadrian and Antoninus Pius. The style, though suggestive of Rome, is not as closely comparable as in the case of Domitian.2

In view of the possibility of extensive involvement of the Roman mint in the coinage of Cappadocia, it is possible to ask what positive evidence remains for actual striking in Caesarea itself. Here the local style issues of Vespasian provide the best evidence at the beginning of the period. At the end it is impossible to see any link between the reduced didrachms of Commodus and the mint of Rome, and there is no stylistic link to coins of other mints. In between stand the rough early issues of Trajan and all those of Hadrian and Antoninus Pius, which have no demonstrable link to the mint of the capital. In the two latter cases at least the predominant type, Mt. Argaeus, points directly to Caesarea.

In my view, the four cases cited above have enough in their favor to be considered interventions from the capital in the provincial coinage, but it remains to ask whether such involvement in the Cappadocian currency reflects the production of coins or merely dies at Rome. Here only analysis of trace metals, which has not been possible, could provide a conclusive answer. In the meantime there are two pieces of evidence pointing to actual striking at Rome: the difference in fabric between the local and Roman style didrachms of Vespasian, and the solitary Latin legend die of Trajan. In the first case the provision of dies from the capital would still not explain the difference in fabric; and in the second it would be necessary to suppose an unrecognized denarius issue from Caesarea to account for mintage in Cappadocia.

There are other cases of Roman involvement in the provinces — all temporary, isolated, and so far lacking any convincing explanation, whether taken individually or collectively. These include the striking of drachms and hemidrachms for Cyrene under Trajan, of tetradrachms for Alexandria under Severus Alexander and for Syria under Philip I,3 as well as a number of provincial aes coinages that look suspiciously Roman in style.4 These are in a sense purely numismatic, almost ahistorical episodes, and the Cappadocian examples exist against a historical record that is otherwise fragmentary almost to the point of non-existence.5 But one explanation emerges from the nature of provincial circulation itself.

The view that Antioch and Caesarea provided the large denomination currency of the Roman East is very old and almost axiomatic.6 This is part of the basis for a view of eastern Roman hoards as eclectic, the product of hoarding indifferent to denomination or standard in a way that would cause surprise if it were observed in the West. The perceived scale of operation of Antioch and Caesarea was once allowed tacitly to explain the occurrence, in surprising contexts, of types that taken on their own would never invite attribution to the mints.7 But recent scholarship has deprived Antioch and Caesarea of their exclusive predominance in the coinage of Anatolia and Syria. The hoards themselves form part of a convincing chain of argument for the existence of smaller, more ephemeral mints, and another sort of picture emerges. That is one in which traditional borders, to some extent congruent with Roman provincial borders, can be observed in the circulation of imperial silver. Thus cistophori, originally the coinage of the Attalid kingdom, are the coinage of the province of Asia.8 Syrian tetradrachms come from Syria, Arabian issues from Arabia, and Cappadocian ones largely from Cappadocia. Intermingling occurs, but not commonly.9 If this phenomenon is observable to us, it must have been even more obvious to the Romans and may have played a role when the decision was made to coin either in denarii10 or in local denominations.

The denarius was, both in theory and in fact, a universal coin — it could and did circulate everywhere within the limes, though our fragmentary evidence for the East understates its prominence there. This was not true, or not true in the same way, of provincial coinages, even those which were sometimes overvalued in relation to the denarius, from which they are often visually almost indistinguishable. The consequence is that a coin produced in or for Cappadocia could, after issue, go anywhere if it was a denarius; but if it was a drachm or a didrachm, it stayed in Cappadocia. The same general rule applies, mutatis mutandis, in other provinces as well.11 Denarii once struck were free to circulate throughout the empire, local denominations tended to stay at home. Thus is it possible to see the striking of coin at Rome for provincial circulation as a means of infusing new money into a specific environment and as an instrument of maintaining or correcting balances of silver supplies.12

With respect to Cappadocia, the mint of Rome seems to have been employed intermittently but on a large scale. Here, as in the cases of Alexandria under Severus Alexander and Syria under Philip I, the question was not simply one of the ability of the mint to produce coin, for all these mints had the capacity to do so in abundance. The point must have been to add to existing coin supply in the province, for reasons we cannot recover.

This analysis gets us no closer to an understanding of why Rome intervened in Cappadocian coinage when it did or of the other similar episodes in Syria and Egypt. But in a curious way the interpretation proposed here is reinforced by another sort of numismatic event that has long been passed over in silence, though it has wanted explanation: the simultaneous striking of both local denominations and denarial issues at the same mint. Prominent examples include:13 Augustus, aurei and denarii, as well as cistophori, at Pergamum; Vespasian, denarii and cistophori at Ephesus; denarii and tetradrachms at Antioch; Hadrian, denarii and tetradrachms at Antioch; Philip I - Trebonianus Gallus, antoniniani and tetradrachms at Antioch.

Military events or imperial accessions may have triggered some of these coinages, and no impression of relative scale is possible;14 but the perception of different markets for the coinages is one way of explaining simultaneous production of separate and often incompatible denominations.

In the case of Cappadocia, there is not yet any recognized local denarius production, and military affairs cannot on their own account for the steady and large, if intermittent, production of silver throughout the second century. In seeking an explanation for the coinage the types themselves have to be given some weight. Hardly anything could be less military in its aspect than the silver coinage of Cappadocia, at least the didrachms. The major types — Mt. Argaeus, club, Athena — all have local antecedents. Roman types intrude — particularly under Nerva and Trajan — but never to such a degree that they obscure the local nature of the currency. When the coinage required supplement from Rome, it came in the recognizable form of local denominations with local types.

To sum up: it is necessary to move away from the concept of a mint that supplied eastern and, on occasion, southern Anatolia — not to mention Syria and Phoenicia. Earlier analyses of the Tell Kalak and other hoards had already suggested the unsoundness of many traditional attributions to Caesarea (see Appendix 2); the Caesarea hoard confirms a much more compact picture of the mint’s output, limited to didrachms and their fractions for virtuatly the entire period but for a brief episode late in the reign of Marcus Aurelius.

In any case, it is clear that the mint was not really that "of Caesarea," though on the occasions when imperial silver was struck in Cappadocia it probably happened there; the mint for silver had no demonstrable connection with the prolific one for copper (see Appendix 3), which looks very much like any other local mint under the empire.

The interpretation of the Cappadocian coinage hinted at here may seem to credit the Romans with too sophisticated an understanding of money: it is time to rethink this attitude. If the history of Cappadocian silver is as intricate as the evidence now suggests, it betokens a flexible instrument of state capable of response to a variety of pressures at different times. This should hardly cause surprise in view of the subtle manipulation of the silver currency indicated by the work of Walker.

This study has already gone far beyond its original purpose, which was to publish in detail the largest hoard of Caesarean coins yet known and to define the extent of the mint’s operation during the period represented by that hoard. Some problems of attribution are now closer to solution, but others have been highlighted, and the analysis of Rome’s arrangements for Cappadocian silver coinage represents an inadequate first attempt, surely not the last word. As always, more evidence is wanted; when it becomes available it will now at least be possible to view it against a clearer framework for Cappadocia during the late first and second centuries.

End Notes

1
The lot under consideration included only didrachms, but since the hoard seems to have included smaller denominations as well it is worth pointing out that it vindicates the Arabian attribution of the drachms of Trajan as well as the Cyrenaican one of the drachms and hemidrachms with Zeus Ammon, alluded to in Metcalf, "Tell Kalak," p. 94, and independently by D. R. Walker, who provides a full enough treatment at Metrology 2, pp. 112–13. Since the information is likely to escape record elsewhere, in April 1989 I saw two drachms of the type in the collection of Dr. R. Linkfield of Trenton, NJ; he recalls their acquisition during a visit to Libya years ago.
2
The didrachms of Nerva, which break down roughly into two groups, may yet turn out to represent Roman and Cappadocian products, but the evidence here is not as clear cut as in the other cases. The whole coinage would repay more detailed study than has been possible here.
3
For Cyrene see above, n. 1. For Alexandria under Severus Alexander see A. M. Burnett and P. Craddock, "Rome and Alexandria: The Minting of Egyptian Tetradrachms under Severus Alexander," ANSMN 28 (1983), pp. 109–118. For Syria under Philip I see H. R. Baldus, Mon(eta) VRB(is) - ANTIOXIA. Rom und Antiochia als Prägestätten syrischer Tetradrachmen des Philippus Arabs (Frankfurt, 1969). Walker, Metrology 3, pp. 159–60, discusses these instances and recognizes "connection" with the mint of Rome of Caesarean issues of Nerva and Aurelius and Verus.
4
For a recent treatment see I. Carradice and M. Cowell, pp. 26–50.
5
For Caesarea, see RE 3, 1289–90 (Ruge); for Cappadocia, A. H. M. Jones, Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces 2 (Oxford, 1971), whose single paragraph devoted to the topic opens "During the first three centuries of its existence we know very little of the internal history of the province." See R. Teja, "Kappadokien in der Prinzipatszeit," ANRW 2.7.2 (Berlin and New York City, 1980), pp. 1083–1124, for a recent connected account that, with its emphasis on natural resources, underscores the lack of detailed knowledge of the workings of the province.
6
See for example W. Wroth, BMCGalatia, p. xxxv (on Caesarea), pp. lix–lx (on Antioch); B. V. Head, Historia Numorum 2 (Oxford, 1911), p. 779; Sydenham, pp. 2–3.
7
For example T. V. Buttrey, "A Hoard of Sestertii from Bordeaux and the Problem of Circulation in the Third Century A.D.," ANSMN 18 (1972), p. 55: "... the mint of Caesarea in Cappadocia was striking coin for Cyrene...."; J.-P. Callu, La politique monétaire des empereurs romains de 238 à 311, BÉFAR 214 (Paris, 1969), pp. 160–61; and Teja (above, n. 5). See J. T. Milik and H. Seyrig, "Trésor monétaire de Murabb’at," RN 6 1 (1958), pp. 11–26, at 25, where a suspicion that something is amiss begins to emerge. Callu, p. 161, n. 4, notes that the problem was still exercising Seyrig in 1962, though what he took away from Antioch he inclined to give to Caesarea. A. R. Bellinger quotes from correspondence in "The Boston College Hoard," ANSMN 10 (1962), pp. 43–50, at 49.
8
The evidence for circulation of imperial cistophori is slender, see Metcalf, Cistophori, pp. 110–12. Nothing has changed since, but it still seems fair to infer the area of intended circulation from the Hadrianic types.
9
J. H. Nordbø has recently discussed the Hadrianic coinage of Amisus in almost precisely these terms, see his "The Imperial Silver Coinage of Amisus 131/2–137/8 A.D.," in A. Damsgaard-Madsen, E. Christiansen, and E. Hallager, eds., Studies in Ancient History and Numismatics Presented to Rudy Thomsen (Aarhus, 1988), pp. 166–78. At p. 171 he draws attention to the incompatibility of the new coinage with both the cistophoric and the Cappadocian standards.
10
For purposes of this argument the term embraces the entire denarius system and includes aurei and quinarii as well.
11
The drachms produced in Lycia from Domitian through Trajan, which are commonly found in western hoards, constitute an exception to the general rule that provincial silver stayed near its points of issue. Walker, Metrology 2, pp. 70–71, attributes this phenomenon to their initial overvaluation against the denarius.
12
This sort of involvement is different from the local manufacture of coin to meet immediate needs and from the periodic consignment of coin from home for which some evidence has recently been offered, see R. P. Duncan-Jones, "Mobility and Immobility of Coin in the Roman Empire," AIIN 36 (1989), pp. 121–37.
13
Included here are only certain cases, omitting for example the eastern denarii thought to be struck with Hadrianic cistophori and the eastern issues of Caracalla and Elagabalus thought to be struck alongside tetradrachms.
14
Except in a limited way for Augustus, if die counts are anything to go by, as there are at least 10 obverses for the aurei and 18 for the denarii, against 71 for the cistophori. Sutherland’s figures cannot be used for computations, however, since here as elsewhere he made no attempt at comprehensive collection of material. In one case (the aureus with Victory slaughtering bull) he records fewer specimens than were noted decades earlier by Bahrfeldt, see C. H. V. Sutherland, "Augustan Aurei and Denarii Attributable to the Mint of Pergamum," RN6 17 (1973), pp. 129–51, drawing upon his own The Cistophori of Augustus, RNS Special Publication 4 (London, 1970), esp. pp. 33–37.

CONSPECTUS OF CAESAREAN SILVER COINAGE

Each bold number indicates a change in the obverse and reverse pairing of types and/or legends. Bold letters are used to indicate variants. After each entry the following information is given.

References usually are to Sydenham but occasionally to other standard corpora. References to S. followed by an alphabetic character are in Malloy’s appendix to Sydenham, pp. 142–46. Coins cited by Sydenham from his own collection are noted under "Documentation."

Documentation includes published coins and those in major collections. Citations of ANS coins include those from Baldwin’s Caesarea hoard (which are noted) but not those the Society has acquired from the new hoard. ANS accession numbers are given only where necessary to distinguish identical pieces. Material from auction and sale catalogues, and occasionally unpublished collateral material, is cited where it extends or, in the case of rare varieties, completes the record of known specimens.

Finds records the number of occurrences in known finds.

In general, the conspectus will prove most reliable for the coinage represented in the new hoard and catalogued either here or by Weiser in Epigraphica Anatolica; indeed the terminus of the catalogue was determined principally by the terminal date of the hoard. Within this broad framework, the entries for the didrachms are no doubt more representative than those for the drachms and fractions.

Documentation from the hoard itself or from major published collections is of course much more reliable than citation by Sydenham or publication in a sale catalogue or other secondary reference, especially where these lack photographs. Both "documentation" and "finds" are reported, however, since information in the latter category is often difficult to come by and seldom included or implied by the former.

Vespasian, A.D. 69–79

Obv. AYTOKPA KAICAP OYECΠACIANOC CEBACTOC, Head of Vespasian laureate r.1

Didrachms

A.D. 77–78

1. Rev. NIKH CEBACTH Nike flying r., wreath in r., palm in l.

Ref.: S. 89

Doc.: SNGCop 185; BMCGalatia, p. 47, 16; SNGFitz 5427; Hunter, p. 582, 6.

Finds: Hoard 14 (27–40, provincial style); Weiser 2 (5, provincial style; 6, uncertain style); Baldwin 50 (see pp. 157–58, 20). Baldwin notes "variations de style qui indiquent les differentes frappes," and points to pl. 24, 17 and 18, where the two coins illustrated seem to be of provincial style. It is regrettable that she did not break down the coins by stylistic group.

2. Rev. Legend as 1. Nike on elongated base flying r., wreath in r., palm in l.

Ref.: S. 90

Doc.: ANS (ex Baldwin hoard).

Finds: Hoard 2 (41 provincial style; 42 Roman style); Baldwin 1 (p. 158, 23, pl. 25, 21, Roman style).

3. Rev. ΠATHP ΠATPIΔOC Mt. Argaeus; on summit, Helios radiate standing l., holding globe in r., scepter in l.

Ref.: S. 92

Doc.: Hunter, p. 582, 7; ANS 3 (2, possibly 3, ex Baldwin hoard).

Finds: Baldwin 3 (p. 159, 30). Baldwin inadvertently suggests in her description of the obverse ("même coin que la monnaie de la pl. II, 26" [i.e. rev. NIKH CEBACTH, above 2]) that all three coins are from the same obverse die, but two of these preserved at the ANS are from different dies. A third coin, also possibly from the hoard, has yet another obverse but a reverse die link to one of the Caesarea hoard coins. All three coins are of Roman style.

4. Rev. AYTO KAI OYECΠACIANOC CEBACTOY YIOC Head of Titus laureate r.

Ref.: S. 102

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6364 (provincial style); BMCGalatia, p. 48, 19 (Roman style).

Finds: Hoard 26 (1–26, provincial style); Baldwin 8 (p. 157, 19, pl. 24, 16, provincial style).

5a. Rev. TITOC AYTOKPATΩP KAICAP ETOYC Θ Titus in military dress standing l., holding spear in r., sword and paludamentum in l.

Ref.: S. 103

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 48, 20; ANS 3 examples.

Finds: Hoard 4 (43–45, provincial style; 46, Roman style); Baldwin 6 (pp. 160–61, 33; pl. 25, 32–33, Roman style; pl. 25, 34–35, provincial style).

5b. Rev. Similar but ET Θ

Ref.: S. 105 = F. Imhoof-Blumer, RSN 8 (1898), p. 18, 64, not illus. (from his own coll.).

Doc.: ANS 1944.100.57817.

Finds: None.

6a. Rev. ΔOMITIANOC KAICAP CEB YIO ET Θ Domitian togate standing front, head l., olive branch in r.

Ref. S. 108.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6365; ANS 2.

Finds: Hoard 6 (47–52, provincial style); Baldwin 3 (p. 161, 35; pl. 25, 37–38); the two coins illustrated are of provincial style. The text erroneously gives the reverse legend with a reversed N.

6b. Rev. Similar but Yl for YIO.

Ref.: S. 110 citing Spink, a reference now untraceable.

Doc.: ANS (purchased at Caesarea, 1911), provincial style.

Finds: None.

6c. Rev. Similar to 6a but ΔOMITTIANOC for ΔOMITIANOC.

Ref.: S. 111.

Doc.: Munich = F. Imhoof-Blumer, RSN 8 (1898), p. 19, 65.

Finds: None.

6d. Rev. Similar to 6a but ΔOMETIANOC for ΔOMITIANOC.

Ref.: S. 112.

Doc.: ANS (ex Baldwin hoard).

Finds: Baldwin 1 (p. 161, 35)

6e. Rev. Similar to 6a but CEBA Yl for CEB YIO.

Ref.: None, but see Doc.

Doc.: SNGCop 189. This coin is incorrectly cited at S. 108a with rev. legend CEB YI ET

Drachms

A.D. 74–75

7. Rev. ETOYC EKTOY Mt. Argaeus; on summit, Helios radiate standing l., holding globe in r., scepter in l.

Ref.: S. 96 (S. coll.).

Doc.: ANS 3 (probably all ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.

Finds: Baldwin 4 (p. 160, 31).

A.D. 75–76

8. Rev. ETOYC EBΔOMOY

Ref.: S. 97, p. 45, fig. 27, rev. only (S. coll.).

Doc.: ANS 1944.100.57802 (ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.

Finds: Weiser 1 (7, Roman style; the plate belies his suggestion that the obverse legend terminates -TO); Baldwin 2 (p. 160, 32; pl. 25, 31 = ANS, provincial style).

A.D. 77–78 (?)

9. Rev. As 2.

Ref.: S. 91

Doc.: SNGCop 186; ANS 1944.100.57795 (ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52. Same obv. and rev. dies.

Finds: Baldwin 1 (p. 158, 24, pl. 25, 22, Roman style).

Obv. AYTO KAI OYECΠACIANOC CEBACTOY YIOC Head of Titus laureate r.

10. Rev. As 2.

Ref.: S. 106

Doc.: ANS 4 (all ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.

Finds: Baldwin 4 (p. 158, 21, pl. 24, 19; p. 158, 25, pl. 25, 23). Baldwin’s plates are intended to illustrate a breakdown of three provincial and one Roman style, but the coins preserved in the ANS show that there are two coins of each style.

Obv. KAI ΔOMITIANOC CEBACTOY YIO Head of Domitian laureate r.

11. Rev. OMONOIA CEB Homonoia seated l., holding patera in r., scepter in l.

Ref.: S. 113a; 113 (S. coll.) has inverted N and is given with obv. legend ΔOMITIANOC CEBACTOY YIOC, rev. legend terminating CEB..., but see the coin at Hess, 28 Apr. 1936, 52; both legends were probably full. ANS 1944.100.57839 seems to be from the same obverse die as Sydenham’s coin, but the inverted N has been corrected.

Doc.: Hess, 6 Jan. 1926 (Löbbecke), 406 (not illustrated); ANS 1944.100.57839 (ex Baldwin hoard = Baldwin, pl. 24, 20); 1944.100.57840 (possibly also ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.

Finds: Baldwin 2 (p. 158, 2, pl. 24, 20).

A.D. 77–78

12. Rev. Similar to 5a but ...ETOY Θ instead of ...ETOYC Θ

Ref.: S. 104 as a didrachm, citing Baldwin 34, but the coins she cites are drachms; Sydenham misreads the commentary, which gives this legend only for drachms.

Doc.: ANS 1944.100.57818 (ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.

Finds.: Baldwin 2 (p. 161, 34; pl. 25, 36 = ANS, provincial style).

13. Rev. Similar to 6a but ...CEB Yl ET Θ for ...CEB YIO ET Θ

Ref.: S. 109 var. (S. coll.).

Doc.: None.

Finds: None.

Obv. AYT KAICAP TIT YIOC CEBACTOY YIOY OYECΠACI Head of Titus laureate r.

14. Rev. Similar to 1 with ET Θ added.

Ref.: S. 107

Doc.: ANS 2 from same obv. die (one certainly, the other probably, ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.

Finds: Baldwin 2 (p. 161, 37, pl. 25, 40.

Obv. Similar to 11 but ΔOMITIANOC KAICAP CEBACTOY YIOC

15. Rev. EYΘHNIA CEBACTH ET Θ Euthenia seated r., holding two grain stalks

Ref.: S. 114–15.

Doc.: A. Blanchet, RN 1895, p. 67, 3 (Paris); Hamburger, 19 Oct. 1925, 752 (inaccurately rendered at S. 114); same dies as London (not in BMC).

Finds: None.

Obv. AYTOKP KAICAP OYECΠACIANOC CEBA Head of Vespasian laureate r.

Hemidrachms

Undated.

16. Rev. Anepigraphic. Mt. Argaeus as on 3.

Ref.: S. 93.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6363; Ratto, 4 Apr. 1927, 2394.

Finds: None.

17. Rev. Anepigraphic. Nike r. as on 1.

Ref.: S. 94

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6362; SNGCop 187; BMCGalatia, p. 47, 17; Hunter, p. 583, 8; ANS 6 examples, Plate 52. The style of these coins is less easy to characterize than that of the didrachms, and often the apparent evidence of style is at variance with that of the die axis, i.e. 12:00 is not clearly provincial and 6:00 is not clearly Roman. All the ANS coins have a 12:00 die axis, but if forced to choose I would divide them into 2 Roman and 4 provincial style.

Finds: Weiser 1 (8, apparently provincial style, but die axis 5:00).

18. Rev. Anepigraphic. Nike seated r. on globe holding wreath in lap.

Ref.: S. 95 (S. coll.), p. 44, fig. 26.

Doc.: Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 38.

Finds: None.

End Notes

1
For the coinage of Vespasian, where most types occur in two distinct styles, only one entry is made, and the existence of "Roman" and "provincial" variations is noted in the "Documentation" or "Finds" entry.

TITUS, A.D. 79–81

Obv. AYTOKPATωP TITOC KAICAP CEBA Head of Titus laureate r.

Hemidrachm

19. Rev. Anepigraphic. Nike advancing r. holding wreath and palm.

Ref.: S. 116 (S. coll.)

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 46, 21–22; ANS 1944.100.58056, Plate 52.

Finds: None.

DOMITIAN, A.D. 81–96

Obv. AYT KAI ΔOMITIANOC CEBACTOC ΓEPM, Head of Domitian laureate r.

Didrachms

A.D. 92–93

20. Rev. Anepigraphic. Domitian in quadriga r., holding laurel branch and scepter.2

Ref.: S. 121

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6369; BMCGalatia, p. 50, 33.

Finds: Hoard 7 (122–28); Baldwin 2 (p. 162, 38, pl. 26, 41).

21. Rev. ETO IΓ l. and r. in field. Bust l., spear upright in r., patera in l.; above, thunderbolt.

Ref.: S. 122, reading IA on rev.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6371; London (not in BMC), same dies as Münz. u. Med. FPL 385, Jan. 1977, 7, and Kastner 12, 30 Nov. 1976, 249; ANS 1944.100.58299 ex Hess, 1 Dec. 1931, 633, Plate 52.

Finds: None.

22. Rev. Similar but no thunderbolt.

Ref.: S. 123.

Doc.: SNGCop 191; BMCGalatia, p. 49, 28.

Finds: Hoard 1 (63, same dies as SNGCop 191)

23. Rev. Legend as 21. Athena standing r., owl in r., spear in l.

Ref.: S. 124.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6373; SNGCop 192; SNGFitz 5429; BMCGalatia, p. 49, 29.

Finds: Hoard 34 (64–97); Baldwin 4 (p. 162, 39, pl. 26, 42); Gerzeul 2 (Golenko 1–2).

24. Rev. Legend as 21. Club, handle at top.

Ref.: S. 126

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 49, 30–32.

Finds: Hoard 24 (98–121); Baldwin 4 (p. 163, 43, pl. 26, 46); Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 3).

25. Rev. Legend as 21. Nike running r., wreath in r., palm in l.

Ref.: S. 127

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6372; SNGCop 193; London (not in BMC).

Finds: Hoard 22 (129–50); Baldwin 3 (p. 163, 41, pl. 26, 45).

26. Rev. Legend as 21. Mount Argaeus; on summit, Helios radiate standing l., globe in r., scepter in l.

Ref.: S. 128.

Doc.: SNGCop 194; SNGFitz 5430; ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard).

Finds: Hoard 10 (53–62); Baldwin 3 (p. 163, 42, pl. 26, 44); Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 4).

27. Rev. ΔOMITIA CEBACTH Bust of Domitia draped r., wearing stephane.

Ref.: S. 129.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6370 ex Glendining, 21 Feb. 1961 (Lockett), 2986 = Ratto, 4 Apr. 1927, 2402; ANS ex Florange-Ciani, 17 Feb. 1925 (Allotte de la Fuÿe), 712; Glendining, 27 Sept. 1962 (Woodward), 375, Plate 52. Each seems to be from a different pair of dies; the Woodward specimen shares its obverse die with Woodward 374 with rev. Nike r. (25 above), confirming the date.

Finds: None.

Obv. AYT KAI ΔOMIT CEBACTOC ΓEPM ΔOMITIA CEBACTH Head of Domitian laureate r. facing bust of Domitia draped l. wearing stephane.

28. Rev. Similar to 23.

Ref.: S. 130 (S. coll.).

Doc.: Glendining, 27 Sept. 1962 (Woodward), 376 = Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 65 = Naville 8, 25 June 1924 (Bement), 796 = Hirsch 30, 11 May 1911, 952 = Hirsch 26, 23 May 1910 (Berlin duplicates et al.), 710, Plate 52.

Finds: None.

29. Rev. Similar to 25.

Ref.: S. 130a.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6374; ANS 1989.118.1 (different dies), Plate 52.

Finds: None.

Obv. AYT KAI ΔOMITIANOC CEBACTOC ΓEPM Head of Domitian laureate r.

Drachm

A.D. 92–93

30. Rev. Similar to 23.

Ref.: S. 125.

Doc.: ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.

Finds: Baldwin 2 (p. 163, 40, pl. 26, 43); Metcalf, "Tell Kalak," 1.

End Notes

2
Although the quadriga reverse is undated, its die linkage demands its placement in 92–93.

NERVA, A.D. 96–98

Obv. AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC Head laureate r.

Didrachms

Undated, A.D. 96?

31. Rev. OMON CTPAT Clasped hands holding standard on prow.

Ref.: S. 136.

Doc.: ANS = Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 66; BMCGalatia, p. 51, 44.

Finds: Hoard 2 (151–52).

32. Rev. TYXH CEBACTOY Tyche standing l., rudder in r., cornucopia in l.

Ref.: S. 137.

Doc.: ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard?), Plate 52.

Finds: Baldwin 1 (p. 164, 44).

COS III, A.D. 97

33. Rev. YΠATOY TPITOY Club, handle at top.

Ref.: S. 146.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6378; ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.

Finds: Baldwin 1 (p. 165, 48, pl. 26, 50); Kldeyety 2 (Golenko 103–4).

34. Rev. Legend as 33. Bust of Amazon l., long curls on neck; over r. shoulder, bipennis.

Ref.: S. 148; J.-A. Blanchet, RN 3 13 (1895), p. 69, 7, pl. 3, 4, rev. only.

Doc.: Paris.

Finds: None.

35. Rev. Legend as 33. Mt. Argaeus; on summit, Helios standing l., globe in r., scepter in l.

Ref.: S. 145.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6377; BMCGalatia, p. 51, 40; Hunter, p. 584, 14; ANS, Plate 52.

Finds: None.

Obv. Similar to 31, but obv. ΓEPM.

36. Rev. Club as 33.

Ref.: S. 147.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 51, 42.

Finds: Hoard 2 (153–54).

Similar to 31, but obv. YΠAT Γ

37a. Rev. ΔHMOY EΛEYΘ Eleutheria standing l., pileus in r., rod in l.

Ref.: S. 138.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6375.

Finds: None.

37b. Similar to 31 but obv. AYTOKPA.

Ref.: S. 139.

Doc.: SNGCop 196; ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.

Finds: Baldwin 1 (p. 165, 46, pl. 26, 48).

38a. Rev. Clasped hands as 31.

Ref.: S. 140.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6376 (ex Glendining, 21 Feb. 1961 [Lockett], 2988 = Ratto, 4 Apr. 1927, 2404); ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.

Finds: Baldwin 1 (p. 165, 47, pl. 26, 49).

38b. Similar to 31 but obv. AYTOKPA.

Ref.: S. 141 citing Spink.

Doc.: ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 53.

Finds: Baldwin 1 (p. 165, 47, not illus.).

39a. Rev. Tyche as 32.

Ref.: S. 142.

Doc.: ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 53.

Finds: Baldwin 1 (p. 164, 45).

39b. Obv. Similar to 31 but obv. AYTOKPA.

Ref.: S. 143.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 51, 41; ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 53.

Finds: Baldwin 1 (p. 164, 45, pl. 26, 47).

Similar to 31 but obv. AYTOKPA and YΠAT Γ.

40. Rev. Mt. Argaeus as 35, YΠATOY TPITOY.

Ref.: S. 144.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 51, 39.

Finds: None.

COS IIII Jan. 1–29, A.D. 98.

Similar to 31, but obv. Y ΠAT Δ

41. Rev. Eleutheria as 37a

Ref.: S. 149.

Doc.: ANS = Ratto, 4 Apr. 1927, 2405.

Finds: Hoard 1 (157); Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 5).

42. Rev. Clasped hands as 31.

Ref.: S. 149a.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6381.

Finds: Hoard 2 (158–59).

43. Rev. Tyche as 32.

Ref.: S. 150.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6380; ANS (Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 [Sydenham], 70).

Finds: Hoard 1 (160).

44. Rev. Mt. Argaeus as 35, YΠATOY TETAPTOY.

Ref.: S. 151.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6379; ANS (ex Baldwin hoard).

Finds: Hoard 1 (156); Baldwin 1 (p. 166, 49, pl. 26, 51); Bori 1 Golenko 62).

45. Rev. Club as 33, YΠATOY TETAPTOY.

Ref.: S. 153 citing Spink NCirc, not traced.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (155).

Obv. Similar to 31, ΓEPM

46. Rev. Mt. Argaeus as 35, YΠATOY TETAPTOY.

Ref.: S. 152.

Doc.: None Finds: None.

47. Rev. Club as 33, YΠATOY TETAPTOY.

Ref.: S. 154.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 51, 43.

Finds: None.

Trajan, A.D. 98–117

Obv. AYT KAI NEPOYAC TPAIANOC CEBAC ΓEPM Head of Trajan laureate r.

Didrachms

Undated A.D. 98

48. ΘEOC NEPOYAC ΠATHP TPAIANOY CEBACTOY Head of Nerva laureate r.

Ref.: S. 155.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6382 (ex Glendining, 21 Feb. 1961 [Lockett], 2989, same dies as Ratto, 4 Apr. 1927, 2406, and ANS 1944.100.58302 [ex Baldwin hoard]); ANS 1944.100.58301 = Baldwin, pl. 26, 52, same dies as Glendining, 27 Sept. 1962 (Woodward), 381 = Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 72, Plate 53.

Finds: Baldwin 2 (p. 166, 50, pl. 26, 52).

Obv. AYT TPAIANOC CEB ΔHM EΞ YΠAT B Head of Trajan laureate r.3

A.D. 98–99

49. Rev. ΘEOC NEPOYAC CEBACTOC Head of Nerva laureate r.

Ref.: S. 156.

Doc.: Egger, 28 Nov. 1914 (Prowe), 2415.

Finds: None.

Obv. Legend and bust as 48.

Rev. YΠAT ΔEYT

50a. Rev. Mt. Argaeus; on summit, Helios standing l., globe in r., scepter in l.

Ref.: S. 157.

Doc.: ANS 2 (ex Baldwin hoard); SNGCop 198; SNGFitz 5437; BMCGalatia, p. 53, 45, misread there and at S. 158.

Finds: Hoard 4 (161–64); Baldwin 2 (p. 166, 51, erroneously giving "tête laurée de Nerva").

50b. Similar but obv. bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: SNGFitz 5438.

Finds: Hoard 2 (from same dies, 165–66).

51a. Rev. Male figure bearded, head r., helmeted, in military dress, standing frontally, spear in r., shield in l.

Ref.: S. 159, fig. 46, citing Johnson coll.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (167).

51b. Similar but obv. bust as 50b.

Ref.: S. 161 (fig. 47) and 160 misinterpreted. On all coins where the type is clear there is a slight trace of a cuirass on Trajan’s r. shoulder, and its presence is suggested by the truncation of the bust.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 52, 48; SNGvAulock 6383; ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard); Glendining, 27 Sept. 1962 (Woodward), 383; Naville 10, 15 June 1925, 740, all five from the same obverse die; Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 74, from different dies.

Finds: Hoard 1 (168); Baldwin 1 (p. 166, 52, pl. 26, 54).

52. Rev. Club, handle at top.

Ref.: S. 162.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6384; BMCGalatia, p. 53, 52, with incomplete obverse legend; Hunter, p. 585, 17; ANS 1.

Finds: Hoard 2 (169–70).

Obv. AYT KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB ΓEPM Head of Trajan laureate r.

Rev. ΔHM EΞ YΠAT B

Didrachms

53. Rev. Tyche standing l., rudder in r., cornucopia in l.

Ref.: S. 163.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6387 Glendining, 21 Feb. 1961 (Lockett), 2990 = Ratto, 4 Apr. 1927, 2408; ANS 1, Mehl, 24 June 1930, 809.

Finds: Hoard 4 (189–92); Weiser 2 (17–18).

54a. Rev. Eleutheria standing l., pileus in r. and rod in l.

Ref.: S. 164.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6388; SNGCop 199; BMCGalatia, p. 52, 49–50.

Finds: Hoard 7 (182–88); Weiser 1 (16); Bori 1 (Golenko 63).

54b. Similar but head of Trajan on obv. is laureate r. and draped.

Ref.: S. 165 (citing Ratto, 8 Feb. 1928, 2657, not illus.).

Doc.: None.

Finds: None.

55a. Rev. Mt. Argaeus as 50a.

Ref.: S. 167.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6386; Hunter, p. 585, 18; ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard).

Finds: Hoard 9 (171–79); Baldwin 1 (p. 167, 53, pl. 26, 55); Gerzeul 3 (Golenko 6–8).

55b. Trajan obv. similar 54b but drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 168 (S. coll.)

Doc.: Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 77.

Finds: Hoard 2 (180–81, same obv. die).

56. Rev. Clasped hands holding standard on prow.

Ref.: S. 171.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 2 (199–200); Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 9).

57. Rev. Club as 52.

Ref.: S. 162a, 171a (Burbules coll.).

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6385.

Finds: Hoard 6 (193–98).

58. Rev. ΔHMAPX EΞ YΠAT B Female bust (Hera?) l., wearing headdress, short scepter in each hand.

Ref.: S. 174.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6391; SNGCop 201; SNGFitz 5439; BMCGalatia, p. 52, 47; ANS 1 (ex Antioch hoard).

Finds: Hoard 1 (201); 1935 Antioch hoard 1.4

This coin is placed here with the greatest reluctance, but there is no other mint to which it obviously belongs and the provenance in our hoard lends some small plausibility to the attribution to Caesarea which is lacking for the other mysterious didrachm S. 175 and the tridrachm S. 173. The latter almost certainly does not belong to Caesarea, and the origin of the didrachm is anybody’s guess.

Drachms

59a. Rev. Eleutheria as 54a.

Ref.: S. 166.

Doc.: SNGCop 199.

Finds: Weiser 1 (15); Baldwin 2 (p. 167, 54), Plate 53.

59b. Similar but obv. bust laureate r. with drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None

Finds: Weiser 1 (16).

60. Rev. Eirene standing l., grain stalks in r., scepter in l.

Ref.: S. 170 (S. coll.). S. 169 records a similar type with patera in r. on the basis of BMCGalatia, p. 53, 51, but the catalogue entry itself contains a query that is justified by the condition of the piece.

Doc.: Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 78.

Finds: Baldwin 3 (p. 167, 55, pl. 26, 56).

61. Rev. Clasped hands as 56.

Ref.: S. 172.

Doc.: SNGCop 200; BMCGalatia, p. 53, 53.

Finds: Weiser 4 (20–23); Baldwin 1 (p. 157, 56), Plate 53; Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 10).

Hemidrachm

COS II, A.D. 98–99, or COS III, A.D. 100

62. Rev. Legend ending B or Γ. Club as 52.

Ref.: Walker, Metrology 2, 3034, where it is claimed that Γ has been cut over B. The second known specimen, from different dies, clearly shows B.

Doc.: Oxford (6, 1.65 g); Weiss (6, 1.66 g), Plate 53.

Finds: None.

COS III, A.D. 100

None of the coins dated COS III and attributed to Caesarea by Sydenham can be regarded as a product of the mint.

COS IIII, A.D. 101–102

No silver coins of this date have ever been attributed to Caesarea.

COS V, A.D. 103–111

The "Arabia" tridrachm of this date has been reattributed to Trajan’s Arabian mint.5

Obv. AYTOKP KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB ΓEPM ΔAK.

Rev. ΔHMAPX EΞ YΠATO ς.

COS VI, A.D. 112–117 Trajan not yet optimus.

Didrachms

Rev. Club, handle at bottom.

63a. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 215.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 56, 82; ANS.

Finds: Hoard 10 (202–11);

63b. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 4 (212–15).

63c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

Ref.: S. 214. S. 213 gives this obverse/reverse combination with the obverse legend AYT KAIC... (Johnson coll.), a variant which awaits confirmation.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 56, 81.

Finds: Hoard 9 (216–24); Weiser 1 (64); Gerezul 1 (Golenko 29).

63d. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6400; ANS.

Finds: Hoard 5 (225–29).

63e. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind, globe beneath.

Ref.: S. 214a.

Doc.: London (not in BMC); ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard).

Finds: Hoard 15 (230–244); Baldwin 1 (p. 167, 57).

Rev. Female bust (Artemis?) l. in chiton, spear in r., patera in l.

64a. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 195 (Johnson coll.).

Doc.: ANS 1.

Finds: Hoard 14 (295–308); Gerzeul 2 (Golenko 20–21).

64b. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

Ref.: S. 197. S. 195b is said to have "aegis only" on l. shoulder, but the plate shows that it has drapery only.

Doc.: SNGCop 208; Weber 7797.

Finds: Hoard 5 (309–13).

64c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped seen from behind.

Ref.: S. 196.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6405; SNGFitz 5435; BMCGalatia, p. 55, 69–70.

Finds: Hoard 20 (314–33).

64d. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: S. 195a (Burbules coll.).

Doc.: None

Finds: Hoard 1 (334).

64e. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind, globe beneath.

Ref.: S. 196a (Burbules coll.).

Doc.: SNGCop 209; London 2 (not in BMC); ANS.

Finds: Hoard 17 (335–51); Gerzeul 2 (Golenko 16–17).

Rev. Apollo standing l., olive branch in r., bow and arrow in l.6

65a. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 4 (245–48); Gerzeul 2 (Golenko 13 [arrow], 14 [no arrow]).

65b. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6502.

Finds: Hoard 7 (249–55).

65c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

Ref.: S. 191, 193 (both S. coll.).

Doc.: ANS 2; Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 90 (arrow), 91 (no arrow).

Finds: Hoard 32 (256–87); Gerzeul 2 (Golenko 12 [arrow], 15 [no arrow]).

65d. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: S. 192.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 55, 67; ANS 1.

Finds: Hoard 4 (288–91).

65e. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind, globe beneath.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: SNGCop 207; ANS 1.

Finds: Hoard 3 (292–94).

Rev. Tyche standing l., rudder on globe on ground in r., cornucopia in l.

66a. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6,401; Hunter, p. 585, 21; ANS.

Finds: Hoard 11 (352–62); Gerzeul 2 (Golenko 22–23).

66b. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: ANS.

Finds: Hoard 10 (363–72); Weiser 1 (40).

66c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

Ref.: S. 203.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 56, 77–78.

Finds: Hoard 18 (373–90); Bori 1 (Golenko 65).

66d. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (391)

66e. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind, globe beneath.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: SNGCop 211.

Finds: Hoard 24 (392–415).

Rev. Mt. Argaeus of varying design, usually grotto at bottom containing cult stone, flanked by two pyramidal objects. At top, second grotto, sometimes with the appearance of a flame. Trees on slopes of mountain.

67a. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 210a.

Doc.: ANS.

Finds: Hoard 3 (416–18).

67b. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 11 (419–29).

67c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

Ref.: S. 211a.

Doc..: SNGvAulock 6,403, 6,404 (imitative?); BMCGalatia, p. 56, 80.

Finds: Hoard 14 (430–43).

67d. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind, globe beneath.

Ref.: S. 210 (S. coll.).

Doc.: ANS (ex Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 [Sydenham], 97).

Finds: Hoard 10 (447–56).

68. Obv. IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS VI P P Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

Rev. Mt. Argaeus as 67.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: Paris 1 (M. Amandry, "Rome et Caesarée, didrachme et drachme de Trajan légende latine," BSFN 41.3 [April 1986], pp. 36–39.)

Finds: Hoard 3 (444–46, see ANS Annual Report 1983, p. 14, 12–16).

Drachms

Obv. AYTOKP KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB ΓEPM ΔAK

Rev. Club, handle at bottom.

69a. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 216.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 56, 83; ANS 1, Plate 53.

Finds: Weiser 1 (65); Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 33).

69b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 6 (66–71).

Rev. Female bust (Artemis?) l., in chiton, spear in r., patera in l.

70a. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 55, 71; ANS 1, Plate 53.

Finds: Weiser 2 (28–29); Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 18).

70b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

Ref.: S. 198.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6405; ANS 1.

Finds: Weiser 1 (30); Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 19).

Rev. Mt. Argaeus as 67.

71a. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 3 (42–44); Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 27).

71b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 17 (47–63); Gerzeul 2 (Golenko 25–26).

Rev. Clasped hands holding standard on prow.

71A. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: London ex Asia Minor hoard (not in BMC)

Finds: Asia Minor I (Mattingly, "Caesarea," p. 238).

Rev. Nike advancing r., wreath in r., palm in l.

72. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

Ref.: S. 212, printed as "didrachm" but the weights given indicate that the coins are drachms. The "didrachm" of this type has been omitted from the catalogue.

Doc.: SNGCop 213; Hunter, p. 586, 26.

Finds: Weiser 4 (36–39).

Trajan optimus, not yet Parthicus

Obv. AYTOKP KAIC NEP TPAIANω APICTω CEB ΓEPM ΔAK 7

Rev. Legend as 63.

Didrachms.

Rev. Club as 69.

73a. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 217 (S. coll.)

Doc.: Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 99.

Finds: Hoard 3 (457–59).

73b. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: Ball 6, 9 Feb. 1932, 585.

Finds: Hoard 3 (460–62).

73c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 2 (463–64).

Rev. Female bust (Artemis?) l. in chiton, spear in r., patera in l.

74a. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: Kastner 6, 26 Nov. 1974, 291.

Finds: Hoard 2 (476–77).

74b. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (478).

74c. Obv. Bust laureate r., cuirassed.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: SNGCop 210.

Finds: Hoard 2 (479–80).

74d. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 3 (481–83).

74e. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.

Ref.: S. 199.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6406; ANS (ex Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 [Sydenham], 93).

Finds: Hoard 4 (484–87); Bori 1 (Golenko 64).

Rev. Apollo standing l., olive branch in r., bow and arrow in l.

75a. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (465).

75b. Obv. Bust laureate r., cuirassed.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 3 (467–69), all from same obverse die on which there is just the possibility of drapery.

75c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (466).

75d. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.

Ref.: S. 194.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 55, 68.

Finds: Hoard 6 (470–75).

Rev. Mount Argaeus as on 67.

76a. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 208. S. 209 also cites the variety with obverse omegas in majuscules from Johnson coll.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6407.

Finds: Hoard 8 (499–506).

76b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

Ref.: S. 207.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 3 (507–9).

76c. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 211, citing B.M., but the coin is not there today. See "Ghosts."

Doc.: None.

Finds: None.

Rev. Clasped hands holding standard on prow.

77a. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

Ref.: S. 222.

Doc.: ANS (ex Baldwin hoard).

Finds: Baldwin 1 (p. 167, 58, pl. 26, 57).

77b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

Ref.: S. 221.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 57, 86–87.

Finds: Hoard 6 (492–97); Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 35).

77c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (498).

Drachms.

Rev. Club, handle at bottom.

78a. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 218.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 56, 84.

Finds: Weiser 1 (105).

78b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 2 (106–7).

78c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: Hess, 28 April 1936 (Sydenham), 100.

Finds: None.

79. Obv. IMP CAES NER TRAIANO OPTIMO AVG GER DAC Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

Rev. Club as 63. 8

Ref.: None.

Doc.: Paris 1 (M. Amandry, "Rome et Caesarée, didrachme et drachme de Trajan à légende latine," BSFN 41, 4 [April 1986], pp. 36–39); ANS 1993.23.1, Plate 53.

Finds: None.

Rev. Female bust (Artemis?) l. in chiton, spear in r., patera in l.

80a. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 1 (87).

80b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

Ref.: S. 200.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 55, 72–73.

Finds: Weiser 4 (83–86).

Rev. Mt. Argaeus as on 67.

81a. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: Hunter, p. 586, 31.

Finds: Weiser 3 (95–97); Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 28).

81b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 7 (98–104).

Rev. Nike advancing r., wreath in r., palm in l.

82a. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 4 (88–91); Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 24).

82b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 2 (92–93).

82c. Obv. Bust laureate r., cuirassed.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 1 (94).

Rev. Clasped hands holding standard on prow.

83a. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 1 (108).

83b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind.

Ref.: S. 223 (Johnson coll.).

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 1 (109); Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 34).

83c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 1 (110); Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 36).

End Notes

3
Golenko (Gerzeul 11), recognizing its hybrid character, reports a coin with this obverse type and legend and reverse ΔHM EΞ YΠAT B Tyche standing l., holding rudder and cornucopia. Confirmation is required.
4
Noe 2 56; see also Metcalf, "Tell Kalak," p. 92, 16, where the coin is mistakenly identified as a tridrachm.
5
Metcalf, "Tell Kalak," pp. 92–103. The removal from the Caesarean corpus is followed by D. R. Walker, Metrology 1, and by M. R. Weder, pp. 57–61, though neither is convinced of the attribution to Bostra.
6
It is not always possible to tell whether a simple bow or a bow and arrow are present, and probably both are always intended.
7
The form of the omega is minuscule on the didrachms, majuscule on the drachms.
8
The direction of the club on the reverse can hardly be determined from the two specimens known of this drachm; the description is generalized from the didrachms.

Hadrian, A.D. 117–138

Obv. AYTO KAIC TPAI AΔPIANOC CEBACT

Rev. ET Δ

Hemidrachms

Year 4, A.D. 120–121

Rev. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by Helios standing l., globe in r., scepter in l.

84. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 258 (S. coll.).

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6411 (cited as S. 259); Hunter, p. 588, 48; ANS 3 (2 ex Baldwin hoard); Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 116.

Finds: Baldwin 2 (p. 168, 60), Plate 53.

Rev. Club, handle at top.

85. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 257.

Doc.: SNGCop 223; SNGFitz 5449; BMCGalatia, p. 62, 143–45; Hunter, p. 588, 47; ANS 3 (probably all ex Baldwin hoard).

Finds: Weiser 4 (119–22); Baldwin 3 (p. 168, 59), Plate 53; Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 38).

Rev. Nike advancing r., wreath in r., palm in l.

86a. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 255.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6413; SNGCop 222; SNGFitz 5451; BMCGalatia, p. 62, 140–41; Hunter, p. 588, 45; ANS 5 (1 ex Baldwin hoard).

Finds: Weiser 2 (112–13); Baldwin 1 (p. 168, 61, pl. 26, 59), Plate 53; Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 37).

86b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.

Ref.: S. 256.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6412; BMCGalatia, p. 62, 142; Hunter, p. 588, 46; ANS 3 (2 ex Baldwin hoard).

Finds: Weiser 5 (114–18); Baldwin 2 (p. 168, 62), Plate 53; Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 37).

Year 5, A.D. 121–122

Rev. ET E

87. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 260.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6414; SNGCop 224; BMCGalatia, p. 62, 146; ANS 7.

Finds: Weiser 3 (123–25); Gerzeul 2 (Golenko 39–40).

A.D. 120–122 (undated)

Rev. No legend.

88. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 254.

Doc.: SNGCop 221; ANS 2 (ex Baldwin hoard).

Finds: Baldwin 2 (p. 168, 58, pl. 26, 58), Plate 53.

89. Rev. Nike standing r., foot on step, inscribing shield.

Ref.: S. 254a.

Doc.: ANS 1944.100.59039, Plate 53.

Finds: None.

Hadrian not yet Pater Patriae

Obv. AYT KAIC TPAIAN AΔPIANOC CEB

Rev. ΔHMAPX EΞ YΠAT Γ

Didrachms

COS III, A.D. 119–128

Rev. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by Helios standing l., globe in r., scepter in l.

90a. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped.

Ref.: S. 261.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 69, 117.

Finds: Eki 8 (265–72).

90b. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (510); Eki 1 (261). Eki 262–63 are said to have obv. legend AYT KAICAP AΔPIANOC.

90c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (511).

Drachms

91a. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 262.

Doc.: SNGCop 225; BMCGalatia, p. 59, 118; ANS, Plate 53.

Finds: None.

91b. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 262a.

Doc.: McClean 5447; ANS, Plate 53.

Finds: Weiser 4 (148–51).

91c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 1 (152).

Hadrian Pater Patriae

Obv. AΔPIANOC CEBACTOC.

Rev. YΠATOC Γ ΠATHP ΠAT Mt. Argaeus surmounted by figure of Helios standing l., globe in r., scepter in l.

Didrachms

COS III, A.D. 128–138

92a. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 263.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6416; SNGCop 226; BMCGalatia, p. 60, 119; McClean 9220.

Finds: Kldeyeti 2 (Golenko 105–6); Eki 174 (47–161, 163–64, 190–91, 193–204, 206–13, 215–26, 228–39, 248, 250–58, 260).

92b. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 264.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6415; BMCGalatia, p. 60, 120–21.

Finds: Bori 1 (Golenko 66); Eki 10 (240–41, 243–47, 276–78).

Rev. As 92 but ...ΠATP

93a. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: SNGCop 227; SNGFitz. 5446.

Finds: Hoard 2 (512–13); Eki 5 (162, 205, 227, 249, 259).

93b. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

Ref.: S. 266a (citing Burbules coll.).

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 2 (514–15); Eki 4 (242, 273–75).

93c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (516).

93d. Obv. Bust radiate r., draped.

Ref.: S. 266 (citing B.M.).

Doc.: London (not in BMC).

Finds: Eki 2 (45–46).

Rev. As 92, with star l., crescent r.

94. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 265. S. 265a cites from his own collection a didrachm with obv. AYT KAICAP (?) [sic] AΔPIANOC CEBACTO Head laureate r.; confirmation may be provided by Eki 17 (not illustrated).

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6417; BMCGalatia, p. 60, 122.

Finds: Eki 38 (6–15, 17–44).

Rev. Legend as 93. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by star.

95a. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 268.

Doc.: ANS 1944.100.59440, Plate 53.

Finds: Hoard 2 (517–18); Eki 19 (278–97).

95b. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 268a citing ANS.

Doc.: ANS.

Finds: Eki 1 (298).

Rev. Legend as 93. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by star; to l. and r., stars.

96a. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 270a (S. coll.).

Doc.: Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 122.

Finds: Hoard 7 (519–25); Zestafoni 1 (Golenko 73); Eki 65 (299–316, 318–45, 347–53, 355–66).

96b. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 270.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 60, 124.

Finds: Hoard 1 (526); Eki 6 (317, 371, 377–80).

96c. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (527).

96d. Obv. Bust laureate draped r.

Ref.: S. 269.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6418; SNGCop 228; BMCGalatia, p. 60, 123.

Finds: Eki 13 (346, 354, 367–74, 376, 381–82).

Rev. Legend as 93. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by wreath.

97. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 272.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6419; BMCGalatia, p. 60, 126.

Finds: None.

Rev. Legend as 93. Club, handle at top.

98a. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 273 (S. coll.).

Doc.: Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 123 (not illus.).

Finds: Eki 21 (490, 498, 512–14, 528, 537, 557, 560, 582, 591, 643, 651, 690, 694, 703–6, 712).

98b. As 92 but ΠATPI

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Eki 4 (537, 566, 633, 692).

98c. As 93.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Eki 24 (481, 485, 488, 496, 508, 511, 515–16, 524–25, 539–40, 558, 561–62, 570, 575, 592, 595, 697–98, 702, 707–8).

Rev. Legend as 93 but ... ΠATPIΔOC Club, handle at top.

99. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 280.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6421; SNGCop 231; SNGFitz. 5448; BMCGalatia, p. 61, 135; Hunter, p. 587, 43; ANS 3, Plate 53.

Finds: Bori 1 (Golenko 67); Eki 129.

Rev. As 99 but star to l.

100. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 281 (Johnson coll.).

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6422.

Finds: Eki 15 (414–28).

Rev. As 100 but crescent to r.

101. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 282.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 61, 136–37; ANS 3.

Finds: Bori 2 (Golenko 68–69); Eki 45 (429, 431–42, 444–76).

Rev. YΠA ΠAT ΠATPIΔOC Bust of youthful male radiate draped r., club over shoulder.

102. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 253.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 60, 127.

Finds: None.

Obv. CEBACTOC AΔPIANOC Head laureate l.

103. Rev. ΠATHP ΠATPI YΠATOC TO Γ Club, handle at top.

Ref.: S. 283.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6423; SNGCop 232; BMCGalatia, p. 61, 138; ANS 3, Plate 54.

Finds: Eki 6 (692, 709–11, 713–14).

104. Rev. ΠATHP ΠATPI YΠATOC TO Γ Mt. Argaeus surmounted by crescent.

Ref.: S. 252b (ANS).

Doc.: ANS 1917.11.2, Plate 54.

Finds: None.

105. Rev. Legend as 103. Tyche standing l., holding rudder and cornucopia.

Ref.: S. 252 (London, date obscure but of necessity Γ; S. 252a (Burbules coll.).

Doc.: London (not in BMC).

Finds: None.

Obv. Legend as 92.

Rev. Legend as 92.

Drachms

106. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 263a (Burbules coll.).

Doc.: ANS, Plate 54.

Finds: None.

Rev. Legend as 93.

107. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 267 (citing B.M.).

Doc.: London (not in BMC).

Finds: Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 47).

Rev. Legend as 93. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by three stars.

108a. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 271.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 60, 125.

Finds: Weiser 4 (153–56); Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 48).

108b. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 2 (157–58).

108c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 1 (159).

Hemidrachm

109. Rev. YΠATOC Γ ΠATHP ΠATPI Nike advancing r., holding wreath in r., palm in l.

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.

Ref.: S. 274.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 62, 139.

Finds: None.

Anomalies

The following coins assigned by Sydenham and others to Caesarea are of somewhat different fabric and do not occur with any frequency in documented finds. The anomalies all have the same legends.

Obv. AΔPIANOC CEBACTOC

Rev. YΠATOC Γ ΠATHP ΠATPIΔOC

Tridrachm

110. Obv. Head laureate r.

Rev. Tetrastyle temple; within, Tyche standing l., holding rudder in r., cornucopia in l.

Ref.: S. 276.

Doc.: Löbbecke, p. 349, 2.

Finds: None.

Didrachms

111. Obv. Similar.

Rev. Similar.

Ref.: S. 275.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 61, 128.

Finds: None.

112. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped.

Rev. Tyche seated l., holding rudder in r., cornucopia in l.

Ref.: S. 277.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 61, 129–31; Weber 7804.

Finds: None.

Drachms

113a. Obv. Head laureate r.

Rev. As 112.

Ref.: S. 278a (S. coll.).

Doc.: ANS = Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 124, Plate 54.

Finds: Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 49).

113b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped.

Ref.: S. 278.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 61, 132–33.

Finds: None.

114. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped.

Rev. Eagle standing front, head l.

Ref.: S. 279.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 61, 134.

Finds: None.

115. Obv. Head laureate r.

Rev. Athena standing r., head l., Nike in r., shield on ground in l.

Ref.: S. 282a.

Doc.: ANS 1944.100.59050 (from Wayte Raymond 1938), Plate 54.

Finds: None.

ANTONINUS PIUS, A.D. 138–161

Obv. AYTOKP ANTωNEINOC CEBACTOC

Rev. EYCEBEIA Eusebeia standing l., raising r. over altar, l. covered by peplos.

Didrachms

Undated.

116a. Obv. Head r.

Ref.: S. 292a.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6424; same obv. die as ANS 1944.100.59457, Plate 54.

Finds: None.

116b. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 292.

Doc.: SNGCop 235; BMCGalatia, p. 64, 154; ANS 1944.100.59455, Plate 54.

Finds: Eki 1 (731).

116c. Obv. Bust r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 293 (S. coll.).

Doc.: Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 129.

Finds: Bandza 1 (Golenko 74).

116d. Obv. Bust r., draped.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: ANS 1944.100.59456, Plate 54.

Finds: Eki 8 (742–49).

116e. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Eki 17 (717–30, 732–34).

116f. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped.

Ref.: S. 292b.

Doc.: Münz. u. Med. 52, 2–3 Dec. 1975, 184 = SNGvAulock 6425.

Finds: None.

Drachm

117. Obv. Bust r., draped.

Rev. ΠPONOIA Pronoia standing l., resting l. elbow on column, holding spear in l., at feet, globe.

Ref.: S. 294.

Doc.: Paris (J.-A. Blanchet, "Monnaies de Césarée de Cappadoce," RN 3 3 (1895), p. 72, 21.)

Finds: None.

Antoninus not yet Pater Patriae

Rev. YΠATOC B Mt. Argaeus, trees on slopes, surmounted by Helios standing l., globe in r., scepter in l.

Didrachms

COS II, A.D. 139

118a. Obv. Head r.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: Baranowsky FPL 1935, 6905.

Finds: None.

118b. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 296.

Doc.: SNGCop 237; BMCGalatia, p. 63, 151.

Finds: Hoard 1 (528).

118c. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 297.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 63, 150.

Finds: None.

Drachms

119a. Obv. Head bare r.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: SNGCop 238; ANS 1944.100.59461, Plate 54.

Finds: Weiser 8 (160–67); Gerzeul 4 (Golenko 53–54, 56–57).

119b. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 1 (189).

119c. Obv. Bust r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: ANS 1944.100.59469.

Finds: Weiser 4 (168–71).

119d. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 2 (185–86).

119e. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 1 (193).

Rev. Similar, but no trees on mountain.

120a. Obv. Head r.

Ref.: S. 299.

Doc.: Ratto, 4 Apr. 1927, 2421 (not illus.).

Finds: None.

120b. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 298.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 62, 152.

Finds: Weiser 3 (190–92).

120c. Obv. Bust r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 9 (172–80).

120d. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 2 (187–88).

Rev. Similar but Mt. Argaeus surmounted by star.

Didrachm

121. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 300.

Doc.: Ratto, 4 Apr. 1927, 2420 (not illus.).

Finds: None.

Rev. Similar but Mt. Argaeus with trees on slopes, no Helios, no star.

Drachm

122. Obv. Head r.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 4 (181–84).

Antoninus Pater Patriae

Didrachms

Rev. YΠATOC B ΠAT ΠATP Mt. Argaeus as 118.

123. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 301.

Doc.: London (not in BMC).

Finds: None.

Obv. ANTΩNINOC CEBACTOC Head laureate r.

124a. Rev. YΠAT B ΠA ΠATP Mt. Argaeus similar to 120, star in exergue.

Ref.: S. 301c (description omits star in exergue).

Doc.: Münz. u. Med. FPL 336, July 1972, 26 = H. M. F. Schulman, 6 June 1969 (Mabbott 1), 2318.

Finds: None.

124b. Rev. Similar, but YΠAT B ΠAT ΠATP.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: ANS 1944.100.59452, Plate 54.

Finds: None.

COS III, A.D. 140–144.

Obv. AYTOKP ANTΩNEINOC CEBACTOC Head laureate r.

125. Rev. YΠATOC Γ Mount Argaeus surmounted by star.

Ref.: S. 301b.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6426 = Kricheldorf 4, 7 Oct. 1957, 352.

Finds: Hoard 4 (529–32).

COS IIII, A.D. 145–161.

Obv. Similar but, AYTOK... 9 Head laureate r.

126. Rev. YΠATOC Δ ΠAT ΠATP Mt. Argaeus as 118.

Ref.: S. 302–3.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 64, 153; Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 133.

Finds: None.

127a. Rev. Similar but ... ΠATPIΔOC Club, handle at top.

Ref.: S. 304.

Doc.: De Moustier 1485.

Finds: None.

127b. Rev. Similar but ...ΠATPIΔOC

Ref.: S. 304a.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6427; H. M. F. Schulman, 6 June 1969 (Mabbott 1), 2314.

Finds: Kldeyeti 1 (Golenko 107).

Drachm

128. Rev. Legend as 126. Mt. Argaeus similar to 118a.

Ref.: S., p. 136, 9 (S. coll.).

Doc.: Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 134 (not illus.).

End Notes

9
Omega may be majuscule or minuscule.

Marcus Aurelius

First issue, with Lucius Verus, A.D. 161–166.

Obv. AYTOKP ANTωNEINOC CEB

Rev. YΠATOC Γ Mt. Argaeus surmounted by Helios, globe in r., scepter in l.10

Didrachms

COS III for Marcus, COS II for Lucius, A.D. 161–166.

129a. Obv. Head r.

Ref.: S. 321.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6434; BMCGalatia, p. 66, 165–67; ANS 2.

Finds: Hoard 21 (533–53); Weiser 1 (194).

129b. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 323.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6433; SNGCop 241; BMCGalatia, p. 66, 170; ANS (Ratto, 4 Apr. 1927, 2423).

Finds: Hoard 19 (554–72).

129c. Obv. Bust r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 322, fig. 74.

Doc.: Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 140. The treatment of the drapery on this piece is somewhat fuller than that of others of this description, but hardly enough to warrant a separate heading.

Finds: Hoard 7 (573–79).

129d. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: Hunter, p. 589, 52.

Finds: Hoard 4 (580–83).

129e. Obv. Bust r., cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 3 (584–86).

129f. Obv. Bust laureate r., cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: S. 325–26.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6432; BMCGalatia, p. 66, 169; ANS.

Finds: Hoard 17 (587–603).

129g. Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 7 (604–10).

129h. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: S. 324 (described as laureate, draped).

Doc.: BMCGalatia 168 (described as draped).11

Finds: Hoard 1 (611).

Rev. Legend as 129. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by star.

130a. Obv. Head r.

Ref.: S. 327 (animal at base of mountain), S. 331a (no animal).

Doc.: SNGCop 242; SNGFitz 5455; BMCGalatia, p. 66, 171; McClean 9221; ANS.

Finds: Hoard 17 (612–28).

130b. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 328, S. 332 (with and without "animal" at base).

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6431; BMCGalatia, p. 67, 175–76; Hunter, p. 589, 53; ANS 2.

Finds: Hoard 21 (629–49).

130c. Obv. Bust r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 6 (650–55).

130d. Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 329.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 67, 174.

Finds: Hoard 6 (656–61).

130e. Obv. Bust r., cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 8 (662–69).

130f. Obv. Bust laureate r., cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: S. 330–31.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, pp. 66–67, 172–73; ANS.

Finds: Hoard 16 (670–85).

130g. Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: ANS 2.

Finds: Hoard 6 (686–91); Kldeyeti 1 (Golenko 108).

130h. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 2 (692–93).

Obv. AYTOKP OYHPOC CEBACTOC

Rev. YΠATOC B Mt. Argaeus surmounted by Helios, globe in r., scepter in l.

Didrachms

131a. Obv. Head r.

Ref.: S. 352.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6438; ANS 2.

Finds: Hoard 25 (694–718).

131b. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. not, but see fig. 76.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6439.

Finds: Hoard 6 (719–24).

131c. Obv. Bust r., draped, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (725).

131d. Obv. Bust r., cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: SNGFitz 5457 (animal l. at base of mountain), 5458 (animal r.); BMCGalatia, p. 69, 192 (animal on l. slope); McClean 9224; ANS. Finds: Hoard 10 (726–35).

131e. Obv. Bust laureate r., cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: SNGCop 248.

Finds: None.

131f. Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: S. 351 description.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 6 (736–41).

Rev. Legend as 131. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by star.

132a. Obv. Head r.

Ref.: S. 354, S. 358.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 70, 193 and 196.

Finds: Hoard 22 (742–63).

132b. Obv. Head laureate r.

Ref.: S. 355.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6437; ANS.

Finds: Hoard 6 (764–69).

132c. Obv. Bust r., draped, seen from behind.

Ref.: S. 356.

Doc.: Hunter, p. 589, 56; Imhoof-Blumer, Monnaies grecques, p. 418, 186.

Finds: Hoard 4 (770–73).

132d. Obv. Bust r., cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: S. 353, S. 357 ("with columns of temple at foot of mountain").

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6436; SNGCop 249; BMCGalatia, p. 70, 194–95; ANS.

Finds: Hoard 16 (774–89).

132e. Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 2 (790–91).

132f. Obv. Bust laureate r., cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 3 (792–94).

Second issue, with Commodus, A.D. 175–176

Obv. AYTOKP ANTωNEINO CEB Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

Rev. YΠATOC Γ

COS III, Germanicus Sarmaticus for Marcus, Caesar Germanicus Sarmaticus for Commodus.

Tridrachms

133. Rev. Three grain stalks on garlanded altar.

Ref.: S. 334 with Löbbecke's erroneous transcription of the obverse legend.

Doc.: A. Löbbecke, p. 349, 3, pl. 14, 11, but erroneously described ("...OC CEB" in obverse legend), 9.93 g; Gorny 23, 5 Nov. 1982, 103 = Gorny 20, 1 Dec. 1981, 60 = Gorny 19, 12 May 1981, 95 = Sternberg 10, 25 Nov. 1980, 410, 9.21 g; Bankhaus Aufhäuser FPL 6 [n.d., 1988], 381, all from same obverse die but different reverse dies.

134. Rev. Helmeted male standing l., holding spear in l., shield on ground in r.

Ref.: S. 333a (as a didrachm, incorrectly)

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6429, "didrachm," but 8.70 g; Auctiones AG 18, 21 Sept. 1989, 964, 10.01 g; McAlee; Bankhaus Aufhäuser FPL 6 [n.d., 1988], 380 (same reverse, different obverse die).

135. Rev. Tetrastyle temple on podium of three steps; within, statue of helmeted male standing l., holding spear in l., shield on ground in r.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: Bankhaus Aufhäuser FPL 6 [n.d., 1988], 383; ANS 1981.78.1, Plate 54.

Finds: None.

136a. Rev. Eagle standing l., head r.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: Bankhaus Aufhäuser FPL 6 [n.d., 1988], 382.

Finds: None.

136b. Rev. Eagle standing r., head l.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: Paris 1965/930, 9.58 g.

Finds: None.

Didrachms

137. Rev. Club, handle at top.

Ref.: S. 333.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 67, 177; ANS 1984.44.5.

Finds: None.

Obv. KOMMOΔω KAI CEB YIω

Rev. ΓEPMAN CAPMAT

Tridrachms

138a. Obv. "Young Bust r., bare head dr."

Rev. Three grain stalks placed on altar decorated with garlands.

Ref.: S. 362.

Doc.: Imhoof-Blumer, Monnaies grecques, p. 418, 188 (not illus.), 9.20 g; S. "142.8 gr."; Ashmolean ex Walker, 9.24 g. Imhoof compares Mionnet VI, p. 705, 618. It is possible that the Imhoof-Blumer and Ashmolean specimens are identical. Other examples: Münz. u. Med. FPL 359, Aug. 1974, 12; Paris P. 474, 9.76 g.

Finds: None.

138b. Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: Gorny 23, 5 Nov. 1982, 104 = Gorny 19, 12 May 1981, 96, 9.46 g; Gorny 24, 14 Mar. 1983, 95, 9.38 g. Same obverse die as both examples of 141b.

Finds: None.

Obv. ...KAIC... Bust r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

139. Rev. Hexastyle temple on podium of three steps; within, female figure standing l., holding spear in l., shield on ground in r.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: Paris P 476, 10.27 g; Vienna 33706, 8.30 g; McAlee (same dies as Vienna).

Finds: None.

140. Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed.

Rev. Eagle standing front on club, head r.

Ref.: S. 363.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 192, 344 (Antioch), 136.6 gr. = 8.85 g; ANS 1993.8.1, Plate 54.

Finds: None.

141a. Rev. Similar but eagle's head l.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: Paris P 476, 9.87 g; ANS 1992.153.1, 9.17 g, Plate 54.

Finds: None.

141b. Obv. Similar but bust seen from behind.

Rev. Similar but eagle on branch.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: ANS 1989.66.1 = G. Hirsch 161, 22 Feb. 1989, 847, 7.33 g; same dies as Lanz 26, 5 Dec. 1983, 706, 8.31 g; same obverse die as 138b, Plate 54.

Finds: None.

Obv. ...KAI...

Rev. CAPMAT ΓERMAN

Didrachms

142a. Obv. Bust r., draped.

Rev. Club, handle at top.

Ref.: S. 364.

Doc.: Paris P 447, 5.45 g.

Finds: None.

142b. Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed.

Ref.: S. 364.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 71, 202, 93.7 g = 6.07 g.

Finds: None.

Obv. ...KAIC....

143. Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: Ashmolean, 6.29 g.

Finds: None.

144. Obv. Bust, r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind.

Rev. ΓEPMAN CAPMAT Mt. Argaeus surmounted by Helios standing l., holding globe in r., scepter in l.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: Ashmolean, 5.25 g; Münz. u. Med. FPL 359, Aug. 1974, 13; ANS 1992.153.3, 6.47 g, Plate 54.

Finds: None.

End Notes

10
F. Imhoof-Blumer, Monnaies grecques (Amsterdam, 1883), p. 418, was the first to draw attention to a stag that appears occasionally on the mountain on the coins of M. Aurelius and L. Verus, and Sydenham distinguished subvarieties on the basis of its presence or absence. This distinction is not made here, except as noted in catalogues cited, as the appearance or nonappearance of the animal does not seem to be systematic. BMCGalatia, p. 70, 195–96, notes the presence of temple columns at the foot of the mountain, but the indications are ambiguous and often illegible.
11
On many coins of both Marcus and Verus, it is difficult to determine whether a cuirass is intended; sometimes, whether on shoulder or chest, the distinctive markings are absent but neither is there any positive trace of a paludamentum. In general, if the outline of the shoulder can be seen and it is not draped, it is interpreted as cuirassed.

Commodus, A.D. 180–192

Obverse Legends

  • AY MAP AYP KOM ANTωNEINOC CEB
  • AY M AYP KOMO ANTωNEINOC CE
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNEINOC
  • AYTO M AYP KOMO ANTωNINOC
  • AYTO M AYP KOMOΔOC AN CE
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNINOC CE
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNINOC C
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNINOC
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNINO CE
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNINO
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNIN
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNI
  • AYT M AYP KOMO ANTω[
  • AYT M AYP KO ANTωNINO
  • AYKT M AYPH KOMO ANTωNINOC C12

Reverse Legends

Commodus's reverses display in Greek the consular iteration and the title pater patriae.

A. YΠATOC no date, Γ, Δ ΠAT ΠATPIΔOC
B. YΠATOC Γ ΠAT ΠATPIΔ
C. YΠATOC Γ, Δ ΠAT ΠATPI
D. YΠATOC Γ ΠAT ΠATP
E. YΠATOC Γ ΠAT ΠAT
F. YΠATOC Γ ΠA ΠATPIΔOC
G. YΠATOC Γ ΠAT ΠATT
H. YΠATOC Didrachms Δ ΠAT ΠA

Didrachms

Undated, A.D. 180?

Obv. Head laureate r.

Rev. Legend A. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by star.

145a. Obv. Legend 5.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (797).

145b. Obv. Legend 9.

Ref.: S. 365.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 71, 203; ANS.

Finds: Hoard 2 (795–96); Weiser 3 (195–97). The obverse legend of his 197 is corrected on the basis of linkage to the hoard coins.

145c. Obv. Legend 13.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 2 (198–99).

Γ, COS III, A.D. 181–182

Rev. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by Helios holding globe in r., scepter in l.

146a. Legends 16/B.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6441.

Finds: None.

146b. Legends 2/E.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (798).

146c. Legends 3/E.

Ref.: S. 370a.

Doc.: SNGCop 250.

Finds: None.

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

147a. Legends 1/E.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 2 (205–6).

147b. Legends 3/E.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 1 (207).

Obv. Head laureate r.

Rev. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by star.

148a. Legends 6/C.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 2 (811–12); Weiser 5 (212–16).

148b. Legends 7/C.

Ref.: S. 366a (Burbules coll.).

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 9 (800, 803–4, 807–8, 810, 813, 815–16); Weiser 4 (201–4).

148c. Legends 8/C.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 3 (805–6, 809); Weiser 3 (208–10).

148d. Legends 9/C.

Ref.: S. 366.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 71, 204.

Finds: Hoard 2 (799, 801); Weiser 1 (200).

148e. Legends 10/C.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (814).

148f. Legends AYimageOMMOΔOC AN CE/C.

Ref.: S. 367.

Doc.: Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 153.

Finds: None.

Rev. Nike advancing l. holding wreath and palm.

149a. Legends 7/A.

Ref.: S. 368.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 71, 205.

Finds: Hoard 3 (819–20, 828).

149b. Legends 9/A.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (818).

149c. Legends 16/A.

Ref.: S. 369.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 71, 206.

Finds: None.

149d. Legends 8/B.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (823).

149e. Legends 6/C.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (826); Weiser 1 (223).

149f. Legends 7/C.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 2 (824–25); Weiser 1 (219).

149g. Legends 8/C.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 2 (821–22); Weiser 1 (222).

149h. Legends 9/C.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 2 (829–30); Weiser 1 (218).

149i. Legends 10/C.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6440.

Finds: Hoard 1 (827).

149j. Legends 9/F.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 2 (220–21, die identical).

Obv. Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder.

150. Legends 3/C.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 2 (831–32).

Rev. Nike advancing r. holding wreath in r., palm in l.

151. Legends 1/A.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (833).

Obv. Head laureate r.

Rev. Nike standing r. on globe holding wreath in r., palm in l.

152a. Legends 7/A.

Ref.: S. 370c.

Doc.: ANS.

Finds: Weiser 1 (217, where the attributes are transposed).

152b. Legends 8/C.

Ref.: S. 369a.

Doc.: SNGCop 251.

Finds: None.

152c. Legends 7/E.

Ref.: S. 370.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6442; BMCGalatia, p. 71, 207.

Finds: None.

Rev. Club, handle at top. To l., star; to r., crescent.

153. Legends 1/A (rev. from upper r.)

Ref.: None.

Doc.: ANS 1986.165.3.

Finds: None.

Rev. Club, handle at top. To l., crescent; to r., star.

154a. Legends 1/A.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: Sternberg 10, 25 Nov. 1980, 432.

Finds: None.

154b. Legends 6/C.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: Lanz 22, 10 May 1982, 737.

Finds: None.

154c. Legends 16/YΠATO[ ]ΠATPIΔOC.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: ANS 1981.95.1, Plate 54. The obverse die of this piece is shared with SNGvAulock 6441 and (146a) BMCGalatia, p. 71, 206 (149c), which confirm the date.

Finds: None.

Δ, COS IIII, A.D. 183–185.

Rev. Mt. Argaeus surmounted by star.

155a. Legends 8/A.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (839).

155b. Legends 9/A.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Weiser 1 (229).

155c. Legends 5/C.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 3 (897–98, 904).

155d. Legends 7/C.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: Hunter, p. 590, 61.

Finds: Hoard 8 (835–36, 845, 905–9); Weiser 2 (230–31).

155e. Legends 8/C.

Ref.: S. 372.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 72, 208–9; SNGCop 252.

Finds: Hoard 7 (840, 863–66, 868, 916); Weiser 1 (233).

155f. Legends 9/C.

Ref.: S. 372a (S. coll.)

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6443.

Finds: Hoard 11 (834, 838, 843–44, 852–54, 910–12, 915); Weiser 4 (227–28, 232, 242).

155g. Legends 11/C.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: McClean 9225.

Finds: Hoard 4 (841–42, 862, 917).

155h. Legends 12/C.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 5 (899–903); Weiser 4 (234, 240–41, 243).

155i. Legends 13/C.

Ref.: S. 372b.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 72, 210; Hunter, p. 590, 60 and 62; ANS.

Finds: Hoard 36 (846–51, 861, 867, 869–83, 885–96, 913); Weiser 18 (224–26, 244–58).

155j. Legends 14/C.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (855).

155k. Legends 15/C.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 5 (856–60); Weiser 3 (237–39). The eight coins are from one obverse and four reverse dies.

155l. Legends 7/E.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (837).

Rev. Nike advancing l. holding wreath in r., palm in l.

156. Legends 9/C.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (918).

Rev. Nike advancing r. on globe holding wreath in r., palm in l.

157a. Legends 7/C.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 2 (925, 928).

157b. Legends 8/C.

Ref.: S. 373a = 372c.

Doc.: SNGvAulock 6444.

Finds: Hoard 2 (926–27).

157c. Legends 9/C.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 3 (919, 929–30); Weiser 1 (235).

157d. Legends 13/C.

Ref.: S. 373.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 72, 211.

Finds: Hoard 3 (922–24, same dies).

157e. Legends 7/D.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (921).

157f. Legends 8/D.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (920).

157g. Legends 9/G.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: None.

Finds: Hoard 1 (931).

157h. Legends 8/E.

Ref.: None.

Doc.: SNGCop 253.

Finds: None.

End Notes

12
The legend is known from a single obverse die shared by SNGvAulock 6441 and BMCGalatia, p. 71, 206; the ANS coin confirms the readings of the respective editors, in both cases taken from coins where the termination was open to doubt.

APPENDICES

1. A NOTE ON THE "MÜNCHENER FUNDKOMPLEX"

Throughout the discussion it has been assumed that the lot of 932 coins under discussion is one component of a larger find (the "Münchener Fundkomplex"), and that the whole also included a lot of 258 coins, the Kölner Fundkomplex, published some years ago by Wolfram Weiser. This conclusion is dictated by the following considerations.

  • The termini of this lot and the Weiser lot are identical: both begin with Cappadocian coins of Vespasian and end with coins of Commodus.
  • Both contained denarii. The lot published here had a single denarius of Domitian, the Weiser lot had two, but the combination of Roman and provincial issues is significant.
  • There is extensive interlinkage of dies, both within and between the two lots, and in the reign of Commodus the similarity extends down to fine details, i.e. some dies which are abundantly represented in this lot are also represented in the Weiser lot. Although the die structure of the Commodan coinage remains far from complete, the two lots complement one another in articulating it where either taken alone would be far less informative.
  • The significant differences between the two lots may be explained by modern selection by denomination. The Weiser lot has a substantial number of the smaller denominations, while the Caesarean portion of the ANS lot consists exclusively of didrachms. The fact that both lots have didrachms of Commodus may be explained most easily, in the case of the Weiser lot, by their physical similarity to denarii and earlier drachms, and in the case of the ANS lot by their actual denomination.

It is reasonable to assume that the coins described here were among those known to Weiser, even if not in detail, and figured in his estimate of the hoard. The totality of the hoard as represented by the two lots is reasonable enough in itself; it cannot be ruled out that other denominations, or even coins of other provincial mints, were also present in the original find. Fortunately there is nothing to suggest that this is the case, and Weiser's estimate may provisionally stand.*

2. COINS NO LONGER ATTRIBUTABLE TO Caesarea

The following table is similar to that given by Walker, Metrology 2, p. 117, with additional annotation. The reattributions are based on a combination of metrological analysis, hoard context, and types.

Sydenham Current Attribution Notes and Bibliography
173, 175 Uncertain Not recorded from any finds. Given by Walker, Metrology 2, p. 99, to Provincia Asia. S. 174, which Walker associates with 173–75, is here listed under 58 solely on the basis of its inclusion in the Caesarea hoard.
176–78 Cyrene Above, p. 83, n. 1.
179, 180 Syria? Only recorded find from Dura-Europus, Walker, Metrology 2, p. 99.
181 Tyre The type is traditional at this mint.
182–90 Arabia? W. E. Metcalf, "Tell Kalak," pp. 39–108, for an attribution to Arabia; M. R. Weder, "Zu den Arabia Drachmen Traians," SM 27 (1977), pp. 57–61, for distribution of the drachm types between Antioch and Rome.
202 Cyrene Above, p. 83, n. 1.
203–5 Arabia? Above, S. 182–90.
206 Tyre Above, S. 181.
219, 220 Arabia? Above, S. 182–90.
224–27 Arabia? Above, S. 182–90.

End Notes

*
There have been other multiples in the trade since ca. 1980, but little to suggest that they are associated with this lot. The only really common Caesarean multiples are the few tridrachms of Trajan which cannot yet be assigned elsewhere, and such of these as are in circulation today are in better condition than comparably old coins from the two lots.

3. THE SILVER AND THE COPPER COINAGE OF Caesarea

In the text it is asserted that there is no connection between the silver under discussion and the bronze coinage of Caesarea. The most important evidence is that of chronology.

Ruler Dates Caesarea Silver Sydenham Copper
Vespasian 74, 75 7
75, 76 8
77, 78 1–6, 9–18
78, 79 98, 99
Titus 79–81 19
79 117, 118
81 119
Domitian 92, 93 20–30
93, 94 131–34
94, 95 135
Nerva Annually 96–98 31–47 None known
Trajan 98, 99 48–62
98 240
98/9 241
99/100 235, 242
100/1 243
101/2 244
102/3 245
106/7 246–48
107/8 249
110/111 250
112–14 63–73
111/2 251
114–16 74–83
Hadrian 119–28 90, 91
117, 118 284, 285
120, 121 84–86
121, 122 87
128–138 92–115
Antoninus 138 (?) 116, 117
Pius1
139 118–24
140–44 125
143/4 309
145/6 310–13
145–61 126–28
150/1 314
158/9 315–18
M. Aurelius/L. Verus2 161/2 337
162/3 338, 360
163–66 129–32
164/5 361 (Verus)
M. Aurelius/Commodus 175, 176 133–44
Commodus 180 (?) 145
181, 182 146–54
183–85 155–57
189/90 374, 375
191/2 376

The table is sufficient to indicate the lack of chronological correlation between the silver and the bronze,3 but there are other features as well to suggest different authorities behind the coins. The bronze coinage never takes over any of the non-Argaeus types from the silver, and the only type unique to it before Marcus Aurelius — the pyramid which appears under Trajan — never occurs on silver. It is hardly surprising that the names of provincial governors, known on the local coins from Vespasian through Trajan, never occur on the silver, and the variation in usage on the bronze itself is sufficient to indicate a lack of continuity not characteristic of the silver. Finally, there is no apparent stylistic connection between the silver and the bronze, much less any indication that the same engravers were responsible for the dies.

End Notes

1
In the treatment of the copper coinage of Antoninus Pius and M. Aurelius I have ignored coins S. 319, S. 335, and S. 336 which he suggests are in fact base tetradrachms.
2
The bronzes with tribunician dates and reverse head of Zeus Ammon, S. 339, and S. 341–45, or male head with taenia, S. 342, are ignored.
3
Obviously if, as suggested here, some of the Cappadocian silver was produced at Rome, the chronological argument is superfluous.

4. "GHOSTS"

The coins cited below are all noted by Sydenham, but none has been confirmed during the course of this investigation. Most seem to result from errors of transcription.

1. Titus under Vespasian, didrachm, after 5b. Rev. similar to 5a but ETOY Θ

Ref.: S. 104.

Doc.: None.

Finds: None.

Sydenham cites Baldwin 34, but the coins she describes there are drachms; he misreads the commentary, which gives this legend only for drachms.

2. Trajan, didrachm, after 50. Obv. A[YTOKP(?)] KAIC NEPOYAC TPAIANOC CEBAC ΓEPM, head laureate r. Rev. YΠAT ΔEYT, Mt. Argaeus.

Ref.: S. 158.

Doc.: None.

Finds: None.

Sydenham cites BMCGalatia, p. 53, 45. That coin shows no traces of the legend given in both catalogues, and the placement of what is legible is consistent with the standard reading.

3. Trajan, didrachm, after 80b. Obv. AYT KAIC NEP TPAIANω APICTω CEB..., bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind. Rev. ΔHMAPX EΞ YΠATO ς female bust (Artemis?) l. in chiton, spear in r., patera in l.

Ref.: S. 201 (Johnson coll.).

Doc.: None.

Finds: None.

No doubt there has been a slip in recording the obverse legend.

4. Hadrian, didrachm, after 84. Obv. AYTO KAIC TPAI AΔPIANOC CEBACT, bust laureate r., aegis. Rev. ET Δ, Mt. Argaeus surmounted by Helios standing l., globe in r., scepter in l.

Ref.: S. 259 (Johnson coll.).

Doc.: None.

Finds: None.

5. Hadrian, didrachm, after 113. Obv. AΔPIANOC CEBACTIOC, bust 1. Rev. YPATOC Γ ΠATHP ΠATPIΔOC, Tyche standing l., rudder in r., cornucopia in l.

Ref.: S. 277a, citing ANS.

Doc.: None.

Finds: None.

The coin is not in the ANS. The hemidrachm S. 277b, said to be similar but to have no visible legend, has also been omitted from the catalogue.

6. Antoninus Pius, didrachm. Obv. ANTΩNEINOC CEBACTOC, head r. Rev. YΠATOC A ΠATHP ΠATPIΔOC, club.

Ref.: S. 295 from Mionnet 4, p. 415, 58.

Doc.: None.

Finds: None.

Sydenham himself doubted Mionne's description. Without, apparently, seeking out the coin, B. Pick defended the reality of such readings as image πaτoς A' (against his own earlier rejection of the coin), pp. 193— 94. The piece, which Mionnet cited from Paris, is not there today.

7. Antoninus Pius, didrachm, after 118. Obv. ANTωNEINOC CEBACTOC, head laureate r. Rev. YΠA B ΠA ΠATP Mt. Argaeus surmounted by Helios.

Ref.: S. 301a, cited in Malloy's appendix, is known only from Seaby, Greek Coins and Their Values 2 (London, 1966), 2034, without further reference.

Doc.: None.

Finds: None.

8. Commodus. Obv. AYT M AYPH KOMO ANTωNINOC C, head laureate r. Rev. YΠATOΣ Γ ΠAT ΠATPI, Nike advancing l., wreath and palm.

Ref.: S. 369, citing BMCGalatia.

Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 71, 206, where the legend is entirely restored.

Finds: None.

5. CONCORDANCE, SYDENHAM AND METCALF

Sydenham Metcalf
Vespasian 89 1
90 2
91 9
92 3
93 16
94 17
95 18
96 7
97 8
98–101 copper
102 4
103 5a
104 12, Ghosts 1
105 5b
106 10
107 14
108 6a
108a 6e
109 13
110 6b
111 6c
Sydenham Metcalf
112 6d
113 11
113a 11
114 15
115 15
Titus 116 19
117–20 copper
Domitian 121 20
122 21
123 22
124 23
125 30
126 24
127 25
128 26
129 27
130 28
130a 29
131–35 copper
Nerva 136 31
137 32
138 37a
139 37b
140 38a
141 38b
142 39a
143 39b
144 40
145 35
146 33
147 36
148 34
149 41
149a 42
150 43
151 44
Sydenham Metcalf
152 46
153 45
154 47
Trajan 155 348
156 49
157 50a
158 Ghosts 2
159 51a
160 51b
161 51b
162 52
162a 57
163 53
164 54a
165 54b
166 59a
167 55a
168 55b
169 60
170 60
171 56
171a 57
172 61
173 Not Caesarea
174 58
175–90 Not Caesarea
191 65c
192 65d
193 65c
194 75d
195 64a
195a 64d
195b 64b
196 64c
196a 64e
197 64b
Sydenham Metcalf
198 70b
199 74e
200 80b
201 Ghosts 3
202 Not Caesarea
203 66c
204–6 Not Caesarea
207 77b
208 76a
209 76a
210 67d
210a 67a
211 77c
211a 67c
212 72
213 63c
214 63c
214a 63e
215 63a
216 69a
217 73a
218 78a
219–20 Not Caesarea
221 77b
222 77a
223 83b
224–27 Not Caesarea
228–51 copper
Hadrian 252 105
253 102
254 88
254a 89
255 86a
256 86b
257 85
258 84
Sydenham Metcalf
259 Ghosts 4
260 87
261 90a
262 91a
262a 91b
263 92a
263a 106
264 92b
265 94
265a 94
266 93d
266a 93b
267 107
268 95a
268a 95b
269 96d
270 96b
270a 96a
271 108a
272 97
273 98
274 109
275 111
276 110
277 112
277a–b Ghosts 5
278 113b
278a 113a
279 114
280 99
281 100
282 101
282a 115
283a 103
284–291 copper
Antoninus Pius 292 116b
Sydenham Metcalf
292a 116a
292b 116f
293 116c
294 117
295 Ghosts 6
296 118b
297 118c
298 120b
299 120a
300 121
301 123
301a Ghosts 7
301b 125
301c 124a
302 126
303 126
304 127a
304a 127b
305–20 copper
M. Aurelius 321 129a
322 129c
323 129b
324 129h
325 129f
326 129f
327 130a
327a 130g?
328 130b
329 130d
330 130f
331 130f
331a 130a
332 130b
333 137
333a 134
334 133
Sydenham Metcalf
335–50 copper
L. Verus 351 131f
352 131a
353 132d
354 132a
355 132b
356 132c
357 132d
358 132a
358a–61 copper
Commodus 362 138a
363 140
364 142a–b
365 145b
366 148d
366a 148b
367 148f
368 149a
369 149c, Ghosts 8
369a 152b
370 152c
370a 146c
370b Not confirmed
370c 152a
371 Not confirmed
372a 155f
372b 155i
372c 157b
373 157d
373a 157b
373c–386 copper

INDICES

References throughout are to numbers in the conspectus only. Each entry in the conspectus makes further reference to coins in the Caesarea hoard.

1. OBVERSE LEGENDS

AΔPIANOC CEBACTOC 92–102, 106–15 (Hadrian).

ANTΩNINOC CEBACTOC 124 (Antoninus Pius).

AY M AYP KOMO ANTωNEINOC CE 146c, 147b, 150 (Commodus).

AY MAP AYP KOM ANTωNEINOC CEB 147a, 151, 153, 154a (Commodus).

AYT KAI ΔOMIT CEBACTOC ΓEPM ΔOMITIA CEBACTH 28, 29 (Domitian and Domitia).

AYT KAI ΔOMITIANOC CEBACTOC ΓEPM 20–27, 30 (Domitian).

AYT KAI NEPOYAC TPAIANOC CEBAC ΓEPM 48, 50–52 (Trajan).

AYT KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB ΓEPM 53–62 (Trajan).

AYT KAIC TPAIAN AΔPIANOC CEB 90, 91 (Hadrian).

AYT KAICAP TIT YIOC CEBACTOY OYECΠACI 14 (Titus under Vespasian).

AYT M AYP KO ANTωNINO 155k (Commodus).

AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNEINOC 145a (Commodus).

AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNEINOC CE 146b (Commodus).

AYT M AYP KOMO ANTω 155j (Commodus).

AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNI 145c, 155i, 157d (Commodus).

AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNIN 155h (Commodus).

AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNINO 155g (Commodus).

AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNINO CE 148e, 149i (Commodus).

AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNINOC 145b, 148d, 149b, 149h, 149j, 155b, 155f, 156, 157c, 157g (Commodus).

AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNINOC C 148c, 149d, 149g, 152b, 155a, 155e, 157b, 157f, 157h (Commodus).

AYT M AYP KOMO ANTωNINOC CE 148b, 149a, 149f, 152a, 152c, 155d, 1551, 157a, 157e (Commodus).

AYT M AYPH KOMO ANTωNINOC C 146a, 149c, 154c (Commodus).

AYT TPAIANOC CEB ΔHM EΞ YΠAT B 49 (Trajan).

AYTO KAI OYECΠACIANOC CEBACTOY YIOC 10 (Titus under Vespasian)

AYTO KAIC TPAI AΔPIANOC CEBACT 84–89 (Hadrian).

AYTO M AYP KOMO ANTωNINOC 155c (Commodus).

AYTO M AYP KOMOΔOC AN CE 148a, 149e, 154b (Commodus).

AYTOKP ANTωNEINO CEB 133–37 (Marcus Aurelius with Commodus).

AYTOKP ANTωNEINOC CEB 120–30 (Marcus Aurelius with Lucius Verus).

AYTOKP ANTωNEINOC CEBACTOC 116–23, 125–28 (Antoninus Pius).

AYTOKP KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB ΓEPM ΔAK 63–67, 69–72 (Trajan).

AYTOKP KAIC NEP TPAIANω APICTω CEB ΓEPM ΔAK 74–78, 80–83 (Trajan).

AYTOKP OYHPOC CEBACTOC 131–32 (Lucius Verus).

AYTOKPA KAICAP OYECΠACIANOC CEBA 16–18 (Vespasian).

AYTOKPA KAICAP OYECΠACIANOC CEBACTOC 1–9, 12–13 (Vespasian).

AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC 31–35, 44–45 (Nerva).

AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC ΓEPM 36, 46, 47 (Nerva).

AYTOKPA NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC YΠATΓ 37b, 38b, 39b, 40 (Nerva).

AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC YΠAT Γ 37a, 38a, 39a (Nerva).

AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC YΠAT Δ 41–43 (Nerva).

AYTOKPATωP TITOC KAICAP CEBA 19 (Titus).

ΔOMITIANOC KAICAP CEBACTOY YIOC 15 (Domitian under Vespasian).

KAI ΔOMITIANOC CEBACTOY YIO 11 (Domitian under Vespasian).

KOMMOΔω KAI CEB YIω 138a–b, 142 (Commodus with Marcus Aurelius).

KOMMOΔω KAIC CEB YIω 139–41, 143, 144 (Commodus with Marcus Aurelius).

CEBACTOC AΔPIANOC 103–5 (Hadrian).

IMP CAES NER TRAIANO OPTIMO AVG GER DAC 79 (Trajan).

IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS VI P P 68 (Trajan).

2. REVERSE LEGENDS

Anepigraphic 16–18 (Vespasian), 19 (Titus), 20 (Domitian), 88–89 (Hadrian).

AYTO KAI OYECΠACIANOC CEBACTOY YIOC 4 (Vespasian).

ΓEPMAN CAPMAT 138–41, 144 (Commodus with Marcus Aurelius).

ΔHM EΞ YΠAT B 53–57, 59–62 (Trajan).

ΔHM EΞ YΠAT Γ 62? (Trajan).

ΔHMAPX EΞ YΠAT Γ 90, 91 (Hadrian).

ΔHMAPX EΞ YΠATO ζ 63–83 (Trajan).

ΔHMOY EΛEYΘ 37a–b, 41 (Nerva).

ΔOMETIANOC KAICAP CEB YIO ET Θ 6d (Vespasian).

ΔOMITIA CEBACTH 27 (Domitian).

ΔOMITIANOC KAICAP CEB YI ET Θ 6b, 13 (Vespasian).

ΔOMITIANOC KAICAP CEB YIO ET Θ 6a (Vespasian).

ΔOMITIANOC KAICAP CEBA Yl ET Θ 6e (Vespasian).

ΔOMITTIANOC KAICAP CEB YIO ET Θ 6c (Vespasian).

ET Δ 84–86 (Hadrian).

ET E 87 (Hadrian).

ETO IΓ 21–26, 28–30 (Domitian).

ETOYC EKTOY 7 (Vespasian).

ETOYC EBΔOMOY 8 (Vespasian).

EYΘHNIA CEBACTH ET Θ 15 (Domitian under Vespasian).

EYCEBEIA 116a–e (Antoninus Pius).

ΘEOC NEPOYAC ΠATHP TPAIANOY CEBACTOY 48 (Trajan).

ΘEOC NEPOYAC CEBACTOC 49 (Trajan).

NIKH CEBACTH 1, 2, 9 (Vespasian); 10 (Titus under Vespasian).

NIKH CEBACTH ET Θ 14 (Titus under Domitian).

OMON CTPAT 31, 38a–b, 42 (Nerva).

OMONOIA CEB 11 (Domitian under Vespasian).

ΠATHP ΠATPI YΠATOC TO Γ 104 (Hadrian).

ΠATHP ΠATPIΔOC 3 (Vespasian).

ΠPONOIA 117 (Antoninus Pius).

CAPMAT ΓEPMAN 142–43 (Commodus with Marcus Aurelius).

TITOC AYTOKPATΩP KAICAP ET Θ 5b (Vespasian).

TITOC AYTOKPATΩP KAICAP ETOY Θ 12 (Vespasian).

TITOC AYTOKPATQP KAICAP ETOYC Θ 5a (Vespasian).

TYXH CEBACTOY 32, 39a–b, 43 (Nerva).

YΠA ΠAT ΠATPIΔOC 102 (Hadrian).

YΠAT B ΠA ΠATP 124a (Antoninus Pius).

YΠAT B ΠAT ΠATP 124b (Antoninus Pius).

YΠAT ΔEYT 50–52 (Trajan).

YΠATOC B 118–22 (Antoninus Pius), 131–132 (Lucius Verus).

YΠATOC B ΠAT ΠATP 123 (Antoninus Pius).

YΠATOC Γ 125 (Antoninus Pius); 129–30, 133–37 (Marcus Aurelius).

YΠATOC Γ ΠA ΠATPIΔOC 149j (Commodus).

YΠATOC Γ ΠAT ΠAT 146b–c, 147a–b, 152c (Commodus).

YΠATOC Γ ΠAT ΠATP 151 (Commodus).

YΠATOC Γ ΠAT ΠATPI 148a–f, 149e-i, 150, 152b, 154b (Commodus).

YΠATOC Γ ΠAT ΠATPIΔ 146a, 149d (Commodus).

YΠATOC Γ ΠAT ΠATPIΔOC 149a–c, 152a, 153, 154a (Commodus).

YΠATOC Γ ΠATHP ΠAT 92a–b, 106 (Hadrian).

YΠATOC Γ ΠATHP ΠATP 93–98, 107–9 (Hadrian).

YΠATOC Γ ΠATHP ΠATPIΔOC 99–101, 110–15 (Hadrian).

YΠATOC Δ ΠAT ΠA 1551 (Commodus).

YΠATOC Δ ΠAT ΠAT 157h (Commodus).

YΠATOC Δ ΠAT ΠATP 126, 128 (Antoninus Pius); 157e-f (Commodus).

YΠATOC Δ ΠAT ΠATPI 155c-k, 156, 157a-d (Commodus).

YΠATOC Δ ΠAT ΠATT 157g (Commodus).

YΠATOC Δ ΠAT ΠATPIΔOC 127a (Antoninus Pius); 155a–b (Commodus).

YΠATOC Δ ΠATHP ΠATPIΔOC 127b (Antoninus Pius).

YΠATOC ΠAT ΠATPIΔOC 145a–c (Commodus).

YΠATOC TO Γ ΠATHP ΠATPI 103, 105 (Hadrian).

YΠATOY TETAPTOY 44–47 (Nerva).

YΠATOY TPITOY 33–36, 40 (Nerva).

3. OBVERSE TYPES

Unless otherwise noted, the head or bust is that of the emperor.

Head r.: 116a, 118a, 119a, 120a, 122 (Antoninus Pius); 129a, 130a (Marcus Aurelius with Lucius Verus); 131a, 132a (Lucius Verus).

Head laureate l.: 103–5 (Hadrian).

Head laureate r.: 1–9, 12–13, 16–18 (Vespasian); 10, 14 (Titus under Vespasian); 11, 15 (Domitian under Vespasian); 19 (Titus); 20–30 (Domitian); 31–47 (Nerva); 48, 49, 50a, 51a, 52, 53, 54a, 55a, 56–58, 59a, 60–62, 76c (Trajan); 91a, 92a, 93a, 94, 95a, 96a, 97–101, 106, 107, 108a, 110, 111, 113, 115 (Hadrian); 116b, 118b, 119b, 120b, 121, 123–28 (Antoninus Pius); 129b, 130b (Marcus Aurelus with Lucius Verus); 131b, 132b (Lucius Verus); 145–146, 149, 152–57 (Commodus).

Head (of Domitian) laureate r. facing bust of Domitia l., draped, wearing stephane: 28, 29.

Bust r., drapery on l. shoulder: 116c, 119c, 120c (Antoninus Pius); 129c, 130c (Marcus Aurelius with Lucius Verus).

Bust r., draped: 116d, 117 (Antoninus Pius); 141a (Commodus with Marcus Aurelius).

Bust r., draped, seen from behind: 131c, 132c (Lucius Verus).

Bust (of Domitia) r., draped, wearing stephane: 27.

Bust r., cuirassed, seen from behind: 129e, 130e (Marcus Aurelius with Lucius Verus); 131d, 132d (Lucius Verus).

Bust r., draped, cuirassed: 140, 141a, 142b, 143, 144 (Commodus with Marcus Aurelius).

Bust r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind: 129g, 130g (Marcus Aurelius with Lucius Verus); 131f, 132e (Lucius Verus); 138b, 139, 141b, 144 (Commodus with Marcus Aurelius).

Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder: 55b, 59b, 63a, 64a, 65a, 66a, 67a, 69a, 70a, 71a, 73a, 74a, 75a, 76a, 77a, 78a, 82a (Trajan); 84, 85, 86a, 87–89, 90b, 91b, 92b, 95b, 96b, 108b (Hadrian); 116e, 118c, 119d, 120d (Antoninus Pius); 129d, 130d (Marcus Aurelius with Lucius Verus); 147, 148, 150, 151 (Commodus).

Bust laureate r., drapery on l. shoulder, aegis: 63b, 64b, 65b, 66b, 67b, 73b, 74b, 77a (Trajan); 93b, 96c (Hadrian).

Bust laureate r., ciurassed: 74c, 75b, 82c (Trajan).

Bust laureate r., cuirassed, seen from behind: 129f, 130f (Marcus Aurelius with Lucius Verus); 131e, 132f (Lucius Verus).

Bust laureate r., draped: 54b, 69b, 78b, 80a, 83a (Trajan); 90a, 91c, 96d, 112, 114 (Hadrian); 116f (Antoninus Pius).

Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind: 63c, 64c, 65c, 66c, 67c, 70b, 71b, 72, 74d, 75c, 76b, 77b, 78c, 80b, 81a, 82b, 83b (Trajan).

Bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind, globe beneath: 63e, 64e, 65e, 66e, 67d (Trajan).

Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed: 73c, 74e, 75d, 77c, 81b, 82c, 83c (Trajan); 86b, 90c, 93c, 109 (Hadrian).

Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen from behind: 50b, 51b, 63d, 64d, 65d, 66d, 68, 71A, 79: (Trajan); 108c (Hadrian); 119e (Antoninus Pius); 129h, 130h (Marcus Aurelius with Lucius Verus); 133–37 (Marcus Aurelius with Commodus).

Bust r., radiate, draped: 93d (Hadrian).

Bust (of youthful male) r., radiate, draped, club over shoulder: 102 (Hadrian).

4. REVERSE TYPES

Altar, garlanded, with three grain stalks: 133 (Marcus Aurelius with Commodus); 138 (Commodus with Marcus Aurelius).

Amazon bust l., long curls on neck, bipennis over r. shoulder: 34 (Nerva).

Apollo standing l., olive branch in r., bow and arrow in l.: 65, 75 (Trajan).

Athena, see also temple, hexastyle.

Athena standing r., owl in r., spear in l.: 23, 30 (Domitian); 28 (Domitian and Domitia).

Athena standing r., head l., Nike in r., shield on ground in l.: 115 (Hadrian).

Bust l., spear held upright in r., patera in l.: 22 (Domitian).

Bust l., spear held upright in r., patera in l., above, thunderbolt: 21 (Domitian).

Bust of youthful male r., draped, club over shoulder: 102 (Hadrian).

Clasped hands holding standard on prow: 31, 38, 42 (Nerva); 56, 61, 71A, 77, 83 (Trajan).

Club, handle at top: 24 (Domitian); 33, 36, 45, 47 (Nerva); 52, 57, 62 (Trajan); 85, 98, 99, 103 (Hadrian); 127 (Antoninus Pius); 137 (Marcus Aurelius with Commodus); 142, 143 (Commodus with Marcus Aurelius).

Club, handle at top, to l., star: 100 (Hadrian).

Club, handle at top, to l., crescent; to r., star: 154 (Commodus).

Club handle at top, to l., star; to r., crescent: 101 (Hadrian); 153 (Commodus).

Club, handle at bottom: 63, 69, 73, 78 (Trajan).

Domitia bust r., draped, wearing stephane: 27 (Domitian).

Domitian head laureate r., facing bust of Domitia draped l., wearing stephane 27 (Domitian).

Domitian togate standing l., olive branch in r.: 6, 13 (Vespasian).

Eagle standing front, head l.: 114 (Hadrian).

Eagle standing front on club, head r.: 140 (Commodus with Marcus Aurelius).

Eagle standing front on club, head l.: 141 (Commodus with Marcus Aurelius).

Eagle standing l., head r.: 136a (Marcus Aurelius with Commodus).

Eagle standing r., head l.: 136b (Marcus Aurelius with Commodus).

Eirene standing l., grain stalks in r., scepter in l.: 60 (Trajan).

Eleutheria standing l., pileus in r., rod in l.: 37, 41 (Nerva); 54, 59 (Trajan).

Emperor, holding laurel branch and scepter, standing in quadriga r.: 20 (Domitian).

Eusebeia standing l., raising r. over altar, l. covered by peplos: 116 (Antoninus Pius).

Euthenia seated r., holding two grain stalks: 15 (Domitian under Vespasian).

Female bust (Artemis?) l. in chiton, spear in r., patera in l: 64, 70, 74, 80 (Trajan).

Female bust (Hera?) l. wearing headdress, short scepter in each hand: 58 (Trajan).

Female figure: see temple, hexastyle.

Homonoia seated l., patera in r., scepter in l.: 11 (Domitian under Vespasian).

Male figure bearded, helmeted in military dress, standing front, head r., spear in r., shield in l.: 51 (Trajan).

Male figure standing l., spear in l., shield on ground in r.: 134 (Marcus Aurelius with Commodus); see also temple.

Mt. Argaeus: 122 (Antoninus Pius).

Mt. Argaeus, Helios on summit, radiate, standing l., globe in r., scepter in l.: 3, 7, 8, 16 (Vespasian); 26 (Domitian); 35, 40, 44, 46 (Nerva); 50, 55 (Trajan); 84, 90–93, 106, 107 (Hadrian); 118–20, 123, 126, 128 (Antoninus Pius); 129 (Marcus Aurelius); 131 (Lucius Verus); 144 (Commodus with Marcus Aurelius); 146, 147 (Commodus).

Mt. Argaeus, star in exergue: 124 (Antoninus Pius).

Mt. Argaeus, to l., star; to r., crescent: 94 (Hadrian).

Mt. Argaeus surmounted by crescent: 104 (Hadrian).

Mt. Argaeus surmounted by star: 95 (Hadrian); 121, 125 (Antoninus Pius); 130 (Marcus Aurelius); 132 (Lucius Verus); 145, 148, 155 (Commodus).

Mt. Argaeus surmounted by star, to l. and r., stars: 96 (Hadrian).

Mt. Argaeus surmounted by three stars: 108 (Hadrian).

Mt. Argaeus surmounted by wreath: 97 (Hadrian).

Mt. Argaeus of varying design, generally grotto at bottom containing cult stone, flanked by two pyramidal objects; at top, second grotto, sometimes with flame; trees on slopes of mountain: 67, 68, 71, 76, 81 (Trajan).

Nerva head laureate r.: 48, 49 (Trajan).

Nike advancing r., wreath in r., palm in l.: 1, 2, 9 (Vespasian); 10, 14, 17 (Titus under Vespasian); 19 (Titus); 25, 29 (Domitian); 72, 82 (Trajan); 86–88, 109 (Hadrian); 151 (Commodus).

Nike advancing l., wreath in r., palm in l.: 149, 150, 156 (Commodus).

Nike advancing r. on globe, wreath in r., palm in l.: 152, 157 (Commodus).

Nike seated r. on globe, wreath in lap: 18 (Vespasian).

Nike standing r., foot on step, inscribing shield: 89 (Hadrian).

Pronoia standing l., resting l. elbow on column, spear in l., at feet globe: 117 (Antoninus Pius).

Temple, tetrastyle, within Tyche standing l., rudder in r., cornucopia in l.: 110, 111 (Hadrian).

Temple, tetrastyle, within helmeted male figure standing l., spear in l., shield on ground in r.: 135 (Marcus Aurelius with Commodus).

Temple, hexastyle, on podium of three steps, within female figure standing l., spear in l., shield on ground in r.: 139 (Commodus).

Titus, head laureate r.: 4 (Vespasian).

Titus in military dress standing l., spear in r., sword and paludamentum in l.: 5, 12 (Vespasian).

Tyche standing l., rudder in r., cornucopia in l.: 32, 39, 43 (Nerva); 53, 66 (Trajan); 105, 112, 113 (Hadrian). See also temple.

KEY TO PLATES 52–54

Plate 52

Plate 53

Plate 54

BACK

PLATES

Plate 1 Vespasian

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Plate 2 Vespasian

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Plate 3 Vespasian, 38–52; Domitian, 53–57

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Plate 4 Domitian

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Plate 5 Domitian

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Plate 6 Domitian

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Plate 7 Domitian

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Plate 8 Domitian

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Plate 9 Nerva, 151–60; Trajan, 161–68

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Plate 10 Trajan

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Plate 11 Trajan

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Plate 12 Trajan

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Plate 13 Trajan

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Plate 14 Trajan

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Plate 15 Trajan

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Plate 16 Trajan

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Plate 17 Trajan

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Plate 18 Trajan

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Plate 19 Trajan

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Plate 20 Trajan

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Plate 21 Trajan

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Plate 22 Trajan

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Plate 23 Trajan

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Plate 24 Trajan

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Plate 25 Trajan

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Plate 26 Trajan

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Plate 27 Trajan

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Plate 28 Hadrian

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Plate 29 Antonius Pius, 528–32; M. Aurelius, 533–44

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Plate 30 M. Aurelius

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Plate 31 M. Aurelius

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Plate 32 M. Aurelius

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Plate 33 M. Aurelius

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Plate 34 M. Aurelius

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Plate 35 M. Aurelius

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Plate 36 M. Aurelius

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Plate 37 M. Aurelius

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Plate 38 M. Aurelius

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Plate 39 Lucius Verus

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Plate 40 Lucius Verus

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Plate 41 Lucius Verus

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Plate 42 Lucius Verus

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Plate 43 Lucius Verus

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Plate 44 Lucius Verus

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Plate 45 Commodus

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Plate 46 Commodus

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Plate 47 Commodus

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Plate 48 Commodus

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Plate 49 Commodus

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Plate 50 Commodus

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Plate 51 Commodus, 914–31; Denarius of Domitian, 932

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Plate 52 Conspectus Coins

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Plate 53 Conspectus Coins

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Plate 54 Conspectus Coins

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