Coinage of the Umayyads of Spain, Part 2

Author
Miles, George Carpenter, 1904-1975
Publisher
American Numismatic Society
Place
New York
Date
Source
Donum
Source
Worldcat
Source
Worldcat Works

License

CC BY-NC

Acknowledgement

Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program.

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Table of Contents

FRONT

BODY

THE CALIPHATE

ABÜ'L-MUṬARRIF 'ABD AL-RAḤMĀN III AL-NĀṢIR LI-DÏN ALLĀH

185. 316 A. H. = 928/9 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

(a) لا اله الا الله

وحده لا شريك له

لامير المؤمنين

عبد الرحمن

M.: بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم

بالاندلس سنة ست عشرة و ثلثمائة

الله احد الله

الصمد لم يلد و

لم يولد و لم يكون

له كفوا احد

M.: Q. IX, 33.

V. 347 [Madrid], C. pl. VI, p. 77 [Cerda + 2], Cerda 121, R. 154.

(b) "Beneath kelima":

As (a).

عبد الرحمن

Bodleian 93.

186. 316 A. H. = 928/9 A. D.

Sikkat Al-Andalus

Silver.

(a) ∴

لا اله الا الله

وحده لا شريك له

محمد رسول الله

image

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX, 33.

M.: بسم الله ضرب بسكة الاندلس سنة ست

[عشرة و ثلثـ [مائة

Here, and in ensuing years, where محمد رسول الله is in the area, the marginal legend begins with ارسله; that is, محمد رسول الله is not repeated in the margin, area and margin to be read together as one continuous declaration.

P. 188 = Longpérier, p. 7.

These issues of the year 316 are the first of 'Abd al-Raḥmān III's that can be accepted as authentic. Conde (p. 246) described a dirhem of the year 301, but this was doubtless a purely imaginary coin, the date having been selected as a vehicle to illustrate the legends employed by the new Cahph1. Brethes' unique dirhem of the year 305 (no. 481) is rejected on the grounds of Brethes' established unreliability; the support of a sales-catalogue specimen of the same date (Gagarine, 492, "mit Abd (?)") is insufficient.

Castiglioni's reference to a dirhem of 310 A. H., mentioned by Tychsen is inadequately documeneed2.

187. 317 A. H. = 929/30 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar. ∴

لا اله الا

(الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: Q. IX, 33.

محمد

رسول الله

لامير المؤمنين

عبد الرحمن

M.: mint-date.

Plate iv

HSA 14170 (4.13; 19 mm.) = C. pl. VI, pp. 77–8, V. 349 [Codera, Vives] = (probably) DR. 35 = DR., Arte Monetario, I, 5.

(b) Dinar. Details lacking.

BM uncat.

(c) One-third dinar. Apparently similar to (a).

V. 350 [Gayangos, Vives].

Silver.

(d) Annulets: Ο Ο Ο Ο Ο

لا اله الا الله

وحده لا شريك له

لامير المؤمنين

عبد الرحمن

Area: Q. CII.

/image (Berlin)

M.: mint-date.

M.: Q. IX, 33.

V. 348 [Gayangos, Vives (2)], B. 168.

(e) ∴

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد رسول الله

image

image

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

Floral ornament?

M.: traces of Q. IX, 33?

M.: ......(⸮) الاندلس سنة سبع ....

HSA 13567 (2.64) = Dos Santos 2999.

While the date of this coin is very obscure and uncertain, the style is typical of the issues of the period 316–320 A.H.

(f) لا اله الا الله As (e), ornaments not described.

وحده لا شريك له

محمد رسول الله

M.: Q. IX, 33.

V. 353 [Vives (2)].

M.: mint-date.

(g) As (f) Area as (e) but /ايده الله

image

Inner M.: min-date.

Outer M.: Q. XXX, 3–4.

V. 352 [Vives] = (probably) DR. 36 = DR., Arte Monetario, I, 6.

(h) Details lacking.

C. [6?], Gagarine.

188. 317 A. H. = 929/30 A. D.

Sikkat Al-Andalus

Silver.

لا اله الا الله

وحده لا شريك له

محمد رسول الله

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q, IX, 33.

M.: بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم بسكة etc. ... الاندلس

V. 355 [Paris, Vives].

Vives' atrribution of a Paris specimen is not confirmed by Lavoix.

189. 318 A. H. = 930 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد رسول الله

الامام الناصر

لدين الله

عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX, 33.

Inner M.: min-date.

Outer M.: Q. XXX, 3–4.

V. 359 [Gayangos].

(b) One-third dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد

رسول الله

لامير المؤمنين

عبد الرحمن

M.: ?

M.: mint-date.

V. 351 [Gayangos, Vives], Longpérier, p. 7 (?).

Silver.

(c) ∴

لا اله الا الله

وحده لا شريك له

محمد رسول الله

image

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

image

M.: Q. IX, 33.

M.: mint-date.

Plate iv

HSA 14448 (2.44), V. 354 [Gayangos (2), Codera, Vives (4)].

190. 318 A. H.= 930 A. D.

Sikkat Al-Andalus

Silver.

(a) •

image

وحده لا شريك له

محمد رسول الله

image

M.: Q. IX, 33.

Ο

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

Ο

Inner M.: بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم etc. ...... بسكة الاندلس

Outer M.: Q. IX, 33.

V. 356 [Gayangos] = C. pl. VI, p. 79.

(b) As (a) but image/image

image

الامام

الناصر لدين الله

امير المؤمنين

عبد الرحمن

Single M.: mint-date as (a).

HSA 14451 (2.20, damaged & pierced), V. 367 [Codera].

The Hispanic Society specimen may well be Codera's.

(c) As (a). الامام الناصر

لدين الله

عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: as (b).

V. 358 [Vives].

(d) Details lacking.

Cerda 122.

(e) Details lacking (الاندلس or سكة الاندلس?).

C. [4], BM uncat.

191. 319 A. H. = 931 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar. Details lacking.

Cerda 123.

(b) One-third dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: ?

V. 351 bis (p. 390) [Vives].

محمد

رسول الله

لامير المؤمنين

عبد الرحمن

M.: mint-date.

(c) One-quarter dinar.

As (b) but (at left side, and image/

B. 165.

As (b) but /∴

In all probability (b) and (c) are the same issue, although Vives calls his specimen a third-dinar.

Silver.

(d) ∴ (HSA)

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد رسول الله

M.: Q. IX, 33.

image (HSA)

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: mint-date. بالاندلس terminates in a downward flourish.

Plate iv

HSA 14450 (2.93), V. 360 [Gayangos], C. [5], R. 155 [2 var.].

192. 319 A. H.= 931 A. D.

No Mint.

Gold.

(a) One-third dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: Q. IX, 33.

V. 361 [Vives].

محمد رسول

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: ... ضرب هذا الدينر سنة تسع ...

(b) One-quarter dinar. Details lacking (no mint, or mint effaced?).

Cerda 124.

193. 31x (or date effaced) [316–319 A. H.) = 928–931 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

One-quarter dinar.

لا اله الا

( الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: Q. IX, 33.

image (not always present)

محمد

رسول الله

لامير المؤمنين

عبد الرحمن

M.: mint-date.

Plate iv

HSA 14177, 14179 (1.05, 0.92; 12, 11 mm.), ANS (1.05; 13 mm.), Østrup 2239 (perhaps?), Sotheby (perhaps?).

194. 320 A. H.= 932 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

(a) لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: Q. IX, 33.

V. 363 [Gayangos, Vives (3)].

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: mint-date.

(b) image

الله وحده لا

شريك له محمد

رسول

M.: Q. IX, 33.

HSA 14452 (2.43, fragmentry).

As (a).

(e) As (b) but margins exchanged.

V. 364 [Gayangos (2), Vives (3)], GT. 5837, R. 156 [2 var.].

(d) As (a).

As (a) but ايده/الله

M.: mint-date.

HSA 14453 (2.80), ANS (2 spec., 2.52, 2.81 twice pierced), V. 365

[Codera, Campaner].

(e) As (a).

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

ايده الله

M.: mint-date.

V. 366 [Vives].

(f) Mint effaced, presumably Al-Andalus.

As (a) but /يحـي

Area as (e).

M.: .. فى سنة عشرين... ما ... (V.)

V. 371 [Vives], C. pl. VI, pp. 79–80 [Madrid + 1] = R. 157.

(g) Mint and date effaced, but presumably 320 and Al-Andalus.

As (a) but ابن يونس/يحـي

V. 372 [Vives].

Area as (e).

M.: ....... بسم الله

(h) As (g) but mint and date preserved.

V. 373 [Vives].

As (a).

(i) Details lacking except obv. بن [ابن] يونس/ يحـي

C. [1], Cerda 125.

(j) Details lacking except obv. /محمد

C. [Camerino + 1].

(k) Details lacking but apparently no auxiliary name.

C. [6].

(l) Details lacking.

Cordoba.

195. 320 A.H. = 932 A. D.

No Mint (or effaced?)

Gold.

"One-third" dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: Q., IX, 33.

V. 362 [Academia, Vives].

محمد رسول

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: ......... ـنة عشرين و ثلثما ....

196. Ca. 316–320 A. H. = ca. 928–932 A. D.

Mint lacking or effaced

Silver.

(a) لا اله الا الله

وحده لا شريك له

محمد رسول الله

M.: Q. IX, 33; one letter, mostly off flan, ends in floral flourish.

HSA 14449 (3.08).

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: .... الله ضرب ....

(b) As (a) but no symbol above area.

As (a) but image/image

Both(?) margins have traces of Q. IX, 33(?).

HSA 13571 (1.92 damaged).

General epigraphical characteristics and style are the clear criteria for attributing these coins to the approximate period 316–320 A. H.

197. Date effaced. Ca. 319–320 A. H. = ca. 931–932 A. D.

No Mint

Gold.

One-quarter dinar.

لا اله الا

(الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: Q. IX, 33.

محمد رسول

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: date.

On one specimen there appears to be •••• at the top of the obverse area, but these are probably simply the lowest parts of the beginning of the marginal legend.

HSA 14175 (0.99; 13 mm.), ANS (1.01; 12 mm.).

End Notes

1
Codera (Títulos, p. 10) was certain that "la moneda que le sirvió de modelo" was later than 320.
2
Cf. Codera, Títulos. p. 10.

COPPER COINS STRUCK UNDER 'ABD AL-RAḤMĀN III, LACKING DATES BUT PROBABLY ATTRIBUTABLE TO PERIOD 300–320 A. H. = 912–932 A. D.

198. A. Al-Andalus

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

image

M.: ... بسم الله ضرب هـ

بالاندلس سنة...مئة

محمد

رسول

الله

image

M.: traces of Q. IX, 33.

P. has a "fleuron" above 2nd line of rev. area.

HSA 14442 (22 mm.) = C. pl. V, no. 10, p. 73, HSA 14444 (21 mm.), P. 178.

Codera correctly observed that his coin, formerly the property of Manuel Almonte of Seville, and now HSA 144421 cannot have been dated in the 3rd century in view of the fragment of the century phrase preserved at the end of the obverse marginal legend. "La palabra مئة cien nos indica que no pertenece á fines del siglo III, pues entonces diria مائتين , 200ino que debe ser del siglo II ó del IV: por su carácter no cabe dudade que es del IV." "Two hundred" would not end thus. The style and the tag-end of the inscription place the coin therefore in the 4th century and doubtless in the early years of that century. It is of interest to note also that Codera stated (p. 73) that "el adorno que se vé en la parte inferior de ambas áreas, se observa en diferentes variedades" of the issues with the name ابن بهلول (see above nos. 181 (i), (j) and (k), and 183). Only the Paris specimen has the mint preserved. Lavoix attributed the coin to the period of ‘Abdullāsh (275–300 A. H.), but in view of the considerations just stated, it is clear that this type was issued under 'Abd al-Raḥmān III.

199. B. Mint effaced or lacking

(a) ⸮ عبد

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

الرحمن

امير

محمد

رسول

الله

المؤمنين

Margins effaced.

V. 367 [Vives].

(b) [⸮ عبد]

لا اله الا الله

وحده لا شريك له

الرحمن

⸮ .....

محمد

رسول الله

المؤمنين

Margins (if any) effaced.

HSA 14446. (20 mm.) = (probably) V. 368 [cast from Codera].

Vives read امير المؤ (?) on the first line of the reverse, but I cannot make this out, and I believe that the bottom line is المؤمنين, and not, as Vives has it, منين (?). However, there is little doubt that we are dealing with the identical coin.

(c) عبد

لا اله الا الله

وحده لا شريك له

الرحمن

No margins (?).

V. 369 [Academia].

محمد

رسول الله

امير المؤمنين

(d) .......

... لا اله الا ا

.... وحده لا شر

.......

Margins, if any, off flan.

HSA 14445 (oblong, 18 x 17 mm.).

⸮ امير

محمد

رسول الله

... المؤ ....

(e) عبد الرحمن

لا اله الا الله

وحده لا شريك له

امير المؤمنين

M.: ..... بسم الله ضرب

V. 370 [Vives].

⸮ ... يحـي

محمد

رسول الله

M.: Q. IX, 33(?).

(f) يحـي

لا اله الا الله

وحده لا شريك له

⸮ ابن يونس

No margins (or effaced).

V. 374 [Gayangos(?), Vives (2)], DR. 37.

عبد الرحمن

محمد

رسول الله

امير المؤمنين

Vives indicates that there are no margins. The Madrid specimen illustrated by Del Rivero, while practically illegible insofar as the name of the official is concerned, seems to show traces of marginal legends.

(g) لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

No margins.

V. 375 [Vives].

محمد

رسول

الله

يحي بن يونس

200. 321 A. H. = 933 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد رسول الله

محمد

M.: Q. IX, 33.

Adquisiciones en 1930, XII, 1, P. y V., Badajoz , 2.

Ο

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: mint-date.

Silver.

(b) لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد

M.: mint-date.

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX, 33.

Plate iv

HSA 14454–6 (2.56, 2.65 twice pierced, 2.60), ANS (2.50 twice pierced), V. 378 [5], C. pl. VI (date wrongly transcribed on p. 80) [6], P. 189–91, B. 169–70, Cerda 127, Cuenca, Delgado, Clasificacion, GT. 5838–9, Longpérier, p. 7, M. p. 72, Østrup 2240, R. 159 = DR., Arte Monetario, I, 7, Bardo, Fitzwilliam 20, Pedersen p. 42.

(c) As (b) but ∴/محمد

As (b).

BM ix, 64t. (Some of the incompletely described specimens under (b), above. may be of this type).

(d) Details lacking, but "mit Said."

Gagarine [2].

(e) Details lacking.

Elche , Low.

Del Rivero (Arte Monetario, I, 12) illustrates a dirhem which he designates 326 A. H., but the digit surely is not 6. It appears to me, not certainly but probably, to be 1. محمد is present beneath the obverse, image above the reverse. This ornament is anomalous for this date. Is it possible that the reverse illustrated is one of the '30's?

201. 321 A.H.= 933 A.D.

No Mint

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد رسول الله

محمد

M.: Q. IX, 33.

V. 376 [Vives], P. y V., Badajoz , 1.

الامام

الله عبد الرحمن

الناصر لدين

امير المؤمنين

M.: date.

(b) One-quarter dinar (or "one-third" or "pequeño").

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد

M.: Q. IX, 33.

محمد

رسول الله

امير المؤمنين

عبد الرحمن

M.: date.

Plate iv

HSA 14178 (1.01), V. 377 [Vives (2)], Cerda 126, R. 158.

202. 322 A. H. = 933/4 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) One-third dinar. Date (or mint?) doubtful.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

سعيد

M.: ـدلس سنة ثنتين ⸮ ... .....وعشرين و ثلثـ

R. 164.

محمد

رسول الله

امير المؤمنين

عبد الرحمن

M.: Q. IX, 33.

Silver.

(b) Area as (a).

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX, 33.

HSA 14457–8 (2.72 twice pierced, 3.13), ANS (2.33), V. 383 [6], C. pl. VI, p. 81 [10], B. 171, Cerda 128, Cuenca [2], M. p. 72, R. 160, Gagarine, BM uncat.

(c) As (b) but obv.∴/سعيد, and relatively crude execution.

HSA 14474 (3.19), B. 172. (Some of the incompletely described specimens under (b), above, may be of this type).

(d) Details lacking.

Cordoba [2], Low.

203. 322 A. H. = 933/4 A. D.

No Mint

Gold.

(a) "One-third" dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد

M.: ?

V. 379 [Madrid?, Gayangos, Vives (2)].

سعيد

رسول الله

امير المؤمنين

عبد الرحمن

M.: date.

204. 323 A. H. = 934/5 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

(a) لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

سعيد

M.: mint-date.

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX, 33.

HSA 14459–60 (2.22 twice pierced, 2.58), ANS (2.74), V. 384 [6]. C. [11], P. 192–3, B. 173, 175, Cuenca, Delgado, Clasificacion, GT. 5841, M. p. 72, R. 161, Bardo, Gagarine. (Some of these specimens may be of type (b), (c) or (d) below).

(b) /سعيد

As (a).

HSA 14461 (2.47 twice pierced).

(c) ∴/سعيد

As (a).

HSA 14462 (2.09 clpd.), B. 174.

(d) image/سعيد

Ο/

BM ii, 65.

(e) Details lacking. Cordoba.

205. 324 A. H. = 935/6 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

(a) لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

سعيد

M.: mint-date.

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX, 33.

HSA 14463–5 (2.68, 2.92, 2.93), ANS (3 spec., 2.92, 3.06, 3.34), V. 385 [4], C. [16], Cerda 128, Cuenca [2], Delgado, Clasification, Lorichs 4773, M. p. 72, R. 162 [3 spec. of 2 var.] Gagarine. (Some of these specimens may be of type (b) or (c) below).

(b)/سعيد

∴/

HSA 14468 (2.94).

(c) ∴/سعيد

As (a).

HSA 14466–7 (3.22, 2.95), BM ii, 66.

(d) Details lacking. Low, Sotheby.

206. 324 A. H. =935/6 A.D.

No Mint

Gold.

(a) One-quarter dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

سعيد

( at left (Berlin).

M.: Q. IX, 33.

V. 380 [Codera], p. 185, B. 166, R. 165.

محمد

رسول الله

امير المؤمنين

عبد الرحمن

M.: date.

207. 325 A. H. = 936/7 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

(a) لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

سعيد

M.: mint-date.

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX, 33.

HSA 14473 (3.58), V. 386 [5], C. [4], Cerda 128, M. p. 72, Gagarine[2].

(b) /سعيد

As (a).

HSA 14469–70 (3.13, 2.54). (Some of the above may be of this type).

(c) Details lacking. sotheby.

208. 325 A.H. = 936/7 A.D.

No Mint

Gold.

One-quarter dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

سعيد

M.: Q. IX, 33.

V. 381 [Vives], R. 166.

محمد

رسول الله

امير المؤمنين

عبد الرحمن

M.: date.

209. 326 A. H. = 937/8 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

(a) لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

سعيد

M.: mint-date.

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX, 33.

HSA 14472 (2.53), ANS (2.71), V. 387 [4], C. [5], Cerda 132, M. p. 72 R. 163 = DR., Monetario, I, 16.

(b) ∴/سعيد

As (a).

HSA 14471 (2.62). (Some of the above may be of this type).

210. 326 A. H. = 937/8 A. D.

No Mint

Gold.

(a) One-quarter dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

سعيد

M.: Q. IX, 33.

V. 382 [Gayangos, Vives (2)], Cerda 131.

محمد

رسول الله

امير المؤمنين

عبد الرحمن

M.: date.

211. 327 A. H. = 938/9 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

(a) لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

سعيد

M.: mint-date.

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX, 33.

V. 388 [Vives (2)], C. [3], Cerda 133, DR. 38 (omitted in description), M. p. 72.

(b) Details lacking. Cordoba.

212. 327 A. H. = 938/9 A. D.

No Mint

Gold.

One-quarter dinar. Date?

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

سعيد

( at left.

M.: Q. IX, 33.

HSA 14181 (0.96; 12 mm.).

محمد

رسول الله

امير المؤمنين

عبد الرحمن

M.: date.

213. 328 A. H. = 939/40 A.D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

(a) لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

سعيد

M.: mint-date.

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX, 33.

HSA 14476 (3.33), V. 389 [3], C. [6], P. 194–5, Cerda 133, GT. 5844, M. p. 72.

(b) image/سعيد

As (a).

HSA 14475 (3.47). (Some of the above may be of this type).

Marsden's CCCXXXI, attributed to Madīnat al-Zahrā', year 328, is obviously 3381. Conde's pl. I, 4, also attributed (p. 248) to Madīnat al-Zahrā' and the year 328,is illegible but it certainly is not 328.

214. 328 A.H. = 939/40 A. D.

No Mint

Gold.

One-quarter dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

( at left.

M.: Q. IX, 33.

محمد

رسول الله

امير المؤمنين

عبد الرحمن

M.: رب هذا الدينر سنة ثمان......... [رين]وعشـ

HSA 14176 (1.11; 13 mm.).

215. 329 A. H. = 940/1 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

(a) لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

سعيد

M.: mint-date.

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX, 33.

HSA 14477–8 (3.07, 3.35), V. 390 [3], C. [Codera(?) + 1(?)], Gagarine.

(b) ∴/سعيد

As (a).

P. 196.

(c) /عبد الله

As (a).

V. 392 [Vives].

216. 32x A. H. [322–329] = 933–941 A. D.

No Mint

Gold.

One-third (?) dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

سعيد

M.: Q. IX, 33.

محمد

رسول الله

امير المؤمنين

عبد الرحمن

M.: date.

M. p. 72, no. 106, Schulman 5/22/28, p. 72 (1.57 grm.).

The inclusive dates of no. 216 are based upon the appearance of the name of Sa'īd from 322 onward in the third decade of the century. The Ermitage specimen is not described but presumably is similar to the auction specimen, which in turn resembles P. 187, a specimen with both digit and decade effaced (see no. 218, below). The weight of the auction piece is exceptionally heavy for a one-third dinar.

217. 330 A.H. = 941/2 A.D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

قاسم

M.: Q. IX, 33.

P. y V., Badajoz , 3.

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: mint-date.

Silver.

(b) image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

قاسم

M.: mint-date.

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX 33.

Triple linear border. Annulets: ооо ооо ооо ооо ооо These annulets are often imperfectly preserved, and in subsequent years are often imperfectly preserved, and in subsequent years are often obscure or off the flan; but this appears to be the prototype. The rosette above the rev. is in many cases not described, but as all specimens which I have seen have it I have assumed that they all do.

Plate v

HSA 13621, 13632, 14479–80 (2.27, 2.46, 2.77, 2.70), ANS (3 spec., 2.01, 2.72, 2.77), V. 396 [6], C. pl. VI [9], BM ii, 67, ix, 67a, P. 197–8, B. 177–8, Brethes 482, Cerda 135, Cuenca [4], Delgado, Clasificacion, GT. 5845, M. p. 72, R. 169 [3], Soret à Dorn, RNB 1856, p. 138, no. 94 (described as copper but probably debased silver), Yale, Dos Santos 3000 [3 var.], Pedersen p. 42.

(c) /سعيد

As (b)?

V. 391 [Vives].

(d) /محمد

As (b).

Østrup 2241.

(e) Details lacking.

Elche, Cordoba [5], Gagarine, Low [2], Sotheby.

The attributions of (c) and (d) are certainly suspect. However, Vives' specimen with سعيد cannot be rejected out of hand, especially as the coin was in his own collection and he could not have read 330 for a date in the twenties. Østrap's description, with محمد, is probably to be rejected as a misreading of قاسم or of the date.

218. Date effaced, [322–330 A. H.] = [933–942 A. D.]

No Mint

Gold.

One–quarter dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

سعيد

M.: Q. IX, 33.

محمد

رسول الله

امير المؤمنين

عبد الرحمن

M.: [date].

HSA 14180 (0.97; 12 mm.), P. 186–7, B. 167, GT. 5840, Lorichs 4690–5, Marsden CC (attributed to Aghlabids; cf. Codera, Errores, p. 12); R. 167 [4].

The two Paris quarter-dinars were attributed by Lavoix to the period 322–328 on the basis of Codera's observations1. I have extended the period to 330 in the light of the Sa'īd coinage of 329 and (perhaps) of 330 A. H.

219. 331 A. H. = 942/3 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar. image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

قاسم

M.: Q. IX, 33.

о

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

о

M.: mint-date.

Plate v

HSA 13188 (3.89) = Dos Santos 3001, HSA 14171 (4.00), V. 393 [Academia, Gayangos (3), Vives], P. 184, Caballero Infante, R. 168 = (probably) DR., Monetario, I, 17 = DR, Arte Monetario, I, 9, Istanbul uncat. (Ornaments on some of these specimens not described).

Silver.

(b) Area as (a). image

M.: mint-date.

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX, 33.

HSA 13498, 13525–6, 13531, 13572, 13588, 13598, 13600, 13615, 14481–91, 27793, (1.86, 3.01, 3.17, 2.98, 2.90, 2.04 damaged, 2.19, 2.60 damaged, 2.73 twice pierced, 2.89, 2.27 twice pierced, 2.71, 2.28, 3.72 twice pierced, 2.77, 3.15, 3.26 twice pierced, 2.82, 3.04, 3.62, 2.92), V. 397 [7], C. [13], BM ii, 68, P. 199–202, B. 179–81, Brethes 483 [6], Cerda 135, Cuenca [13], Delgado, Clasificacion [3], F. p. 1***, GT. 5846–7, Longpérier p. 7, Lorichs 4774 [4], M.p. 72, R. 170 [5], Vives, Lote p. 342, Windisch-Grätz 74, Bardo, Dos Santos 3002 [3 var.], Gagarine [3], Pedersen p. 42, Schulman 6/26/05 [2], Sotheby [2].

(c) As (b). image/

B. 182.

Probably (c) is actually the same as (b). There are many reverse dies and on some of the specimens I have examined the rosette is blurred and might possibly be described as having less than eight petals; but I believe that all the rosettes are intended to have eight. Many of the above references do not mention the presence of the rosette, but to judge by the many examples seen, all of which have the rosette, all the dirhems of this year bear this ornament.

(d) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [4].

The overwhelming evidence speaks for the rejection of Conde's pl. II, 3 (although the engraving seems to show this date), and of Østrup's 2242 with محمد beneath the obverse and Gagarine's 502, with the same name. Also Brethes' 489 of Madīnat al-Zahrā' is obviously an erroneous attribution.

220. 332 A.H. = 943/4 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

قاسم

M.: Q. IX, 33.

V. 394 [Vives], BM uncat.

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: mint-date.

(b) One-third or one-quarter dinar. As (a), except size and weight.

V. 395 [Vives].

(c) One-quarter dinar. As (b) but obv. image/محمد

P. y V., Badajoz , 4.

To judge by the illustration of this coin the denomination would appear to be a full dinar, but it is described as a quarter in the text.

Silver.

(d) Area as (a). image

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: mint-date.

M.: Q. IX, 33.

HSA 13489, 13605, 13620, 14492, 27795 (2.68, 2.27, 2.09 pierced, 2.76, 2.98), ANS (3.18), V. 398 [6], C. [18], BM ii, 69, P. 203 (9–rayon star), B. 183–4, Cerda 135, Cuenca [3], Delgado, Clasificacion [2], GT. 5848–50, Lorichs 4775 [2], M. p. 72, R. 171 [8 spec. of 2 var.], BM uncat., Dos Santos 3003 [2 var.].

(e) As (d) but obv. /محمد.

HSA 13490, 14493-4 (2.39, 2.63, 2.83 twice pierced, rev. ornament effaced), ANS (2.73), V. 403 [7], C. pl. VI [6], Cerda 138, M. p. 72, Dos Santos 3003 [2 var.].

(f) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [3], Sotheby.

Gagarine no. 504 (attributed to 332 A. H. with سعيد) is surely to be rejected as a misattribution.

221. 333 A. H. = 944/5 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar. image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد

M.: Q. IX, 33.

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: mint-date.

V. 399 [Vives] = (probably) Guia pl. X, 16 = DR., Arte Monetario, I, 10 (misattributed to 337 A. H.), P. y V., Badajoz, 5.

I have assumed Vives to be wrong in indicating that the obverse area has the mint-date formula. The evidence seems to point to the continued use in this period of the reverse margin for the mint and date; and, incidentally, Prieto y Vives equates the Badajoz hoard specimen (with mint-date formula in the reverse) with V. 399.

It is impossible to determine whether the Badajoz piece is exactly similar to the one illustrated in the Madrid guide, because (as in a number of other instances) the illustration in Prieto y Vives' article is incorrectly labelled, the piece being described as a dinar but the corresponding illustration obviously a fractional dinar; and the reproductions are not fully legible.

(b) One-quarter or one-third dinar.

As (a), except size and weight.

V. 400 [Vives (2)] (position of margins not indicated) = (?) DR. 39 = DR., Arte Monetario, I, 11 = Guia pl. X, 17, Lorichs 4889 (details lacking).

Silver.

(c)

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد

M.: mint-date.

image or image

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX, 33.

Plate v

Because of broken dies, poor engraving and worn flans it is often difficult to tell how many petals the rosettes have. There are some definitely with eight, others with six. Paris has one with seven. They have all been grouped together in this one category. Many of the references listed below do not make mention of the rosettes at all, but as I have seen none without, I have assumed that all have rosettes of one type or another.

HSA 13593, 13602, 13604, 13623, 13626, 14495–14501 (3.46 frg. lacking, 3.42, 3.17, 2.65, 2.98 twice pierced, 2.94, 2.65 twice pierced, 3.29, 2.55 clpd., 3.28, 3.01), ANS (2.65 damaged), V. 404 [6], C. [9], BM ii, 70, P. 204, B. 185–6, Casanova 966, Cerda 139, Cuenca [6], Delgado, Clasificacion [2], Elche , GT. 5851, Kh. p. 327, Lorichs 4776 [4], M. p. 72, Østrup 2243, R. 172 [8 spec. of 2 var.], Vives, Lote p. 342, Fitzwilliam 14, Yale, Dos Santos 3004 [2 var.], Fonrobert 6319, Gagarine, Schulman 6/15/10, Sotheby.

I have no hesitation in rejecting Brethes' no. 484, supposedly bearing the name قاسم; there is too great an accumulation of evidence to show that he left the mint in 332 A. H.1

For an anomalous billon or copper issue dated 333 A. H. but with a reverse of al-Ḥakam II, see no. 261, below.

222. 334 A. H. = 945/6 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد

M.: Q. IX, 33.

V. 401 [Vives], P. y V., Badajoz , 6.

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: mint-date.

Vives again implies that the margins are interchanged, but this implication is probably an inadvertence.

(b) Dinar.

/هشام

M.: Q. IX, 33.

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: mint-date.

V. 406 [Gayangos, Vives] = (Vives probably) DR., Arte Monetario, I, 8, C. pl. VII, p. 81 [Gayangos], P. y V., Badajoz , 8.

Siver.

(c) Area as (a).

M.: mint-date.

Area as (b), but image or image.

M.: Q. IX, 33.

With regard to the rosettes see the observations under no. 221 (c), above.

HSA 14502–5 (2.33 twice pierced, 3.92, 3.33, 2.96), ANS (3.24), V. 405 [4], C. [8], BM ii, 71, P. 205, B. 187–8, Brethes 485 [2], Cerda 139, Cuenca [5], GT. 5852–3, Lorichs 4777 [4], Østrup 2244, R. 173[3], Bardo, Gagarine [2], Stacks N. Y. (1948).

(d) لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

As (a) but image/هشام (hsa)

HSA 14506 (2.35), V. 407 [Madrid, Gayangos, Vives (2)], C. [8], BM ii, 72 (nothing above rev.), R. 174.

(e) As (d).

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

هشام

HSA 14507 (3.15), V. 408 [4], Cuenca [1?], GT. 5859, R. 175 [3 spec. of 2 var.].

(f) As (d) but /هشام.

As (e) but without هشام.

C. [Gayangos (or is this gold?), Caballero Infante + 1], Lorichs 4778 (according to C.) [2].

(g) Details lacking.

M. p. 72, Cordoba [2], Low.

The Gagarine listing (no. 507) as well as that in a Schulman catalogue (6/26/05), both purportedly dirhems of 334 struck at Madīnat al-Zahrā' are obviously misattributions.

223. No date. Ca. 332–334 A. H. = ca. 943–946 A. D.

No Mint

Gold.

Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد

M.: Q. IX, 33.

GT. 5836 = V. 402, P. y V., Badajoz , 7.

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX, 33.

This coin is attributed to the inclusive dates indicated on the basis of analog with the legends on the gold issues of Al-Andalus of the same period.

224. 335 A. H. = 946/7 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: Q. IX, 33.

P. y V., Badajoz , 9.

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

هشام

M.: mint-date.

(b) Dinar.

image/عبد الله

M.: mint-date (sic).

GT. 5855 = V. 410 = R. 176.

Ο

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

Ο

M.: mint-date (sic).

Silver.

(c) Area as (a).

M.: mintdate.

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

هشام

M.: Q. IX, 33.

These coins have large flans (ca. 28 mm.).

HSA 14508 (date?), 14512 (3.28 twice pierced, 2.21 broken), ANS (4.11), V. 409 [4,] C. pl. VII [5], P. 2061, B. 191, Cerda 142, Longpérier p. 7, M. p. 72, no. 115.

(d) Annulets: ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

عبد الله

(variously described or obscure)

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

Margins as usual.

HSA 13423, 13499, 14509–11, 14513–16 (3.22, 3.08, 3.54, 3.06, 2.55, 3.49, 2.73, 2.75), ANS 2 spec., (2.06 not clipped or damaged, 3.19). V. 411 [8], C. [12], BM ix, 72d, B. 189–90, Brethes 486, Cerda 143, Cuenca, GT. 5856, Lorichs 4779, M. p. 72, no. 114, R. 177 [6 spec. of 3 var.], Dos Santos 3004.

(e) As (d). image/image

HSA 14519 (2.52).

(f) As (d). image

Bardo.

(g) As (d) but at top of obverse in space between triple beaded border and edge of flan: image.

HSA 14516 (3.25).

(h) Details lacking except عبد الله is present.

Gagarine.

(i) Details lacking except محمد beneath obv. and (Østrup) rosette above rev.

C. [Cerda?] = Cerda 139, Østrup 2245, Gagarine.

The issue (i) is perhaps to be rejected: Codera (p. 85, footnote 1) suspected that the specimen which he had seen cited as 335 with محمد (Cerda?) was incorrectly read; Østrup and the Gagarine list are not uniformly dependable; and the mass of evidenee is against the occurrence of Muḥammad's name in this year.

(j) Details lacking.

Kh. p. 327, Cordoba, Low.

Gagarine's dirhem of 335 supposedly struck at Madīnat al-Zahrā' (no. 510) must be an erroneous attribution.

225. 336 A. H. = 947/8 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) One-third dinar.

image?

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

عبد الله

M.: mint-date.

V. 412 [Gayangos] = C. pl. VII, p. 82.

Ο

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

Ο

M.: Q. IX, 33.

A cast of the Copenhagen dinar (Østrup 2238), kindly furnished at my request by Dr. Georg Galster, with the name al-Shākfr [li'llāh], dated 336 and by implication of the description struck at Al-Andalus, is not Umayyad but rather a mintless dinar of Sijilmāsah issued by the Midrārid Muḥammad b. al-Fatḥ1. The last line of the description of the obverse should be amended to read بن الفتح.

Siver.

(b) لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

عبد الله

M.: mint-date.

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX, 33.

HSA 13547, 14520, 14522 (2.91, 3.29, 3.42 twice pierced), BM ii, 73, P. 209–11 (one with عبد لله sic).

(c) بالاندلس and ثلثين end in flourishes. image/image

HSA 14524 (3.14).

(d) As (c). image/image

HSA 14517 (2.98).

(e) As (c). image/image

HSA 14523 (2.70).

(f) As (c). image/image

ANS (2.82).

(g) As (c). Ο/image

ANS (3.61), Brethes 487 (perhaps).

(h) As (c). image/image

P. 208.

(i) As (c). image/image

B. 192 (date?).

(j) As (c). image

HSA 14521 (2.47 fragmentary).

(k) As (c). obscure ornament./Ο

HSA 14518 (3.52)

(l) As (b), but ornaments not described.

V. 413 [12], C. [15], Cerda 144, Cuenca [3], M. p. 72 (?), R. 178 [7 spec, of 6 var.], Gagarine, Low, Sotheby.

Østrup's no. 2246 and Gagarine's no. 512 (al-Andalus, 336 A. H.) with محمد must be rejected: the reading of either the date or the mint must be in error.

226. 336 A. H. = 947/8 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'.

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد

M.:بسم الله ضرب هذا الدينر .

بمدينة الزهرا سنة ست و ثلثين و ثلثمئة

image ?

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

image ?

M.: Q. IX, 33.

DR., Arte Monetario, I, 13 = (probably) V. 414 [Vives].

(b) Dinar. As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 414 [Gayangos], BM uncat.

Silver.

(c) /محمد

Date written فى سنة.

B. 193.

image/image

(d) As (c). image/image

Yale.

(e) As (c) but سنة. ∴/

Brethes 490.

(f) As (c) but ornaments not described.

V. 415 [4], C. [6], Cerda 145, Escorial 1646 (mint?), M. p. 72, R. 179 (no فى), Gagarine [2].

(g) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [5], Low.

Prieto y Vives (p. 101) mentions a dirhem of the year 336 in which the word سنة is lacking, but it is not stated whether the coin is an issue of Al-Andalus or of Madīnat al-Zahrā'.

227. 337 A. H. = 948/9 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'.

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد

M.: mint-date.

V. 416 [Gayangos], P. y V., Badajoz, 10., R. 180.

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX, 33.

(b) Dinar.

As (a) but without محمد and rosette/ΟΟ

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

محمد

Margins as (a).

P. y V., Badajoz , 12.

(c) One-third dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

Margins as (a).

V. 434 [Vives].

As (a) but/محمد.

Silver.

(d) /محمد

HSA 14547 (2.76). BM ix, 73d.

(e) • at right of 2nd line.

HSA 13496 (3.00).

(f) • Ο at left of 1st line.

HSA 14543 (2.81).

(g) Ο/

ANS (2.60).

(h) image/

HSA 14545 (3.29).

(i) image/

HSA 14532 (2.70 twice pierced).

(j) /image

Boston.

(k) •/image

Brethes 491.

(l) /fleur-de-lis

Østrup 2247.

(m) image/image

HSA 14540 (2.62 fragmentary).

(n) image/fleur-de-lis

BM ix, 73e = (?) Marsden p. 320 (?).

(o) image/image

HSA 14526 (2.49), DR., Arte Monetario, I, 14 (?).

(p) image/image

ANS (2.87).

(q) image/image

HSA 14528–9 (3.37 twice pierced, 3.45).

(r) image/image

HSA 14525, 14530, 14541 (3.58, 3.02, 2.74 fragmentary), P. 212 (probably).

(s) image/image

HSA 14531 (3.67).

(t) Date? image/image

HSA 14536 (2.47).

(u) image/image

B. 195.

(v) image/image

B. 196.

(w) image/image

B. 194.

(x) image/image

HSA 14534 (2.78 twice pierced and damaged).

(y) image/image

HSA 14539 (3.51).

(z) image/image

HSA 14535 (2.51) = C. pl. VII, pp. 82–3.

(aa) ?/image

HSA 14538 (1.90 frg.).

(bb) image/image

Yockers.

(cc) image/image

HSA 14527 (3.10).

(dd) image/image

HSA 14546 (2.92).

(ee) image/image

HSA 14537 (3.16).

The characters beneath the reverse are just possibly an inscription.

(ff) image/?

HSA 14533 (2.28 fragmentary).

(gg) ?/image

HSA 14544 (3.13).

(hh) /?

HSA 14576 (2.12 twice pierced).

(ii) Date written فى سنة.

HSA 14548 (1.85 frg.).

?/image

(jj) Fragment, as (d), with most of margin lacking; style suggests 337 A. H. Rev. image/?

HSA 14542 (1/2 frg.).

(kk) Chipped fragment, as (d), with margin completely lacking; style suggests 337 A. H. Rev. image/image

HSA 14571 (frg.).

(ll) As (d). Obscure floral ornaments above and beneath rev.

DR. 40.

(mm) As (d) but ornaments not described or uncertain.

HSA 14584 (fragmentary, date?), V. 417 [34], Cuenca [8] DR., Arte Monetario, I, 15 (?), Bardo [2], Dos Santos 3005 [2 var.].

(nn) As (d).

الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

Margins as usual.

V. 432 [Gayangos, Vives (2)].

(oo) لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

Margins as usual.

V. 435 [Gayangos].

As (a) but /محمد

(pp) As (oo).

Margins as usual.

HSA 14679 (3.00 twice pierced) = V. 436 [Codera] = C. pl. VII, no. 5, p. 83 [Gayangos, Codera + 1].

As (nn) but /محمد

(qq) Details lacking except محمد.

C. [53], Cerda 146, Lorichs 4780 [3], M.p.72 (?), R. 181 [8 spec.of 5 var.], Gagarine.

(rr) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [6], Low, Sotheby.

Brethes' no. 488 (al-Andalus, 337 A. H., with عبد الله) and Gagarine's no. 514 (same mint and date with محمد) must be misreadings.

228. 338 A. H. = 949/50 A. D.

Madīonat al-Zahrā')

Silver.

(a) /محمد

HSA 13584–5, 13589, 13606–7, 13614, 14550, 14554–5, 14560, 14563–4, 14567–9, 14618 (2.78, 2.08, 2.36 twice pierced, 2.49, 3.25, 3.67, 2.75, 2.52 twice pierced, 2.71, 2.70 twice pierced, 2.52 damaged, 2.50, 2.62, 2.75, 2.85, 2.75, 3.28 twice pierced), ANS (2 spec., 3.06, 2.66), BM ii, 75 (date?), ix, 75a, B. 200, Elche , fig. 1, Fitzwilliam 15, Pedersen.

(b) As (a) but billon.

HSA 14570 (2.26).

This specimen is curious in that it would appear to be a counterfeit or irregular issue but the inscriptions are not barbaric.

(c) /image or image or image

These specimens with stars or sun-bursts beneath the reverse have been grouped together because imperfect engraving, worn dies and faulty descriptions make it impossible to distinguish among them. The HSA specimens alone exhibit four different dies with four quite different types of stars. HSA 13599, 14551, 14556, 14565 (2.01 damaged, 2.45, 3.06, 2.76), B. 198, Brethes 492, M. p. 917, no. 122a.

(d) image or image/

BM ix, 75b, B. 199.

(e) image/image

BM ii, 74, B. 197.

(f) Ο/image

HSA 14561 (2.83), Ashmolean 95 (?).

(g) image/

HSA 13618, 14552 (2.35, 1.97 fragmentary).

(h) image/image

HSA 13586, 14558 (3.23 damaged, 2.63).

(i) image/image

HSA 14557, 14559 (digit?), 14562 (2.51 twice pierced, 2.55 fragmentary, 2.16 twice pierced, broken), BM ix, 75c (perhaps; ornament above rev. not described).

(j) image/

ANS (2.64).

(k) image/image

HSA 14566 (2.60).

(l) As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 418 [32], Cuenca [6], Østrup 2248, R. 182 [17 spec, of 11 var.], Vives, Lote p. 342, Dos Santos 3005 [2 var.], Gagarine.

(m) الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

HSA 14680 (2.77), V. 433 [Codera, Vives], Yockers.

(n) Details lacking except محمد (the vast majority are undoubtedly of types (a)–(l).

C. [49], Cerda 146, Delgado, Clasificacion [3], GT. 5857–60, Lorichs 4781 [3], M. p. 72 (?), Marsden CCCXXXI (see note under no. 213(b), above).

(o) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba.

Markov's no. 121 (p. 72) and Fraehn's Inedita Bose, 4, attributed to Al-Andalus, year 338, and Gagarine's no. 516 with احمد are surely misreadings.

229. 339 A. H. = 950/1 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Silver.

(a) /محمد

ANS (2.77).

(b) /image

Varying number of rays, sometimes described as stars.

HSA 14549 (digit?), 14572–4, 14578–83, 27794 (2.67 twice pierced, 3.20, 3.04, 2.37, 2.59, 2.51, 2.66, 3.67, 3.02, 2.44 twice pierced, 3.31), ANS (2 spec., 2.62, 2.74), BM ii, 77, P. 213, Bardo, Schulman N. Y.

(c) Ο/image

Sunburst varies as in (b); annulet sometimes appears as pellet.

HSA 14575, 14577, 14602, 14604 (2.23, 2.35, 3.16, 3.35 twice pierced and closed), BM ii, 76, B. 201 (probably).

(d) /•

Østrup 2249. الامام written لامام.

(e) Ornaments not described.

V. 419 [23], C. [29], Cerda 146, Cuenca [4], Delgado, Clasificacion [2], GT. 5861–2, Kh. p. 327(?), Lorichs 4782, M. p. 72(?), R. 183 [9 spec. of 4 var.], Gagarine.

(f) سنة omitted; ornaments not described.

Cerda 149.

(g) As (a) presumably,but تسع تسع in place of سنة تسع; ornaments not described.

Prieto, p. 100.

(h) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba, Low [2], Seaby 4/49.

230. 340 A. H. = 951/2 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: mint-date.

M.: Q. IX, 33.

V. 420 [Vives], Longérier p. 7 (probably), P. y v., Badajoz , 11, Vives, Lote.

Silver.

(b) /محمد

Plate xii

HSA 14588 (2.76).

(c) /image

Number of rays varies.

HSA 14586, 14601, 14652 (3.25, 2.75, 3.31 twice pierced), ANS (2.49), P. 215, B. 202–3.

(d) Ο/Ο

HSA 14593, 14605, 14615 (2.54, 3.31, 2.66 twice pierced).

(e) ∴/Ο

HSA 14591 (3.06).

(f) image

Ο above س of الناصر.

HSA 14598 (2.46), BM ii, 78, Stacks N. Y. (11/48).

(g) image

HSA 14589, 14595–6 (2.51, 3.10, 3.27).

(h) image/image

ANS (3.05).

(i) image/

The ornament grows out of the border.

HSA 14614 (2.72).

(j) image/image

The ornament above grows out of the border.

HSA 14648 (2.89 twice pierced).

(k) Ο above ض of ضرب.

As (j).

HSA 14599 (2.80).

(l) As (k).

As (f).

HSA 14600 (3.07).

(m) • above م of بسم.

As (d).

B. 205.

(n) • above م of بسم and ض of ضرب. image

B. 204.

(o) As (n). image

Ornament grows out of border.

HSA 14118 (3.27) = Dos Santos 3006.

(p) image above ض of ضرب.

Codera pl. VII, p. 83 [Gayangos].

(q) Ο/محمد

As (d).

HSA 14603 (3.57).

(r) imageمحمد

As (d).

HSA 14592 (2.49 fragmentary).

(s) As (q). image/image

HSA 14590 (3.34 twice pierced).

(t) image/محمد

Ο above ض of ضرب.

P. 214.

(u) As (t).

As (d).

HSA 14587 (frg. including beginning of margin lacking), 14594 (2.80, 2.75), Østrup 2250.

(v) As (b) but exceptional style Possible ornament at top with linear border between where pierced. area and marginal legend, which in turn is enclosed by a linear and an outer circle of dots.

image?/محمد

HSA 14597 (2.89 twice pierced).

(w) As (b) but ornaments not described or uncertain.

V. 421 [28], C. [39], Brethes 493, Calcutta 7907 (?), Cerda 150, Cuenca [7], Delgado, Clasificacion [5], GT. 5863, M. p. 72(?), R. 184 [13 spec. of 11 var.], Dos Santos 6941, Gagarine, Schulman 6/25/05.

(x) Details lacking.

Cordoba [2], Low [2], Sotheby [3].

Copper.

(y) As (b)

As (b).

P. 216, GT. 5864.

For a billon or copper issue dated 340 A. H. but with a reverse of al-Ḥakam II, see no. 262, below. Vives also lists1 an anomalous dirhem dated 340 with احمد beneath the obverse, coupled with a reverse of the Ḥammūdid Caliph 'Ali.

231. 341 A.H.= 952/3 A.D.

Madīnat al-Zahā'

Silver.

(a) /محمد

HSA 13502, 14617, 14619, 14651 (2.31, 2.72 twice pierced, 2.72, 3.15), BM ix, 78d, Schulman N. Y. (11/48).

(b) Rev. has fine new style of lettering with crocketed vertical letters.

HSA 14621 (3.19).

Plate v

(c) Ο/

HSA 14612, 14622, 14626 (3.20, 2.84, 2.68), BM ix, 78e (symbol described as point).

(d) Ο/Ο

HSA 13495, 13500, 14611 (2.89, 3.57, 2.56).

(e) image/image

HSA 14616, 14620 (2.21, 2.50 damaged).

(f) image

HSA 14629 (2.08).

(g) image/

HSA 14623 (2.96), Ashmolean 96.

(h) As (g) but with Ο above ص of الناصر.

HSA 14609 (3.12), BM ix, 78f.

(i) image

HSA 14610 (2.75), P. 218, B. 206, Castiglioni CCLIV.

(j) image

HSA 14625 (3.15).

(k) image

HSA 14613 (2.85 fragmentary).

(l) image/image

Ornament beneath is attached to border.

HSA 14607–8 (2.70 twice pierced, 2.88), ANS (2.55).

(m) image

HSA 14606 (2.42).

(n) Pellet over م of بسم and ض of ضرب.

P. 219.

(o) As (a) but ornaments not described or uncertain.

V. 422 [21], C. [27], Brethes 494, Cerda 150, Cuenca [7], Delgado, Clasificacion, F. p. 1***, no. 22, GT. 5865–6, Lorichs 4783 [3], M. p. 72(?), Østrup 2252, R. 185 [8 spec, of 5 var.], Vives, Lote, Lote, Dos santos 3007, Gagarine.

(p) / الامام

الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

محمد

V. 437 [Vives.]

(q) / الامام

الامام الناصر لدين

الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

محمد

HSA 14681 (3.11) = (probably) V. 438 [Codera, Vives] = C. [Codera + 1].

(r) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [2], Low, Sotheby [2].

Gagarine no. 519 (al-Andalus, 341 A.H.) and no. 520 (Madīnat al-Zahrā', 341 A. H., with احمد), must be misreadings.

Copper.

(s) Details lacking except محمد beneath obv., and "flan de cuivre, bronze saussè."

GT. 5867.

232. 342 A. H. = 953/4 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد

M.: mint-date.

image (hsa)

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

image (hsa)

M.: Q. IX, 33.

HSA 14173 (3.27, sector cut out and lacking), V. 423 [Gayangos, Vives].

Silver.

(b) /محمد

HSA 13591, 14632–4 (2.75, 3.14, 2.92, 2.99), ANS (2.74), BM ii, 79, B. 212, Ashmolean 82b(?).

(c) Ο/

Ο sometimes appears or is described as •.

HSA 14635, 14637 (3.44, 2.67), P.220, B. 209, Bardo.

(d) Ο/Ο or •/• or Ο/•

HSA 13568, 13624–5, 16327, 14630–1, 14639 (2.96, 2.90, 2.52, 3.07, 2.59 twice pierced, 3.20, 2.86), B. 207–8, Brethes 496 [2], Yale, Dos Santos 3008 [5].

(e) image/

HSA 14628, 14638 (3.21 twice pierced, 2.09).

(f) image

HSA 13548, 13579, 14636 (2.60 segment clpd., 2.78, 2.81), B. 211, Østrup 2264.

(g) image/•

B. 210.

(h) As (b) presumably, but بنة in place of بمدينة ornaments not described.

Prieto, p. 100.

(i) As (b) but ornaments not described.

V. 424 [19], C. [27], Cerda 160, Cuenca [17], Delgado, Clasfficacion [5], F. Add. p. 31, no. 22a, GT. 5868, Lorichs 4784 [3], M. p. 72(?), R. 186 [3spec. of 2 var.], Vives, Lote, Dos Santos 3007, Gagarine, Low [3].

(j) Details lacking.

Elche , Sotheby [3].

233. 343 A.H. = 954/5 A.D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

احمد

M.: garbled, somewhat as follows:

image

المعز

(sic) الامام الناصـ

(sic) image

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX, 33, garbled.

بسم الله ضرب هم بالاندلس سنة

(⸮)وثلثما ئة (⸮)ثلث و اربعين

HSA 14718 (3.26), V. 446 [Gayangos, Vives], Codera, pl. VII, p. 83 [Gayangos + 2].

The description above is that of the HSA specimen which is almost identical with that in Codera (Gayangos' piece), but it is not the same coin. Vives' description is for the most part normalized. The HSA specimen must be that belonging to Codera, cited by Vives. The issue certainly appears to be a counterfeit but Codera and Vives1 attributed it to Fās on the grounds of style and the presence of the name al-Mu'izz.

234. 343 A. H. = 954/5 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد

M.: mint-date, with image at beginning of legend.

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX, 33.

BM ii, 64.

(b) Dinar.

As (a), without flower in margin.

As (a) butimage/image

DR. 41.

Silver.

(c) /محمد

HSA 13536, 13617, 14624, 14641, 14645 (2.25 damaged, 2.97, 2.68, 3.24, 2.77 twice pierced), ANS (3.57), BM ix, 79d P. 222–3, B. 213.

(d) Ο/

(Described as • in BM)

HSA 13611, 14646 (3.34, 3.37), ANS (2.23 pierced), BM ix, 79e.

(e) Ο/Ο

(Described as •/• in BM)

HSA 14640, 14642–4 (3.00, 2.86, 3.55, 2.49), P. 221, B. 214.

(f) Ornaments not described.

V. 425 [14], C. [13], Brethes 496 [4], Cerda 150, Cuenca [4], GT. 5869–70, Lorichs 4785 [4], M. p. 73 (?) Østrup 2255, R. 187 [4 spec. of 2 var.], Soret à Fraehn p. 210, Dos Santos 3007, 6941, Gagarine, Schulman 6/26/05.

(g) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [6], Sotheby.

235. 344 A. H. = 955/6 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد

M.: mint-date.

الامام الناصر

لدين الله عبد الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

M.: Q. IX, 33.

V. 426 08 [Vives].

Silver.

(b) /محمد

HSA 13575, 13581–2, 13619, 13627, 14585, 14650, 14653, 14655–8, (2.91, 3.12, 3.16, 2.97, 3.70, 3.30, 2.65, 3.21, 2.93, 3.00, 2.89, 3.35), ANS (3.36), BM ix, 79k P. 224, B. 216, Bardo.

(c) Ο/

HSA 14659 (3.24).

(d) image

HSA 14647 (2.32 segment clpd.).

(e) image

HSA 14649 (3.80).

(f) Ο/محمد Berlin: •

HSA 14654 (2.81), B. 215.

(g) Ornaments not described.

V. 427 [9], C. [7], Brethes 497 [3], Cerda 150, Cuenca [6], Delgado, Clasificacion [2], Lorichs 4786 [3], M. p. 73(?), Marsden p. 320, Østrup 2256, R. 188 [5 spec. of 2 var.], Sawaszkiewicz p. 203, Dos Santos 3009 [6 var.], Gagarine.

(h) محمد lacking beneath obv., and mint-date questionable.

V. 439 [Gayangos].

(i) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [3], Low [2], Sotheby.

236. 345 A.H. = 956/7 A.D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Silver.

(a) /محمد

HSA 13493, 13503, 13608 (date?), 14660–4 (2.37, 2.66, 2.67, 3.06, 2.81, 3.17, 3.00, 2.67), ANS (2.79), BM ii, 80, ix, 80a, B. 217–8, Ashmolean 99(?), Bardo.

(b) Ο/Ο

HSA 14665 (3.03), Østrup 2257.

(c) Ornaments not described.

V. 428 [12], C. [7], Brethes 498 [2], Cerda 150, Cuenca [2], Delgado, Clasificacion [2], Kh. p. 327, Lorichs 4787 [2], M. p. 73(?), Moeller, p. 55, R. 189 [4 spec. of 2 var.], Vives, Lote, Dos Santos 3010 [2 var.], Gagarine.

(d) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [3], Low, Sotheby [2].

237. 346 A. H. = 957/8 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Silver.

(a) /محمد

HSA 13491, 13506, 13549, 13583, 13609, 13633, 14667–8, 14673–4, 14676, 14685 (3.03, 2.19 twice pierced, 2.90 twice pierced, 2.99, 2.83, 2.66, 2.96, 2.60, 3.04 twice pierced, 2.98 twice pierced, 2.24, 2.69, 4 times pierced), ANS (3.19), BM ii, 82, ix, 82a, B. 222, M. p. 73, no. 133.

(b) Ο/

HSA 14671–2 (1.96 twice pierced, 2.87).

(c) Ο/Ο

HSA 13497, 14666, 14669–70, 14678 (3.07, 2.65, 3.00, 2.44 twice pierced, 2.82), BM ii, 81, P. 226, B. 220 (•/• in place of •/•), 221,M. p. 73, no. 134.

(d) image

HSA 14677, 14687 (3.07, 1.55 frg.).

(e) image

M. p. 73, no. 135.

(f) image

HSA 14675 (2.42). B. 219.

(g) image

P. 225.

(h) image

Bardo.

(i) Ornaments not described or uncertain.

V. 429 [19], C. [29], Cerda 150, Cuenca [15], GT. 5871, Østrup 2258–9, R. 190 [8 spec. of 3 var.], Vives, Lote [3], Gagarine.

(j) /احمد

HSA 13610, 14684, 14686 (2.07, 2.54 twice pierced, 2.50), B. 223, Clark.

(k) As (j). Ο/Ο

HSA 14683, 14688 (1.95 thrice pierced, 2.48), BM ix, 82c, M. p. 73, no. 136.

(l) As (j). image/

HSA 13590 (2.19 twice pierced).

(m) As (j). image?/Ο

HSA 14682 (2.26 twice pierced).

(n) As (j) but ornaments not described.

V. 440 [7], C. [13], Cerda 157, Cuenca [5], Delgado, Clasificacion [2], R. 191 [2 var.], Windisch-Grätz 75.

(o) Details lacking.

Brethes 499 [5], Elche , Lorichs 4788 [4], Cordoba [4], Low [2], Schulman 6/26/05, Sotheby.

238. 347 A. H. = 958/9 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Silver.

(a) /احمد

HSA 13501, 13550, 13574, 13576, 13580, 13628, 14689–90, 14692, 14694–7, 14702 (2.37, 2.47, 2.36 twice pierced, 2.20, 2.96, 2.11, 2.21, 2.54, 2.01, 2.40, 2.78, 2.43, 2.49, 2.57), ANS (4 spec., 2.77, 2.78, 2.01, 1.82 fitted with rings), BM ii, 83, ix, 83a, P. 227–8, B. 224–6, Bardo, Yale.

(b) Ο/

HSA 13573 (2.37 twice pierced), Fitzwilliam 16 (?).

(c) image/

HSA 14691 (2.95).

(d) Ornaments not described.

V. 441 [10], C. [15], Brethes 500 [6], Cerda 158, Cuenca [9], Delgado, Clasificacion [4], GT. 5872–3, Longpérier p. 7, Lorichs 4789, M. p. 73(?), R. 192 [15 spec, of 8 var.], Dos Santos 3012 [5], Gagarine, Sotheby [2].

(e) /محمد •/•

Østrup 2260.

(f) As (e) but ornaments not described.

V. 430 [Codera, Vives], Vives, Lote, Gagarine.

I suspect that (e) and (f) are to be rejects. About this date the ا of احمد often looks very much like the م of محمد. For example, in many of the specimens of the year 348 the ا is often joined to the حـ of احمد.

(g) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [6], Low.

239. 348 A. H. = 959/60 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Gold.

(a) Dinar

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

احمد

M.: mint-date.

image

الامام الناصر

لدين الله الرحمن

امير المؤمنين

Ο

Plate v

M.: Q. IX, 33.

HSA 14172 (3.91) = (probably) V. 442 [Codera], Conde pl. I, 5 (illegible, but so attributed on p. 249), Longpérier p. 7.

Two specimens in the Cuenca hoard listed as "V. 442" are in all probability dirhems of this year, i. e., V. 443. Certainly the presence of dinars in this silver hoard would have occasioned some comment on Codera's part.

Silver

(b) /احمد

Plate v

HSA 13612, 14698–9, 14703–4 (2.82, 2.65, 2.65, 2.21, 2.65), ANS (2.54), BM ii, 845, ix, 85a, P. 229–30, B. 227–9, Bardo.

(c) Ο/

HSA 14705 (2.95).

(d) Ο/Ο

HSA 14700 (2.30 twice pierced).

(e) image/

HSA 14701, 14706 (2.76, 2.36).

(f) Ornaments not described.

V. 443 [15], C. pl. VII, pp. 83–4 [17], Brethes 501 [2], Cerda 158, Cuenca [2?], Delgado , Clasificacion, GT. 5874, Lorichs 4790 [3], M. p. 73 (?), R. 193 [2], Dos Santos 3013, Gagarine, Sotheby.

(g) /محمد Ornaments not described.

V. 431 [Zapater], Østrup 2261.

The supposed issue (g) is almost certainly to be rejected for the same reasons given under no. 238 (f), above.

(h) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [5], Low [2], Seaby 2/49 [2].

240. 349 A. H. = 960/1 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Silver.

(a) /احمد

HSA 13492, 13596–7, 14707, 14709–10, 14712, 16341 (2.02, 2.48, 2.46, 2.61, 2.69, 2.60, 2.22, 2.92), ANS (3.02), BM ii, 86, P. 231, B. 230–2, B. 233 (obv. margin mostly between 2 linear borders), Bardo, Clark, Schulman N. Y. (11/48) (twice pierced).

(b) Ο/

HSA 14711 (2.10).

(c) As (a) but the name of the mint lacking and the word سنة in the obverse margin repeated, i. e., سنة (⸮) image ..... بسم الله ضرب سنة تسع و اربعـ

HSA 14708 (fragment).

The mint is almost entirely lacking due to the fragmentary state of the coin, but I believe that parts of the letters image ... can be distinguished, and that the mint is, as to be expected, Madīnat al-Zahrā' and not some exceptional name ending in letters similar to سنة. Prieto (p. 101) mentions, but does not cite specifically, a dirhem of 349 A. H. with repeated سنة.

As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 444 [13], C. [12], Brethes 502, Cerda 158, Cuenca [6], Delgado, Clasificacion [5], GT. 5875–6 [5], Kh. p. 327 (?), Lorichs 4791 [4], M. p. 73 (?), R. 194 [4 spec, of 3 var.], Dos Santos 3013, 3014 [2], Gagarine.

(e) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [3], Low.

I consider that Brethes' second specimen numbered 502, Fraehn's p. 1***, no. 231, and Østrup's 2262–3, all supposedly with محمد, and Longpérier's (Soret's) coin with "Saīd" (p. 7), are to be rejected as misireadings. See above under no. 238 (f). Bodleian no. 93t, listed as of Al-Andalus, is obviously a slip for Madīnat al-Zahrā' and Gagarine's no. 528 of Al-Andalus is doubtless a misreading.

241. 350 A. H. = 961 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Silver.

/احمد

Some specimens have the following pointing above the obv. margin: ..... الدرهم بمدينة الزهرا سنة خمسين

• • • •

HSA 13613, 14713–7 (1.70, 2.77, 2.00, 2.79 twice pierced, 2.89, 1.92), ANS (2.35), V. 445 [10], C. [8], BM ix, 86d,e, B. 234 (reference probably confused), Cerda 158, Delgado, Clasificacion, GT. 5877, Lorichs 4792, M. p. 73, no. 143 (?), R. 195 [4], Cordoba [12], Yockers, Doa Sant08 3015, 6942, Gagarine, Low.

Although the presence or absence of ornaments is not indicated in many of the above references, I have grouped all the citations together in view of the fact that no specimen which I have seen, or which is accurately described, bears any ornament.

End Notes

1
Cf. p. viii, above.
1
Cf. Codera, Errores, pp. 12–13.
1
C. p. 78.
1
Codera was suspicious of Longpérier's supposed dirhems of 333 with the name of Qāsim (cf. Codera, Errores, p. 25).
1
P. 207 may also belong here, but the description is unsatisfactory: it is listed as copper (which is probably a typographical error) and while it has هشام "Dans le champ", it is not clear which field.
1
Cf. P. 929–31, B. 853–4. Several literary references to dinars of this type, called شاكّرية, are given by Sauvaire, Matériaux I, pp. 171–2. Cf. Ibn 'Idhāri, II, p. 225.
1
V. 1422 [Gayangos].
1
V. p. 54, Codera, Títulos, pp. 52, 64.
1
Cf. Codera, Errores, p. 19.

ABÜ'L-MUṬARRIF 'ABD AL–RAḤMĀN II AL-NĀṢIR LI-DÏN ALLĀH

242. 350 A.H. = 961/2 A.D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Silver.

(a) لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: mint-date.

الامام الحكم

امير المؤمنين

المستنصر بالله

يحي

M.: Q. IX, 33.

HSA 14721, 14723, 14725 (3.15, 3.27, 2.62 segment lacking), C. pl. VIII, p. 87, P. 237.

(b) Ο/يحي

Plate v

HSA 13538, 13555, 14719, 14726 (2.83, 3.16 damaged, 2.77, 3.08 twice pierced), B. 241 (symbol described as pellet), Dos Santos 3019.

(c) image/يحي

HSA 14722 (3.21), B. 240.

(d) image/يحي

HSA 14693, 14720, 14724, (3.43, 3.10 pierced, 2.61), ANS (2.68), BM ix, 88x, B. 242, Østrup 2266, Schulman 6/26/05 (?).

(e) Symbols not described.

V. 447 [17], C. [15], Brethes 504, Cerda 162, Cuenca [3], Delgado, Clasificacion [2], Longpérier p. 7, M. p. 73, no. 144(?), R. 196 [10 spec, of 9 var.

Note the very large number of varieties indicated (but as usual not described) by Rada.

243. 351 A.H. = 962 A.D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Silver.

(a) /يحي

HSA 14729 (3.45).

(b) Ο/يحي

HSA 14728 (3.54), B. 243.

(c) image/يحي

HSA 14727 (3.08 twice pierced).

(d) image/يحي or image/يحي

HSA 14731 (2.32),BM ii, 91, Schulman 6/26/05.

(e) image/يحي

HSA 14730 (2.77).

(f) As (a) but symbols not described.

V. 448 [3], C. [10], R. 197.

Beginning with (g), that is with the issues of 'Abd al-Raḥmān, the ر of لا شريك and the ن of خمسين usually end in floral flourishes; and sometimes the ي of احدي is similarly adorned.

(g) Ο/

الرحمن/عبد

Margin clumsily writen; extra letter before الزهرا?

HSA 14758 (2.74).

(h) image/(Variations)

As (g).

HSA 14733 (2.67), B. 246, DR., Arte Monetario, II, 3.

(i) image/

As (g).

HSA 14763 (2.37).

(j) image/

As (g).

Marginal legend begins at bottom.

HSA 14757 (2.49 cracked.)

(k) image/

As (g).

HSA 14743 (2.33 damaged).

(l) image/

As (g).

د of عبد ornamental on HSA 14747.

HSA 14747, 14766 (2.65, twice pierced, 2.82), B. 247.

(m) image/

As (g).

B. 244.

(n) image/

As (g).

B. 245.

(o) image/

As (g).

HSA 14755 (3.19).

(p) image/ (slight variations) As (g).

HSA 14736–7, 14752 (2.70, 2.69, 3.72 thrice pierced).

(q) As (p) but margin begins at bottom; cf. (j), but not the same. As (g).

HSA 14735 (2.91 twice pierced).

(r) image/ As (g).

HSA 14750 (2.20 twice pierced).

(s) image/ As (g).

HSA 14738, 14749 (3.36 thrice pierced. 2.12).

(t) image/ As (g).

HSA 14745 (3.43).

(u) image/ As (g).

HSA 14739, 14761 (2.91 twice pierced, 2.64).

(v) image/ As (g).

HSA 14765 (2.97).

(w) image/ As (g).

HSA 14744, 14762 (2.29, 2.81).

(X) image/ As (g).

HSA 14751, 14754 (2.86 twice pierced; fragmentary, C. pl. VIII, p. 88, P. 238–9 (probably).

(y) image/ As (g).

HSA 14732, 14748 (2.55, 2.80 thrice pierced), ANS (2.17 twicepierced).

(z) image/ As (g).

HSA 14741 (3.29 twice pierced).

(aa) image/image

As (g).

ر of لا شريك not floral.

HSA 14740, 14753 (3.13 twice pierced, 2.48).

(bb) image/image

As (g).

ر of لا شريك not floral.

HSA 14756 (3.11).

(cc) image/image

As (g).

ر of لا شريك not floral.

HSA 14759 (2.04).

(dd) Uncertain ornament/image

As (g).

HSA 14760 (3.25).

(ee) Ornaments not represented but probably similar to (aa)–(dd). BM ii, 90, Østrup 2267.

(ff) image/

As (g).

Obverse struck over a reverse striking: i. e., a section of Q. IX, 33, is legible at the top, outside the mint-date formula, and there are traces of the rev. area beneath the obv. area.

HSA 14767 (3.36 twice pierced).

(gg) Different obscure ornaments above obv., possibly similar to certain of the above.

As (g).

HSA 13556, 14734, 14742 (2.08, 3.22 twice pierced, 4.23 sic), DR., Monetario, II, 1.

(hh) As (g) but ornaments not described or represented.

V. 449 [40], C. [64], BM ii, 89, Brethes 505 [3], Campaner, Num. Bal., p. 255, Cerda 163, Cuenca [3], Delgado, Clasificacion [2], GT. 5878, Lorichs 4793 [4], M. p. 73(?), R. 198 [16 spec. of 13 var.], Dos Santos 3019, Gagarine, Sotheby.

(ii) Details lacking.

Cordoba [6].

244. 352 A. H. = 963 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Silver.

Most specimens of this year have floral letters as follows: ر of لا شريك, and the final ن's of the words "two" and "fifty". Some have fewer floral letters, or none, and some of the flourished date letters are not truly floral. Where a rosette occurs beneath the obverse area the ر of لا شريك is plain.

(a) image/

الرحمن/عبد

No floral letters in date.

HSA 14786 (2.14).

(b) image/

HSA 14789, 14835 (2.98, 2.61 twice pierced).

(c) image/

HSA 14801 (2.48).

(d) image/

HSA 14746 (2.09 twice pierced).

(e) image/

HSA 14781, 14783, 14796 (2.63, 2.46 pierced, 2.58), P.241 (apparently similar), B. 249.

(f) image/ (considerable variations)

Digit of one specimen is not floral.

HSA 14768, 14780, 14784, 14791 (2.66, 3.00, 2.57 segment lacking, 1.91 twice pierced).

(g) image/

HSA 14798 (2.84 twice pierced).

(h) image/

Digit not floral.

HSA 14775 (2.51).

(i) image/

HSA 14776, 14793, (2.20, 2.10), Yockers.

(j) image/

Digit not floral.

HSA 14779 (2.28 twice pierced).

(k) image/

HSA 14797 (2.64).

(l) image/

HSA 14773 (2.22 twice pierced).

(m) image/

HSA 14777 (3.05).

(n) image/

Digit not floral.

HSA 14800 (2.45).

(o) image/

Digit not floral.

HSA 14792 (2.00).

(p) image/

Digit not floral.

HSA 14778, 14782 (2.07, 2.81 twice pierced), P. 240 (resembles, but differs from, HSA).

(q) image/

ANS (2.49).

(r) image/

Digit not floral.

HSA 14788 (2.29 twice pierced).

(s) image/

Digit not floral.

HSA 14787 (2.70).

(t) image/

B. 248.

(u) image/

The word سنة is omitted; digit and decade not floral.

HSA 14790 (2.43).

(v) image/image

HSA 14770 (1.92 twice pierced).

As noted at the beginning of this year, none of the specimens with rosettes beneath the area has the floral ر in the word لا شريك.

(w) image/image

HSA 14772 (2.37).

(x) image/image

HSA 14799 (2.71).

(y) image/image

Digit not floral.

HSA 14795 (2.54).

(z) image/image

HSA 14769 (2.49).

(aa) image/image

No floral letters.

HSA 14774 (2.56 twice pierced).

(bb) image/image

HSA 14771 (2.97).

(cc) image/image

B. 250.

(dd) Ornament closely resembling (r)/image

DR. 42 (wrongly labelled 43 in the plate).

(ee) Uncertain floral ornament/image

No floral letters.

HSA 14794 (1.70 pierced).

(ff) Ornaments (undescribed) above and beneath obv.

BM ix, 91d,e,f Brethes 506. Østrup 2268–9.

(gg) Ornaments not described.

V. 450 [39], C. [59], Cerda 163, Cuenca [7], Delgado, Clasificacion, GT. 5879–80, Lorichs 4794 [3], M. p. 73 (?), R. 199 [22 spec. of 15 var.], Bardo, Gagarine, Schulman 6/26/05, Sotheby.

(hh) Details lacking. Elche , Cordoba [3].

Vives1 lists an imitation of billon dated 352, with عامر beneath the obverse and al-Ḥakam's usual reverse. The genesis of this curiosity eludes explanation. Conde's pl. I, 6, appearing to be dated 352 and so attributed on p. 251, with يحي beneath the reverse, must be an artistic fabrication.

245. 353 A. H. = 964 A.D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Silver.

Most specimens in this year have the floral ر of لا شريك, but the practice is not at all consistent; for example, some, but not all, of (b), (o) and (t) lack the floral letter and hence are really varieties of different dies. Occasionally the final letter of "fifty" is floral.

(a) /

image/∵

HSA 14002 (2.93) = (probably) C. p. 306 [Codera + 1] = V. 1404 (ornaments?).

This piece is completely anomalous. Vives lists the Codera (HSA?) specimen as an imitation, but I find nothing in the style or fabric of the coin to suggest this attribution. The lack of the name of 'Abd al-Raḥmān on the reverse is indeed curious, but I do not believe on this account that it is an illegal issue.

(b) image/

الرحمن/عبد

HSA 13537, 14816–7 (2.77, 3.49 twice pierced, 2.58), M.p. 73, no. 150.

(c) /image

As (b).

BM ix, 92b, M. p. 73, no. 149(?).

(d) image/image

As (b).

HSA 14839 (2.50).

(e) image/

As (b).

HSA 14825, 14838 (2.40, 3.18).

(f) image/ (several variations)

As (b).

Floral "fifty."

HSA 13601, 14819, 14827 (1.98, 2.11, 2.30), B. 255.

(g) image/

As (b).

HSA 14807, 14828 (2.48, 2.88).

(h) image/

As (b).

HSA 13544, 14811 (2.84, 2.59).

(i) image/

As (b).

HSA 14837 (2.93), ANS (2.21), P. 242.

(j) image/

As (b).

HSA 14812 (2.78).

(k) image/ (several varieties)

As (b).

HSA 13554, 14806, 14830, 14914 (2.41 damaged, 2.13 twice pierced, 2.51, 2.98), ANS (2.47).

(l) image/

As (b).

HSA 14805 (2.57), ANS (2.35), B. 254.

(m) image/ (several varieties)

As (b).

HSA 13539, 14802, 14810, 14818, 14821–2 (2.96, 2.40, 3.00, 2.49, 2.56, 2.10 pierced), ANS (1.96), B. 251–2, B. 253 (ر not floral, and annulets ΟΟΟ (4 groups)), M. p. 73, nos. 147–8 (2 var.).

(n) image/

As (b).

HSA 14823 (2.14).

(o) image/ (several varieties)

As (b).

Plate xiii

HSA 13529, 14814, 14824, 27788 (2.06, 3.30, 3.10, 2.59).

(p) image/

As (b).

HSA 13594, 14833 (2.47, 1.86).

(q) image/

As (b).

HSA 14829, 14836 (1.75 segment lacking, 2.92).

(r) image/

As (b).

Floral "fifty".

HSA 14832 (2.11 damaged).

(s) image/ As (b).

Floral "fifty".

HSA 14815 (2.92).

(t) Uncertain floral ornament/ As (b).

HSA 14813, 14826 (2.50 twice pierced, 2.26), BM ii, 92, Brethes 507 [3], Bardo, Schulman 6/26/05.

(u) image/image As (b).

Floral "fifty".

HSA 14831 (2.81).

(v) image/image (variations) As (b).

Floral "fifty".

HSA 14808–9 (2.68 twice pierced, 2.71).

(w) image/image As (b).

HSA 14834 (2.56).

(x) image/image (variations) As (b).

Floral "fifty".

HSA 14803 (2.47, 2.59).

(y) image/image As (b).

ANS (2.72).

(z) Uncertain ornament/Uncertain ornamen As (b).

BM ix, 92b, Østrup 2270.

(aa) Details of obv. lacking. As (b).

V. 451 [39], C. [71], Cerda 163 (and 166?), Cuenca [8], Delgado, Clasificacion [4], GT. 5881, Lorichs 4795, R. 200 [32 spec. of 26 var.], Dos Santos 3019–20, Gagarine [2].

(bb) Details lacking.

Casanova 967, Elche , Cordoba [5], Glidden, Low, Sotheby.

Copper.

(cc) As (aa) but copper, "fausee du temps."

Dos Santos 3020.

This is perhaps not actually a counterfeit but rather a genuine piece in debased metal.

246. 354 A. H.= 965 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Silver.

In this year, except where noted and where there is an ornament beneath the obverse, the ر of لا شريك is floral. The digit is written اربع or رابع, the latter form so noted. As indicated, the first quarter of the marginal legend of the obverse is sometimes rectilinear.

(a) /

ر not floral.

الرحمن/عبد

First quarter of margin of HSA 14848 rectilinear.

HSA 13634, 14848, 14851 (2.51, 2.65, 2.43) BM ix, 93f–g, P. 245–6, B. 259–60, Bardo, Fitzwilliam 19.

(b) Ο/ر not floral. (with traces of rays?)

HSA 14847 (2.69 twice pierced).

(c) image/

Digit: رابع. HSA 14862 has floral "fifty".

HSA 13546, 14862, 27787 (2.77, 2.53 twice pierced, 2.64), P. 244, B. 258, Fitzwilliam 17.

(d) image/

ر not floral.

HSA 14844 (2.83 twice pierced).

(e) image/ (variations)

HSA 13592 and B. have annulets:

ΟΟ ΟΟΟ ΟΟΟ ΟΟΟ

HSA 13592, 14854 (2.25, 2.35), B. 257, Brethes 508 [2].

(f) image/ (variations)

One lacks floral ر: three have floral "fifty"; two have digit: رابع.

HSA 14845, 14852, 14856, 14858, 14864, 14869 (3.19 pierced, 2.52, 2.35, 2.42, 1.97 frg., 1.67 twice pierced), P. 243, B. 256.

(g) image/ (variations)

و of و خمسين reversed on HSA 14857.

HSA 14846, 14855, 14857 (2.44, 1.68 damaged, 1.87).

(h) image/

Digit: رابع.

HSA 14863 (2.27).

(i) image/

ر not floral.

Annulets in outer border: ΟΟΟΟ

HSA 14843 (2.67), ANS (2.60).

The obverse dies of the two specimens are probably identical.

(j) image/

Digit of one written: رابع.

HSA 14853, 14865, 14867 (2.38, 2.91 twice pierced, 1.96 twice pierced).

(k) image/

Floral "fifty"; digit: رابع.

HSA 14866 (2.40).

(l) Ornament obliterated

Mint written: (sic) مدينة الزا

HSA 14849 (2.07 pierced).

(m) Uncertain ornament

BM ix, 93d.

(n) image/

First quarter of margin rectilinear.

ر not floral.

HSA 14840 (2.93).

(o) /Uncertain ornament

BM ix, 93c.

(p) image/image (variations)

Digit of one: رابع.

HSA 13528, 13551, 14841, 14860 (2.37, 2.29, 2.94, 2.49 twice pierced).

(q) image/image

Digit: رابع; floral "fifty".

HSA 14861 (2.59).

image/image

Digit: رابع.

HSA 14859 (2.67).

(s) image/image

Annulets: ΟΟΟ ΟΟΟ ΟΟΟ ΟΟΟ

HSA 14850 (2.82).

(t) image/image

HSA 14842 (2.45 twice pierced).

(u) image/image

Digit: رابع.

HSA 14868 (2.00).

(v) Uncertain ornament/Star or rosette

Digit: رابع.

BM ii, 93.

(w) Star or rosette/Uncertain ornament

BM ix, 93b.

(x) Uncertain ornament/Uncertain ornament

BM ix, 93a, e, Østrup 2271–2.

(y) Uncertain ornament/Star or rosette

Decade written: اربعين.

BM ii, 94.

Lane-Poole suspected a contemporary forgery; but Prieto (p. 101) considered the decade in the above coin simply an error.

(z) Obverse details lacking except

digit: اربع.

V. 452 [24], Cuenca [4], R. 201 [12 spec. of 9 var.], Vives, Lote [2].

(aa) Obverse details lacking except

digits: رابع.

V. 453 [18], Cuenca [3], GT. 5882, Kh. p. 327, R. 202 [7 spec. of 6 var.].

(bb) Obverse details lacking.

C. [64], Cerda 167, Delgado, Clasificacion [2], Escorial 1647, Lorichs 4796 [5], M. p. 74, nos. 151–2, Dos Santos 3021 [4], Gagarine, Sotheby [2].

(cc) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [7].

247. 355 A. H. = 965/6 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Silver.

In this year, except where noted, and where there is an ornament beneath the obverse, the ر of لا شريك is floral. Most specimens have "fifty" with a semi-floral termination.

(a) /

الرحمن/عبد

ر not floral.

HSA 14885, 14893 (2.04, 2.50).

(b) image/

One of the HSA specimens (and others?) lack the floral ر.

HSA 14876–7, 14896 (2.45 segment lacking, 1.99 twice pierced, 2.56), Brethes 509(?), M. p. 74, no. 153, Østrup 2275 (?).

(c) image/

Annulets: ΟΟΟ ΟΟΟ ΟΟΟ ΟΟΟ

HSA 14891 (2.46).

(d) image/

HSA 14870 (2.83).

(e) image/ (variations)

One has floral "fifty".

HSA 14873–4, 14895, 14918 (271, 2.45, 2.14, 2.80).

(f) image/

Annulets: ΟΟΟ ΟΟΟ ΟΟΟ ΟΟΟ

Floral "fifty"; digit obscure due to piercing.

HSA 14764 (2.75 pierced).

(g) image/

HSA 14871 (2.99 twice pierced).

(h) image/

Floral "fifty".

HSA 14785 (2.98).

(i) image/ (variations)

HSA 14878–9 (2.56, 2.96 damaged).

(j) image/

Floral "fifty".

HSA 14872 (3.05 twice pierced).

(k) image/ (variations).

Floral "fifty".

HSA 14889–90 (2.32 segments lacking, 2.84), B. 261, M. p. 74, nos. 154–5.

(l) image/

P. 247.

(m) Uncertain ornament

BM ii, 95, ix, 95a, Brethes 509 [3], M. p. 74, no. 156, Østrup 2273–4(?), Ashmolean 101(?).

(n) image/image

Floral "fifty".

HSA 14880 (2.50).

(o) image/image

HSA 14888 (2.50), B. 262.

(p) image/image (variations)

HSA 14882, 14886 (2.13 base metal, 1.78 damaged).

HSA 14882 looks almost like copper but surely is not a counterfeit.

(q) image/image

HSA 14875 (2.62 twice pierced).

(r) image/image (variations)

Two have floral "fifty".

HSA 13557, 14881, 14887, 14901 (date?) (1.79 damaged, 2.59, 2.49, 3.05 twice pierced).

(s) image/image

HSA 7907 (3.49).

(t) image/image

HSA 13541, 14892 (3.01 twice pierced, 3.12).

These two specimens are from identical obverse dies.

(u) image/image

HSA 14883–4 (3.12, 2.50), B. 263–4, Elche fig. 2, Schulman 1/12/13.

(v) Obverse details lacking.

V. 454 [37], C. [50], Cerda 167, Cuenca [5], Delgado, Clasificacion [4], Lorichs 4797 [5], R. 203 [20 spec. of 15 var.], Dos Santos 3022 [2], Fonrobert 6320, Gagarine, Sotheby(?).

(w) Details lacking.

Cordoba, Low.

248. 356 A. H. = 966/7 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'.

Silver.

As in preceding issues the ر of لا شريك is almost always floral, except where there is an ornament or name beneath the obverse. Mention of the frequent flourishes terminating the word "fifty" is omitted.

(a) image/

الرحمن/عبد

HSA 14908 (1.96), B. 265, M. p. 74, no. 157(?), Marsden CCCXXXV (description of obv., p. 320, confused by misinterpretation of floral ر as a name).

(b) image/

HSA 14909 (2.31 twice pierced).

(c) image/

This coin has an unusually large flan for the period (25 mm.), and the style is somewhat unusual.

HSA 14916 (2.88).

(d) image/

HSA 14820 (2.97).

(e) image/

HSA 13532, 14899 (2.36, 1.39 segment lacking).

(f) image/

HSA 14911 (2.57 twice pierced).

(g) image/

HSA 14912 (2.32).

(h) image/

HSA 14917 (3.01).

(i) image/ (variations)

HSA 13527, 14903–5 (2.40 damaged, 2.35, 2.42, 2.87), Conde pl. II, 5, p. 253.

(j) image/

ANS (2.76).

(k) image/ (obscure)

HSA 13587 (2.05).

(l) image/image

HSA 14947 (2.45).

(m) image/image

HSA 14906 (2.60 broken).

(n) image/image

HSA 14910 (2.84 twice pierced).

(o) image/image

Ornament above HSA 14902 obscure.

HSA 14902, 14913 (2.85 twice pierced, 2.41).

(p) image/image

P. 248.

(q) image/image

HSA 14915 (2.39).

(r) image/image

HSA 14907 (2.67).

(s) image/image

HSA 14900 (2.25).

(t) image/image

HSA 14897 (2.73).

(u) image/image

Plate v

HSA 13616 (2.80) = Dos Santos 3023, HSA 14898 (2.01.)

The obverse dies of the two specimens are identical.

(v) Uncertain ornament/Uncertain ornament

BM ii, 96, ix, 96a.

(w) Obverse ornaments not described.

V. 455 [26], C. [41], Cerda 167, Cuenca [4], GT. 5883–4, Lorichs 4798, R. 204 [14 spec. of 10 var.], Dos Santos 3022, Gagarine.

(x) image/شهيد

ANS specimen has ΟΟΟ (4 times?) in outer border.

HSA 14923, 14925–6 (3.16 twice pierced, 2.68, 2.62), ANS (1.96).

(y) As (x). ⁘/⁘ (? pierced)

HSA 14927 (2.77 twice pierced).

(z) image/شهيد

HSA 14924 (1.85 very irregular flan).

(aa) image/شهيد

HSA 13542 (2.23).

(bb) image/شهيد

image

HSA 14921 (2.76) = C. pl. VIII, p. 88.

(cc) Uncertain ornament/شهيد

image/image

P. 249.

(dd) Obv. ornament not described, but شهيد beneath.

With or without ornaments?

V. 456 [7], C. [11], Cuenca, GT. 5885, Longpérier p. 7, Østrup 2276, R. 205 [3 var.], Vives, Lote, Dos Santos 3024, Gagarine.

(ee) image/عامر

HSA 14929, 27785, (2.22, 2.48).

The obverse dies of the two specimens are identical.

(ff) As (ee), but different die.

HSA 14928 (2.98).

image

(gg) image/عامر

HSA 14922 (2.05).

(hh) image/عامر

HSA 14935 (2.42 twice pierced).

(ii) image/عامر (variations)

HSA 13543, 14920 (1.97, 2.40).

(jj) As (ii).

Ο/Ο

HSA 14933 (2.00).

(kk) image/عامر

image/image

HSA 14919 (2.69).

(ll) As (kk).

image

B. 266, F. p. 2***, no. *24 (probably).

(mm) Details lacking except عامر beneath obv. area.

V. 457 [11], C. [23], Brethes 510, Cerda 170, GT. 5886, R. 206 [6 var.], Dos Santos 3024, Gagarine.

(nn) Details lacking.

Casanova 968, Elche , Lorichs 4799, M. p. 74, no. 158, Cordoba [4], Sotheby.

249. 3 [5x] A. H. (351–356) = (962–967 A. D.)

Madīnat al-Zabrā'

Silver.

image/

الرحمن/عبد

Date off flan, which is small, irregular (and clipped?).

HSA 14894.

250. 357 A. H. = 967/8 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

عامر

الحاجب

الامام الحكم

امير المؤمنين

المستنصر بالله

جعفر

Final ن of المؤمنين ends in floral flourish (HSA).

M.: mint-date (floral "fifty", HSA).

M.: Q. IX, 33.

Plate v

HSA 15797 (4.05), B. 235.

(b) Dinar.

image/عامر

جعفر/الحاجب

Floral ك of الحكم and final ن of المؤمنين.

HSA 10631 (4.14).

(c) Dinar.

image/عامر

As (b).

Floral "fifty".

BM ii, 87 (cf. BM iii, p. 252).

(d) Dinar.

As (a) but ornament not described.

V. 467 [Gayangos, Vives (2)], C. [8], Lorichs 4696, M. p. 74, no. 159, P. y V., Badajoz , 13, R. 214 [4 spec. of 3 var.].

(e) One-third or one-quarter dinar.

As (a), except size and weight, and ornament, if any, not described.

V. 468 [Gayangos, Vives], P. y V., Badajoz , 14, R. 215 [2 var.].

Silver.

The first quarter of the obverse margin of (f) and (g) is rectilinear; others which I have not seen may have similar margins. The majority of the specimens seen have the florally terminating "fifty".

(f) /عامر

HSA 13561, 14941, 14943 (3.00, 2.86, 2.50), BM ix, 97a.

(g) /عامر Ο/Ο

HSA 13530 has continuous ΟΟΟΟ between inner and middle borders.

HSA 13530, 14942, 14944 (2.57, 1.89 clpd., 2.51), P. 251, B. 274, Brethes 511(?), V. and A., Yockers.

(h) /عامر (?) image

Brethes 511, F. p. 2***, 25 (date?).

(i) /عامر (?) fleuron/Ο

Brethes 511.

(j) image/عامر

HSA 13545, 14945–6, 14948, 27784 (2.36, 2.24, 2.57, 2.47, 2.71), Pedersen. p. 42.

(k) As (j).

As (g).

HSA 14949 (2.06).

(l) As (j).

As (h).

ANS (2.65).

(m) As (j). ⁘/⁘

B. 272.

(n) image/عامر

HSA 14950 (3.00), M. p. 74, no. 160 (?), Østrup 2277 (?).

(o) image/عامر

As (g).

B. 273.

(p) image/عامر (variations)

HSA 14951 (2.57), B. 269.

(q) image/عامر

Annulets: ΟΟΟ ΟΟΟ ΟΟΟ ΟΟΟ

HSA 14936–8 (2.69 twice pierced, 2.28 twice pierced, 2.24).

(r) image/عامر (variations)

HSA 13560, 13595, 14932 (2.70 twice pierced, 2.83, pierced, 2.95 twice pierced), B. 267, M. p. 74, no. 161–2(?).

(s) image/عامر

Plate v

HSA 13533 (2.32 twice pierced), ANS (3.09), B. 268.

(t) image/عامر

BM ii, 97.

(u) image/عامر

HSA 14934 (2.50, 2/3 frg.).

(v) image/عامر •/

HSA 14931 (2.96).

(w) As (r). /Ο

HSA 13535 (2.63).

(x) As (r). Ο/Ο

HSA 14930, 14940 (2.60 twice pierced, 2.92), Brethes 511(?).

(y) image/عامر ∴/Ο

HSA 14939 (2.79 twice pierced).

(z) As (q).

As (y).

B. 271.

(aa) As (s). •Ο•/Ο

B. 270.

(bb) Uncertain fleuron/عامر

As (y).

P. 250.

(cc) Details lacking except عامر beneath obv. area.

V. 458 [41], C. [38], Casanova 969(?), Cerda 171, Cuenca [2], Lorichs 4800 [7], R. 207 [25 spec. of 22 var.], Dos Santos 3024 [4], Gagarine, Schulman 6/15/10, Sotheby [3].

(dd) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [5], Low.

251. 358 A. H. = 968/9 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

عامر

M.: mint-date.

الحاجب

الامام الحكم

امير المؤمنين

المستنصر بالله

جعفر

ك of الحكم and final ن of المؤمنين end in floral flourishes.

M.: Q. IX, 33.

Plate vi

HSA 13138 (3.42), DR. 43 (numbered 42 in plate).

(b) Dinar.

image/عامر

As (a).

Ornamented letters?

Bardo.

(c) Dinar.

image/عامر

As (a).

Ornamented letters?

BM ix, 87b.

(d) Dinar.

As (a).

Ornament above area not described.

Ornamented letters?

V. 469 [7], C. [6] (all full dinars?), Caballero Infante, M. p. 74, no. 163, P. y V., Badajoz , 15, R. 216, Sotheby.

(e) One-quarter dinar.

image/عامر

As (a) but no ornamental letters.

Plate vi

HSA 13135 (0.80), BM ix, 87d, P. 232.

(f) One-quarter dinar (referred to by V. as one-third).

As (e) but ornament above obv. not described.

V. 470 [Codera, Vives (2)], P. y V., Badajoz , 16.

Silver.

The floral flourish terminating the digit "eight" appears to be practically universal in this year. In at least two specimens ((h) and HSA 14954 of (j)) "fifty" also ends in a floral flourish. All but one specimen seen has the rectilinear first quarter of the obverse margin; the exception is (k), which also lacks the floral "eight" and is of base metal.

(g) /عامر

HSA 13578, 14030 (1.64 worn, 2.80 twice pierced), BM ix, 98b, B. 278, M. p. 74, no. 164.

(h) As (g). Ο/

HSA 14028 (1.86).

(i) As (g). /Ο

HSA 14034 (2.97 twice pierced).

(j) As (g). Ο/Ο

HSA 13534, 13603, 14021, 14029, 14952, 14954 (2.38, 2.06, 2.95, 2.91 twice pierced, 2.40 twice pierced, 3.14), ANS (2 spec., 2.55, 2.04), BM ii, 98, B. 275–7, Brethes 512 [5], M. p. 74, no. 165, Østrup 2278, Windisch–Grätz 76.

(k) As (g), but note general remarks above.

As (j).

HSA 13577 (2.88).

(l) As (g). image/

HSA 14026 (2.08).

(m) As (g). image

HSA 14020 (2.97), M. p. 74, no. 166.

(n) As (g). image

BM ix, 98a, B. 279.

(o) As (g). image

HSA 14953 (2.70, seg. lacking).

(p) As (g) but reverse symbols, if any, not described.

V. 459 [14], C. [15], Cerda 171, Cuenca [2], Delgado, Clasificacion, GT 5887–8, Lorichs 4801 [4], R. 208 [16 spec. of 9 var.], Schulman 6/15/10, Sotheby.

(q) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba, Low, Seaby 2/49.

Delgado's mention of a specimen with عبد الرحمن (Clasificacion) must be an error; and I question the reliability of Brethes' 503, supposedly struck at Al-Andalus.

252. 359 A. H. = 969/70 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

عامر

M.: mint-date.

الحاجب

الامام الحكم

امير المؤمنين

المستنصر بالله

جعفر

M.: Q. IX, 33.

HSA 13136 (3.65).

(b) Dinar.

image/عامر (variations?)

As (a).

The Gayangos specimen has فى سنة.

C. pl. VIII, pp. 88–9 [Gayangos], BM ii, 88, P. 233.

(c) Dinar.

Ο(?)/عامر

As (a).

Bardo.

(d) Dinar.

As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 471 [5], C. [3], Longpérier p. 8, M. p. 74, no. 167, P. y V., Badajoz , 17, R. 217.

(e) Dinar.

As (a) but obv. and rev. margins interchanged; and ornaments not described.

P. y V., Badajoz , 18.

Silver.

Of the specimens seen, (f), (g) and (l) have the rectilinear first quarter of the obverse margin; the margins of (h), (i), (k), (m), (p) and (q) are circular.

(f) /عامر

HSA 14022, 14025 (2.96, 3.45), BM ix, 98h, Brethes 513 [2], M. p. 74, nos. 168–9(?), Fitzwilliam 13, Schulman N. Y. (11/48, twice pierced).

(g) As (f). Ο/Ο

HSA 14017 (3.19), ANS (2.35), BM ix, 98f, g, B. 282, Brethes 513, Østrup 2279.

(h) As (f). image/

ك of الحكم is ornamented.

HSA 14023 (2.26).

(i) As (f). /image

HSA 14011 (2.56).

(j) As (f). image/

B. 281.

(k) As (f). image/image

Plate vi

ANS (2.75).

(l) As (f). image/

HSA 14015 (2.72).

(m) As (f). ∴/image

HSA 14024 (2.73).

(n) As (f). image/image

B. 283.

(o) image/ /image

B 280.

(p) image/ image

HSA 14044 (2.69).

22*

(q) As (p).

As (m).

ك of الحكم is ornamental.

HSA 14027 (2.47), P. 252.

(r) As (f), but ornaments, if any, not described.

V. 460 [13], C. [20], Cerda 171, Cuenca [2], GT. 5889, Lagumina p. 27, no. 11 (cf. p. 236), Lorichs 4802, R. 209 [9 spec. of 8 var.], Dos Santos 3025, Gagarine.

(s) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [3].

A sales-catalogue dirhem (Schulman 6/26/05), designated "Cordoue" (= Al-Andalus), 359 A. H., is to be rejected.

253. 360 A.H. = 970/1 A.D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: Q. IX, 33.

image

الامام الحكم

امير المؤمنين

المستنصر بالله

عامر

P. 234.

M.: mint-date (فى سنة).

(b) Dinar.

image/ image/عامر

(فى سنة)

BM ix, 88b, B.237.

(c) Dinar.

image/

/عامر

(فى سنة)

C. pl. VIII, p. 89 [Madrid].

(d) Dinar.

rosette/rosette

BM ix, 88c.

/عامر

(no فى before سنة)

(e) Dinar.

image/

B. 236.

image/عامر

(فى سنة)

(f) Dinar.

Details lacking except عامر beneath rev., and mint-date formula in rev. margin (where described).

V. 472 [Academia, Gayangos, Vives (5)], C. [3], Fraehn, Inedita Bose 5, GT. 5890, Longpérier p. 8, M. p. 74, no. 170 P. y V., Badajoz , 19, R. 218 [3].

Silver.

The word "sixty" in most specimens of this year ends with a semifloral letter. The first quarter of the obverse margin is sometimes rectilinear, sometimes not: (g), (h), one specimen of (j), (k), (l), (o), (v), (ff) and (gg) are rectilinear. The margin of one specimen, (t), is completely rectilinear.

(g) /عامر

HSA 13999, 14047 (2.80, 2.89 twice pierced), BM ix, 98r, Østrup 2281(?).

(h) As (g). Ο/Ο

HSA 14045, 14048 (2.49, 3.04 twice pierced), Brethes 514.

(i) As (g). image/

HSA 14051 (3.45).

(j) As (g). image

HSA 14049–50 (2.90, 2.87 twice pierced).

(k) As (g). image/image

HSA 14012, 14046 (2.90, 3.39), BM ix, 98q.

(l) As (g). image/image

HSA 14052, 14054 (3.71 debased metal?, 2.06 segment lacking), ANS (2.58).

(m) As (g). image/image

ك of الحكم is floral.

HSA 13997 (3.10).

(n) As (g). image/

P. 253.

(o) As (g). image/image

HSA 14031 (2.12 twice pierced), BM ix, 98p.

(p) As (g), but date written: image/image

فى سنة

HSA 14062 (2.89).

(q) As (g). ∴/image

B. 285.

(r) As (g). image/image

HSA 14060 (2.85).

(s) As (g). image/image(variations)

The ornament beneath the area grows out of the border.

HSA 14061 (2.60), Yale.

(t) As (g). image/

The form of the marginal legend is completely rectilinear.

HSA 13998 (1.94).

(u) As (g). image/image

B.284.

(v) As (g). Ο/image

HSA 14059 (3.30 twice pierced).

(w) image/عامر

As (k).

HSA 14063 (2.70).

(x) ∴/عامر

As (o).

Østrup 2280.

(y) image/عامر

As (h).

HSA 14018 (2.71).

(z) image/عامر image/image

ANS (2.93).

(aa) image/عامر

As (g).

HSA 14014 (3.03).

(bb) image/عامر

As (h).

HSA 14010 (2.85).

(cc) image/عامر image/image

Date written: فى سنة.

HSA 14056–x7 (2.61 twice pierced, 2.56).

(dd) As (aa). image/∴

HSA 14053 (3.99).

The flan of this specimen is irregular, almost oblong, in shape. Note the exceptionally heavy weight.

(ee) As (g) but ornaments not described.

V. 461 [37], C. [49] (some of these may be of types (ff) or (gg) below), Cerda 171, Cuenca [3], Delgado, Clasificacion [2], GT. 5891, Lorichs 4803 [5], M. p. 74, no. 171, R. 210 [18 var.], Vives, Lote, Gagarine.

(ff) As (g).

الامام

الحكم

امير المؤمنين

المستنصر

بالله

HSA 14036 (2.57), V. 464 [Gayangos, Codera, Vives], R. 212, Thorburn.

(gg) As (g).

الامام

الحكم امير

المؤمنين

المستنصر

بالله

HSA 14033, 14035, 14055 (3.07, 2.70 twice pierced, 1.72).

(hh) /محمد

As (g).

V. 490 [Vives].

In spite of the authority one is inclined to question the attribution of this specimen.

(ii) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [6], Low.

I reject Conde's pl. I, 7, with شهيد beneath the reverse, attributed (on p. 252), to the year 360. The date is not legible in the engraving.

254. 361 A. H. = 971/2 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: Q. IX, 33.

الامام الحكم

امير المؤمنين

المستنصر بالله

M.: mint-date.

Ornaments, if any, not described.

V. 481 [Academia, Gayangos, Vives], Lorichs 4697, P.y V., Badajoz>, 25, R. 224 [2].

(b) Dinar.

Ο/Ο

Ο/Ο

It is not entirely clear from the description whether عامر is present or absent on the rev. area.

BM ix, 88f.

(c) Dinar.

As (b).

Ο/عامر (Berlin)

V. 473 [Gayangos (2), Vives], C. [1] (gold?), B. 238, P. y V., Badajoz , 20.

(d) Dinar.

image/image

image/نصر

Plate vi

HSA 13183 (4.29) = C. pl. VIII, pp. 89–90, BM ix, 88g, Guia pl. XI, no. 1.

(e) Dinar.

As (d) but ornaments not described.

V. 480 [Gayangos, Vives (2)], C. [Codera], P. y V., Badajoz , 24. R. 223 [1 in addition to that illustrated in the Catalogo-Guia, (d) above].

Silver.

The ي of احدي and the ن of ستين (where the decade is completely written out) on most specimens of this year are flourished, but not floral. The د of وحده is sometimes floral. The first quarter of the obverse margin of all specimens seen is rectilinear. Some specimens are of exceptional diameter: (f), (h), (o). The latter two are very finely engraved. Vives' nos. 483 and 488 ((q) and (r)) are doubtless of this character.

(f) Ο/Ο

HSA 14957 (2.82) = C. pl. VIII, p. 89, Østrup 2282.

(g) image/

P. 254.

(h) image

HSA 13553 has • after بسم.

HSA 13553, 14003 (symbol pierced, obscure), 14039, 14956 (2.35 damaged, 3.72 twice pierced, 2.39, 3.79), BM ix, 99b.

(i) Ο/image

Brethes 515, M. p. 74, no. 173(?).

(j) image/image

B. 286, Yale.

(k) image/image

Some annulets appear as pellets.

HSA 14001, 14004 (2.76, 3.20).

(l) image/image

Some annulets appear as pellets.

Yale.

(m) image/image

HSA 13540 (2.67 small segment lacking).

(n) image/image

HSA 14013 (2.55).

(o) image/image

On HSA 14000 and ANS, the ك of الحكم ends in a flourish.

HSA 14000, 14958 (2.57, 3.35), ANS (2.75).

(p) As (f) but ornaments not described.

V. 482 [9], C. [16], Cerda 176, Cuenca, Lorichs 4804, M. p. 74, no. 172(?), R. 225 [3 Var.].

(q) As (f) but ornaments not described; large flans, "special minting."

V. 483 [Codera (2), Vives (4)].

(r) As (f). Large flan, "special minting."

الامام

الحكم امير

المؤمنين

المستنصر

بالله

Ornaments, if any, not dscribed.

V. 488 [Gayangos].

(s) />عامر

الامام الحكم

امير المؤمنين

المستنصر بالله

HSA 14041 (2.82 pierced).

(t) As (s).

As (f).

• after بسم.

HSA 14040 (2.90).

(u) As (s).

As (j).

HSA 13552, 14043 (2.75, 2.36).

(v) As (s).

As (k).

HSA 14038 (2.60).

(w) As (s). image/image

HSA 14058 (2.66).

(x) As (s). image/image

HSA 14042 (3.51 thrice pierced).

(y) As (s). image

BM ii, 99.

(z) As (s). image/image

P. 255.

(aa) As (s), date a little doubtful. /image

ك of الحكم has full floral flourish.

HSA 14037 (2.57).

(bb) "fleur-de-lis"/عامر Ο/ـه(?)

Østrup 2283.

(cc) As (s) but ornaments not described.

V. 462 [12], C. [15], Cerda 171, Cuenca, R. 211.

(dd) As (s), but lacking سنة; ornaments not described.

V. 463 [seen by Codera]; cf. Prieto p. 101.

(ee) As (s).

As (r). Ornaments, if any, not described.

V. 466 = R. 213.

(ff) With and without عامر, various ornaments.

Dos Santos 3026 [3].

(gg) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [2], Low.

255. 362 A. H. = 972/3 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: Q. IX, 33.

الامام الحكم

امير المؤمنين

المستنصر بالله

M.: mint-date.

Vives describes this as "acuñación corriente", the exact meaning of which is not clear to me.

V. 484 [Vives], P. y V., Badajoz , 26, R. 226.

I do not know whether Codera's entry (Tratado, p. 305) for the year 362, with عامر beneath the reverse, is gold or silver. There are three specimens (Lorichs and one other, and one doubtful specimen of Gayangos). I assume the reference to V. 484 in Codera's Cuenca to be an error; a dinar among this silver hoard would have elicited some comment.

Silver.

The final letters of "two" and "sixty" are flourished in most specimens. Of the specimens seen all but (m) have the rectilinear first quarter margin.

(b)

Yockers.

(c) Ο/Ο

HSA 14963 (2.77).

(d) /image

Østrup 2284.

(e) image/

HSA 14964 has a sprig image above the د of وحده.

HSA 14960–1, 14964 (3.14, 2.86 segment lacking, 3.12).

(f) image/image

HSA 14959 (3.07), B. 287, Brethes 516.

(g) image

HSA 14966 (2.19).

(h) image/image

HSA 14965 (2.72).

(i) image/∴

ك of الحكم ends in flourish.

ANS (3.40).

(j) ∴/image

B. 288.

(k) image/∴

B. 289.

(l) Uncertain ornament/image

HSA 14962 (3.89).

(m) image/

As (e).

HSA 14955 (2.81).

(n) As (b) but ornaments not described.

V. 485 [13], C. [14], Cerda 177, Lorichs 4805 (typographical error "352" for "362"), M. p. 74, R. 227 [2 var.], Gagarine.

(o) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba.

Lorichs (4806) lists a dirhem of Al-Andalus, 362 A. H., with 'Āmir, which perhaps should be rejected. It may, however, be the issue tabulated by Codera, reference to which is made above (after (a)). In view of the proximate resumption of Al-Andalus as a mint name I do not reject the issue out of hand.

256. 363 A. H. = 973/4 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: Q. IX, 33.

Ο

الامام الحكم

امير المؤمنين

المستنصر بالله

Ο

M.: mint-date.

P. 235.

(b) Dinar.

As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 486 [Gayangos, Vives], P. y V., Badajoz , 27.

(c) Dinar.

لا

اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك

له

M.: mint-date.

الامام

الحكم امير

المؤمنين

المستنصر

بالله

M.: Q. IX, 33 (?).

V. 489 [Gayangos], R. 228.

(d) Dinar.

M.: Q. IX, 33.

/عامر

M.: mint-date.

V. 474 [Vives], P. y V., Badajoz , 21.

(e) One-quarter dinar.

As (d), except size and weight, and obv. Ο/?, rev. Ο/.

P. y V., Badajoz, 22.

(f) Dinar.

image/

M.: Q. IX, 33.

image/يحي

M.: mint-date.

BM ix, 88l.

(g) Dinar.

As (f) but ornaments not described.

V. 494 [Gayangos, Vives (3)], P. y V., Badajoz , 29, R. 229.

(h) Dinar.

As (f) but margins interchanged and ornaments not described.

V. 492 [Vives], P. y V., Badajoz , 28.

(i) One-quarter dinar.

As (f), except size and weight, and obv. Ο/, rev.

Ο/يحي.

BM ix, 88n.

(j) One-quarter dinar (sometimes described as one-third).

As (f), except size and weight, and obv. image/, rev.

image/يحي.

HSA 14182 (1.05), DR. 44 = R. 230 [1 of 2 spec.] = DR., Arte Monetario, II, 1, Thorburn.

(k) One-quarter (or "one-third") dinar.

As (f), except size and weight, and ornaments not described.

V. 495 [Codera,Vives (3)], P.y V., Badajoz , 30, R. 230 [other spec.]

(l) Dinar. Details lacking.

Longpérier p. 8, BM uncat.

Silver.

The flourished letters on the specimens of this year, i. e., ك of لا شريك له and of الحكم, and د of وحده, are noted where they occur. Of the specimens seen all have the rectilinear first quarter margin.

(m) Ο/Ο

Flourished ك.

HSA 14967 (2.48 damaged), P. 256.

(n) As (m) but ornaments not described.

V. 487 [Gayangos], C. [2 + 1?].

(o) Ο/عامر

HSA 13559 (3.34).

(p) image/عامر

HSA 14032 (1.94).

(q) As (o) but ornaments not described.

V. 475 [6], C. [4], BM ix, 99f, Cerda 178, Delgado, Clasificacion, R.219 [2 var.].

(r) / — /يحي

Flourished ك.

Flourished ك.

HSA 14969, 14972 (3.10, 2.40), BM ix, 99m, Fitzwilliam 21.

(s) image/يحي

HSA 14974 has flourished

HSA has flourished ك.

د and ك.

HSA 14970, 14974 (2.26, 2.87), B. 291.

(t) image/يحي

Flourishes obv. and rev. as HSA 14974 of (s).

HSA 13558 (2.59 damaged).

(u) image/يحي

Flourishes as above.

HSA 14973 (2.75), Yale.

(v) image/يحي

Flourishes as above.

HSA 14968 (2.63).

(w) image/يحي

B. 290.

(x) image/يحي

Flourishes as above.

HSA 14971 (2.60).

(y) As (r) but ornaments not described.

V. 493 [14], C. [13], R. 231 [3 var.], Vives, Lote, Dos Santos 3027.

(z) Details lacking.

Elche , M. p. 74, nos. 175–6 (ornaments but not names indicated), Cordoba, Low.

As in the case of a specimen of the year 362 (see above, p. 344), Dos Santos' dirhem of 363 (no. 3028), struck at Al-Andalus supposedly, is not to be summarily dismissed, particularly as the catalogue recognizes the rarity of the issue; in other words the designation is not an inadvertent slip. However, as the citation is unique and in a salescatalogue, I do not feel justified in giving it a separate entry. The specimen in the Gagarine catalogue (no. 541), al-Audalus, 363 A. H., with "Ja'far," is too uncertain and improbable to be included.

Conde illustrated (pl. II, 9) and described (p. 253) a copper coin of 363, with rev. /عامر, which might just possibly be genuine, but in view of the large proportion of fanciful creations in Conde's monograph I do not consider it proper to give it a regular entry. The engraving shows an interesting characteristic occasionally observed on other specimens: the end of the obverse margin continues beyond and above its rectilinear beginning.

257. 364 A. H. = 974/5 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: Q. IX, 33.

image

الامام الحكم

امير المؤمنين

المستنصر بالله

عامر

M.: mint-date.

DR., Arte Monetario, II, 2 (date not legible in plate) = (probably) V. 476 [Vives], V. 476 [Gayangos] (ornaments?), P. y V., Badajoz , 23 (ornaments?).

Silver.

Of the specimens seen all have the rectilinear first quarter margin.

(b) Ο/عامر

HSA 14009 (3.75 twice pierced), B. 292.

(c) image/عامر

HSA 14006–7 (2.44, 2.74 twice pierced), BM ix, 99s, P. 257, Brethes 517, Bardo.

(d) image/عامر

HSA 14008 (3.89 pierced), Østrup 2285.

(e) As (b) but ornaments not described.

V. 477 [14], C. [13], Cerda 178, Cuenca, Delgado, Clasificacion, GT. 5892, Lorichs 4807, R. 220 [4 var.], Gagarine [2].

(f) عا/مر

Date ends with اربع or اربع و but the decade must be "sixty."

HSA 14016, 14019 (3.50, 2.94), V. 478 [Gayangos, Vives (2)], C. [1], Cerda 180, Cuenca, RNB 1856, p. 138, no. 95.

(g) /image

V. 479 [Gayangos].

(h) Details lacking. Elche , Cordoba [2].

Copper (imitation?).

(i) /يحي

Date written: سنة ار وستين

V. 1406 [Vives].

258. 365 A. H. = 975/6 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

Of the specimens seen all have the rectilinear first quarter margin.

(a) image/عامر

ك of الحكم flourished.

HSA 14975–6, 14980, 15004 (3.17, 1.58, 2.87, 2.44 twice pierced), BM ii, 100, ix, 100a, P. 236, Bardo, Yockers.

(b) As (a).

Date written: فى سنة.

HSA 14120, 14977 (2.57, 2.94), Dos Santos 3029 (described as having a letter or ornament after the mint name).

(c) As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 496 [7], C. [7], Cerda 181, Cuenca [5], M. p. 74(?), R. 221 [7], Lorichs 4808, Gagarine.

(d) image/image

HSA 14979 (3.33), C. pl. VIII, p. 90 [Gayangos], B. 239.

ك of الحكم flourished.

(e) image/image

ك of الحكم flourished.

HSA 14990 (3.23).

(f) As (d) but ornaments not described.

V. 497 [5], C. [5], R. 222.

(g) /عبد الله

With عامر ?

Dos Santos 3030.

One would be inclined to reject this attribution if it were not for the fact that the catologuer of the Dos Santos collection appeared to be aware that the type is unique (he notes that it differs from V. 496–7). Also, with the transfer of the mint back to Al-Andalus, the year is an irregular one and 'Abdullāh may have been an official whose name has not survived on any other specimen.

(h) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [6], Low.

259. 365 A. H. = 975/6 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Silver.

(a) Ο/Ο

ر of لا شريك is floral.

M.: بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم

سنة خمس [sic] بمدينة الازهرا

[sic] وثلامة [sic] وستن

HSA 14005 (2.26).

(b) As (a) but marginal legend described by Vives as: الزهرا سنة خمس (⸮) بمدينة [sic] وستين و تاة

V. 1405 [Codera] = C. [Codera + 1].

Symbols not described.

The Codera and Hispanic Society specimens are in all probability the identical piece, although Vives' description does not tally in every respect. The error in writing the name of the mint is very curious and offers grounds for interesting speculation. Is it simply a die-engraver's slip, or was the Madīnat al-Zahrā' mint actually still in operation during this year? With some diffidence I suggest that the mint name is a slip and that a die-engraver, formerly engaged at the Zahrā' mint, and now transferred to Cordoba, began, as he had long been accustomed, to write مدينة الزهرا, whereupon he collected himself and followed مدينة with the first letters of الاندلس; and finally, perhaps concerned that he would not have sufficient space for الاندلس, ended up with الزهرا after all.

(c) Details lacking.

Cordoba [6].

This entry in the list furnished me by the Cordoba Museum may be a confused duplication of the entry for Al-Andalus of the same year.

260. 366 A. H. = 976 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

/عامر

Ornament, if any, not described.

Lorichs 4809 = C. [Lorichs] = V. p. 61, footnote.

260 A. 366 A. H. = 976 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Silver.

image/يحي

P. 258.

One is tempted to reject no. 260A as a misattribution (cf. V. p. XIX), but Lavoix's identification appears to have been no slip of the pen.

End Notes

1
V. 1403 [Vives].
1
image (sic). The name is often garbled; but here perhaps more than usual.

EXCEPTIONAL ISSUES UNDER AL-ḤAKAM II

261. 333 A. H. [sic] = [944/5 A. D.?].

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Billon or Copper.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

احمد

M.: بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم

HSA 14258 (2.87) = V. 1401 [cast from Codera].

بمدينة الزهرا سنة ثلث ولمثثين و

عبد

الامام الحكم

امير المؤمنين

المستنصر بالله

الرحمن

M.: Q. IX, 33.

262. 340 A. H. [sic] = [951/2 A. D.?]

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Billon or Copper.

As no. 261, but احمد obscure, and margin: بسم الله ضرب هذا [sic] الدرهم بمدينة الزهرا سنة اربعين وثلثمائية image

HSA 14259 (2.56 pierced), V. 1402 [Vives].

Another irregular piece bearing al-Ḥakam's name, which should receive mention here is one cited by Vives (no. 1400), dated 3 × 1 at Al-Andalus, and having the name of 'Abd al-Raḥmān.

The description of Østrup 2264 is confusing, and I doubt very much that the attribution is correct. It is listed under al-Ḥakam as a quarter-dinar of the year 366, no mint: shahādah in the obverse area, شهيد beneath, and Q. IX, 33, in the margin; in the reverse area the second part of the profession of faith (i. e., محمد رسول الله), with عبد above and الرحمن beneath. Reference is made to R. 205, which is a dirhem of 356, with the usual al-Ḥakam reverse and which resembles Østrup's description only in that it has شهيد beneath the obverse.

A dirhem of al-Ḥakam's, Al-Andalus, 366 A. H., with "Said," listed in the Gagarine catalogue, is anomalous and probably to be rejected.

Conde (pl. I, 8, p. 252) has a supposed dinar of al-Ḥakam with سعيد/الحاجب on the reverse. The engraving is not legible and the coin is surely to be rejected as a creation of the artist and author.


ABŪ'L-WALĪD HISHAM II AL-MU'AYYAD BI'LLAH

263. 366 A. H. = 976/7 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

Of the specimens seen all have the rectilinear first quarter margin.

(a) لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: mint-date (date questioned)

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

B. 312.

M.: Q. IX, 33.

(b) Date questioned. •/عامر

B. 311.

(c) image/عامر

HSA 13636, 13697, 14119, 14981, 14986 (2.82, 3.74, 3.14, 3.30, 3.21), ANS (2.73), BM ii, 104, Yale.

(d) image/عامر

HSA 13635, 14987–8, (2.21, 2.85 twice pierced, 2.66), BM ix, 104a–b, B. 309, Brethes 518.

(e) image/عامر

HSA 14985 (3.19 thrice pierced).

(f) image/عامر

B. 310.

(g) image/عامر

HSA 14978 (3.13).

(h) image/عامر

HSA 14989 (2.42).

(i) image/عامر

HSA 14982 (2.44).

(j) image/عامر

ANS has فى سنة; HSA, flan lacking at this point.

HSA 14983 (3.25 frg. lacking), ANS (3.16).

(k) image/عامر

HSA 14984 (2.98).

(l) image/عامر

HSA 14992 (3.64 twice pierced).

(m) image/عامر

C. pl. IX, p. 93 [Gayangos].

(n) image/عامر

B. 308.

(o) As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 498 [28], C. [27]1, Campaner, Num. Bal. p. 255, Cuenca [12], Delgado, clasificacion [3], Lorichs 4810, M. p. 75(?), Østrup 2287, R. 232 [7 spec. of 4 var.], Dos Santos 3032 [2 var.], Gagarine, Sotheby [2].

Some of the above might possibly be of types (p) or (q) below; cf. for example one of the Madrid specimens.

(p) مر/عا

HSA 15166 (2.77), V. 524 [Gayangos, Codera, Vives (2)], C. pl. IX, p. 93 [Gayangos], Vives, Lote.

(q) image

V. 526 [Madrid], C. [Madrid, Gayangos + 2].

(r) Details lacking except mint name is written الالس.

Prieto p. 101.

(s) Details lacking.

Elche, Cordoba [4], Low.

264. 367 A. H. = 977/8 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: Q. IX, 33.

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

V. 499 [Gayangos?], R. 233.

M.: mint-date.

Silver.

Of the specimens seen all with the exception of (j), have the rectilinear first quarter margin.

(b) image/عامر

HSA 13675, 14121, 14994–6, 15001, 15005 (date obscure) (2.40, 2.04, 2.74, 3.37, 2.14 pierced & plugged, 3.40 twice pierced, 2.36 twice pierced), BM ix, 104e, P. 275, B. 313, Brethes 519, Stacks N. Y. (11/48)

(c) Date written: فى سنة.

HSA 14999 (2.74 twice pierced).

As (b).

(d) image/عامر

HSA 14991 (2.93).

(e) image/عامر

HSA 14122, 15000 (2.67, 2.67 twice pierced).

(f) image/عامر

HSA 14993 (2.95), B. 314.

(g) Uncertain flower or branch above area. Beneath, عامر.

HSA 14997–8 (2.45, 2.66 both twice pierced), Brethes 519.

(h) "fleur-de-lis" image/عامر

Østrup 2288.

(i) As (b) but ornaments not described.

V. 500 [12], C. [16], Cuenca, Escorial 1648, R. 234 [9 spec. of 2 var.], Vives, Lote, Dos Santos 3032 [4], 3062, Gagarine.

(j) As (b) but "large module," "special minting," and ornaments uncertain or not described; circular margin (DR.).

V. 501 [Vives (3)] = (probably) DR., Arte Monetario, II, 5 (uncertain ornament above rev.).

(k) مر/عا

HSA 13637, 15167 (2.98, 3.46), V. 525 [Codera, Vives], Dos Santos 3033.

(l) image/image

HSA 15168 (2.85).

(m) As (l) but ornaments not described.

V. 527 [Vives], Codera [Codera + 1], Cerda 183.

(n) Details lacking except 'Amir is present.

Delgado, Clasificacion [3], Lorichs 4811, M. p. 75 (?).

(o) Details lacking.

Cordoba, Low.

Codera tabulates one specimen (Madrid) with عامر beneath the obverse area, but I do not know whether it is gold or silver, and furthermore as neither Vives nor Rada mention it I doubt the correctness of the attribution. Conde's supposed dirhem of 367 A. H. (p. 254), with محمد beneath the obverse and عامر beneath the reverse, must be imaginary. The coin appears not to be illustrated in the plates, although it is referred to as "no. 8."

265. 367 A. H. = 977/8 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

Date questioned.

/عامر

الامام هشام

المؤيد بالله

امير المؤمنين

V. 598 = R. 299.

Vives does not question the date, but Rada describes it as 36(7?), and gives the Christian date-equivalent as 997/8, which is 387, not 367. This confusion, as well as the doubtful digit, makes the attribution of the coin somewhat suspect. If the attribution is correct, this would be the first appearance of Fās as an Umayyad mint. The interchanged second and third lines of the reverse area are characteristic of the Fās mint in the early years.

266. 368 A. H. = 978/9 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

image?

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

image

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

M.: mint-date.

DR., Arte Monetario, II, 4 = R. 235 (probably).

M.: Q. IX, 33.

(b) Dinar. As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 502 [Academia, Gayangos, Codera (3), Vives].

Silver.

(c) image/عامر

All the specimens seen have the rectilinear first quarter margin.

HSA 13698, 15002–3 (3.44, 2.87, 3.30 twice pierced), ANS (3.39), BM ix, 104g, B. 315–6, Brethes 520 [2], Chase Bank, Yale.

(d) As (b) but ornaments not described.

V. 503 [8], C. [9], Cerda 184, Cuenca [3], Delgado, Clasificacion, Lorichs 4812, M. p. 75 (?), R. 236 [12 spec. of 3 var.], Gagarine, Schulman.

(e) Details lacking.

Cordoba [2], Low.

Vives 1 lists an imitation dirhem of the year 368 (erroneously transcribed as 363), lacking عامر on the reverse. While the omission of the name is curious, this in itself is not sufficient grounds for discarding the piece as an imitation. Whether there were other grounds I do not know.

267. 369 A. H. = 979/80 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

All the specimens seen have the rectilinear first quarter margin.

(a) عامر

HSA 15006–7 (3.21 twice pierced, 3.43).

(b) image/عامر

ANS (3.10).

(c) As (a) but ornaments, if any, not described.

V. 504 [5], C. [5], Delgado, Clasificacion, M. p. 879(?), R. 237, Dos Santos 3034, Schulman 11/18/07, 5/5/08.

268. 370 A. H. = 980/1 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

All the specimens seen have the rectilinear first quarter margin.

(a) عامر

HSA 15013 (3.03).

(b) ○/عامر

HSA 15010 (3.74).

(c) image/عامر

HSA 13696, 15008–9, 15011 (3.02, 3.32 damaged, 2.96 twice pierced, 2.50), Tychsen pl. I, no. XIII, p. 132.

(d) image/عامر

HSA 15012 (3.26).

(e) As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 505 [14], C. [13], Cerda 184, Cuenca [2], Delgado, Clasificacion, GT. 5893, Longpérier p. 8, Lorichs 4813 [2], R. 238 [9 spec. of 2 var.], Gagarine, Schulman 11/18/07.

(f) Details lacking.

Cordoba.

269. 370 A. H. = 980/1 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

(a) /...امعـ

M.: بسم .... ينة فاس سنة
[⸮سبعـ [ـين

image/عامر

M.: Q. IX, 33.

Note that the reverse area has the common order of lines.

HSA 15691 (1.35, approx. 1/2 frg.).

(b) /

الامام هشام

المؤيد بالله

امير المؤمنين

عامر

HSA 15519 (2.14 clpd.), V. 599 [Vives].

270. 371 A. H. = 981/2 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

(a) /

image/عامر

Rectilinear first quarter margin.

HSA 13638, 15014 (3.13, 2.63).

(b) As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 506 [Vives (2)], Codera pl. IX, p. 93 [Gayangos (illustrated), Caballero Infante, Codera + 1], Dos Santos 3035.

(c) Details lacking.

Elche, Cordoba.

271. 371 A. H. = 981/2 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

Details lacking except عامر.

Delgado, Clasificacion.

272. 372 A. H. = 982/3 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

(a) Date? fleuron /

image/عامر

Brethes 521.

(b) Details lacking.

Elche.

273. 372 A. H. = 982/3 A. D.

[Al]-Nākūr

Silver.

Details lacking. Date questioned. Mint given as al-Nākūz. Codera, Çecas, p. 377.

274. 373 A. H. = 983/4 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

Details lacking.

Elche, Cordoba.

275. 374 A. H. = 984/5 A. D.

Al-Andalus(?)

Silver.

Debased silver.

/محمد

/عامر

HSA 14260 (2.63) = (probably) C. [Codera + 1].

The Hispanic Society specimen is in all probability the one from the Codera collection. I suspect also that this coin is Vives' no. 1412 (listed under "Imitaciones," billon), the only specimen in this entry being Codera's. Vives read the date "394?". The portion of the decade preserved is equivocal, but in view of the area legends I conclude that "70," rather than "90," is correct.

276. 375 A. H. = 985/6 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

(a) Details lacking except عامر beneath rev. area. Billon. Date questioned by Vives.

V. 507 = C. [Codera (?) + 1].

(b) Details lacking.

Cordoba.

277. 376 A. H. = 986/7 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

(a) Details lacking except عامر beneath rev. area.

C. [Cerda] = Cerda 184.

(b) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba.

Dirhems of al-Andalus, 374 and 376 A. H., with تمليج and عامر, listed in the Gagarine catalogue, were doubtless misread, with respect to both digit and decade.

278. 377 A. H. = 987/8 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

(ornament)

لا اله اله

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: Q. IX, 33.

(ornament)

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

M.: mint-date.

BM ix, 100t.

(b) image

M.: mint-date.

P. y V., Badajoz , 31.

image/عامر

M.: Q. IX, 33.

Silver.

The margins of the specimens seen are circular.

(c) /

HSA 15510 (2.40).

The decade as well as the century is lacking, but the style suggests "70." The absence of 'Amir is remarkable.

(d) image/

Floral ر of لا شريك

HSA 13451 (3.19 twice pierced).

image/عامر

(e) image/

HSA (13434 (3.18).

image/عامر (?)

(f) /

image/عامر

B. 317.

(g) /

••/عامر (?)

Brethes 522.

(h) Details lacking except عامر beneath rev. area.

C. [Gayangos, Codera + 2], Longpérier p. 8.

279. 377 A. H. = 987/8 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

The first quarter margin of (a) is rectilinear; the margin of (b) is circular.

(a) /

Floral ر of لا شريك

image

الامام هشام

المؤيد بالله

امير المؤمنين

عامر

HSA 15518 (2.40).

The decade is lacking on the above specimen, but the style suggests "70."

(b) /

image/عامر

ر of لا شريك ornamented: image

HSA 15517 (3.20).

The decade is illegible on the above specimen, but again the style suggests "70."

(c) Details lacking except عامر beneath the rev. area.

V. 600 [4], Cerda 187, R. 288 [2 var., date?].

280. 378 A. H. = 988/9 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: mint-date.

image

الامام هشام

المؤيد بالله

امير المؤمنين

عامر

M.: Q. IX, 33.

Adquisiciones en 1932, XII, 2 (wrongly labelled "9" on plate V).

(b) Dinar. As (a) but apparently no ornament above obv. area, and image (?) above rev.

P. y V., Badajoz, 32.

(c) Dinar. As (a) with same ornaments, but margins interchanged. P. y V., Badajoz, 33.

Silver.

Of the specimens seen (d), (f) and (h), and one of (e), have the rectilinear first quarter margin; the rest are circular. The final letter of ثمان is commonly flourished; in one case, (h), the final letter of سبعين is also. The final letter of بالاندلس is sometimes ornamental; and on (d) the ر of عامر is flourished.

(d) /

○/عامر

HSA 15021 (3.35).

(e) image/عامر

HSA 13455 (date?), 13644, 15017 (3.18, 2.58, 3.06), BM ix, 104t,u, Brethes 523 (?).

(f) image/عامر

HSA 15016 (3.32).

(g) image/عامر

HSA 15022 (2.50 twice pierced).

(h) image/عامر

HSA 13447 (3.28).

Plate vi

(i)image/عامر

B. 318.

(j)

HSA 13431, 13448 (3.24, 2.81 segment lacking), Brethes 523(?).

As (e).

(k) image image/عامر

HSA 13452 (2.75 segment lacking).

(l) image image/عامر

HSA 15020 (3.48).

(m) As (l). image/عامر (?)

HSA 13443 (2.94 twice pierced).

(n) image image/عامر

HSA 13444 (3.03).

(o) As (n). image/عامر

HSA 13488 (3.30).

(p) image

HSA 15019 (2.88 twice pierced).

As (d).

(q) image/○

HSA 15018 (2.66).

As (e).

(r) Date doubtful.

image image/عامر

Floral ر of لا شريك.

HSA 15555 (4.38).

(s) As (d) but ornaments not described.

V. 508 [21], C. [26], Cerda 188, Cuenca [3], Lorichs 4814 [2], R. 239 [9 spec. of 8 var.], Soret à Fraehn, p. 210 (date?), Dos Santos 3036.

(t) Details lacking.

Elche.

281. 378 A. H. = 988/9 A. D.

Sijilmāsah

Gold.

Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: mint-date.

V. 669 [Gayangos].

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

M.: Q. IX, 33 (?).

282. 378 A. H. = 988/9 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

The first quarter of the margin of (a) is rectilinear; the margin of (b) is circular.

(a) /

image

الامام هشام

المؤيد بالله

امير المؤمنين

عامر

HSA 15520 (2.71)

(b) Decade lacking due to missing fragment; probably 378.

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

HSA 15542 (2.42 segment lacking).

(c) As (a) but ornament not described.

V. 601 [Gayangos, Codera], R. 289.

283. 379 A. H. = 989/90 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: Q. IX, 33.

image

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

M.: mint-date.

Many of the letters end in floral flourishes.

Plate vi

HSA 13207 (4.27).

(b) Dinar. As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 509 [Gayangos, Codera, Vives (2)], BM ix, 100x, P.y V., Badajoz , 34, R. 240.

(c) Dinar. Area as (a) but no ornament. image/عامر

M.: mint-date.

M.: Q. IX, 33.

P. 269.

Silver.

All the specimens seen have circular margins. All have the floral ر of لا شريك, and on most specimens the final letter of المؤمنين and of عامر is flourished.

It is remarkable that of the specimens seen no two are alike (with one possible exception); and it is to be noted that all 34 specimens in the Madrid collection are, to judge by Rada's notation, different. There must have been an extraordinary number of dies.

(d) /

∴/عامر

HSA 13462 (2.52).

(e) image/عامر

HSA 13463 (2.37).

(f) image/عامر

HSA 13467 (2.94).

(g) image/عامر

HSA 13433 (2.21).

(h) •/ image/عامر

B. 319.

(i) As (h). image/عامر

P. 277.

(j) ○/

image/عامر

HSA 13426 (3.15 twice pierced).

(k) image/

•/عامر

HSA 13453 (3.01).

(l) As (k). ○○/عامر

B. 320.

(m) As (k). image/عامر

HSA 13460 (2.55).

(n) As (k) ○ ○/عامر

C. pl. IX, pp. 93–4 [Gayangos].

(o) image ‥/عامر

Østrup 2289.

(p)image(?)/عامر

Brethes 524.

(q) image image/عامر

HSA 13428 (2.77 twice pierced).

(r) image image/عامر

ANS (2.40).

(s) As (r). image/عامر

HSA 13468 (3.25).

(t) image image/عامر

HSA 13430, 13435 (3.40, 3.38 both twice pierced).

(u) image/ image/عامر

HSA 13437 (3.57), P. 276.

(v) image

HSA 13641 (3.79).

As (e).

(w) image

image/عامر

HSA 13424 (2.59 twice pierced).

(x) As (w).

image/عامر

HSA 13432 (4.13).

(y) image

HSA 13425 (3.17 twice pierced).

As (w).

(z) Uncertain floral ornament

image/عامر

HSA 13427 (3.35 twice pierced).

(aa) Uncertain ornament/○

image/عامر

HSA 13475 (3.25 twice pierced, one hole plugged).

(bb) As (d) but ornaments uncertain or not described.

V. 510 [55], C. [92], BM ix, 104y, Brethes 524, Cerda 188, Cuenca [6], GT. 5894–6, Lorichs 4815 [3], M. p. 75, R. 241 [34 spec. of 34 var.], Dos Santos 3036, Gagarine, Sotheby.

(cc) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [5].

284. 379 A. H. = 989/90 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

The two HSA specimens have circular margins.

(a) /

الامام هشام

المؤيد بالله

امير المؤمنين

عامر

The word سنة is omitted.

HSA 15521 (3.15).

(b) As (a) but سنة apparently not omitted.

V. 602 [Codera], Delgado, Clasificacion, Thorburn.

(c) As (a) but سنة not omitted, and digit written: تسعة.

HSA 15522 (2.35), V. 603 [Codera, Vives].

285. 37X A. H. = [981–990 A. D.].

Al-Andalus

Silver

(a) /

image/عامر

HSA 13429 (3.95).

(b) ?/عامر

HSA 13457 (3.35 twice pierced & plugged).

286. 380 A. H. = 990/1 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

ر of لا شريك ends: image

M.: mint-date (various points and ornaments).

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

M.: Q. IX, 33.

Inner circle enclosing area terminates at top with image; عامر ends in floral flourish.

Plate vi

HSA 13208 (4.00).

(b) Dinar.

image/

image/عامر

Various points and ornaments in margin (BM). BM ii, 101, P. 260.

(c) Dinar.

image/?

DR. 45.

As (b).

(d) Dinar. As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 511 [Academia, Gayangos, Codera, Vives (2)], P. y V., Badajoz, 35, R. 242 [2 var.].

Silver.

The margins of all specimens seen, with the exception of the unique coin (kk), are circular. On most specimens the ر of لا شريك and the final letter of المؤمنين and عامر are flourished.

(e) •/ ∴/عامر

Clark.

(f)

image/عامر

image above 2nd line.

HSA 15026 (3.32).

(g) ∴/عامر

HSA 13440 (2.96).

(h) image ○/عامر

• above 2nd line.

HSA 13479 (2.44).

(i) image image/عامر

image above 2nd line.

HSA 13436 (2.88)

(j) As (i). image/عامر

HSA 13441–2, 13481, 13708 (3.28, 3.00 thrice pierced, 3.02, 2.87 twice pierced), B. 324.

(k) As (i). image/عامر

○ ○ above 2nd line.

HSA 15028 (2.61 segment lacking), Yockers.

(l) As (i). image/عامر

The ornament grows out of the circle enclosing the area. HSA 15030 has ∴ above 2nd line.

HSA 13439, 15030 (2.72 twice pierced, 3.34), ANS (2.94).

(m) image

HSA 13482 (3.07).

As (e).

(n) As (m).

HSA 13465 has ∴ above 2nd line.

As (j).

HSA 13445, 13465 (2.83, 3.62 segment lacking).

(o) image

HSA 15023 (2.75).

As (j).

(p) As (o). image/عامر

Bardo.

image/

image/عامر

HSA 13478 (2.90 twice pierced).

(r) As (q).

ANS (2.76).

As (j).

(s) image/

image/عامر

∴ above 2nd line.

HSA 13446, 13469 (2.17, 3.00 twice pierced).

(t) As (s).

HSA 13483 (3.31).

As (j).

(u) image/

/عامر

HSA has ∴ above 2nd line.

HSA 15025 (3.41), P. 278, Ashmolean 104.

(v) As (u). ○/عامر

Either ثمـ of ثمانين or نة of سنة omitted.

HSA 13487 (3.03 twice pierced).

(w) As (u) but date correctly written.

HSA 13450 (2.88 twice pierced).

As (s).

(x) As (u) but date correctly written. image/عامر

• above 2nd line.

HSA 13471 (2.50 twice pierced).

(y) As (u) but date correctly written.

As (j).

HSA 13458 and 13474 have image above 2nd line.

HSA 13458, 13474, 15027 (2.26, 2.97, 2.93), B. 322–3.

(z) image

HSA 13485 (3.35).

As (g).

(aa) As (z). image/عامر

∴ above 2nd line.

HSA 13459 (2.66 twice pierced).

(bb) As (z).

As (j).

HSA 13476 and Hallenberg have • above 2nd line.

HSA 13472 has ∴ above 2nd line.

HSA 13454, 13472, 13476 (3.26, 2.52 both twice pierced, 2.08), B.321, Hallenberg, no. XXVII, p. 183, pl. VII = Collectio, p. 36, M. p. 75.

(dd) image

HSA 13477 (2.99 twice pierced).

As (aa).

(ee) As (dd).

HSA 13438 (2.74).

As (j).

(ff) As (dd).

• above 2nd line.

HSA 15949 (2.58).

As (l).

(gg) Uncertain ornament

HSA 15557 (2.45 broken and fragmentary).

As (g).

(hh) Ornaments uncertain or not described.

HSA 13449 (2.48), V. 512 [41], C. [97], BM ii, 105, Brethes [3, confused descriptions], Campaner, Num. Bal. p. 255, Casanova 970, Cerda 188, Cuenca [5], Delgado, Clasificacion [3], GT. 5897, Lorichs 4816, Østrup 2290, R. 243 [35 spec, of 30 var.], Dos Santos 3061, Gagarine.

25*

(ii) Uncertain ornament الامام هشام

المؤيد بالله

امير المؤمنين

عامر

HSA 15024 (2.96), V. 604 [Vives], Cerda 191 (? "invertida la leyenda de la segunda área").

Note that the arrangement of the lines in the reverse area is similar to that common at Fãs. Vives, in conformance with certain principles established by him but not defined, attributes the above issue and (jj) to Fãs.

(jj) Details lacking but usual arrangement of lines on rev. with عامر beneath.

V. 605 [Codera, Vives], Dos Santos 3037.

(kk) Date questioned.

/ابو شهيد (?)

عامر/الحاجب

C. [Gayangos, Madrid + 1] (cf. Codera, Titulos, p. 86, where it is stated that both date and mint are very obscure).

(ll) Details lacking.

Elche, Cordoba [3].

In the Welzl von Wellenheim catalogue (p. 577) a dirhem of Saraqustah is attributed to the year 380 (?) and references are made to Adler (no. 91) and Marsden (no. CCCXXXVI). All three of these coins are undoubtedly issues of the Ḥũdid, Aḥmad I. The date cannot be correct.

287. 380 A. H. = 990/1 A. D.

Madĩnat Ṭarĩfah

Silver.

image/ابو شهيد

عامر/الحاجب

M.: بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم بمدينة طريفة سنة ثمنين وثلـ

M.: Q. IX, 33.

Plate vi

Thorburn (2.46).

288. 380 A. H. = 990/1 A. D.

Madĩnat Fãs

Silver.

(a) image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

....لا شـ

M.: (sic) ينة فاس سنة ثمانين و...

○(?)

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

M.: Q. IX, 33.

HSA 15551 (2.04, 2/3 frg.).

(b) As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 606 [Vives].

(c) Details lacking.

M. p. 76, no. 184.

I reject Brethes no. 698 which is attributed to Fãs, 380, but the description of which is unintelligible.

Note the issues nos. 286 (ii) and (jj), with mint-name al-Andalus, which Vives attributes to Fãs.

289. 381 A. H. = 991/2 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: mint-date.

Fleuron

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

BM ix, 101b.

M.: Q. IX, 33.

(b) As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 513 [Gayangos], P. y V., Badajoz, 36, R. 244.

Silver.

The margins of all specimens seen are circular. The following letters are commonly ornamented: ن of المؤمنين and ر of عامر. In some instances the ر of لا شريك, the ن of ثمانين, and the ر of الدرهم end with floral fourishes.

(c) /

?/عامر

Ornament above area, if any, obliterated by hole.

HSA 15051 (2.95 twice pierced).

(d) /

○/عامر

BM ii, 106, Brethes 526.

(e) ∴ /عامر

HSA 15031 (3.11).

(f) As (e). ∴/عامر

HSA 15034, 15053(2.86, 2.78).

(g) As (e). image/عامر

HSA 15046 (2.37).

(h)

HSA 15047 (2.93 twice pierced).

As (f).

(i) image

HSA 15049 (2.99).

As (d).

(j) As (i). image/عامر

HSA 15048 (3.26 twice pierced).

(k) image

HSA 15033 (3.14 pierced), Brethes 526(?).

As (f).

(l) As (k), but distinct style with various flourished letters. image/عامر

HSA 15032 (3.23).

(m) As (k).

HSA 15045 (2.72).

As (d).

(n) image.

HSA 13640 (2.78).

As (e).

Plate vi

(o) As (n).

BM ix, 108a.

As (f).

(p) image

HSA 13646 (1.93), Dos Santos 3038.

As (f).

(q) image image/عامر

HSA 15043 (2.44 segment lacking).

(r) As (q). image/عامر

B. 325.

(s) image image/عامر

Dos Santos 3036 [2].

image

HSA 15036 (3.54), B. 327, Boston (4 times pierced).

As (e).

(u) As (t).

HSA 13650, 16037–8, 15040, 15042 (2.54, 2.96, 3.13, 3.04, 3.07), BM ii, 108, B. 326, Bardo.

As (f).

(V) As (t).

HSA 15041 (3.55), BM ii, 107.

As (d).

(w) As (t).

HSA 15039 (3.07).

As (s).

(X) As (t).

HSA 15035 (4.19), BM ix, 107a.

As (q).

(y) image image/عامر

Ornament grows out of circle enclosing area.

HSA 15044 (3.67 twice pierced).

(z) Floral ornament partly obliterated by hole, above area.?/عامر (obliterated by hole)

HSA 15050 (2.69 twice pierced).

(aa) As (c) but ornaments uncertain or not described.

V. 614 [36], C. [69], Brethes 626 [2], Campaner, Num. Bal., p. 255, Cerda 192, Cuenca [4], Delgado, Clasificacion, Kh. p. 327(?), Lorichs 4817 [2], M. p. 75 (?), Østrup 2291, R. 246 [33 spec. of 27 var.], Gagarine, Sotheby.

(bb) Digit questionable.

Obscure floral ornament

HSA 15513 (2.43 twice pierced).

(cc) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [3].

Dirhams of Al-Andalus, 381 A. H., with محمد and عامر, and with "el Bakri" (in the Gagarine list) are doubtless to be rejected.

290. 381 A. H. = 991/2 A. D.

Madīnat Al-Andalus

Gold.

Dinar.

M.: mint-date.

P. 1112 = V. 1419.

/شهيد

M.: Q. IX, 33 (?).

Lavoix (and Vives) designate the above dinar an imitation. The epigraphy is apparently semi-barbaric, for Lavoix "rectified" the legends.

291. 381 A. H. = 991/2 A. D.

Madānat al-Zahrā' Gold.

Dinar.

M.: Q. IX, 33.

BM ix, 101c.

image/عامر

M.: mint-date.

292. 381 A. H. = 991/2 A. D.

Sijilmāsah

Gold.

Dinar.

M.: Q. IX, 33 (?).

V. 670 [Gayangos].

/عامر

M.: mint-date.

293. 381 A. H. = 991/2 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

(a) /

• at left of 1st line. Floral ر of لا شريك.

Ο

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

Hallenberg no. XXVIII, p. 185, pl. VII = Collectio, p. 38.

(b) As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 607 [6], R. 290 [3 var.].

294. 381 A. H. = 991/2 A. D.

Madīnat Qurṭubah

Silver.

image/ (blurred)

Ο/عامر

Floral ر of لا شريك.

Circular margin. Plate vi

HSA 15165 (3.28) = V. 523 [Codera] (cf. V. p. XXVIII, and Prieto p. 98).

Although Codera's coin has never been illustrated, there can be little doubt that the Hispanic Society specimen is the identical piece.

295. 382 A. H. = 992/3 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

With the exception of the unusual issues (ee)–(gg) the margins of all specmiens seen are circular. There are many variations in ornamental epigraphy: some have the floral ر of لا شريك and عامر; the ر of لا شريك in at least one instance (i) ends image; the ر of ضرب in (c) is floral. There are frequent ornaments image in the obverse margin, and in some cases ∴ in the reverse margin.

(a) /

/عامر

HSA 13643 (2.48).

(b) /

○/عامر

HSA 15068–9, 15071 (4.04, 3.54 both twice pierced, 2.84 segment lacking).

(c) ○/

HSA 15067 (3.40), B. 329.

As (a).

(d) As (c). ∴/عامر

P. 280.

(e) As (c).

HSA 15063 (2.97 twice pierced), Clark.

As (b).

(f) As (c). image/عامر

Date of HSA 15065 is obscure.

HSA 15064–5 (3.00, 3.75 twice pierced).

(g) As (c). image/عامر

HSA 15066 (2.61).

(h) As (c). image/عامر

HSA 15062 (2.08).

Ornament grows out of circle enclosing area.

(i) image

image/عامر

HSA 15059, 15076 (2.49, 3.46).

(j)

HSA 15058 (3.68 twice pierced, damaged).

As (b).

(k) As (j).

HSA 15078 (3.16).

As (f).

∴ over ش of هشام.

(l) As (j).

HSA 15077 (3.42).

As (h).

(m) image

HSA 15061 (3.26 pierced).

As (a).

(n) As (m).

HSA 15060 (3.85 twice pierced).

As (d).

(o) image

HSA 15081 (2.75 segment lacking).

As (b).

(p) As (o).

Brethes 527.

"2 points'/عامر

(q) As (o).

HSA 15074 (3.48), ANS (3.54 twice pierced).

As (d).

(r) image/

HSA 15082 (3.16 twice pierced).

As (f).

(s) image/

/عامر

Circle of dots between two linear circles enclosing area.

HSA 13645, 15075 (3.06 twice pierced, 3.34), B. 328, Dos Santos 3039.

(t) image/

HSA 15073 (3.56 twice pierced), P. 279.

As (b).

(u) As (t).

As (d).

HSA 15055 has ∴ above 2nd line.

HSA 15054–5 (3.57, 3.46), Østrup 2292(?).

(v) As (t). image/عامر

HSA 15084 (2.74).

(W) As (t).

HSA 15056, 15072 (3.00 damaged, 3.72 twice pierced).

As (f).

(x) image/

BM ii, 109.

Ornament/عامر

(y) image/

HSA 15057 (3.13 twice pierced).

image/عامر

(z) image/

ANS (2.45).

As (d).

(aa) image

∴(?)/عامر

HSA 15083 (1.92 clipped & twice pierced).

(bb) image

image/عامر

HSA 15080 (2.55 twice pierced).

(cc) Uncertain floral ornament

HSA 15079 (3.13)).

As (b).

(dd) As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 515 [39], C. [87], Cerda 192, Cuenca [6], Delgado, Clasificacion, Escoriol 1649, GT. 5898–9, Lorichs 4818 [2], M. p. 75(?), R. 246 [46 of 38 var.], Dos Santos 8089, 8061, Gagarine.

(ee) /

∴/عامر

All four sides of margin are rectilinear, forming a square. Several ornaments (• and ∴) in margin.

HSA 15070 (2.46).

(ff) As (ee) but different die with ornaments image and ∴. in margin.

HSA 15052 (3.13).

image/عامر

(gg) As (ee), "orla cuadrada," ornaments not described. Cerda 194.

(hh) Details lacking.

Elche, Cordoba [5], Low.

296. 382 A. H. = 992/3 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

(a) /

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

HSA 15525, 15554 [date very obscure] (2.47 twice pierced, 2.94).

(b) Ο/

/•رعامر

Unusually fine epigraphy for the Fās mint. The م of الدرهم ends in a fine floral flourish. The date is confusingly written and includes several superimposed ornaments, but it is almost certainly 382.

Plate vii

HSA 15530 (2.89).

(c) image/

HSA 15548 (2.98).

As (a).

(d) As (c).

HSA 15550 (3.43).

•/عامر

(e) /

As (a).

Ο at right of 1st line. Very obscure and incomplete date.

HSA 15549 (1.98 segment lacking).

(f) As (e). Ο/عامر

HSA 15524 has rectilinear 1st quarter margin.

HSA 15524, 15552 (2.79, 2.18).

(g) •/image

/• عامر image

Bartholomaei à Soret, RNB 1861, p. 32, no. 11.

Conde describes (p. 255) and illustraes (pl. I, 10) a supposed dinar of Madīat al-Zahrā', 382 A. H. With anomalous inscriptions and date illegible in the engraving, it is certainly to be rejected as fanciful.

297. 383 A. H. = 993/4 A. D.

Al-Andlalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: mint-date.

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

M.: Q. IX, 33.

V. 516 [Gayangos], P. y V., Badajoz , 37.

Silver.

All specimens seen have the circular obverse margin. Some have floral ر of لا شريك and عامر. On most specimen the digits, ثلث is written ثلثـ.

(b) /

/عامر

HSA 13676, 15104 (2.82, 3.47), Bardo.

(c) /

Ο/عامر

HSA 15086, 15102 (3.42, 3.02), B. 331, Brethes 528, Østrup 2293 (probably).

(d) /

∴/عامر

HSA 15097 (2.991), V. and A.

(e) /

image/عامر

HSA 15103, 15105 (3.19 thrice pierced, 2.57).

(f) Ο/

HSA 15111 (3.81).

As (b).

(g) As (f).

HSA 15099, 15108 (3.53 twice pierced, 2.87), B. 330.

As (c).

(h) As (f).

HSA 13701, 15096, 15098 (1.81 damaged, 2.89, 3.57), Christ church , p. 30.

As (d).

(i) As (f). image/عامر

HSA 15100 (3.32).

(j) As (f). image/عامر

HSA 15101, 15110, 15112 (2.75, 2.79, 2.76), P. 281.

(k) •/

BM ix, 109g, B. 334.

As (d).

(l) Ο/

HSA 15094–5 (3.11, 3.90 twice pierced).

As (b).

(m) As (l).

HSA 15093 (3.54).

As (c).

(n) As (l).

HSA 13648, 15088–9 (2.88, 2.95 twice pierced, 2.91), BM ix, 109d, B. 333.

As (d).

(o) As (l).

HSA 15090 (3.33 twice pierced).

As (i).

(p) As (l).

HSA 15091–2, 15117 (3.02 twice pierced, 2.97, 2.62), BM ix, 109c(?).

As (j).

(q) image/

HSA 15107, 15109, 15114, 15116 (3.29, 3.08 damaged, 3.21, 2.75), BM ix, 109e(?), Brethes 528(?).

As (c).

(r)As (q). image (?)/عامر

HSA 15113 (2.31).

(s) As (q). •/عامر

B. 332.

(t) As (q).

HSA 15118 (2.83 segment lacking), Christ Church p. 30 (?) = Ashmolean 105.

As (d).

(u) As (q).

HSA 13642 (3.79).

As (j).

(v) image/

HSA 15115 (3.47 twice pierced).

As (c).

(w) image/

image/عامر

Windisch-Grätz 77.

(x) /

/عامر

M.: Q. IX, 33.

M.: mint-date. HSA 15119 has ornaments in margin.

HSA 15119, 15163 (3.39, 4.06).

(y) image/fleuron

M. : mint-date.

image/عامر

BM ix, 109f.

M.: mint-date.

(z) As (b) but ornaments not described.

V. 517 [54], C. [77], Cerda 195, Cuenca [7], Delgado, Clarification, GT. 5900–01, Lorichs 4819, M. p. 75 (?), R. 247 [26 spec, of 22 var.], Dos Santos 3040, Gagarine, Sotheby.

(aa) Details lacking.

Elche, Cordoba.

298. 383 A. H. = 993/4 A. D.

Sijilmāsab

Gold.

Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: Q. IX, 33.

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

• at left of 1st line.

M. : mint-date.

P. 274 = V. 671 [Paris, Vives].

299. 383 A. H. = 993/4 A.D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

(a) /

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

HSA 14123 (2.89).

(b) /

image/عامر

م of بسم ends in floral flourish.

HSA 15564 (2.86).

(e) /

/[⸮ عامر]

Coin lacking at top.

HSA 15526 (1/3 frg.).

(d) As (a) but ornaments, if any, not described.

V. 608 [Gayangos, Vives], Brethes 599, Cerda 196, Cuerca, M. p. 75, no. 188, R. 291.

I have assigned Cerda's no. 197, supposedly of Fās, year 383, with المعز, to the year 393.

300. 384 A. H. = 994/5 A.D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: mint-date.

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

V. 518 [Vives], P.y V., Badajoz , 38.

M.: Q. IX, 33.

Silver.

All specimens seen have the circular obverse margin. The ر of لا شريك usually floral; and some specimens have ornaments such as ∴ and image in the obverse margin. The digit is written اربع unless otherwise noted.

(b) /

/عامر

Digit written: اربعة

HSA 15132–3 (2.39 twice pierced, 2.74).

(C) /

Ο/عامر

HSA 15127, 15143, 15523 (3.57, 3.07 twice pierced, 3.02).

(d) /

As (c).

Digit written: اربعة

HSA 15134 (2.55).

(e) /

∴/عامر

Digit written: اربعة

HSA 15131 (3.60).

(f) /

image/عامر

Digit written: اربعة

HSA 15140 (3.05).

(g) Ο

HSA 15138 (3.05), ANS (3.33), Brethes 529(?).

As (c).

(h)

As (g) but digit written: اربعة

As(g)

HSA 15137 (3.11).

(i) As (h). •/عامر

HSA 15142 (2.71).

(j) As (g).

HSA 15128, 15139 (3.80, 3.06).

As (f).

(k) •.

Digit written: اربعة

B. 335.

As (f).

(l) ∴/

HSA 15121, 15123 (3.62, 2.66), BM ix, 109k.

As (b).

(m) As (l).

HSA 15106, 15135–6, 15145 (2.75, 2.14, 3.40, 3.33), Clark.

As (c).

(n) As (l).

HSA 15130, 15144 (3.44, 2.70).

As (e).

(o) As (l) but digit written: اربعة

As (n).

HSA 15141 (3.75).

(p) As (l).

HSA 15125 (3.39).

As (f).

(q) As (l). image/عامر

Ornament grows out of circle enclosing area.

HSA 15122 (2.56 pierced).

(r) image/

HSA 15124 (3.42), B. 336.

As (c).

(s) As (r).

As (p).

HSA 15120, 15126 (3.32, 3.14).

(t) As (r) but digit written: اربعة

As (p).

HSA 15129 (3.55 twice pierced).

(u) As (r).

As (q).

Yockers.

(v) As (r). image/عامر

P. 282.

(w) As (b) but ornaments uncertain or not described; manner of writing digit not specified.

V. 519 [28], C. [56], Brethes 529 [2], Campaner, Num. Bal., p. 255, Cerda 198, Cuenca [6], Delgado, Clasificacion [2], Lorichs 4820, M. p. 75 (?), R. 248 [7 var.], Gagarine.

(x) Details lacking.

Elche, Cordoba [4], Seaby 2/49.

I reject the Gagarine dirhem of Al-Andalus, 384, with ابو شهيد and محمد.

301. 384 A. H. = 994/5 A. D.

Sijilmāsah

Gold.

Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M. : Q. IX, 33 (?).

Brethes 584.

عا

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

امر

M. : mint-date.

This coin is supposed to be, but is not, illustrated.

302. 384 A. H. = 994/5 A. D.

Madīnat Sijilmāsah

Gold.

Dinar.

M. : Q. IX, 33 (?).

Brethes 586.

fleuron (?)/عامر

M. : mint-date.

303. 384 A. H. = 994/5 A. D.

Safāqus (Sfax)?

Gold.

Dinar. "Var. del no. 609 [Vives], con la ceca de Sfax?" Adquisiciones en 1932, XII, 7.

Vives 609 is the dirhem issue for Fās for the year 384, with the usual inscriptions. The coin appears to be illustrated in plate V, no. 11, of the cited article, but it is not legible.

304. 384 A. H. = 994/5 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

(a) /

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

Plate vii

HSA 15527–9, 15531 (3.14 twice pierced, 2.44 segment lacking, 2.67 twice pierced, 2.12 clipped and twice pierced), ANS (3.00), V. 609 [9], BM ix, 109m, Brethes 600 (ornament beneath obv.?), Cerda 199, Cuenca , GT. 5902, M. p. 75, no. 190 (?), Østrup 2294, R. 292, Sotheby.

(b) Not described except as "variant of V. 609" ((a) above), with only the digit preserved, and "struck in Al-Andalus," which the author remarks is "not unusual."

Vives, Lote.

305. 385 A. H. = 995 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: mint-date.

P. y V., Badajoz , 39.

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

M.: Q. IX, 33.

Silver.

All specimens seen have circular obverse margins. The ر of لا شريك and of عامر is floral on a few specimens.

(b) Ο/ (sometimes appearing as •)

/عامر

HSA 15154, 15157 (3.12, 3.32), P. 283.

(c) As (b). Ο/عامر(sometimes appearing as •)

HSA 13700, 15150–1, 15153 (3.32 twice pierced, 2.58, 2.90, 1.97),

BM ii, 110.

(d) As (b). image/عامر

HSA 15152 (3.70), BM ix, 110a (?).

(e) As (b). image/عامر

Ornament grows out of inner of 2 linear circles enclosing area.

HSA 15149 (2.63).

(f) As (b).

M. p. 879, no. 190a.

Rev. not described.

(g) ∴/

image/عامر

HSA 13649 (2.84).

(h) As (g). Rev. not described, or uncertain.

M. p. 879, no. 190b, Dos Santos 3040.

(i) image/

ʟ/عامر

HSA 15155 (3.67).

(j) As (i).

HSA 27786 (3.13).

As (e).

(k) image

As (i).

HSA 15146–7, 27792 (3.27, 2.87 twice pierced, 2.86).

(l) As (k).

HSA 15148 (3.37).

As (e).

(m) image

HSA 15159 (3.37).

As (b).

(n) image

HSA 14647 (2.98).

As (b).

(o) As (n).

HSA 15156, 15158 (3.57, 3.05).

As (i).

(p) "Pomegranate" image/عامر

Bardo.

(q) As (k).

M. p. 880, no. 190c.

Rev. not described.

(r) "Fleur-de-lis" Uncertain ornament/عامر

Dos Santos 3040.

(s) "Tulip"

Dos Santos 3040.

As (r).

(t) As (b) but ornaments not described.

V. 520 [17], C. [28], Campaner, Num. Bal., p. 255, Cerda 200, Cuenca [3], GT. 5903 (?), Lorichs 4821 [2], R. 249 [8 var.], Gagarine.

(u) As (b) but rev./image and ornaments, if any, not described.

V. 528 [Vives].

(v) /محمد image/عامر

P. 284.

(w) Details lacking.

Elche, Cordoba.

A coin in the Dos Santos list (no. 3041) is described as a variant of BM ii, 111 (year 387 with مفرج), or of V. 531 (year 386, also with مفرج). I doubt that the specimen is dated 385, but is rather of 386 or 387.

306. 385 A. H. = 995 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

(a) /

HSA 15537 has a large floral ر in لا شريك. المؤيد بالله

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

HSA 15532, 15533 (mint lacking), 15537 (date and mint obscure) (frg., 2.77, 2.92 twice pierced), V. 610 [4], Cerda 201, Cuenca, Delgado, Clarification, R. 293(?).

(b) /

⸮/عامر

Brethes 601.

Brethes lists another specimen with legends similar to (b), but the illustration does not conform and is not clear enough to enable one to verify the date. محمد is definitely not beneath the obverse, and there is some word other than عامر beneath the reverse.

307. 385 A. H. = 995 A. D.

No Mint (?)

Silver.

/عامر

Date questioned. V. 668 [Vives].

308. 386 A. H. = 996 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

مفرج

Ornament

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

M.: mint-date.

BM ix, 101k.

M.: Q. IX, 33.

(b) Dinar. As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 529 [Gayangos, Vives (2)], P. y V., Badajoz, 40, R. 268.

(c) One-third dinar (or one-quarter?).

As (a), except size and weight, and ornaments not described. V. 530 = R. 269.

Silver.

All specimens seen have circular obverse margins. The ر of لا شريك and عامر is floral on some specimens; the digit ست is written image on most specimens.

(d) /

•/عامر

Østrup 2295.

(e) image/عامر

P. 287.

(f) Ο عامر

HSA 15160 (3.02), M. p. 75, no. 191 (?).

(g) As (f).

Fleuron/عامر

Brethes 530.

(h) ∴ ∴/عامر

Two dots over ت of ست.

HSA 15087 (3.46).

(i) As (h). image/عامر

BM ix, 110c = (probably) Marsden CCCXXXVII, p. 323.

(j) image image/عامر

B. 339.

(k) image Ο/عامر

HSA 15161 (3.15).

(l) As (k). Uncertain ornament/عامر

HSA 15162 (2.99).

(m) As (d) but ornaments not described.

V. 521 [10], C. [15], Cuenca , Delgado, Clasificacion, R. 250 [8 var.], Gagarine.

(n) As (d) but rev./image, and ornaments, if any, not described.

R. 251.

(o) /مفرج image/عامر

• under ف of مفرج.

HSA 15173 (3.40 twice pierced).

(p)Ο/مفرج

As (k)

On HSA 15176 عامر appears to be written image.

ο over ض of ضرب.

HSA 15169, 15176 (2.99, 3.30 twice pierced).

(q) Ο/مفرج

As (i).

HSA 13655 (2.55).

(r) As (q). image/عامر

BM ix, 110e.

(s) Ο/مفرج

As (j).

• under ف of مفرج.

Plate vii

HSA 15172 (3.13), P. 285.

(t)•/مفرج

As (s).

ο over ض of ضرب

HSA 15188 (3.93 pierced), B. 338.

(u)

As (k).

• under ف of مفرج.

HSA 15177 (3.45).

(v) As (u). image/عامر

C. pi. IX, p. 94 [Gayangos].

(w) As (u).

As (s).

HSA 15175 has ο over ض of ضرب.

HSA 15174–5 (2.91 twice pierced, 3.21 damaged).

(x) image

As (k).

ο over ض of ضرب.

ANS (3.93).

(y) As (x). image/عامر

B. 337.

(z) image/مفرج

As (i).

HSA 15170 (3.36).

(aa) As (z).

As (v).

• beneath ف of مفرج.

HSA 15171 (2.75), P. 286.

(bb) Spring/مفرج Spring/عامر

BM ix, 110d.

(cc) As (o) with مفرج and عامر, but ornaments not described.

V. 531 [17], C. [24], Cerda 202, Cuenca [5], Lorichs 4822, R. 271 [7 var.], Gagarine.

(dd) مفرج image

Ornaments, if any, not described.

V. 534 [Vives].

(ee) image/محمد Flower/عامر

P. 288.

(ff) Details lacking.

Elche , Cordoba [4].

309. 386 A. H. = 996 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

All specimens seen have large flans, and the ر of لا شريك ends in a large floral ornament.

(a) /

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

Digit written: ستة

HSA 15535–6 (4.27 twice pierced, 3.51 thrice pierced), B. 390.

(b) /

image/عامر

Digit written: ستة

ر of ضرب ends in floral flourish.

HSA 15534 (3.19), B. 391.

(c) As (a) but ornaments, if any, not described.

V. 611 [9], Cerda 203, Cuenca, GT. 5904–5, M. p. 75, no. 193, R. 294 [2 var.].

(d) As (a) but mint "al-Andalus"; attributed on grounds of style to Fās; ornaments, if any, not described.

V. 612 [Codera (2)].

310. 387 A. H. = 997 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

مفرج

M.: mint-date.

P. y V., Badajoz , 41.

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

M.: Q. IX, 33.

(b) One-third dinar (or one-quarter?).

As (a) except size and weight.

V. 532 [Vives], R. 270.

(c) Dinar.

Ornament/محمد Fleuron/عامر

BM ix, 101m.

(d) Dinar. As (c) but ornaments not described.

V. 535 [Gayangos], P. y V., Badajoz , 42, R. 252.

(e) Dinar. No description. Found in the ruins of Olérdola and now lost.

Mateu y Llopis, Hallazgos IV, no. CLXVII.

Silver.

All specimens seen, with one single exception (HSA 13651, (bb) below), have circular obverse margins. The exception has the first quarter rectilinear.

(f) /

V. 595 [Vives], C. [Codera, date questioned, + 1].

(g) /مفرج

/عامر

HSA 15195 (3.27), BM ii, 111, Thorburn.

(h) As (g). Ο/عامر

HSA 15185 (3.37), Ashmolean 109(?).

(i) As (g). image/عامر

HSA 15186–7 (3.72, 3.41).

(j) Ο (or •)/مفرج

As(g).

HSA 15180–1 (3.17 twice pierced, 3.09), ANS (2.83), B. 345.

(k) As (j). Ο (or •)/عامر

HSA 13656, 13659, 13661, 13689–90, 15178, 15182, 15190 (3.37, 2.47, 3.59, 3.00 pierced and damaged, 4.10, 2.84, 3.17, 3.36), BM ix, 111a P. 289, B. 342–3, Brethes 533–4, Dos Santos 3041 [3].

(l) As (j). ∴/عامر

HSA 15179 (2.94).

(m) As (j).

As (i).

HSA 15183, 15191 (2.99, 3.06), Yale.

(n) As (j). image/عامر

HSA 13654 (3.20).

(o) •/مفرج image/عامر

Østrup 2296 (?).

(p) As (o).

As (n).

HSA 15194 (3.13 twice pierced), ANS (2.31).

(q) ∴/مفرج

HSA 15194 (3.13 twice pierced), ANS (2.31).

As (g).

(r) As (q).

HSA 13695 (3.28 twice pierced).

As (h).

(s) As (q). image/عامر

HSA 15193 (3.45).

(t) image/مفرج.

Clark.

As (g).

(u) As (t).

HSA 15192 (3.92).

As (h).

(v) image/مفرج

As (l)

B. 341.

(w) As (v). image/عامر

B. 340.

(x) image/مفرج.

HSA 15184 (3.50), Ashmolean 108 (?).

As (g).

(y) As (x).

HSA 15189 (3.10).

As (h).

(z) As (x). image/عامر

ANS (3.50).

(aa) As (g) but ornaments uncertain or not described.

V. 533 [26], C. [36], Cerda 204, Cuenca [2], Delgado, Clasificacion [4], GT. 5906, R. 272 [9 spec, of 2 var.], Dos Santos 3041, 3061, 3063, Gagarine [2], Schulman 11/18/07, 5/5/08.

(bb) محمد

HSA 13651 (3.33), Brethes 531.

As (h).

(cc) Ο/محمد

HSA 15199 (3.32).

As (i).

(dd) image/محمد

HSA 15198 (2.46).

As (w).

(ee) Fleur-de-lis/محمد

Østrup 2297.

As (l).

(ff) As (bb) but ornaments uncertain or not described.

V. 536 [Vives (3)], C. [6], Cuenca [2], Brethes 532, GT. 5907, R. 253 [9 spec, of 5 var.], Schulman 11/18/07.

(gg) Details lacking.

Casanova 971, Elche, M. p. 75, Gagarine [6], Sotheby [2].

311. 387 A. H. = 997 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

(a) Ο

Ο

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

Some of the terminal letters in the margin are up-turned and ornamented.

B. 392 has سبعة.

HSA 15538, 15541 (3.65, 3.15), B. 392–3.

(b) As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 613 [Gayangos, Codera (2), Vives], Cerda 206, Cuenca .

(c) ○/واضح Ο/عامر

The name sometimes transcribed وضح.

HSA 13652, 15566 (3.21, 3.41), BM ix, 111d, Cerda 205.

(d) Details lacking.

M. p. 75, no. 194.

(e) image عامر

Mint: الاندلس.

ANS (2.42).

This is a specimen of typical Fas style but with the mint name al-Andalus.

See the note under no. 265 above for a specimen possibly of this year in the Madrid collection.

312. 387 A. H. = 997 A. D.

Nākūr

Silver.

/عامر

Vives questions the date, but there seemed to be no doubt about the Cuenca hoard specimens.

V. 672 [Coders, Vives], Cuenca [2].

313 388 A. H. = 998 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد

M.: mint-date.

• over ض of ضرب

Ο

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

M.: Q. IX, 33.

image over 2nd line.

ANS (4.22).

(b) Dinar.

Ornament/محمد Fleuron/عامر

BM ix, 101°.

(c) Dinar. As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 537 [Gayangos, Vives], P. y V., Badajoz , 42.

(d) Dinar. As (a) but margins interchanged and ornaments not described.

R. 254 [2 var.].

Silver.

With the exception of two strikings ((q) and (r)) all specimens seen have circular obverse margins. The ر of لا شريك is usually semi-floral. Some specimens have floral ر in عامر and floral ن in المؤمنين Terminal letters in the obverse margin are sometimes upturned.

(e)

HSA 13688, 15515 (3.64, 2.51).

(f)

HSA 15514 (2.84).

(g)

image

HSA 15516 (2.37, 1/3 lacking).

(h)

image

HSA 15512 (2.88).

(i)

image

HSA 15511 (2.54).

(j) As (e), but ornaments, if any, not described. V. 596 [15], C. [8], Cerda 212, Cuenca, R. 286 [2 var.].

(k)

image/عامر

Østrup 2298.

(l) image/عامر

P. 290.

(m) image

HSA 14129 (3.19).

As (k).

(n) As (k) but ornaments not described.

C. [Codera (?) + 1], Cerda 210, Delgado, Clasificacion [3].

(o) /محمد

/عامر

HSA 14127, 15208–9 (3.09, 2.82, 3.56 four times pierced), Bardo, Dos Santos 3044.

(p) As (o). ○/عامر

HSA 15210–12 (2.97, 2.86, 2.66).

(q) As (o). image/عامر

The 1st quarter of the margin of HSA 15213 is rectilinear.

HSA 15213 (3.05), BM ix, 111n.

(r) As (o). image/عامر

The 1st quarter of margin rectilinear. Date written: سنة و ثمان و, etc.

HSA 15235 (3.30).

(s) As (O). image/عامر image

HSA 15216 (2.48).

(t) As (o). image/عامر

HSA 15215 (3.30).

(u) As (o). image/عامر

HSA 15207, 15223 (3.75, 3.15), Østrup 2299(?).

(v) As (o).

HSA 15214, 15227 (3.80, 2.85).

As (l).

(w) As (o). image/عامر

HSA 14125 (3.68 twice pierced).

(x) As (o).

مر/عا

HSA 15338 (2.96), V. 550 [Codera, Vives], C. [Codera + 1], Cerda 209.

(y) /•محمد•

image/عامر

HSA 15232 (3.34).

(z) •/محمد

B. 346.

As (o).

(aa) ○/محمد

HSA 15203–4 (3.07 twice pierced, 2.99).

As (o).

(bb) As (aa).

Date obscure.

HSA 15231 (2.66 segment lacking).

As (p).

(cc) As (aa).

HSA 15224 (2.64).

As (q).

(dd) As (aa).

HSA 14126 (3.24), Brethes 535, Dos Santos 3043.

As (k).

(ee) As (aa). image/محمد

HSA 15202(2.61 twice pierced).

(ff) As (aa). image/عامر

HSA 14128 (2.80 damaged).

(gg) As (aa).

HSA 15201 (3.03 twice pierced).

As (u).

(hh) As (aa).

HSA 15205–6, 15234 (2.43, 2.86, 2.55).

As (l).

(ii) As (aa). image/عامر

HSA 15229 (3.67).

(jj) image/محمد

HSA 15226 (3.00).

As (o).

(kk) As (jj).

HSA 15228 (3.32).

As (p).

(ll) As (jj). image/عامر

HSA 15222 (3.85 twice pierced).

(mm) image/محمد image/عامر

HSA 15230, 15233 (2.94, 3.11), ANS (3.13), Dos Santos 3045 (perhaps).

(nn) image/محمد

HSA 15218 (2.50 twice pierced).

As (ee).

(oo) imageمحمد

HSA 14124, 15217 (3.42, 2.86 twice pierced).

As (l).

(pp) image/محمد image/عامر

HSA 15221 (3.26 twice pierced).

(qq) image/محمد

• over ض of ضرب.

HSA 15200 (2.98) = C. pl. IX, p. 94 [Codera], BM ix, 111k (?).

As (t).

(rr) Sprig/محمد

BM ix, 1111.

As (p).

(ss) image/محمد

HSA 15220 (2.93).

As (k).

(tt) sprig/محمد sprig/عامر

BM ix, 111m.

(uu) image/محمد image/عامر

HSA 15225 (3.31), Marsden CCCXXXVIII, p. 325.

(vv) As (uu).

As (r).

Bardo.

(ww) As (uu).

As (l).

HSA 15219 (3.04), ANS (3.81), P. 291.

(xx) As (o) but ornaments not described.

V. 538 [47], V. 539 [Vives] (date written as in (r)), C. [63], Cerda 207, Cuenca [8], Delgado, Clasificacion [4], GT. 5908–10, Lorichs 4823, R. 255 [9 var.], Dos Santos 3042, 3061 [2], Gagarine.

(yy) محمد؟

The epigraphy is stated to differ markedly from that of other specimens of the same year.

B. 347.

(zz) image image/A word

Dos Santos 3046 (described as lacking in Vives and BM).

(aaa) /تمليح /عامر

M.: سنة ثمان و ثمانين (sic) بالس...

V. 1407.

This coin is listed by Vives among the imitations. The date is given as "488," but to judge by the position of the description in the catalogue, 388 is intended.

(bbb) Details lacking.

Campaner, Num. Bal., p. 255, Elche, Kh. p. 327, M. p. 75, nos. 196–7, Cordoba [10], Gagarine, Low, Schulman 6/26/05, Sotheby.

314. 388 A. H. = 998 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Silver.

○ ○/Unintelligible word

BM ii, 112.

The occurrence of a coin of Madīnat al-Zahrā's struck in the year 388 seemed to me so remarkable that I asked Mr. John Walker to check the reading of the coin itself. This he very kindly did and wrote me his confirmation of Lane-Poole's attribution. "It is not too clear, being partly off the flan, but taking what is visible and making allowance for the rest, I do not see that it can be anything else. It certainly is not بالاندلس."

315. 388 A. H. = 998 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

(a)

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

زيري

HSA 15561 (2.77), Østrup 2300 (?).

(b) ○ ○/زيري

Plate vii

HSA 13653, 15559, 15500 (date?) (3.04, 3.11, 2.32 pierced and clipped, 3.88 twice pierced), HSA 15503 (2.97) = C. pl. X, p. 98 [Codera], BM ix, 112e, P. 329.

(c) As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 018 [7], V. 019 [Madrid; date faultily written], Cuenca , Elche , Longpérier p. 8, R. 300 [2 var.], Dos Santos 3047.

(d) محمد ○/عامر

P. 328.

(e) As (d) but ornaments not described.

V. 624 [Vives], Cerda 208.

(f) واضح

عامر

V. 620 [Vives.]

(g) عامر

Brethes 604.

(h) ○ •/عامر

Brethes 605–6 [3].

(i) As (g) but ornaments, if any, not described. Cerda 211.

Brethes lists two other specimens (603, 607), one with DRHL? beneath the obverse, the other with عبد الملك beneath the obverse and الحاجب المعد? above and beneath the reverse. I doubt the validity of these attributions.

316. 389 A. H. = 998/9 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد

M.: mint-date.

B. 293.

image

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

M.: Q. IX, 33.

(b) Dinar.

image/محمد Ornament/عامر

BM ix, 101q.

(c) Dinar, but called الدرهم.

image/محمد• image/• عامر

B. 294.

(d) Dinar. As (a) but ornaments not described.

V.540 [Gayangos], Fraehn, Inedita Bose, 6 (name above rev.?), P. y V., Badajoz 44, R. 256.

(e) One-quarter dinar.

image/محمد image/عامر

P. y V., Badajoz , 45.

Silver.

The majority of specimens in this year have the circular margin, but a few issues have the rectilinear first quarter: (h), (i), (j), (k), (s), (u), (aa). However, there are specimens of issues (i) and (u) with circular margins. The ر of عامر and the ع of تسع is sometimes floral. There are occasional points over letters in the obverse margin.

(f) image عامر

HSA 15196 (2.55).

The obverse margin of this specimen is somewhat clumsy and garbled; and the date is a little doubtful. The coin looks like an irregular issue, possibly a contemporary counterfeit.

(g) محمد

عامر

P. 294.

(h) As (g). Ο/عامر

HSA 27790 (2.85).

(i) As (g). image/عامر

HSA 15300 (2.79), ANS (2.76).

(j) As(g). image/عامر

HSA 13669 (3.22).

(k) As (g). image (Variations)/عامر

HSA 15261–2 (3.02 twice pierced, 3.21), Guia pl. XI, no. 2.

(l) Ο / محمد.

HSA 15253 (3.06 twice pierced), Fitzwilliam 24.

As (h).

(m) As (l).

HSA 14131, 15245 (3.37, 3.07).

As (i).

(n) As (l). image/عامر

HSA 15280 (frg.).

(O) As (l). image/عامر

B. 351.

(p) ○○/محمد image/عامر

HSA 15277 (2.93).

(q) image/محمد.

HSA 15237, 15252 (3.09, 3.75 twice pierced).

As (h).

(r) As (q).

P. 292.

(s) image/محمد

HSA 15284 (3.63).

As (i).

(t) image/محمد image/عامر

HSA 15197 (3.69 twice pierced).

(u) image/محمد image/عامر

HSA 15255, 15260 (2.47, 3.22).

(v) image/محمد.

HSA 15251 (3.03 thrice pierced).

As (h).

(w) As (v).

HSA 15283 (3.32 twice pierced).

As (i).

(x) As (v). image/عامر

HSA 15276 (2.77).

(y) image.محمد

HSA 14132, 15266 (3.18 twice pierced, 3.07).

As (g).

(z) image/محمد image/عامر

HSA 15274 (2.98).

(aa) image/محمد

HSA 15239 (3.90 twice pierced).

AS (i).

(bb) As (aa). image/عامر

HSA 15236, 15238 (3.68, 2.76).

(cc) image/محمد image/عامر

P. 293.

(dd) image/محمد.

HSA 15263 (2.86).

As (g).

(ee) As (dd).

HSA 15244 (2.80).

As (i).

(ff) image/محمد image/عامر

B. 350.

(gg) image/محمد (variations).

There are wide variations in the obv. ornament in these and the succeeding specimens, but they have a common resemblance. HSA 15267, 15278 (2.98, 2.34 segment lacking and pierced).

As (g).

(hh) As (gg) variation.

HSA 15271 (3.56).

As (h).

(ii) As (gg) variations. image/عامر

HSA 15270 (date?), 15281 (frg., 3.70).

(jj) As (gg) variation.

HSA 15243 (2.53 twice pierced).

As (i).

(kk) As (gg) variations.

HSA 15257, 27799 (3.57, 3.61).

As (n).

(ll) As (gg) variation. image/عامر

HSA 15279 (3.26).

(mm) As (gg) variation. image/عامر

HSA 15256 (3.64).

(nn) As (gg) variation. image/عامر

HSA 15269 (3.28).

(nn bis) As (gg) variation. image/عامر

Chase Bank.

(oo) image/محمد (variations).

Here again, as in (gg) to (nn), there are wide variations in the obv. ornament in these and the succeeding specimens, but there is a common resemblance.

HSA 14133, 15264–5, (3.00 pierced, 2.71, 2.86), B. 348.

As (g).

(pp) As (oo) variations.

HSA 15247, 15249 (3.62, 3.31).

As (h).

(qq) As (oo) variations.

HSA 14130, 15240–1, 15282 (2.67, 3.13, 3.12, 2.63 twice pierced), B. 349.

As (i).

(rr) As (oo) variation. image/عامر

HSA 15259 (3.00).

(ss) image/محمد.

HSA 15272 (3.19 twice pierced).

As (g).

(tt) As (ss) variation.

HSA 15248, 15250 (2.98, 2.88 both twice pierced).

As (h).

(uu) As (ss) variation.

HSA 15254, 15273 (3.36, 3.20).

As (n).

(vv) image/محمد. Same die as (ggg) below.

HSA 13670 (2.76).

As (n).

(xx) image/محمد

HSA 15242 (2.75 twice pierced).

As (i).

(yy) Obscure floral ornament / محمد.

HSA 15246 (2.66).

As (h).

(zz) As (yy). image/عامر

HSA 15268 (3.26).

(aaa) As (yy). image/عامر

HSA 13660 (2.77).

(bbb) As (yy). image/عامر (variations)

HSA 15258, 15275 (3.06 twice pierced, 3.65).

(ccc) As (g) but with uncertain ornaments, or ornaments not described.

v. 541 [64], C. [97], BM ii, 113, ix, 113a, c, Brethes 536, Cerda 213, Cuenca[5], Delgado, Clasificacion [4], GT. 5911–13, Lorichs 4824 [2], 0atrup 2302–3, R. 257 [7 var.], Dos Santos 3041, 3049 [4], Gagarine.

(ddd) As (ccc) but mint faultily written: الالس

V. 542 [Vives], Dos Santos 3041 [2] (?), 3061, 6941; (cf. Prieto, p. 101).

(eee) /محمد

عا/مر

Ornaments, if any, not described.

V. 551 [Vives (2)].

(fff) image/محمد image

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد

بالله

HSA 15340 (3.64). عامر

(ggg) As (w). Same die. As (fff) but image/عامر

Plate vii

HSA 13662 (2.78 twice pierced).

(hhh) As (fff) but ornaments not described.

V. 553 [Gayangos, Codera, Vives (4)], Dos Santos 3050.

(iii) /محمد

الامام

هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

Ornaments, if any, not described.

V. 564 [cast from Codera].

(jjj) Details lacking.

Elche, M. p. 75, nos. 200–1, Cordoba [6], Low, Schulman 6/26/05, Sotheby [2].

317. 389 A. H. = 998/9 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

(a) Ο

Ο

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

HSA 15539–40 (frg., 2.79 twice pierced).

(b) As (a). عامر/مر

BM ix, 113m.

(c) image

As (a).

HSA 15543 (3.30) = C. pl. X, no. 1, p. 97 [Codera], HSA 15544–5 (2.97 twice pierced, 2.99), Chase Bank.

(d) image?

Date a little doubtful.

HSA 15553 (3.52 damaged).

As (a).

(e) image/

Brethes 608.

As (a).

(f) As (a). image/عامر

Brethes 609 (the description does not conform with the illustration).

(g) As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 614 [8], Brethes 610 (?), Cerda 215, M. p. 75, no. 198, R. 295 [2 var.].

(h) /واضح

/عامر

DR. 49.

(i) /•واضح

ANS (3.08).

As (a).

(j) As (i). image/عامر

ANS (3.65), C. pi. X, no. 3, p. 98 [Gayangos].

(k) ○/•واضح

image/عامر

HSA 15567 (3.20 twice pierced), BM ix, 113k (probably), B. 394.

(l) Ornament?/واضح

As (k).

HSA 15568 (2.90 twice pierced), B. 395.

(m) As (h) but ornaments obscure or not described.

V. 621 [10], M. p. 75, no. 199, R. 301, Ashmolean 110, Dos Santos 3048.

Vives observes that some specimens read سبع in place of تسع. In the circumstances, the same name occurring on specimens of the year 387, it is difficult to understand why he did not assign such pieces to the year 387.

(n) /عبد الله •

As (k).

HSA 15569 (3.72) = C. pi. X, no. 4, p. 98 [Codera].

(o) As (n) but ornaments not described.

V. 622 [Gayangos, Vives].

(p) ○/معز بن عبد الله؟ ○

Double struck: معز is not entirely clear, and the second name might be عنباسه. ANS (3.54).

As (a).

(q) ○/معز بن عبد الله ○

image/عامر

Brethes 610 (description conforms only in part to illustration).

Brethes (609) lists another specimen with "Maad" beneath the obverse and 'Amir beneath the reverse. "Maad" is probably Mu'izz; it may be that there was an issue of Mu'izz without the father's name.

I imagine that Cerda 214, محمد with beneath the obverse, and عامر beneath the reverse, is a misattribution.

318. 390 A. H. = 999/1000 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

There are points over certain letters in the margins of all dinars of this year.

(a) Dinar.

• لا اله الا •

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد

M.: mint-date.

image

• الامام هشام

• امير المؤمنين

• المؤيد بالله

عامر

M.: Q. IX, 33.

ANS (3.76), P. 262, Thorburn (points?).

(b) Dinar.

○/محمد Ornament/عامر

BM ix, 1018. (c) Dinar.

(c) Dinar.

•/محمد image/عامر

B. 295.

(d) Dinar.

image/محمد image/عامر

• at left of 1st and 2nd lines.

Plate vii

HSA 14174 (3.67).

(e) Dinar. As (a), but ornaments uncertain or not described.

V. 543 [Gayangos, Codera, Vives (4)], Fraehn, Inedita Bose, 7, Lane-Poole, Calvert, 16, Longpérier p. 8, P. y V., Badajoz, 46, R. 258.

(f) Dinar.

○/محمد

عا

○ • الامام

• هشام

• امير المؤمنين

• المؤيد بالله

مر

(g) Dinar.

As (f). عا

• الامام

• هشام

• امير المؤمنين

• المؤيد

• بالله

مر

Plate vii

ANS (3.93), BM ix, 101t.

(h) As (g) but ornaments not described.

V. 555 [Academia, Gayangos, Vives], Caballero Infante, P. y V., Badajoz, 48.

(i) Details lacking except one obverse has ○/○, the other a floral ornament above.

M. p. 75, nos. 202–3.

(j) One-half dinar.

image

BM ix, l0Iv (incorrectly labelled "101b" in pl. VI).

As (a).

(k) One-third dinar. Details lacking.

V. 544 [Vi ves (2)], R. 259.

The BM specimen is listed as a one-third dinar under V. 544, but it is a half-dinar. R. 259, also listed by Vives as a third, weighs 1.30 grams; so there were full dinars, one-half dinars and one-third dinars in this year.

Silver.

With the exception of (p), which has the rectilinear first quarter, all specimens seen have circular obverse margins. The final letter of the decade in most specimens is floral. Most have points over various letters in the margin. The epigraphy of (l), which lacks the name محمد, is rather crude, but the date is clear.

(l) /

○/عامر

HSA 15085 (2.50 damaged).

(m) As (l) but ornament not described.

Delgado, Clasificacion.

(n) Date questionable.

/محمد

image/عامر

Double struck, crude; possibly a contemporary forgery. HSA 15371 (2.39).

(o) /محمد

/عامر

ه of اله ends in upward floral flourish.

B. 352.

(p) ○/محمد

As (l).

The rectilinear beginning of the margin overlaps the (circular) end.

HSA 27791 (3.44), P. 296, B. 353, Brethes 537 [2].

(q) ○/محمد

○○/عامر

Brethes 537.

(r) As (q). image/عامر

HSA 15299 (2.67).

(s) image/محمد

image/عامر

HSA 15294 (2.85).

(t) image/محمد

image/عامر

The word سنة is lacking.

HSA 15298 (3.47).

(u) image/محمد

image/عامر

B. 354.

(v) image/محمد

HSA 13663 (2.57).

As(u).

(W) image/محمد

image/عامر

B. 355.

(x) image/محمد

HSA 15301 (2.69).

As (l).

(y) image/محمد

HSA 15295 (3.43).

As (u).

(Z) image/محمد image/عامر

The word سنة is lacking, and تسعين contains an extra tooth.

HSA 14134 (3.68) = Dos Santos 3052.

(aa) As (z), same die in a more worn state. image/عامر

HSA 15287 (2.53 twice pierced).

(bb) image/محمد image/عامر

HSA 15290 (3.32).

(cc) As (bb) variation. image/عامر

HSA 15289 (3.20).

(dd) image/محمد image/عامر

HSA 15293 (3.11).

(ee) image/محمد

HSA 15286 (2.55 segments lacking).

As (l).

(ff) image/محمد image/عامر

HSA 15291 (3.40 twice pierced).

(gg) As (ff), same die. image/عامر

HSA 15285 (1.94 clipped).

(hh) image/محمد

HSA 15296 (3.40).

As (u).

(ii) image/محمد (variation)

As (dd) variation.

P. 295.

Probably of this year, but with date completely lacking due to fragmentation of the coin, is a specimen in the Hispanic Society Collection (15297) with the same ornament as (ii) above the obverse and image above the reverse.

(jj) Uncertain floral ornament/محمد

image(?)/عامر

HSA 15288 (2.94 twice pierced).

(kk) As (jj). image/عامر

Note that rev. ornament is same as obv. ornament on (z).

HSA 15292 (3.28 thrice pierced).

(ll) As (jj).

As (l).

ANS (2.58).

(mm) As (n)–(ll), with محمد and عامر, and uncertain ornaments above obv. and rev.

BM ii, 114, Brethes 537 [3]) Østrup 2306–7.

(nn) As (mm) but ornaments not described.

V. 545 [55], C. [75], Cerda 216, Cuenca [6], Delgado, Clasificacion [3], GT. 5914, Lorichs 4825, R. 260 [3 var.], Dos Santos 3051, Gagarine [2], Schulman 11/18/07 [2], 5/5/08, Sotheby.

(oo) As (mm), word سنة lacking, and ornaments not described.

V. 546 [Vives]; cf Prieto p. 101.

(PP) محمد

الامام هشام

المير المؤمنين

المؤيد

بالله

عامر

V. 554 [Vives], R. 264.

(qq) image/محمد

عا

الامام

هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد

بالله

مر

B. 356.

(rr) As (qq) but ornaments not described.

V. 556 [Vives], C. [3], Brethes 537, Cerda 217.

(ss) Billon. Date?

○/جعفر image/عامر

M.: بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم (sic) بالاندلس سنة تسعـ

HSA 13969 (2.50).

(tt) Details lacking.

Campaner, Num. Bal., p. 255, Elche, M. p. 75, Cordoba [4], Low.

(uu) Details lacking except سنة outside the line of the marginal legend, revealing the correction of an oversight on the part of the die-engraver.

Prieto p. 101.

(vv) Billon. Listed by Vives as an imitation.

/عامر

V. 1411 [Vives].

(ww) Date? Listed by Vives as an imitation, and described by Rada as "apparently of African striking."

/ابن شهيد

عامر/الحاجب

V. 1413 [Gayangos], R. 285.

Brethes (537) lists a dirhem which, to judge by the description, has محمد beneath the obverse and عامر both above and beneath the reverse, but the description is equivocal and probably incorrect. Tychsen's attribution of a coin (p. 133), with احمد beneath the obverse and with الحاجب above and عبيد beneath the reverse, is surely an error.

319. 390 A. H. = 999/1000 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

(a) Date questionable.

○ ○

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

HSA 15547 (2.42).

(b) Fleuron

Brethes 614.

As (a).

(c) As (a) but ornament not described. GT 6915.

(d) ○/عبد الله •○•/عامر

HSA 15570 (2.93).

(e) As (d) but ornaments not described.

V. 623 [Codera], Brethes 612 (description, not illustration, which shows محمد beneath the obv.).

(f) محمد

Brethes 611 [3].

As (a).

(g) ○/محمد ○/عامر

ANS (2.54).

(h) As (f) but ornaments not described.

V. 625 [Gayangos, Vives (2)], Cerda 218, Cuenca [2] (?).

(i) معز

عامر

V. 629 [Gayangos, Vives], Elche; cf. Codera, Titulos, pp. 66, 71.

(j) Fleuron ○/الحاجب

Brethes 613 [2].

(k) Details lacking.

M. p. 76, no. 205.

320. 391 A. H. = 1000/01 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد

M. : mint-date.

B. 296.

image

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

image

M.: Q. IX, 33.

(b) Dinar.

image/محمد ○/عامر

B. 297.

(c) Dinar.

image/محمد image/عامر

P. 265.

(d) Dinar.

image/محمد image/عامر

• at left of each of first three lines.

P. 264.

(e) Dinar.

Ornament/محمد As (b).

BM ix, 101x (2.78 grm.), Schulman 5/24/09 [2].

(f) Dinar. As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 547 [Academia, Vives (3)], Caballero Infante, Fraehn, Inedita Bose, 8, Lane-Poole, Calvert, 17, P. y V., Badajoz , 47, R. 261 [4 spec. of 2 var.].

(g) Dinar. sprig/محمد image

• الامام

• هشام

• امير المؤمنين

• المؤيد بالله

عامر

BM ix, 101y.

(h) Dinar. As (g) but ornaments not described.

V. 565 [Academia, Gayangos, Vives (2)], P. y V., Badajoz, 50, R. 267 [3 var.].

(i) Dinar. image/محمد (variations)

عا

• الامام

• هشام

• المير المؤمنين

• المؤيد

بالله

مر

BA ix, 101z (2.98 grm.), DR., Arte Monetario, II, 6.

(j) Dinar. image/محمد (variation)

عا

• الامام

• هشام

• امير المؤمنين

• المؤيد

بالله

مر

P. 263.

(k) Dinar. As (i) but ornaments not described.

V. 557 [Gayangos], P. y V., Badajoz, 49, R. 265 [4 spec, of 2 var., incl. probably DR. spec. cited under (i) above].

(l) Dinar.

image/تلميح

image

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

P. 266 = V. 566.

(m) Dinar. Details lacking.

Longpérier p. 8 ["dinars.... avec différents noms" (probably Paris)], Sotheby.

(n) "One-third" dinar (probably one-quarter).

/محمد

/عامر

V. 548 = R. 262.

Silver.

The obverse margins of all specimens seen are circular, with the following exceptions: (ggg), (ppp), one specimen of (qqq), and (yyy) have rectilinear first quarters; (bbbb) is completely rectilinear. The final letter of the decade in some specimens is floral; and the ر of عامر is floral in a few. There are usually points over various letters in the obverse margin. In some specimens there are points ⋮ at the left of the lines of the reverse area, standing free of the last letter in each line.

(o) /محمد

Ο/عامر

ANS (3.06), B. 357.

(p) As (o). Ο/عامر

Ο

HSA 15303 (3.43), Fitzwilliam 22 (?).

(q) As (o). image/عامر

P. 297.

(r) As (o). image/عامر

HSA 15318 (3.42 twice pierced).

(s) As (o). image/عامر

B. 358.

(t) Ο/محمد

As (o).

HSA 15308 (2.39 segments lacking, twice pierced).

(u) As (t).

As (q).

HSA 15314 (2.25).

(v) As (t). image/عامر

HSA 15321 (2.98 twice pierced).

(w) ΟΟ/محمد image/عامر

HSA 13664, 15329 (2.79, 3.10 twice pierced), B. 359.

(x) image/محمد

HSA 15337 (2.77).

As (o).

(y) image/محمد image/عامر

P. 301.

(z) As (y). image/عامر

P. 299.

(aa) As (y). image/عامر

HSA 15335 (3.05 twice pierced).

(bb) image/محمد

HSA 15304 (3.00 twice pierced).

As (o).

(cc) image/محمد image/عامر

ANS (2.50).

(dd) image/محمد

HSA 15310, 15312 (2.57, 2.19).

As (q).

(ee) As (dd). image/عامر

HSA 15323–4 (3.07 twice pierced, 2.92).

(ff) image/محمد

HSA 13658, 15306(2.85, 2.55).

As (o).

(gg) image/محمد

HSA 15309 (3.50 twice pierced), ANS (3.36), Brethes 538 (?), Castiglioni CCLV (cf. Codera, Errores, p. 10).

As (p).

(hh) As (gg). image/عامر

HSA 15334 (2.91).

(ii) image/محمد image/عامر

HSA 15325 (3.84).

(jj) image/محمد Pomegranate/عامر

P. 298.

(kk) image/محمد

HSA 15311 (3.37).

As (o).

(ll) As (kk) variation.

HSA 15331 (2.68).

As (p).

(mm) As (kk) variation.

HSA 15319 (2.73).

As (r).

(nn) image/محمد image/عامر

HSA 15320 (2.32).

(oo) image/محمد image/عامر

HSA 15327 (1.98).

(pp) image/محمد (variations)

HSA 13657, 15317 (3.22, 2.45 twice pierced).

As (q).

(qq) image/محمد image/عامر

P. 302.

(rr) image/محمد

HSA 15307 (2.77 twice pierced).

As (o).

(ss) As (rr) variation.

HSA 15330 (3.00 twice pierced).

As (q).

(tt) image/محمد (variations) عامر

HSA 15328, 15336 (2.82, 2.68).

(uu) As (tt) variation. •/عامر

P. 303.

(vv) As (tt) variation.

HSA 15302, 15305 (3.16, 2.79).

As (o).

(ww) As (tt) variation.

HSA 15332 (2.74).

As (p).

(xx) As (tt) variation.

HSA 15313, 15316 (3.08, 2.65).

As (q).

(yy) As (tt) variation.

HSA 15333 (2.48).

As (z).

(zz) As (tt) variation. image/عامر

HSA 15326 (2.83 segment lacking).

(aaa) image/محمد image/عامر

HSA 15322 (2.73 twice pierced).

(bbb) image/محمد

HSA 15315 (2.88).

As (q).

(ccc) Ornament/محمد image/عامر

BM ii, 115.

(ddd) As (o) but ornaments uncertain or not described.

V. 549 [57], C. [75], BM ix, 115a, b, Brethes 538 [6], Castiglioni CCLVI, Cerda 219, Cuenca , Delgado, Clasificacion [2], GT. 5916, Lorichs 4826, Marsden p. 325, Østrup 2308 (date?), R. 263 [2], Dos Santos 3053 [3 var. ], 3062, Gagarine, Pedersen p. 42, Schulman 11/18/07, 5/5/08.

(eee) image/محمد

مر/عا

P. 300 = V. 552 [Paris].

(fff) As (eee) but ornament not described.

V. 552 [Codera], Cuenca [2].

(ggg) As (t).

عا

imageالامام

imageهشام

imageامير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

مر

HSA 15342 (2.58 damaged), HSA 15339 (1/3 frg., date lacking, but to judge by the space probably 391 rather than 390).

(hhh) As (ggg) but ornament not described.

V. 560 [Gayangos, Vives].

(iii) As (o). عا

الامام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد

بالله

مر

V. 561 [Madrid, Vives]; cf. Prieto p. 101.

(jjj) image/محمد

عا

الامام هشام (abbreviated)

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد

بالله

مر

HSA 15343 (2.97 twice pierced) = (probably) V. 563 [Codera].

(kkk) As (jjj) but ornament not described.

V. 563 [Vives (2)], R. 266.

(lll) • ? •/محمد

عا

الامام

هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد

بالله

مر

HSA 15344 (2.49 twice pierced) = (probably) V. 558 [Codera].

(mmm) image/محمد

DR. 46.

As (lll).

(nnn) As (eee)–(mmm), that is with عا above and مر beneath the rev., but distribution of other words in area not specified.

C. [6], Cerda 220.

(ooo) As (o). الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

image

V. 562 [Vives].

(ppp) • تمليح

The name furnished with points as follows: 2 points over ت; 2 points under ي; pellet after ح.

As (tt).

Plate vii

HSA 15345 (3.22) = C. pl. IX, p. 95 [Codera, gift of Brigadier Romualdo Nogués].

Codera (p. 95) mentions that the above specimen is the only one that he had seen that shows the pointing of the name. Another specimen, of a different die, is (ttt) below. It is to be observed that a pellet (not a letter-point) at the left of the name is almost always present.

(qqq) • تمليح

HSA 15346 (2.53 twice pierced), Pedersen p. 42, no. 215 (1st quarter of margin rectilinear).

As (o).

(rrr) As (qqq).

HSA 15347 (2.54 twice pierced).

As (p).

(sss) As (qqq). image/عامر

HSA 15351 (3.69).

(ttt)As (ppp), with pointed letters but different die. image/عامر

HSA 15350 (2.75).

(uuu) As (qqq). image/عامر

B. 360.

(vvv) As (qqq). Uncertain floral ornament/عامر

HSA 15353 (2.70).

(www) Ο/• تمليح image/عامر

HSA 15348–9 (2.30, 3.13).

(xxx) As (www). image/عامر

HSA 15352 (2.91).

(yyy) image/تمليح

As (o).

HSA 15354 (2.60).

(zzz) As (qqq) but ornaments not described.

V. 567 [10], C. [22], Cerda 221, Cuenca [2], Vives, Lote, Gagarine, Pedersen p. 42.

(aaaa) /تمليح

مر/عا

ت apparently pointed on HSA 15399.

HSA 15397, 15399 (3.14, 2.38), V. 570 [Vives], C. [Codera (?) + 1], B. 361, Cuenca [2].

bbbb As (aaaa) but obv. margin completely rectilinear, forming a square around the area.

HSA 15398 (2.71 twice pierced).

cccc /

V. 597 [Vives (2)].

dddd Details lacking.

Elche, M. p. 76, Cordoba [22], Low, Sotheby.

The date on a specimen in the BM (ix, 115f) with obv. similar to (ccc) and rev. similar to (p) is obscure and may be either 391 or 392. A specimen in the Gagarine collection (no. 570), al-Andalus, 391, described as bearing the name "Abdallah," was doubtless mis-attributed.

321. 391 A. H. = 1000/01 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

(a) /محمد

م of بسم is floral.

image

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

HSA 15572 (3.21 twice pierced).

(b) As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 626 [Codera, Vives (4)], R. 302 [2 var.].

(c) محمد

عامر

Digit written واحد.

HSA 15573 (3.77), V. 627 [Codera = HSA?, Vives].

(d) image Ο/عامر

Ο at right of 1st line.

HSA 15546 (3.37 twice pierced).

322. 392 A. H. = 1001/2 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

Ο

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

• تمليح

M.: mint-date.

B. 298.

image

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

M.: Q. IX, 33.

(b) Dinar.

image/• تمليح image/عامر

P. 268 = V. 668.

(c) Dinar.

image/• تمليح image/عامر

P. 270 = V. 568.

(d) Dinar.

As (c). image/عامر

B. 300.

(e) Dinar.

image/•تمليح image/عامر

BM ii, 102, B. 299.

(f) Dinar.

As (e). image/عامر

• at left of 1st line.

• at right of 3rd line.

p. 269 = V. 568.

(g) Dinar. As (a) but ornaments not described.

Fraehn, Inedita Bose, 9 and 9 bis (with name above rev. (?)), P. y V., Bdajoz , 51.

(h) Dinar.

تمليح

الامام

هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

V. 574 [Vives].

(i) Dinar. image

As (h). الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد

بالله

image

P. y V., Badajoz , 52.

(j) Dinar.

As (a). عا

: الامام هشام

: امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

مر

P. 267 = V. 571.

(k) Dinar. Details lacking.

Longpérier P. 8 [= Paris?], Cordoba.

(l) One-third or one-quarter dinar.

تمليح

عامر

P. y V., Nuevo Hallazgo , no. 1.

Silver.

As a rule the obverse margins in this year have the rectilinear first quarter. There are, however, exceptions with circular margins: (ii), and (mm) through (vv), and (yy). It will be observed that those with circular margins have floral ornaments above the obverse area which take up so much space that the use of the rectilinear firet quarter is precluded. There are usually points over various letters in the obverse and reverse margins.

(m) image image/عامر

P. 310.

The lack of the name of Tamlīḥ on the above specimen is remarkable; the omission is quite possibly an inadvertence on the part of Lavoix.

(n) •تمليح

عامر

HSA 14140, 15387, 15396 (2.38, 3.48, 3.90), BM ii, 116, ix, 1188, B. 362, Østrup 2310, Yale, Dos Santos 3054.

(o) As (n). Ο/عامر

HSA 15370, 15373, 15381, 15391–2, 27789 (2.77 twice pierced, 2.85, 2.09, 2.42, 2.45 twice pierced, 2.80), BM ix, 118d, P. 308, B. 363, Mrs. J. P. Sullivan [3], Pedersen p. 42.

(p) تمليح ΟΟ/عامر

B. 364.

(q) As (n). image/عامر

HSA 13.94, 16358, 15389 (2.82, 3.41, 2.67 twice piereed), ANS (2.45), BM ii, 118, Karabacek, NZ 18.9, pi. VI, no. 6, p. 145, Dos Santos 3054.

(r) As (n). image/عامر

HSA 14138 (2.54).

(s) As (n). image/عامر

O

HSA 15368 (2.51).

(t) As(n). image/عامر

HSA 13691 (2.35 twice pierced), Mrs. J. P. Sullivan.

(u) As (n). image/عامر

The س of the mint name, the و before "90," and the ن of "90" end in floral flourishes.

HSA 16355 (3.77 twice pierced).

(V) As (n). image/عامر

Sometimes • • at left of name.

HSA 14136–7, 15378–9, 15395 (2.96, 2.58, 3.30 twice pierced, 3.02, 3.08).

(w) As (n). image/عامر

HSA 14135 (2.11).

(X) As (n). image/عامر

Ornament grows out of هـ of هشام.

HSA 15369 (3.21).

(y) As (n). image/عامر

HSA 15382 (2.36 twice pierced), B. 365, Bardo (?).

(z) As (n). image/عامر

Mrs. J. P. Sullivan.

(aa) As (n). image/عامر

HSA 15363 (3.57).

(bb) As (n). Uncertain floral ornament/عامر

HSA 15383 (2.80 twice pierced), BM ix, 118c, Bos Santos 3054 [2].

(cc) •/• تمليح image/عامر

HSA 15361 (2.56 twice pierced).

(dd) Ο/• تمليح

As (o).

HSA 15377, 15394 (3.80, 2.96 twice pierced), BM ii, 117.

(ee) Ο/تمليح image/عامر

HSA 15388 (3.00).

(ff) As (ee).

As (v).

HSA 15390 (1.80 damaged).

(gg) As(dd). image/عامر

HSA 15356–7 (2.34, 2.31 both damaged).

(hh) ΟΟΟΟ/تمليح

As (n).

BM ix, 118e.

(ii) image/• تمليح

As (n).

HSA 15385–6 (3.53 twice pierced, 2.43).

(jj) image/• تمليح

As (q).

HSA 15372 (2.95).

(kk) image/• تمليح

As (o).

HSA 15375 (2.68 twice pierced).

(ll) image/تمليح image/عامر

B. 370.

(mm) image/• • تمليح

As (o).

"90" ends in upward flourish.

HSA 15365 (3.05).

(nn) As (mm).

As (q).

HSA 15367 (3.52).

(oo) image/تمليح

As(o).

HSA 15393 (2.87 broken), p. 304.

(pp) image/تمليح image/عامر

HSA 15384 (2.72 twice pierced).

(qq) image (wide variations)/• تمليح

As (o).

Sometimes • • at left of name.

HSA 14139, 15374, 15376 (3.20, 2.76, 2.98 twice piereed), P. 309 probably, B. 366, 368 (?).

(rr) As (qq) variation.

As (q).

"90" ends in floral flourish.

HSA 15359 (3.70).

(ss) As (qq) variation.

As (u).

HSA 15364 (2.87).

(tt) As (qq) variation.

As (v).

HSA 15366 (3.05).

(uu) image/• تمليح image/عامر

HSA 15360 (3.02).

(vv) image/• تمليح image/عامر

ANS (3.57).

(ww) image/تمليح

As (o).

P. 306.

(xx) image/تمليح

As (s).

B. 367.

(yy) As (n) with uncertain floral ornaments above obv. and rev.

HSA 15362, 15380 (frg., 2.88 twice pierced).

(zz) Uncertain ornament/تمليح

As (o).

BM ix, 118f, Bodleian 94, Brethes 359 (?), M. p. 963, no. 209a(?).

(aaa) As (zz).

Østrup 2309.

As (ee).

(bbb) As (n) but ornaments uncertain or not described.

V. 569 [55], C. [69], Brethes 539 [4], Cerda 222, Cuenca [10], Delgado, Clasificacion [4](?), GT. 5917–8, M. p. 917, no. 209a (?), R. 273 [10 spec, of 7 var.], Dos Santos 3054 [2], Fonrobert 6321 (?), Gagarine 574, Schulman 6/15/10.

(ccc) تمليح

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد

بالله

عامر

V. 573 [Gayangos, Vives], R. 274 [2 var.].

(ddd) /تمليح

Sometimes • • at left of name.

عا

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

مر

HSA 15400–03 (3.16, 3.32 twice pierced, 3.28 twice pierced, small frg.), BM ix, 118a, b(?), P. 305, 307.

(eee) As (dd).

مر/عا

DR. 48.

(fff) image/تمليح

As(eee).

B. 369.

(ggg) As (ddd) but ornaments not described.

V. 572 [8], C. [6], Cerda 223, F. p. 2*** (cf. Codera, Errores, P. 19).

(hhh) /تمليح

عا

الامام

هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

مر

V. 575 [Vives].

(iii) Ο/تمليح

عبد الملك/الحاجب

Crude but quite legible epigraphy.

HSA 130.8 (2.08) = (prebably) V. 1415 [Codera].

Vives lists the above as an imitation.

(jjj) /تمليح

الملك/عبد

Østrup 2311.

(kkk) Details lacking except عبد الملك and الحاجب عبد الملك.

Gagarine 573.

(lll) Details lacking.

Campaner, Num. Bal., p. 255, Elche, M. p. 76 [3], Cordoba, Schulman 6/26/05, Sotheby [3].

I find in my files a notation of a specimen with محـ above and مد beneath the reverse, but unfortunately the reference is lacking. At all events I doubt the authenticity of the attribution. It might perhaps be an issue of Fās.

323. 392 A. H. = 1001/2 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

(a) image/محمد

image/عامر

HSA 15575 (3.83).

(b) image/محمد

image/عامر

HSA 15576 (3.09).

(c) image/محمد

image/عامر

HSA 15574 (3.21).

(d) As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 828 [Gayangos, Codera, Vives (4)], Brethes 615 (illustration not legible). Cerda 224, R. 303.

(e) الملك/عبد

image/الحاجب

B. 396.

(f) /

/عامر

V. 615 [Codera (4), Vives (6)], Cuenca [2], Longpérier P. 8.

Conde's plate I, 12(p.256), supposedly Madīnat al-Zahrā', 392 A.H., is fanciful.

324. 393 A. H. = 1002/3 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

عبد الملك

• at left of 2nd line.

M.: mint-date.

P. 271 = V. 576.

الحاجب

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عبد الملك

M.: Q. IX, 33.

(b) Dinar.

Ο/عبد الملك

B. 301, Adquisiciones en 1932, XII, 3.

As (a).

(c) Dinar.

image/عبد الملك

B. 302.

As (a).

(d) Dinar.

image/عبد الملك

BM ii, 103 = V. 576, B. 303.

As (a).

(e) Dinar. As (a) but ornaments not described.

Fraehn, Inedita Bose, 10, Longpérier p. 8 (probably Paris), P. y V., Badajoz, 53.

Silver.

With the exception of (f), all the specimens seen have circular obverse margins; one specimen of (f) has the circular margin but all the rest of that category have the rectilinear first quarter. It will be observed that the space above the obverse area of (f) is not occupied by an ornament. There are a few points over letters in the obverse margin.

(f) عبد الملك

عبد الملك/الحاجب

Plate xiv

HSA 13678, 13687, 15405–7 (3.47, 2.65, 2.22, 3.62, 2.89), BM ii, 119, P. 311, B. 371–2, Brethes 540–550 [4], DR. 47 = DR., Monetario, II, 9, M. p. 76, no. 210(?), Østrup 2312–3 (misread), Chase Bank, Pedersen p. 42.

(g) Ο/عبد الملك.

HSA 15404, 15412 (3.08, 3.15 both twice pierced), BM ix, 120a.

As (f).

(h) Ο/عبد الملك.

P. 313.

As (f).

(i) ΟΟΟ/عبد الملك.

HSA 15411 (3.07 twice pieced).

As (f).

(j) image/عبد الملك.

Brethes 540–50 [1].

As (f).

(k) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 13665 (2.99).

As (f).

(l) image/عبد الملك.

ANS (3.28).

As (f).

(m) image image/عبد الملك.

HSA 13681 (3.50 twice pierced).

As (f).

(n) image image/عبد الملك.

Ο

HSA 15409 (2.64), Brethes 551–60 [2].

As (f).

(o) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15408 (3.00 twice pierced and damaged).

As (f).

(p) image image image image/عبد الملك.

Brethes 551–60 [2].

As (f).

(q) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15410 (3.47 twice pierced).

As (f).

(r) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 13672, 15417, 15419 (2.97, 3.55 twice pierced. 3.23).

As (f).

(s) image/عبد الملك.

Final letters of هشام and المؤمنين end in upward flourishes.

HSA 15416 (3.05 twice pierced).

(t) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15418 (2.61), M. p. 76, no. 211 (?).

As (f).

(u) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15415 (3.12 pierced).

As (f).

(v) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15414 (3.68 twice pierced).

As (f).

(w) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15413 (2.95 twice pierced), M. p. 76, no. 212 (?).

As (f).

(x) image/عبد الملك.

P. 312.

As (f).

(y) image/عبد الملك.

P. 314.

As (f).

(z) image/عبد الملك.

Ashmolean 113.

As (f).

(aa) ع or عبد الملك/ غ.

Brethes 540–50 [4?], 551–60 [1].

As (f).

(bb) عبد/الملك.

Brethes 551–00 [1].

As (f).

(cc) As (f) but ornaments uncertain or not described.

V. 577 [33], c. [41], BM ii, 120, Adler, Collectio, p. 103, Brethes 540–50 [2], 551–00[2], Cerda 231, Cuenca [8], Delgado Clasification [2], F. p. 3***, GT. 5.10–22, Lorichs 4827 [2], R. 275 [7 spec. of 5 var.], Vives, Lote, Dos Santos 3055 [3], Gagarine 575, Schulman 6/26/05.

(dd) عبد/الملك.

V. 585 [Vives (2)], C. [Camerino (2) + 2], Brethes 551–60 [1].

As (f).

(ee) Details lacking except سنة outside the line of the marginal legend, revealing the correction of an oversight on the part of the die-engraver.

Prieto p. 101.

(ff) Details lacking.

Elche, Kh. p. 327, Cordoba [6], Low.

I reject as improbable and misattributed an entry in th e Dos Santos list (3002) with reference to V. 509 (with تمليح), and two specimens in a Schulman catalogue (6/26/05), with reference to BM ii, 100 (with عامر).

325. 393 A. H. = 1002/3 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

(a) Date very obscure (digit ثلاثة?), but probably 393 A. H.

image image/عامر

HSA 15556 (3.44 twice pierced).

(b) As (a) but ornaments net described.

V. 61. [Academia, Cerda (4), Vives (6)].

(e) /المعز

/عامر

V. 630 [Vives], Cerda 197 (assigned to year 383, but probably 393) Longpérier p. 8 [Pablo Bosch].

326. 394 A. H. = 1003/4 A. D.

Al-Audalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

Ο

لا اله الا

الله وحده

Οلا شريك لهΟ

عبد الملك

Ο

M.: mint-date.

B. 305.

image

الحاجب

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عبد الملك

The ornament grows out of the second alif of الحاجب.

M.: Q. IX, 33.

(b) Dinar.

image/عبد الملك

P. 272 = V. 578.

As (a).

(c) Dinar.

image/عبد الملك

B. 304, Adquisiciones en 1932, XII, 4.

As (a).

(d) Dinar. As (a) but ornaments not described.

Fraehn, Inedita Bose, 11, Longpérier p. 8 (probably Paris), P. y V., Badajoz , 54.

(e) One-third dinar. As (a) except size and weight, and ornaments not described.

V. 570 [Vives].

Silver.

With the exception of (f) and (ee), all the specimens seen have circular obverse margins; one specimen of (f) has the circular margin, but all the rest of that category and the one specimen seen of (ee) have the rectilinear first quarter. As in no. 324 (f), the space above the obverse area of the (f) specimens is not occupied by an ornament,. There are points over various letters in the obverse margin. The fina-1 letter of اربع often has a long curling tail.

(f) /عبد الملك

عبد الملك/الحاجب

HSA 15434, 15442–4 (3.32, 2.99, 3.40 both twice pierced, 3.84). ANS(3.23), BM ix, 121a, b P.316–7, B. 374–5, Marsden CCCXXXIX, Østrup 2315–6 (misread).

(g) Ο/عبد الملك.

HSA 15432 (2.76).

As (f).

(h) Ο/عبد الملك.

Ο

HSA 15431, 15433 (3.10, 2.08 both twice pierced).

As (f).

(i) ΟΟ/عبد الملك.

B. 377.

As (f).

(j) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15421, 15451 (3.32, frg.), BM ix, 121c.

As (f).

(k) As(j). عبد الملك/الحاجب Ο

بالاندلس and تسعين end in upward flourishes.

HSA 15438 (2.95).

(l) image/عبد الملك.

Digit written: اربعع

HSA 15435 (3.16).

As (f).

(m) image image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15437 (2.77), BM ix, 121d, B. 376.

As (f).

(n) image image image/عبد الملك.

Østrap 2314 (misread).

As (f).

(o) image image image image/عبد الملك.

BM ix, 121e.

As (f).

(p) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15439 (3.10 twice pierced).

As (f).

(q) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15438 (2.87).

As (f).

(r) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15441 (3.57).

As (f).

Plate vii

(s) image image/عبد الملك.

image

HSA 15429–30 (3.43 twice pierced, 3.71), ANS (3.57).

As (f).

(t) image/عبد الملك(variations).

The ornament grows out of the ه of اله.

HSA 13666, 15420, 15422–3 (3.27, 3.73, 3.30, 3.09 the last three twice pierced), BM ix, 121f(?).

As (f).

(u) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15428 (3.15).

As (f).

(v) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 13724, 15425 (2.22, 3.05), P. 315.

As (f).

(w) image/عبد الملك

عبد الملك/الحاجب

B. 378. image

(x) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15447 (3.43).

As (f).

(y) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15448 (fragmentary).

As (f).

(z) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15427 (3.07 twice pierced).

As (f).

(aa) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15424, 15426 (2.80, 3.56), ANS (2.63).

As (f).

(bb) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15445–6 (3.57, frg.).

As (f).

(cc) Uncertain floral ornament/عبد الملك.

HSA 15440, 15450 (3.01, 3.74), BM ii, 121, Dos Santos 3056 [2].

As (f).

(dd) As (f) but ornaments not described.

V. 580 [42], C. [56], Cerda 231, Cuenca [14], Delgado, Clarification[2], Eacorial 1651, F. p. 3***, GT. 5923–5, R. 276 [6 var.], Gagarine 576, Schulman 3/30/14, 6/15/10, Sotheby [2].

(ee) الملك/عبد.

HSA 15482 (3.31 twice pierced), V. 586 [6, incl. Codera (3)], C. [1], Cerda 233, Cuenca [2], R. 280.

As (f).

(ff) Date?

V. 1416 = R. 282.

As (f).

Vives lists the above coin as an imitation. I have dealt with another Vives imitation class of this date (V. 1412) under the year 374 above. Codera lists still another coin with الحاجب above the obverse and عامر beneath the reverse (Codera and one other), date questionable. In view of the dubious date I have not given the presumed issue a regular entry.

(gg) Details lacking.

Elche, M. p. 76, Cordoba [8], Low.

No. 577 in the Gagarine list (with تمليح and عامر) is almost certainly a misattribution. Mr. John Walker of the British Museum has kindly informed me, in response to an inquiry, that BM ix, 121k, attributed by Lane-Boole to the year 394 (with شهيد beneath the obverse) is actually an issue of 397 (q. v.).

327. 394 A. H. = 1003/4 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

(a) Ο/ Ο/عبد الملك

HSA 13929 (3.02 broken) = (probably) V. 646 [Codera], Cuenca [1?].

(b) عبد الملك

الحاجب

V. 634 [Gayangos, Vives], Cuenca , Elche fig. 4.

(c) عبد/الملك image/الحاجب

Digit written: اربعة.

Plate vii

HSA 15584 (3.38) = (probably) V. 837 [Codera, Vives (ornaments not described)].

(d) As (c). image/الحاجب

Digit written: اربعة/?

HSA 15582 (3.58), HSA 15583 (1/2 frg., date lacking but apparently similar area legends and rev. ornament).

(e) As (c) but ornaments not described, and digit: اربع.

V. 636 [Academia, Gayangos (2), Vives], Cuenca [2?].

(f) Date?

الملك/عبد

جب/الحا

V. 635 [Vives].

(g) الملك/عبد

عبد الملك/الحاجب

V. 640 [Codera].

(h) As (g). عامر

V. 658 [Vives (3)].

(i) As (b). المعز

V. 651 [Vives].

(j) Details lacking but with name of عبد الملك

Delgado, Clarification.

(k) الحاجب

V. 659 [Vives].

(l) Mint Al-Andalus, but attributed by Vives to Fās.

الحاجب As (h).

V. 657 [Codera, Vives (3)].

328. 395 A. H. = 1004/5 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

عبد الملك

M.: mint-date.

P. y V., Badajoz , 55.

الحاجب

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عبد الملك

M.: Q. IX, 33.

(b) Dinar.

الملك/عبد

P y V., Badajoz , 57.

As (a).

Silver.

The obverse margins are circular, and there are points over various letters in the marginal legend.

(c) عبد الملك

عبد الملك/الحاجب

HSA 15459 (3.48), ANS (3.83), Ostrup 2318–9 (misread),

(d) Ο/عبد الملك

HSA 13667, 15463–4 (3.26, 2.49 twice pierced and segment lacking, 2.92), Dos Santos 3057.

As (c).

(e) •Ο•/عبد الملك

BM ix, 122b.

As (c).

(f) ΟΟ/عبد الملك

HSA 15454 (2.99).

As (c).

(g) image/عبد الملك

HSA 13673, 15467 (3.29, 3.36), Dos Santos 3057.

As (c).

(h) imageعبد الملك

HSA 15458, 22797 (2.90 twice pierced, 3.02), jB. 379.

As (c).

(i) imageعبد الملك

HSA 15466 (3.21).

As (c).

(j) imageعبد الملك

HSA 15455–7, 27796 (3.83, 3.13 segment lacking, 2.79, 3.70).

As (c).

(k) image/عبد الملك

B. 380.

As (c).

(l) image/عبد الملك

HSA 15453 (4.40 pierced), C. pi. IX, p. 95 [Gayangos].

The two coins cited above are not identical although the obverses are from the same die.

As (c).

(m) image/عبد الملك

ANS (2.87 segment lacking), Brethes 561–9 [1].

As (c).

(n) image/عبد الملك (variations)

HSA 15460, 15470 (2.45, 3.48), B. 381.

As (c).

(o) image/عبد الملك

HSA 15468 (segment lacking).

As (c).

(p) image/عبد الملك

HSA 15465 (3.97).

As (c).

(q) image/عبد الملك (variations)

HSA 16452, 15461, 15469 (3.46, 2.48 segment lacking, 3.23 twice pierced).

As (c).

(r) As (q). عبد الملك/الحاجب

HSA 15462 (2.60). Ο

(s) As (c) but ornaments uncertain or not described.

V. 581 [29], C. [28], BM ii, 122, ix, 122a, Cerda 234, Cuenca [13], GT. 5926–7, Lorichs 4828 [2], R. 277 [2 var.], Vives, Lote, Gagarine 578, Schulman 11/18/07 [2 var.], 5/5/08.

(t) الملك/عبد

HSA 13668, 13671, 13699, 13702, 15449, 15484–5 (3.05, 3.34, 3.17, 3.16 all twice pierced, 2.88, 3.72, 2.62 last two twice pierced), V. 587 [9], C. [5], BM ix, 122k, P. 318, B. 382, Brethes 561–9 [3], Cerda 235, Cuenca , Østrup 2317 (misread), Dos Santos 3058–9.

As (c).

(u) With عبد الملك on obv. and الحاجب عبد الملك on rev., but not clear whether type (c) or type (t).

Brethes 561–9 [4].

(v) Details lacking except the word سنة is repeated.

Prieto p. 101.

(w) Details lacking.

Casanova 972, Elche, M. p. 76, Cordoba [13], Sotheby [2].

The copper coin supposedly of this date described by Tychsen (Introductio, p. 133), with عماد الد ولة, is of course a coin of Ahmad I of Zaragoza.

329. 395 A. H. = 1004/5 A. D.

Sijilmāsah

Gold.

Dinar. Date probably 395.

image

لا اله الا الله

محمد رسول الله

وازير

M.: Q. IX, 33.

P. y V., Badajoz , 63.

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

M.: mint-date, ending سنة خمس.

To judge by the position of the above coin in bis list, Prieto y Vives considered the decade to be "90", but this maybe a mistaken assumption on my part. It might be "70" or "80'.' See the discussion of the name beneath the obverse on p. 84.

330. 395 A. H. = 1004/5 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

(a) الحاجب image عبد الملك

Digit written: خمسة.

HSA 15588 (2.38 twice pierced).

(b) As (a). image/عبد الملك

HSA 15587 (3.17).

(c) As (a). image/عبد الملك

HSA 15586 (3.71).

(d) As (a) but ornaments uncertain or not described.

HSA 15589 (frg.), V. 639 [Gayangos (2), Codera (3), Vivos (3)].

(e) As (a) but digit written خمس, and ornaments not described.

V. 638 [Academia, Vives], Cerda 236, Cuenca [31, Cuenca ("V. 638 bis").

(f) image image/عبد الملك

Digit written: خمسة?

HSA 15606 (3.79).

(g) /

image/عبد الملك

Date in full. (خمس?). Ο

HSA 15604 (2.57).

(h) As (f) but ornaments not described.

V. 647 [Codera (2), Vives (2)], Delgado, Clasificacion(?).

(i) عبد الملك/Illegible name عبد الملك/الحاجب

V. p. 82, foot-note [Delgado].

(j) /

/الحاجب

V. 660 [Gayangos, Vives].

(k) /

/عامر

V. 617 [Codera (2), Vives], Cuenca .

(l) Details lacking.

M. p. 76.

331. 395 A. H. = 1004/5 A. D.

Al-Mansūrah (?)

Silver.

Date? image/عبد الملك Ο/عامر

M: بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم بالمنصوة

و (⸮) و تسعين (⸮) سنة خمسة (sic)

Plate vii

Yockers (1.79 damaged).

332. 396 A. H. = 1005/6 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

عبد الملك

M.: mint-date.

V. 582 [Gayangos], P. y V., Badajoz , 56.

الحاجب

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عبد الملك

M.: Q. IX, 33.

(b) Dinar.

الملك/عبد

As (a).

Adquisiciones en 1932, XII, 5, P. y V., Badojoz, 58.

Silver.

Circular margins are the rule, with the exception of (c) (all but two specimens) and (d), which have the rectilinear first quarter. The ه of اله is sometimes ornamented; and there are occasional points over various letters in the obverse margin.

(c) /عبد الملك

عبد الملك/الحاجب

HSA 13693, 15476, 27798 (3.96, 3.31, 2.97), ANS (frg.), BM ii, 124, B. 384, Bardo, Clark, Nesmith.

(d) As (c) but digit written: ستة.

HSA 15477 (2.85 twice pierced)

(e) Ο/عبد الملك Ο

Brethea 570–4 [1?], Fitzwilliam 23.

As (c).

(f) image?/عبد الملك

HSA 15472 (3.10 twice pierced), Fitzwilliam 18(?).

As (c).

(g) image/عبد الملك

ANS (3.47 twice pierced).

As (c).

(h) image/عبد الملك

B. 383.

As (c).

(i) image/عبد الملك

HSA 15473 (3.74).

As (c).

(j) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15478 (3.84).

As (c).

(k) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15471 (2.97).

As (c).

(l) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15481 (2.77).

As (c).

(m) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15479 (3.32), Fitzwilliam 25.

As (c).

(n) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15475 (2.60).

As (c).

(o) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15474 (2.67 pierced), M. p. 76, no. 216 (?).

As (c).

(p) image/عبد الملك.

B. 385.

As (c).

(q) image/عبد الملك.

HSA 15480 (2.78), ANS (3.10).

As (c).

(r) image/عبد الملك.

As (c).

Conde, pi. II, 7 (misattributed, pp. 257–8, to 393 A. H.).

Conde's engravings are, of course, unreliable, and it may be that the ornament is inaccurately drawn; i. e., the specimen might be similar to one of those listed above.

(s) As (c) but ornaments uncertain or not described.

V. 583 [18], C. [28], BM ii, 123, Brethes 570–4 [3], Cerda 237, Cuenca . Delgado, Clasification, GT. 5928–30, Loriohs 4829, 0strup 2320 (misread), R. 278, Dos Santos 3063, Gagarine 579.

(t) الملك/عبد

HSA 15487–90 (2.49, 3.21, 2.85, 2.49 twice pierced), ANS (2.98), V. 588 [5], C. [4], BM ix, 122s, t B. 386, Brethes 570–4 [1], Cerda 238, M. p. 76, no. 217, R. 281, Nesmith, Yockers, Schulman 11/18/07.

As (c).

(u) Details lacking.

Elche, Cordoba [12], Sotheby.

333. 396 A. H. = 1005/6 A. D.

Madīnat Fas

Silver.

(a) عبد الملك/

عبد الملك/ الحاجب

V. 642 [Vives (2)].

(b) عبد الملك ΟΟ/

As(a).

Illegible name

Digit written: ستة.

HSA 13930 (broken and fragmentary).

(c) image/Illegible name

C. pl. X, p. 99 [Codera].

As (a).

(d) As (b) but ornaments, if any, not described.

V. 644 [Academia, Gayangos (?), Codera, Vives (2)], Cuenca , R. 305(?).

(e) Details lacking except that it bears the name of 'Abd al-Malik and "Ibn abi Isa."

Delgado, Clasificacion.

(f) الحاجب

الحاجب

V. 661 = R. 306.

(g) Date?

عبد

As (f).

V. 662 [Vives].

(h) Mint name Al-Andalus but attributed by Vives to Fās.

/عبد الملك

V. 648 [Vives].

334. 396 A. H. = 1005/6 A. D.

Nākūr

Silver.

/عامر

V. 673 [Codera (3)], R. 297.

Vives has another entry (no. 676) with a quite unintelligible description, i. e., year 396, the type as above, but the margin described thus:....... بالاندلس سنة. Why the coin is attributed to Nākūr and to the year 396, is not explained. The one specimen cited was Codera's.

335. 397 A. H. = 1006/7 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

عبد

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

الملك

M.: mint-date.

P.y V., Badajoz , 59.

الحاجب

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عبد الملك

M.: Q. IX, 33.

(b) شهيد

P. y V., Badajoz, 60.

As (a).

Silver.

All specimens seen with the exception of (c) and (e) have circular margins. The exceptions, which as in preceding years are those without an ornament above the obverse area, have the rectilinear first quarter. There are points over various letters in the obverse margin.

(c) عبد الملك

عبد الملك/الحاجب

ANS (3.20), V. 584 [7], C. [3], R. 279, Gagarine 580.

(d) الملك/عبد.

HSA 15483, 15486, 15491 (2.75 twice pierced, 3.54, 3.57 twice pierced), V. 589 [Vives (2)], C. [Codera + 1], Brethes 575–81 [1], Cerda 240, Cuenca [4], Soret à Dorn, RNB 1856, p. 139, Nesmith.

As (c).

(e) شهيد.

HSA 15494 (2.90), B. 387, Brethes 575–81 [3?].

As (c).

(f) Ο/شهيد.

HSA 15496 (2.63).

As (c).

(g) image/شهيد

HSA 15497 (2.86).

(h) image/شهيد.

P. 319, Brethes 575–81 [1?].

As (c).

(i) image/شهيد.

HSA 15492, 15504 (2.85, 2.90 twice pierced).

As (c).

(j) image/شهيد.

HSA 14141, 15502 (3.09, 2.60), BM ix, 121k (misattributed to 394 A. H.), Dos Santos 3060.

As (c).

(k) image/شهيد.

P. 320.

As (c).

(l) image/شهيد.

Plate viii

HSA 13674, 15493 (2.75 twice pierced, fragmentary).

As (c).

(m) image/شهيد.

HSA 13692, 15506 (2.31, 2.91 both twice pierced).

As (c).

(n) image/شهيد.

P. 321, B. 388, Yale.

As (c).

(o) image/شهيد.

HSA 15505 (3.60 twice pierced).

As (c).

(p) image/شهيد.

HSA 15498 (3.25).

As (c).

(q) image/شهيد.

HSA 15503 (3.57).

As (c).

(r) image/شهيد.

As (c).

(s) image (variations)/شهيد.

HSA 13679, 15499–15501 (3.25, 2.90, 2.40, 2.88), ANS (2.70 twice pierced).

As (c).

(t) image/شهيد.

HSA 15495 (2.88 twice pierced).

As (c).

(u) image/شهيد.

BM ix, 124 d (probably) Marsden CCCXL.

As (c).

(v) As (e) but ornaments uncertain or not described.

C. pl. IX, p. 96 [Gayangos],

V. 590 [30], C. [21], BM ix, 124e, Brethes 575–81 [1], Castiglionl CCLVII (cf. Codera, Errores, p. 10), Cerda 239, Cuenca [3], GT. 5931–2, Østrup 2321–3, Soret à Dorn, RNB 1856, p. 139, Dos Santos 3062 [2], Gagarine 581.

(w) "Copper dirhem."

شهيد

الامام سليمن

امير المؤمنين

المستعين بالله

V. 1421 [Vives].

Vives lists the above curiosity among the imitations.

(x) Details lacking except that the word سنة is lacking.

Prieto, p. 101.

(y) Details lacking.

Elche, M. p. 76, Cordoba [6].

336. 397 A. H. = 1006/7 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

(a) عبد الملك/الحاجب

عبد الملك/الحاجب

V. 643 [Codera].

(b) Details lacking except name of عبد الملك once only.

Delgado, Clasificacion.

(c) عبد الملك

معز/الحاجب

V. 666 [Academia, Codera (3), Vives (5)], Cerda 241.

(d) المعز

الحاجب

V. 663 [Vives].

(e) image/المعز Ο/عامر

HSA 15579 (3.27 twice pierced) = (probably) V. 631 [Codera].

(f) Date?

/الحاجب

الحاجب/

V. 664 [Vives].

(g) Date?

....?/

V. 665 [Vives].

عبد/....?

337. 397 A. H. = 1006/7 A. D.

Nākūr

Silver.

(a) Date?

image Ο/عامر

C. pl. X, p. 100 [Gayangos], (cf. Codera, Çecas, p. 377), Thorburn.

(b) /

/عامر

Ornaments?

Some with سبع, some سبعة.

V. 674–5 [Gayangos (2), Codera, Vives].

(c) Mint and date?

Ο/

عمر؟/الحاجب

M.: (sic) سنة و (⸮) بنكور .....

HSA 15607 (1.83 damaged).

This is a very crudely executed and more or less illiterate coin, with omissions and misspellings in both margins. The digit is clear, however, and in view of the other specimens of this year and mint I believe the present attribution may be the correct one.

(d) /

عامر؟/الحاجب؟

V. 677 [Codera].

338. 398 A. H. = 1007/8 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

(a) Dinar.

•?

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

عبد الملك

M.: mint-date.

Adquisiciones en 1932, XII, 6.

الحاجب

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عبد الملك

M.: Q. IX, 33.

The date is not legible in the illustration of the abo vedinar; it is quite possible that it was misread.

(b) Dinar.

/شهيد

V. 591 [Lahoz], P. y V., Badajoz, 61.

As (a).

(c) Dinar.

Fleuron/شهيد

عبد الملك/الحاجب

P. 1113 = V. 1418.

Lavoix lists the above coin as an imitation (as does Vives), and gives "lectures rectifiées" for both areas and marginal legends. I do not know what the counterfeit characteristics are, other than the implied barbarousness of the epigraphy.

Silver.

All specimens seen have circular margins. There are points over various letters in the obverse margin.

(d) image/شهيد

عبد الملك/الحاجب

Soret à Bartholomaei, RNB 1858, no. 45.

(e) image/شهيد.

HSA 15509 (3.47).

As (d).

(f) image (variations?).

HSA 155 07 (3.49), P. 322, B. 389.

As (d).

(g) image/شهيد.

HSA 15508 (3.21 twice pierced).

As (d).

(h) As (d) but ornaments uncertain or not described.

V. 592 [11], C. [13], BM ix, 124k, l, m, Campaner, Num. Bal., p. 255(?), Cerda 242, Cuenca [2], Delgado, Clasificacion, F. p. 3***, Lorichs 4830 (probably), M. p. 76 (?), R. 284 [4 spec, of 2 var.], Gagarine 582, Sotheby (?).

(i) Date? Ends with digit.

HSA 13365 (2.'47) = (probably) C. [Codera].

The style suggests "90" as the decade for the above coin; "80" is possible also, but in that case 'Amir would almost certainly be present.

(j) Details lacking.

Elche, Cordoba [12].

No. 583 in the Gagarine list (with عبد الملك and الحاجب عبد الملك) is doubtless a misattribution.

With the. Name of Muḥammad II.

(k) جهور

الامام محمد

امير المؤمنين

المهدي بالله

V. 680 [Vives], C. [Caballero Infante + 1], Sawaszkiewicz p. 204 (?).

Codera (Títvlos, p. 16), doubtless referring to the first three specimens cited above, confirms the reading of the date 398 on "a few" of Muhammad's coins. In attempting to explain the issue he suggested that perhaps the revolution against al-Manṭūr's son did not have such quick results as reported by the chroniclers, or that the involved developments of these years were not entirely correctly reported. Vives (p. XXVI) believed that his coin was an "equivocatión" of the engraver, a view supported by the debased metal of his specimen.

339. 398 A. H. = 1007/8 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

(a) عبد الملك

عبد الملك/الحاجب

V. 641 [Vives (2)], Cerda 243, M. p. 76, no. 220 (?).

(b) As (a) عبد الملك

V. 649 [Vives (2)], Cerda 244 (date?).

(c) As (b) but date written: ثمانية وتسعين وثلث.

V. 650 [Vives], Cuenca.

(d) /

image/عبد الملك Ο

HSA 15605 (3.85 twice pierced).

(e) Date?

V. 633 [Academia, Vives (?)].

As (a).

(f) As (a).

المعز/عبد الملك

V. 653 [Codera, Vives (2)], Windisch-Grätz 78 (date and mint questioned, but attributed to Al-Andalus).

(g) Mint name without مدينة.

المعز/الحاجب

V. 667 [Vives].

As (a).

(h) Mint name without مدينة.

/المعز

image/عبد الملك

HSA 15601 (2.80 twice pierced).

(i) Date? Mint name apparently Without مدينة.

/⸮ المعز

image/عبد الملك

HSA 15602 (3.77).

(j) Mint name without مدينة.

As (h).

image/عبد الملك

C. pl. X, p. 99 [Gayangos].

(k) As (h) but ornaments not described. V. 652 [8].

(l) Mint name without مدينة.

As (h). /عبد الرحمن

V. 654 [Vives], R. 307 [2 var.].

(m) Mint name without مدينة.

As (h). image/image

Longpérier, RN 1838, p.442.

(n) As (h). /

V. 655 [Gayangos, Vives (2)], Cerda 245, Cuenca, M. p. 76, no. 221(?), R. 304.

(o) Ο/المعز

Ο/عامر

C. pl. X, p. 99 [Gayangos] = V. 632.

End Notes

1
Actually Codera's tabulation omits عامر beneath the reverse, but this is certainly an error, because none of the collections he cites has any specimens with the name lacking.
1
V. 1410 [Vives].

PERIOD OF REVOLUTION AND COLLAPSE

Hishām ii and Abū'l-Walīd Muḥammad ii Al-Mahdi Bi'llāh

340. 399 A. H. = 1008/9 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

A. Hishām ii

(a)

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

برد

M.: mint-date.

V. 593 [Lahoz], P. y V., Badajoz , 62.

الحاجب

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عبد العزيز

M.: Q. IX, 33.

B. Muḥammad ii

(b)

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

جهور

M.: mint-date.

Prieto, 3a.

الامام

محمد

امير المؤمنين

المهدي

بالله

M.: Q. IX, 33.

Silver.

A. Hishām ii

The obverse margins of all specimens seen are circular. Most have floral ر in لا شربك. A few, of distinct style, have ornamented ن of المؤمنين and ر of عامر.

(c) /

image/عامر

HSA 13677 (2.48 segment lacking).

(d) /

image/عامر

HSA 13480 (3.42 segment lacking), ANS (2.91).

(e) ••/

image/عامر

HSA 13466 (2.54).

(f) image/

○/عامر

BM ix, 1249.

(g) As (f)?. ∴/عامر

HSA 13456 (3.78).

(h) As (f). image/عامر

HSA 13461 (2.88).

(i) image/

As (f).

HSA 13473 (3.23).

(j) image/

As (f).

HSA 13484 (2.58).

(k) image/

image/عامر

HSA 13039 (3.10).

(l) image/

image/عامر

HSA 13470 (3.06).

(m) image/

image/عامر

HSA 13486 (2.91 twice pierced).

(n) As (c) but ornaments uncertain or not described.

Brethes 682–3 [1], Elche, fig. 3, Østrup 2324–6, Gagarine 585.

(o) /برد

عبد العزيز/الحاجب

V. 594 [Vives (6)], C. [Caballero Infante, Camerino + 2].

There is in the Gagarine list (no. 586) a dirhem with "Berd" and "Abdulaziz," i. e., with inscriptions apparently similar to (o), but attributed to Muḥammad II; also a specimen of Hishām's with "Dschafar" (probably for جهور). I doubt the authenticity of these attributions.

(p) Details lacking except Hishām.

M. p. 76, no. 222, Sotheby [2].

I suspect that a specimen listed by Brethes (no. 582–3) and another in the Dos Santos catalogue (no. 3062), with عبد الملك beneath the obverse and الحاجب above and عبد الملك beneath the reverse, are misattributions. They may be of the year 394.

B. Muḥammad ii

All specimens seen, with two exceptions, have circular obverse margins. The exceptions, with rectilinear first quarters, are (t) and (u). The ج of جهور is provided with a point beneath. There are points over various letters in the obverse margin. The د of محمد in some specimens is floral.

(q) /جهور

الامام محمد

امير المؤمنين

المهدي بالله

HSA 13705, 15616, 15619 (2.19, 2.80, 2.95), Østrup 2329.

(r) As (q). ○/○

BM ix, 126c.

(s) As (q). image/

B. 401.

(t) As (q). image/image

HSA 15609 (3.14) = C. pl. XI, p. 108. Plate viii

(u) AS (q). image/image

HSA 13680, 15608 (2.20, 3.04).

(v) As (q). image/

HSA 15617 (2.77).

(w) ○/جهور

HSA 13685, 13707, 15610, 15612 (2.49, 3.22 twice pierced, 2.74 twice pierced, 3.39), ANS (2.43), BM ii, 126, P. 332, B. 399–400, Dos Santos 3068.

(x) As (w).

As (r).

P. 330.

(y) As (w).

As (t).

P. 331.

(Z) image/جهور

HSA 15615 (3.03).

(aa) image/جهور

HSA 15611 (3.35 twice pierced).

(bb) As (aa). image

HSA 15618 (3.21). Plate xv

(cc) image/جهور

HSA 15613–4 (3.06 twice pierced, fragmentary).

(dd) As (q) but ornaments uncertain or not described.

V. 681 [25], Cuenca [6], (Prieto 1), R. 314 [9 spec, of 8 var.], Vives, Lote, Dos Santos 3063, 3068 [2], Gagarine 584, Schulman 11/18/07.

The following types often have pellets at the end of the first three lines of the reverse area.

(ee) As (q). ○

الامام

محمد

امير المؤمنين

المهدي بالله

HSA 15622 (twice pierced, segment lacking).

(ff) As (q).

As (ee) but ∴

ANS (3.00).

(gg) As (q).

As (ee) but image

HSA 15625 (3.58).

(hh) As (q).

As (ee) but image

HSA 15623 (3.01), P. 333 (variation?), B. 402.

(ii) As (q).

As (ee) but image (variations)

B. 403, Conde pl. II, 8, pp. 259–60 (correctly identified but name beneath obv. not read).

(jj) As (w).

As (ee) but image

HSA 15621 (3.61 twice pierced), P. 334.

(kk) As (w).

As (ii).

ANS (3.00).

(ll) As (w).

As (ee) but image

Marsden CCCXLI (misinterpreted p. 329) = (probably) BM ix, 126a.

(mm) image/جهور?

As (ee) but image

HSA 13706 (2.95 pierced).

(nn) image/جهور

As (ee) but ∴

HSA 15620 (3.87).

(oo) As (ee) but ornaments not described.

V. 682 [18], Cuenca [2], GT. 5936, (Prieto 2), R. 315 [3 var.], Vives, Lote, Dos Santos 3063.

(PP) As (q). الامام

محمد

امير المؤمنين

المهدي

بالله

BM ix, 126P (annulet above obv., ornament above rev.), V. 683 [Vives], (Prieto 3b).

(qq) As (q). Details lacking except name of محمد.

C. [48], Cerda 250, Delgado, Clasificacion [3], Lorichs 4832 [2] (misread), Windisch-Grätz 79, Schulman 6/26/05 (?).

(rr) Date?

As (q)

الامام محمد

امير المؤمنين

المهدي بالله

عامر

C. [Codera + 1] = V. 1408.

Vives describes the above coin as billon and lists it among the imitations.

(ss) Crude billon coin. Date? First quarter of obverse margin rectilinear.

الامام محمد

امير المؤمنين

المهدي بالله

HSA 13723 (3.40).

(tt) Crude billon coin. First quarter of obverse margin rectilinear.

......(illegible name)

As (ss).

ANS (2.95).

(uu) Details lacking except name of Muḥammad II.

Casanova 973, M. p. 76, nos. 225–6, Sawaszkiewicz p. 204, Schulman 6/26/05 [2 (one "copper")], Sotheby.

341. 399 A. H. = 1008/9 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

A. Hishām ii

(a) /

/المعز

V. 656 [Vives], Cerda 246.

B. Muḥammad ii

(b) Date? Mint? No details.

M. p. 76, no. 224.

In the Madrid collection (R. 283 = V. 1417) there is a copper ("imitation") of Hishām's, mint lacking, date 39x, with /محمد and عبد الملك/الحاجب.

See also the "independent" issue of al-Mu'izz of 399 (Prieto, no. 128)

Muḥammad ii and Abū-Ayyūb Sulaymān Al-Musta'īn Bi'llāh

342. 400 A. H. = 1009/10 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

A. Muḥammad ii

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

جهور

M.: mint-date.

P. y V., Badajoz , 65.

الامام

محمد

امير المؤمنين

المهدي

بالله

M.: Q. IX, 33.

Prieto refers to his own Reyes de Taifas , 3 a, but the latter is a dinar of the year 399.

(b) Dinar.

○/ابن مسلمة

image

الامام محمد

امير المؤمنين

المهدي بالله

P. y V., Badajoz, 66.

(c) Dinar.

/ابن مسلمة

الامام

محمد

امير المؤمنين

المهدي بالله

P. y V., Badajoz, 67.

(d) Dinar.

/محمد

الامام محمد

امير المؤمنين

المهدي بالله

P. y V., Badajoz, 68 (Prieto 6a, "unique").

(e) Dinar.

As (d).

%

الامام محمد

امير المؤمنين

المهدي

بالله

Dos Santos 3070.

B. Sulaymān

(f) Dinar.

/ابن مسلمة

الامام سليمن

امير المؤمنين

المستعين بالله

V. 690 [Vives], (Prieto 16a), P. y V., Badajoz, 71.

(g) Dinar.

As (f).

الامام سليمن

امير المؤمنين

المستعين

بالله

P. y V., Badajoz , 72.

Silver.

B. Muḥammad ii

All specimens seen with the exception of (j) have circular obverse nargins, in which there are points over various letters. On some specimens the د of محمد is ornamented.

(h) /ابن مسلمة

Plate viii

HSA 13710, 15626 (3.13, 3.04), BM ii, 128, ix, 128a, P. 336, B. 414, DR. 50 = DR., Monetario, II, 11, Dos Santos 3071, Pedersen p. 42 (?).

(i) ○/ابن مسلمة

HSA 15630 (2.95)

(j) As (i) but obv. margin is completely rectilinear, forming a square around the area. Cf. (qq) below, same obv. die. The د of الاندلس is floral, and the final letter of the same word ends in an upward flourish.

HSA 15631 (3.55), GT. 5938 (ornament not described but similar margin).

(k) As (i) with additional ○ above 2nd line of obv.

P. 335.

(l) •/ابن مسلمة

P. 337.

(m) image/ابن مسلمة

HSA 15628–9 (5.18, 2.81 twice pierced), V. and A.

Note the exceptional weight of one of the above specimens.

(n) image/ابن مسلمة

HSA 15624 (3.85).

(o) image/ابن مسلمة

B. 415.

(p) image/ابن مسلمة

BM ii, 127, ix, 127a, B. 416.

(q) image/ابن مسلمة

BM ix, 128b.

(r) image/ابن مسلمة

HSA 15627 (3.52 twice pierced).

(s) As (r). ○

HSA 13716 (3.02 twice pierced).

(t) As (h) but ornaments uncertain or not described.

V. 688 [32], C. [41], Cerda 252, Cuenca [6], Delgado, Clasificacion, Elche [3?], GT. 5937, (Prieto 4), R. 317 [10 spec. of 7 var.], Windisch-Grätz 80, Gagarine 588, Dos Santos 3071, Pedersen p. 42 [2], Schulman 6/26/05.

(u) As (i). image

الامام

محمد

امير المؤمنين

المهدي بالله

HSA 15632 (2.80).

(v) As (u) but ornaments not described.

V. 689 [Codera (2), Vives (4)], (Prieto 5, "very rare").

(w) /محمد

الامام محمد

امير المؤمنين

المهدي بالله

P. 338, B. 417, Østrup 2330.

(x) image/محمد

image/image

ANS (3.12).

(y) image/محمد

ANS (3.72), BM ix, 126m, B. 418.

(z) As (y).

As (x).

ANS (3.26), P. 339.

(aa) image/محمد

ANS (3.95).

(bb) image/محمد

image/Ornament grows out of circle enclosing area.

ANS (3.87).

(cc) image/محمد

image/Ornament grows out of circle enclosing area and joins with tail of د of محمد.

HSA 13686 (3.00).

(dd) image/محمد

HSA 13704 (4.02).

(ee) As (w) but ornaments uncertain or not described.

V. 684 [20], C. [30], BM ix, 1261, Calcutta 7908, Cerda 251, Cuenca, Elche [3?], Lorichs 4833, (Prieto 6b), R. 316 [5 spec. of 4 var.], Vives, Lote, Dos Santos 3069 [2], Gagarine 589, Schulman 5/5/08, 11/18/07.

(ff) /محمد

image

الامام محمد

امير المؤمنين

المهدي

بالله

Also above the area, ornament similar to (cc) above.

HSA 13709 (2.80, gilt).

(gg) As (ff) but ornaments not described.

V. 687 [Codera (2), Vives], (Prieto 9, "very rare").

(hh) As (y). الامام

محمد

امير المؤمنين

المهدي

بالله

Marsden CCCXLII.

(ii) As (hh) but no ornaments?

Marsden p. 330.

(jj) As (hh) but ornaments not described.

V. 686 [6, incl. Codera (l)], (Prieto 8, "rare").

(kk) محمد

الامام

محمد

امير المؤمنين

المهدي بالله

V. 685 [Gayangos], (Prieto 7, "very rare").

(ll) Details lacking except that they are issues of Muhammad II. Casanova 974, Delgado, Clasificacion [4], M. p. 76 [3], Low, Sotheby.

Conde, pl.II, 6 (p. 259), described as al-Andalus, 400 A. H., with reverse الحاجب/يحي, is a misattribution, and the apparently fanciful engraving eludes identification.

B. Sulaymān

The obverse margins of all specimens seen, with the exception of (qq), are circular. There are points over various letters in the margins. The ن 's of سليمن and المؤمنين are sometimes upturned.

(mm) ابن مسلمة

الامام سليمن

امير المؤمنين

المستعين بالله

HSA 13720 (3.64), ANS (3.35), B. 405. Plate viii

(nn) As (mm). ○

Østrup 2331.

(oo) As (mm). image

HSA 15663 (2.87).

(pp) ○/ابن مسلمة

HSA 15639–40 (2.88 twice pierced, segment lacking), BM ix, 129a, P. 340.

(qq) As (pp) but obv. margin is completely rectilinear, forming a square. Same obv. die as (j) above, in a more worn state. HSA 15638, 15641 (3.09 twice pierced, fragmentary).

(rr) image/ابن مسلمة

HSA 15642 (4.14).

(rr bis) image/ابن مسلمة ○/○ ○

V. and A.

(ss) image/ابن مسلمة

HSA 15637 (2.80 twice pierced), BM ix, 129b.

(tt) As (ss). image

B. 406.

(uu) image/ابن مسلمة

HSA 13722, 15635–6 (2.70, 3.20, 4.45), BM ix, 129c.

(vv) As (uu). image

HSA 15660 (3.15).

(ww) image/ابن مسلمة

HSA 15634 (3.23 twice pierced).

(xx) image/ابن مسلمة

HSA 15633 (3.06).

(yy) image (slight variations)/ابن مسلمة

HSA 13711–2, 15643, 15662 (ornament obscure), 15665–6 (2.87, 3.98, 3.68 twice pierced, 2.80, 4.14, 4.29), C. pl. XI, p. 109, B. 404 (?), Pedersen p. 42 (?).

(zz) As (yy). ○

ANS (3.77).

(aaa) As (yy). ○/○

HSA 15661, 15664 (2.06, 2.75).

(bbb) As (yy). image

HSA 15645 (3.50).

(ccc) As (yy). image

HSA 13717, 15644 (2.87, 3.96 twice pierced), BM ii, 129, Dos Santos 3072–3 [4].

(ddd) image/ابن مسلمة

P. 341.

(eee) image/ابن مسلمة ○ ○/○ ○

B. 407.

(fff) As (mm) but ornaments uncertain or not described.

V. 691 [48], C. [49, probably including some of types below], Cuenca [12], Karabacek, WNM 1868, p. 43, (Prieto 16b), R. 318 [8 spec. of 4 var.], Gagarine 590.

(ggg) ابن مسلمة

بالله

الامام سليمن

امير المؤمنين

المستعين

HSA 15658 (3.09).

(hhh) As (pp).

As (ggg).

HSA 15659 (2.73), BM ii, 130.

(iii) As (pp).

As (ggg) but beneath: image

DR. 51.

(jjj) As (uu).

As (ggg).

B. 408.

(kkk) image/ابن مسلمة

As (ggg).

HSA 15657 (2.35).

(lll) As (ggg) but ornaments not described.

V. 692 [10, incl. Codera (2)], Cuenca [2], (Prieto 17, "rare"), R. 319.

(mmm) ابن مسلمة

الامام سليمن

امير المؤمنين

المستعين

بالله

V. 693 [Vives], (Prieto 18, "unique").

(nnn) Details lacking except obv. ابن مسلمة.

Brethes 583 bis, ter [2], Cerda 253, Delgado, Clasificacion [8], Elche, GT. 5944–7, Lorichs 4834 [12].

(ooo) ○/سليمن

• • before the word سنة.

ولى العهد

الامام سليمن

امير المؤمنين

المستعين بالله

محمد

HSA 15710 (3.08).

The date of this coin may possibly be 404, not 400. It ends immediately after اربع with a single letter which may be م or و. Cf. Prieto, no. 28 (c).

(ppp) image/ابن شهيد

As (ooo.)

C. pl. XI, p. 110 [Codera].

(qqq) As (ppp) but ornaments not described.

V. 694 [Gayangos], (Prieto 48a, "unique"), Elche, R. 322 ("dirhem falso"), Vives, Lote [2].

Prieto (p. 161) lists the above issue among the "monedas falsas" of the revolutionary era, and Rada describes it as a counterfeit. Prieto is of course wrong in intimating that only one specimen of the issue was known.

(rrr) Date?

As (ooo).

C. [Codera + 1].

(sss) Counterfeit. Very crude fabric and epigraphy. Debased silver.

Illegible name

As (ooo).

HSA 15671 (3.13).

Østrup's 2332 with rev. محمد/ولى العهد is doubtless misread with respect to the name on the obverse, 'Abd al-Qādir. The coin is probably one of the types (ooo)–(rrr). Marsden's CCCXLIII is not a coin of the Umayyads.

(ttt)

C. [Caballero Infante + 1].

(uuu) Details lacking except that they are issues of Sulaymān. Casanova 975, M. p. 77 [3], Low.

C. Hishām ii (Second Reign)

(vvv) ابن مسلمة

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

V. 697 [Gayangos, Vives].

(www) image

C. pl. XI, p. 105 [Gayangos].

(xxx) As (www) but ornaments not described.

V. 709 [Gayangos, Vives (2)], C. [Academia (?), Gayangos (2), Codera + 3], (Prieto 10a, "rare").

(yyy) Details lacking except that they are issues of Hishām ii.

Cordoba [7], M. p. 880, no. 229a, Sotheby.

343. 400 A. H. = 1009/10 A. D.

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Gold.

Sulaymān

(a) Dinar.

image

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

ابن شهيد

M.: mint-date. DR. 52.

ولى العهد

الامام سليمن

امير المؤمنين

المستعين بالله

محمد

M.: Q. IX, 33.

(b) Dinar. As (a) but ornaments not described.

V. 605 [Vives], GT. 5939, (Prieto 10a, "very rare"), P. y V., Badajoz 73, R. 320, RM uncat., Schulman 4/26/37.

Silver .

A. Sulaymān

The obverse margins of all specimens seen are circular.

(c) ابن شهيد

ولى العهد

الامام سليمن

امير المؤمنين

المستعين بالله

محمد

P. 345, Østrup 2333 (?), Yale.

(d) ○/ابن شهيد

As(c).

HSA 13715, 15650 (2.67, 3.50), P. 347–8, Dos Santos 3075.

(e) image/ابن شهيد

As (c).

HSA 13714, 13718, 13721, 15652, 15656 (4.30 twice pierced, 2.93, 3.67, 2.37, 2.65), ANS (4.17, 2.98), BM ii, 131, ix, 131a, b, P. 346, B. 409–12, Østrup 2334 (?), Windisch–Grätz 81, Fitzwilliam 26.

(f) As (e) but obverse margin begins at lower right.

HSA 15651 (3.25).

(g) As (e).

As (c) but محمد.

HSA 13966 (3.36).

(h) image/ابن شهيد

As (c).

HSA 15647–8 (3.51 twice pierced, 4.48).

(i) image/ابن شهيد

As (c).

HSA 15654 (2.32), B. 413.

(j) image/ابن شهيد

As (c).

HSA 15653 (3.35).

(k) image/ابن شهيد

As (c).

HSA 14255 (3.92).

(l) image/ابن شهيد

As (c).

HSA 15646 (4.58 twice pierced).

(m) image/ابن شهيد

As (c).

HSA 14254 (3.98), ANS (2.71).

(n) image/ابن شهيد

As (c).

Plate xv

HSA 15655 (3.65).

(o) image/ابن شهيد

As (c).

HSA 13713, 15649 (3.10, 3.57 twice pierced).

(p) As (c) but ornaments not described.

V. 696 [25], c. [33], Badajoz p. 451, Casanova 976 (?), Cerda 254, Cuenca [7], Elche, Delgado, Clasificacion [5], GT. 5940–3, Lorichs 4835 [8], M. p. 77, (Prieto 19b), R. 321 [5 spec, of 4 var.], Dos Santos 3074–5] [3], Low, Schulman 6/26/05, 11/18/07, 5/5/08, 5/24/09 (?), Sotheby [3].

B. Hishām ii

ابن شهيد

محمد

Gagarine 592.

The attribution of the above coin to Hishām is no mere slip; it is deliberate. Whether it is correct or not there is no way of telling.

344. 400 A. H. = 1009/10 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

Hishām ii

/عبد الملك /⸮ المعز

M.: بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم بمدينة (sic) فاس سنة اربعمائة و و سـ

HSA 15603 (2.93). Plate viii

The obverse margin of the above coin is very curiously written and I am in some doubt as to both the mint and the date. Both the ف and the س of Fās are somewhat irregular (but they often are); the م of مائة is directly on top of the ع of اربع; and the letters following the century are anomalous. I think it maybe that we have here a reengraved obverse die of the year 394, the word "400" having been super-imposed on the end of the earlier digit and the beginning of "90", and the meaningless و و added to fill in the space of the rest of the old decade.

See also the "independent" issues of al-Mu'izz in 400 (Prieto, nos. 129–30).

Hishām ii and Sulaymān

345. 401 A. H. = 1010/11 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold .

Hishām ii

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

البكري

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

V. 698 [Vives], (Prieto 11a, "very rare"), P. y V., Badajoz, 69.

(b) Dinar.

image/عبد الله image

• at left of 2nd and 3rd lines.

P. 273 = V. 700 = Prieto 12a.

(c) Dinar. As (b) but ornaments not described.

P. y V., Badajoz , 70.

Silver .

A. Hishām ii

The obverse margins of all specimens seen are circular.

(d) البكري

HSA 13964 (3.64), B. 420, Yockers.

(e)As (d). image/○

HSA 13979 (3.26).

(f) As (d). image

HSA 13682 (3.89), Dos Santos 3065.

(g) ○/البكري image

Plate viii

HSA 13965 (3.31) = C. pl. XI, p. 105 [Codera], BM ix, 124x.

(h) image/البكري Uncertain ornament

HSA 13981 (3.16 twice pierced).

(i) As (h). image

B. 421.

(j) image/البكري image

B. 422.

(k) image/البكري

As (d).

HSA 13967 (3.31).

(l) image/البكري

As (d).

ANS (2.96).

(m) As (d) but ornaments uncertain or not described.

V. 699 [28], C. [29], Cerda 247, Cuenca , GT. 5948, (Prieto 11b), R. 309 [2 var.], Schulman 11/18/07.

(n) عبد الله As (d).

HSA 13971 (frg.), HSA 13972 (very crude epigraphy, probably a counterfeit. 2.77 twice pierced). Østrup 2326.

(o) As (n). ○/○

ANS (2.80, 2.84).

(p) ○/عبد الله ○

Digit: واحدي

HSA 13975 (2.61).

(q) As (p).

As (o).

HSA 13683 (3.79).

(r) image/عبد الله

As (d).

HSA 13974 (2.86 twice pierced).

(s) As (r).

As (p).

P. 323.

(t) As (r). •

B. 423.

(u) As (r). image

HSA 13987 (3.37).

(V) As (r). Rev. not illustrated.

C. pl. XI, p. 105 [Gayangos].

(w) image/عبد الله

As (p).

HSA 13986 (2.73).

(x) As (w).

As (o).

HSA 13990 (2.84).

(y) As (w). image

HSA 13978 (3.64 twice pierced), P, 324.

(z) As (w). image

HSA 13989 (3.87).

(aa) As (w). image

HSA 13976–7 (3.00 twice pierced, 3.45).

(bb) image/عبد الله

As(p).

HSA 13988 (3.20 segment lacking).

(cc) As (bb). image/image

BM ix, 124v = (probably) Marsden CCCXLIV.

(dd) image/عبد الله

As(d).

HSA 13991 (3.85).

(ee) image/عبد الله

As (i).

HSA 13970 (2.70).

(ff) image/عبد الله

image/○

HSA 13973 (3.26 twice pierced).

(gg) As (n) but ornaments uncertain or not described.

V. 701 [46], C. [47], Cerda 248, Cuenca [5], Delgado, Clasificacion [3], GT. 5949–51, (Prieto 12b), R. 310 [6 var.], Vives, Lote [2], Dos Santos 3066, Gagarine 593.

(hh) Date lacking [401 or 402?].

عبد/الله

HSA 13983 (fragmentary), Cuenca (assigned by Codera to 401 or 402).

The basis of my attribution, as presumably that of Codera, is the presence of the name 'Abdullāh.

(ii) /

V.710 [3], C. [7], Delgado, Clasificacion [5] (?), (Prieto 10b), R. 308 [3 var.].

(jj) /محمد

/شهيد

C. [Gayangos + 1].

(kk) Details lacking except that they were issued by Hishām. Campaner, Num. Bal., p. 255, M. p. 77, nos. 230–1, Low, Sotheby.

Marsden CCCXLV is misattributed. Codera (Titulos, p. 77) mentions a coin of 401 A. H. with محمد and شهيد; but the date is doubtful, the digit only being preserved, and the location of the coin is not stated.

B. Sulaymān

(ll) Crude execution.

image/محمد

image

الامام سليمن

امير المؤمنين

المستعين بالله

ولى العهد

P. 342 = V. 713.

Lavoix mistakenly transcribed the words beneath the reverse of the above coin as ابن شهيد. The illustration shows that Vives' reading (as above) is correct. Prieto y Vives does not list the coin either among Sulaymān's issues or among the "monedas falsas" of the revolutionary period, although he does describe a dinar (no. 49) with similar legends in the latter category.

(mm) Crude fabric and execution.

image/محمد

محمد/ولى العهد

HSA 15709 (2.14).

(nn) Details lacking except that they are issues of Sulaymān. Cordoba [6].

HishāM ii and Sulaymān

346. 402 A. H. = 1011/12 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

Hishām ii

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

عبد الملك

M.: mint-date.

Prieto 12c ("unique"; location?).

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

M.: Q. IX, 33.

(b) Dinar.

ابن يوسف/سعيد

image/○

B. 419, (Prieto 13a, "very rare"), Bardo (without the ornaments?). Nützel mistakenly transcribed the name beneath the obverse of the above dinar as ابو يوسف.

Silver.

A. Hishām II

The obverse margins of all specimens seen are circular.

○/عبد الله

○/

HSA 13984 (2.73).

(d) image/عبد الله

As (c).

HSA 13985 (3.50).

(e) As (d). image/

HSA 13980 (3.22 twice pierced).

(f) As (c) but ornaments not described.

V. 702 [11], C. [10], Delgado, Clasificacion, (Prieto 12d, "rare"), Gagarine 594.

(g) ابن يوسف/سعيد

Ashmolean 116–7.

(h) As (g).

As (c).

ANS (2.65).

(i) As (g).

As (e).

Plate viii

HSA 13684, 13982 (3.10, 3.00), B. 424, Thorburn (ornament?).

(j) As (g) but ornaments not described.

V. 703 [19], C. [33, obv. of one illustrated pl. XI, p. 106 (Gayangos)], Cerda 249, Cuenca [7], Delgado, Clasificacion [2], Elche , (Prieto 13b), R. 311 [12 spec. of 5 var.], Dos Santos 3067, Gagarine 595, Schulman 6/15/10.

(k) As (g). Ornament

الامام

هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد

بالله

image

○?

BM ii, 125.

(l) As (g).

As (k) but ornaments, if any, not described.

V. 707 [Gayangos, Codera, Vives], Cuenca, (Prieto 14), R. 313.

(m) As (g).

عامر

BM ix, 125b.

If Lane-Poole's reference is correct the reverse of the above dirhem contains عامر, but I consider it likely that this inference is an inadvertence.

(n) Date?

البكري

C. [Codera + 1] = V. 1420.

Vives lists this coin as copper, and among the imitations.

(o) ابن عباس

Prieto 15 ("very rare"; location?).

(p) Date?

المعز

عبد الله

Østrup 2327.

I doubt very much the correctness of the above attribution, but there are so many anomalous coins in these last years that it cannot be rejected out of hand.

(q) Details lacking except that they are issues of Hishām II.

M. p. 77, Cordoba [2], Low, Sotheby [2].

B. Sljlaymān

(r) Dinar die. Double-struck.

Ornament?/ولى العهد

الامام سليمن

امير المؤمنين

المستعين بالله

محمد؟

HSA 15707 (fragmentary).

(s) Dinar die.

ولى العهد As (r) but word beneath tentatively read as حبيب.

Cuenca .

Codera was very hesitant about reading "Habīb," which à la rigueur, could be read on the HSA specimen. I imagine محمد is the correct reading, and that (r) and (s) are specimens of the same issue.

(t) ولى العهد/محمد

V. 714 [Gayangos, Codera (2)], C. [Gayangos + 1], Cuenca [2].

(u) المعز

C. [Gayangos + 1].

(v) Date?

ولى العهد/المعز

C. [Codera + 1].

The issues (u) and (v) must be considered doubtful. If correctly read, they are probably specimens of the Fas mint (cf. Títulos. p. 80).

There is a possible issue of Sulaymān's of al-Andalus, 402 A. H. (so attributed) in Conde, pl. II, 10 (p. 261), but the date is not legible in the engraving and there is an unintelligible word beneath the obverse. The reverse is incorrectly transcribed, but the drawing shows it to be similar to (t) above.

347. 402 A. H. = 1011/12 A. D.

"Elota"

Silver.

Hishām ii

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

M.: بالوطه سنة اثنين وار ....

V. 711 [Gayangos, Vives] = C. [Gayangos].

Htshām ii and Sulaymān

348. 403 A. H. = 1012/13 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

A, Hishām ii

(a) Dinar.

سعيد

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

ابن يوسف

M.: mint-date.

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

M.: Q. IX, 33.

V. 704 [Vives], (Prieto 13c, "very rare").

B. Sulaymān

(b) Dinar.

/حبيب

ولى العهد

الامام سليمن

امير المؤمنين

المستعين بالله

محمد

Prieto 20a ("unique"; location?).

Silver.

A. Hisiām ii

(c) ابن يوسف/سعيد Circular margin.

image/

ANS (3.32), B. 425, DR., Monetario, II, 10.

(d) As (c) but transcribed بن in place of ابن.

image

P. 325–6 (the latter erroneously (?) listed as copper).

(e) As (c) but ornaments not described.

V. 705 [7], C. [16], Cuenca, Longpérier p. 8, (Prieto 13d), R. 312 [2 var), one of which (c) above?].

(f) As (c).

الامام

هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد

بالله

(Ornament?)

Christ Church, p. 30).

(g) Digit effaced (40x), probably 403.

○/ابن عباس

image/

B. 426.

(h)

/ابن عباس

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

The specimen illustrated by Codera has the rectilinear first quarter margin.

V. 708 [Gayanos, Vives], C. pl. XI, p. 106 [Gayangos], C. [Caballero Ifante, Camerino + 2].

C. [1, location not specified].

(j) Details lacking except that they are issues of Hishām II. M. p. 77, Low, Sotheby".

(k)

B. Sulaymān

ولى العهد

الامام سليمن

امير المؤمنين

المستعين بالله

محمد

The HSA specimens have circular margins.

HSA 15672–3 (2.99; segment lacking), V. 715 [Gayangos, Codera (2)], C. [1], Cuenca.

(I) محمد

As (k).

C. [Codera + 1].

(m) حبيب As (k).

C. [Gayangos, Camerino (2), + 3], (Prieto, 20b, "very rare").

Codera read حسـى(?) beneath the obverse on the above issue, but I imagine this is to be equated with Prieto y Vives' حبيب

(n) ابن حكير As (k).

C. [Camerino + 1].

Tychsen (Introductio, p. 137) described a coin of Muhammad II of this mint and date, but this is surely a misattribution.

349. 403 A. H. = 1012/13 A. D.

Madīnat Fās

Silver.

Hishām ii

Date?

image image/image

Schulman, N. Y. (11/48).

350. 403 A. H. = 1012/13 A. D.

"Elota"

Silver.

Hisiām ii

V. 712 [Vives].

Marsden's CCCXLVT, attributed to Sulaymān, ca. 403, and mint شبلية (for Seville) is a misunderstood Hammūdid coin of Sabtah1.

MISCELLANEOUS COINS OF HISIĀM II

351. A. No Mint

(a) Gold.

(a) One-quarter dinar. No mint or date.

لا اله الا الله

محمد رسول الله

.....

الامام هشام

المؤيد بالله

عامر

"Complete formula" in two lines.

No margins.

This is a composite description, each specimen or description being incomplete in part.

GT. 5934, Østrup 2286.

(b) Fractional dinar. No mint or date.

(⸮) مفرج؟ /عامر

No margin. No margin.

ANS (0.54, debased gold; 10 mm.).

(c) Fractional dinar. No mint or date, or date efface.

Detailed description lacking except عامر.

Cerda 225–7.

(b) Silver.

(d) No mint. No date.

image/عامر

Floral ر of لا شريك.

Floral ر of عامر.

M.: Q. IX, 33.

M.: Q. IX, 33.

HSA 15164 (3.44), V. 522 [Codera (2), ornaments?].

(e) Fractional dirhem. No mint. No date.

محمد

الحاجب/عبد الله

No marginal legend. No marginal legend.

P. 327 (1.30, 8 mm.).

The above coin is possibly an issue of one of the Taifas .

(f) No mint. No date.

لا اله الا الله

وحده

لا شريك له

.....الامام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

مفويه؟

No marginal legend. No marginal legend.

Rada remarks: "no parece español."

R. 287.

352. B. Al-Andalus

(a) Gold.

(a) Dinar? Date lacking.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

محمد

الحاجب

الامام هشام

اميرالمؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عبد الله

LN. 18.

Possibly a post-Umayyad coin.

(b) Dinar? Date lacking.

/?

/?

LN. 19.

Both of the above may perhaps be fractions, but it is not so stated.

(c) One-quarter dinar. No date.

∴/

M.:.... بسم الله ضرب هذا الد

/image

M.: Q. IX, 33.

(2 letters?) .... بالاندلس Plate viii

ANS (0.99; 11 mm.).

(d) One-quarter dinar. No date.

/ابن ـحله؟

/عامر

M.: ... ضرب هذا الدينر بالا ...

M.: Q. IX, 33.

ANS (0,72; 13 mm.).

(e) "One-third" dinar. No date.

/.... image

M.: (sic) بالاندلس سنة.... بسم الله

(sic) image

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

image

B. 306.

Nützel compares the above to V. 811, a coin of the "independent princes."

(f) Fractional dinar.

Mint-date formula ends

with mint (?).

P. y V., Nuevo Hallazgo, 37.

(b) Silver.

(g) Date effaced and mint obscure.

image/عامر

HSA 15015.

(h) Date effaced and mint obscure.

/محمد

/عامر

HSA 15577.

A dirhem of al-Andalus (date lacking), with "al-?ājib Ismāimagel," attributed by Adler (Collectio, p. 161) to Hishām, is rather an issue of the 'Abbādids of Seville (cf. Codera, Errores, p. 8).

An interesting copper "trial-piece" of Hishām II, al-Andalus, date effaced, has recently been described and illustrated by F. Mateu y Llopis (Al-Andalus, XIV, 1949, pp. 203—4).

353. C. Sijilmāsah

Gold.

Dinar. Date lacking.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

M.: Q. IX, 33.

R. 298.

الامام هشام

المؤيد بالله

امير المؤمنين

عامر

M.: سجلماسة....

Brethes lists (nos. 587–97) eleven dinars of Sijilmāsah, or "type de Sidjilmassa," struck by Hishām, dates lacking, and with a variety of ornaments and legends including 'Āmir in various positions, one with "Ouazir", and another with "Ben el Ouazir," etc., but the descriptions are too confusing and unreliable to warrant their being separately listed here.

354. D. Madīnat Safāqus (Sfax).

Gold.

Dinar. Date lacking.

M.: mint-date.

M.: ?

Prieto states that the last س of the mint name is not clear but that Safāqus is the only possible reading.

P. y V., Badajoz, 64.

355. E. Madīnat Fās

Silver.

(a) Dates illegible or effaced.

/عامر

Various ornaments on obv. and rev.

HSA 15558, 15565, ANS, B. 397.

(b) Dates effaced or illegible.

/محمد

/عامر

Various ornaments on obv. and rev.

HSA 15571, 15578, 15581, 15960, B. 398.

(c) Date and mint lacking, but probably Fās.

عبد/....

image/Name?

HSA 15585 (small fragment).

(d) Date lacking and mint effaced, but probably Fās.

/⸮الحاجب

الحاجب/⸮عبد الملك

HSA 13928 (fragment).

(e) Dates illegible (or various?). Details lacking.

Lorichs 4831 [5],

356. F. Al-Mansurah

Silver.

Date effaced.

/عامر

V. 668 bis, p. 390 [Da. J. Alvarez].

357. G. Mint Effaced

(a) Gold.

(a) One-quarter dinar. Date effaced.

الامام هشام

(sic) المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

image

B. 307.

(b) Various fractional dinars with dates effaced, descriptions incomplete.

Lorichs 4698–9.

(b) Silver.

(c) Date effaced.

○/

?/?

HSA 157 14.

(d) Date effaced.

⸮ عبد/

/عبد الملك

V. 678 [Vives].

(e) One-half dirhem. Date effaced.

عبد

الامام

الملك

هشام

امير المؤمنين

V. 679 [Academia].

(f) "Pequeño dirham...... afectando el tipo fatimita, con el nombre Amer".

Cerda 228–9.

(g) Another small (?) dirhem with "Amer-al-Mançúr."

Cerda 230.

358. H. Imitation or Forgery

Silver (billon?).

Mint effaced. Date xx2 = 402 A. H. (?) = 1011/12 A. D. (?).

image/

/البكري

M.: بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم (sic) سنة اثنين ....

M.: Q. IX, 33 (?).

Very crude, atypical lettering.

HSA 14261 = (probably) V. 1420 [Codera].

Vives read the margin of this coin (if indeed it is the same coin, which in all probability it is): بالاندلس سنة اثنين

I. Foreign Imitations

359. Obv. of Henry II of Germany; rev. of Hishām II.

Cross within circle of dots; pellet in each angle of cross. Around: + HEINRICUS.

Ornament

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

عامر

M.: Traces of Qur'ān IX, 33.

Plate viii

Lewelel, pp. 112–4 ( Atlas , pl. XVII, 2); Fraehn, Berichtigungen, cols. 188–90; Lelewel, RN, 1860, p. 333; Karabacek, NZ, 1869, pp. 135–48 (pl. VI, 1–5); Dannenberg, Kowal , p. 321, no. 5; Dannenberg, pp. 460–1, no. 1185 (pl. LIII).

The first specimen of this remarkable hybrid, from the Trzebun (Trchébougne) hoard in Poland, was misidentified with respect to both obverse and reverse by Lelewel. Fraehn corrected Lelewel and argued that the coin had been restruck, by error on one side only. Lelewel's letter to Longpérier (RN, 1860) deals with the same specimen and this time properly identifies the rulers. Subsequently Karabacek published another specimen from a hoard of 1100 coins of late 10th to early 11th century date, found at Ciechanow (District of Przasnysz), also in Poland; and in the same notice he cites three more specimens, one in Dannenberg's possession since 1867, and two others from the Ciechanow hoard which were not acquired by the original owner of the find. Among other coins in this hoard were pure imitations of Hishām's dirhems of 392 A. H., and Karabacek shows that the bilingual was struck with an imitation die of this year. He was able to establish the upper and lower limits of the burial as 1002–1020 A. D., and he definitely attributed the issue to Henry II, 1002–1024 A. D. Three more specimens from the Kowal hoard (located between Warsaw and Bromberg) were later described by Dannenberg, who subsequently summed up the evidence in his Münzen der Sächsischen und Fränkischen Kaiserzeit.

The exact circumstances surrounding the manufacture of these curious hybrids cannot be determined. All we can say is that the coinage of Hishām II was known in Germany and was imitated there, possibly for trade with Spain. Earlier relations between Germany and Cordoba are well documented by the accounts of the embassy of Jean de Gorz, representing Otto I, who in 956 A. D. visited the court of 'Abd al-Rahman III1.

End Notes

1
Cf. Codera, Errores, p. 15.
1
See Lévi-Provençal, L'Espagne, pp. 48–50, and César E. Dubler, ''Sobre la Crónica Arábigo-Bizantina de 741 y la influencia Bizantina en la Península Ibérica"as, Al-Andalus, XI (1946), pp. 346–7, with full bibliography.

LAST ISSUES

Sulaymān and "Hishām ii'

360. 404 A. H. = 1013/14 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

Sulaymān

(a) Dinar.

لا اله الا الله

الله وحده

لا شريك له

حدير

ولى العهد

الامام سليمن

امير المؤمنين

المستعين بالله

محمد

Prieto 21a ("very rare"; location?).

Silver.

A. Sulaymān

The obverse margins of all specimens seen are circular.

(b) image/مدرك (variations)

محمد/ولى العهد

Plate viii

HSA 14142 (3.02) = Dos Santos 3076, HSA 15712 (3.81), P. 343.

In the Dos Santos catalogue the obverse of HSA 14142 was misread /محمد, and the coin was attributed to an "independent prince."

(c) image/مدرك

As (b).

HSA 14143 (2.38), BM ii, 132.

Lane-Poole read مدرد ("blunder for محمد ?").

(d) image/مدرك

As (b).

C. pi. XI, pp. 110–1 [Codera].

(e) image/مدرك

As (b).

B. 427.

The following specimens, (f)-(i), are arranged by Vives under the "independent princes."

(f) As (b) but ornaments not described.

V. 798 [Gayangos, Vives (4)], C. [7], Prieto 25a), R. 323 [2 var.].

(g) Date?

حبيب As (b).

V. 788 [Vives] = Prieto 20c.

(h) حدير As (b).

V. 790 [Vives], (Prieto 21b, "very rare"), Dos Santos 3077.

The compiler of the Dos Santos list confuses the above with BM ii, 132 (see (c) above), but his primary reference is to V. 790, with حدير.

(i) /ابن حدير As (b).

V. 789 [Vives (2)] = Prieto 22 ("unique").

(j) ابن شهيد As (b).

Prieto 24 ("unique"; location?).

(k) As (b).

V. 716 [Vives], C. [Gayangos, Caballero Infante, Codera, + 3], (Prieto 23, "very rare").

(l) "Copper" dirhem. Contemporary counterfeit? Date 400 or 404?

محمد

الامام سليمن

امير المؤمنين

المستعين بالله

Codera, Pujol.

(m) Details lacking except that they bear the name of Sulaymān. Some of these may belong to Prieto's category of "independent princes."

Campaner, Num. Bal., p. 255, M. p. 880, Soret à Fraehn, p. 210, Low.

B. "hishā ii"

(n) سعيد

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المؤيد بالله

ابن يوسف

V. 706 [Gayangos], C. [Gayangos + 1].

Sulaymān and "Hishām ii"

361. 405 A. H. = 1014/15 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

Sulaymān

(a) لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

مدرك

ولى العهد

الامام سليمن

امير المؤمنين

المستعين بالله

محمد

Prieto 25b ("unique"; location?).

Silver.

A. Sulaymān

(b) مدرك

Prieto 25c ("unique"; location?).

(c) Date?

V. 717 [Cánovas].

(d) Date? Dinar die.

image/image As(b).

M.: (sic) بسم الله ضرب هذا الدينر

و اربعمائة(⸮)بالاندلس سنة خمس

Wreath border enclosing area.

HSA 15675 (3.58).

B. "Hishām ii"

(e) Date? Listed under Hishām II. Details lacking. Gagarine 506.

362. 406 A. H. = 1015/16 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

Suiaymān

The first quarter of the obverse margin of both specimens is rectilinear.

(a) جهور

ولى العهد/محمد

Plate viii

ANS (3.31).

(b) As (a). ولى العهد/محمد

P. 344. ○

Lavoix read ابن شهيد (?) beneath the obverse of the above coin, but a study of the illustration in the plate persuades me that it is جهور as on the ANS specimen. Both obverse and reverse dies are quite similar in style to those of the ANS piece.

363. Coins OF Sulaymān with dates lacking

Al-Andalus

Silver.

ولى العهد/محمد

Margin as far as سنة; rest of coin lacking.

HSA 15674 (segment lacking).

364. Madīnat Fās(?)

Silver.

(a) Mint and date lacking.

○ ○/المعز

HSA 15713 (3.90), V. 802 [Coders, Vives], Cuenca (?).

The mint is lacking on both the HSA specimen and those cited by Vives, but the style of the HSA piece, at least, is characteristic of Fās.

(b) Mint and date lacking.

?/? ?/المعز

HSA 15716 (1/2 frg.).

(c) Mint and date lacking.

ولى العهد/المعز

V. 803 [Codera].

Abū- 'Abd Al-Raḥmān Muḥammad iii al-Mustakfi Bi'llāh

365. 414 A. H. = 1023/4 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Silver.

Muḥammad iii

(a) بكر or بدر

الامام محمد

امير المؤمنين

المستكفى بالله

V. 718 [Vives] = Prieto 26a.

Vives' reading بكر was changed by Prieto to بدر.

(b) Details lacking.

C. p. 112 [Caballero Infante]; cf. Codera, Títulos, p. 19.

366. 415 A. H. = 1024/5 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

Muḥammad iii

(a) Fractional dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

بدر

الامام محمد

امير المؤمنين

المستكفى بالله

بدر

P. y V., Nuevo Hallazgo, 2, (Prieto 26b, "very rare").

Silver.

Muḥammad iii

(b) Details lacking, except Muḥammad III.

Gagarine 597.

367. Coin of Muḥammad iii with date lacking

Al-Andalus

Gold.

Fractional dinar.

/⸮ هشام

الامام محمد

امير المؤمنين

المستكفى بالله

M.: هذا الدينر بالاندلس سنة ...

M.: (sic) محمد رسول الله ارسله بالهد

P. 349.

A dinar of Hishām iii, Al-Andalus, 418 A. H., described by Codera (pl. XI, p. 112; cf. Títulos, p. 20), is not acceptable as a regular issue of the Umayyads. Cf. Prieto 39a. There is a photograph of the coin in DR., Monetario, II, 13.

Abū-Bakr Hishām iii al-Mu 'tadd Bi'llāh

368. 422 A. H. = 1030/1 A. D.

Al-Andalus

Gold.

Hishām iii

Dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

ابن ذكوان

M.: mint-date.

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المعتد بالله

M.: Q. IX, 33.

Prieto 27a ("unique"; location?).

369. Coin of Hishām iii, no date

Al-Andalus

Gold.

Fractional dinar.

لا اله الا

الله وحده

لا شريك له

بن جهور or ابن ذكوان

M.: Q. IX, 33.

الامام هشام

امير المؤمنين

المعتد بالله

M.: بالاندلس سنة....بسم الله ضرب

P. 350 = Prieto 27 b.

I assume that the unique coin described by Prieto is the Paris specimen. Lavoix read بن جهور (?); Prieto, ابن ذكوان. While the coin is illustrated in the Paris catalogue, an independent reading on my own part from the photograph of the exceedingly obscure name beneath the obverse is out of the question. Unless Prieto had some reasonable basis for reading ابن ذكوان, I would incline toward Lavoix's original reading, بن جهور.


BACK

INDEX OF ISSUES AND TABLE OF WEIGHTS

GOLD

Al-Andalus

Date Denomination Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
98 dinar 8 1 4.27 4.27 1
102 dinar 8 3 4.34 4.30 2
102 ½ dinar 3 2 2.15 2.13 2
102 ⅓ dinar 6 4 1.46 1.44 2
103 dinar 3 1 4.29 4.29 3
104 dinar 2 2 4.26 4.25 4
106 dinar 1 6
317 dinar 4 1 4.13 4.13 187
317 ⅓ dinar 2 187
318 dinar 1 189
318 ⅓ dinar 2 189
319 dinar 1 1 3.90 3.90 191
319 ⅓ dinar 1 191
319 ¼ dinar 1 1 1.07 1.07 191
31x ¼ dinar 5 3 1.05 1.01 193
321 dinar 2 200
322 ⅓ dinar 1 1 1.40 1.40 202
330 dinar 1 217
331 dinar 11 5 4.10 3.88 219
332 dinar 2 220
332 ¼? dinar 2 220
333 dinar 2 221
333 ¼? dinar 4 221
334 dinar 5 222
335 dinar 2 1 3.98 3.98 224
336 ⅓ dinar 1 225
367 dinar 2 1 4.62 4.62 264
368 dinar 7 1 4.31 4.31 266
377 dinar 2 1 4.47 4.47 278
378 dinar 3 280
379 dinar 9 4 4.27 3.84 283
380 dinar 12 5 4.68 4.15 286
381 dinar 4 2 4.70 4.10 289
383 dinar 2 297
384 dinar 2 300
385 dinar 1 305
386 dinar 6 2 4.68 4.25 308
386 ⅓ dinar 1 1 1.15 1.15 308
387 dinar 6 2 3.80 3.68 310
387 ⅓ dinar 2 1 1.15 1.15 310
388 dinar 7 4 4.67 4.42 313
389 dinar 7 4 4.71 3.88 316
389 ¼ dinar 1 316
390 dinar 26 9 3.93 3.78 318
390 ½ dinar 1 1 2.01 2.01 318
390 ⅓ dinar 3 1 1.30 1.30 318
391 dinar 38 18 4.80 4.04 320
391 ⅓ dinar 1 1 1.01 1.01 320
392 dinar 14 8 4.56 3.99 322
392 ⅓ or ¼ dinar 1 322
393 dinar 8 5 4.53 4.09 324
394 dinar 6 3 4.62 3.93 326
394 ⅓ dinar 1 326
395 dinar 2 328
396 dinar 4 332
397 dinar 2 335
398 dinar 4 1 4.32 4.32 338
399 (Hishām) dinar 2 340
399 (Muḥammad) dinar 1 340
400 (Muḥammad) dinar 5 342
400 (Sulaymān) dinar 3 342
401 (Hishām) dinar 4 1 4.60 4.60 345
402 dinar 3 2 4.05 3.98 346
403 (Hishām) dinar 1 348
403 (Sulaymān) dinar 1 348

Hishām: dates lacking

Date Denomination Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
X dinar? 2 352
No data ¼ dinar 2 2 0.99 0.86 352
No date ⅓ dinar 1 1 1.15 1.15 352
No date fraction 1 352
404 (Sulaymān) dinar 1 360
405 (Sulaymān) dinar 1 361
415 (Muḥammad III) fraction 1 366
X (Muḥammad III) fraction 1 1 0.60 0.60 367
422 (Hishām iii) dinar 1 368
No date (Hishām iii) fraction 1 1 0.40(?) 0.40(?) 369

Madīnat Al-Andalus

Date Denomination Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
381 dinar 1 1 3.57 3.57 290

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Date Denomination Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
336 dinar 3 226
337 dinar 4 1 4.13 4.13 227
337 ⅓ dinar 1 227
340 dinar 4 230
342 dinar 3 232
343 dinar 2 1 3.91 3.91 234
344 dinar 1 235
348 dinar 3 1 3.91 3.91 239
357 dinar 22 8 4.14 3.98 250
357 ⅓ dinar (?) 5 2 1.26 1.18 250
358 dinar 22 4 4.47 3.83 251
358 ¼ dinar 7 3 1.00 0.88 251
359 dinar 18 5 4.20 3.79 252
360 dinar 24 8 4.40 4.05 253
361 dinar 23 9 4.29 3.95 254
362 dinar 3 1 4.21 4.21 255
363 dinar 19 4 4.28 3.97 256
363 ¼ dinar 11 5 1.28 1.13 256
364 dinar 3 257
381 dinar 1 1 3.43 3.43 291
400 dinar 7 343

Sijilmāsah

Date Denomination Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
378 dinar 1 281
381 dinar 1 292
383 dinar 2 1 3.80 3.80 298
384 dinar 1 301
395 (?) dinar 1 329
X (Hishām) dinar 12(?) 353

Madīnat Sijilmāsah

Date Denomination Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
384 dinar 1 302

Safāqus

Date Denomination Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
384 dinar 1 303

Madīnat Safāqus

Date Denomination Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
X (Hiahām) dinar 1 354

No Mint

Date Denomination Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
319 ⅓ dinar 1 192
319 ¼ dinar 1 1 1.05 1.05 192
320 ⅓ dinar 2 195
[319–20] ¼ dinar 2 2 1.01 1.00 197
321 dinar 2 201
321 ¼ dinar 5 2 1.01 0.99 201
322 ⅓ dinar 4 203
324 ¼ dinar 4 3 1.02 1.01 206
325 ¼ dinar 2 1 1.03 1.03 208
326 ¼ dinar 4 1 0.95 0.95 210
327 ¼ dinar 1 1 0.96 0.96 212
328 ¼ dinar 1 1 1.11 1.11 214
32x [322–329] ⅓ dinar 2 1 1.57 1.57 216
[322–330] ¼ dinar 16 9 1.20 1.06 218
[332–334] dinar 2 1 3.73 3.73 223
No date (Hishām) ¼ dinar 2 2 0.78 0.74 351
No date (Hishām) fraction 4 1 0.54 0.54 351

Mint Lacking

Date Denomination Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
X (Hishām) ¼ dinar 1 1 0.86 0.86 357
X (Hishām) fraction several 357
Total Gold: 563

SILVER

Al-Andalus

Date Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
104 3 1 2.96 2.96 4
105 2 5
106 3 1 2.88 2.88 6
107 1 7
108 2 1 2.58 2.58 8
110 2 1 2.77 2.77 9
111 2 1 2.92 2.92 10
113 2 2 2.81 2.73 11
114 7 1 2.75 2.75 12
115 2 1 2.65 2.65 13
116 6 1 2.94 2.94 14
117 4 15
118 9 2 2.93 2.91 16
121 2 1 2.93 2.93 17
122 1 18
124 2 19
125 1 20
126 1 21
129 2 22
130 1 23
131 1 24
146 1 37
147 1 38
148 5 39
149 3 40
150 34 5 2.72 2.68 41
151 24 3 2.70 2.60 42
152 11 1 2.43 2.43 43
153 48 13 2.76 2.59 44
154 41 15 2.79 2.67 45
155 26 8 2.77 2.71 46
156 27 4 2.72 2.62 47
157 21 5 2.69 2.59 48
158 8 1 2.60 2.60 49
159 18 2 2.81 2.74 50
160 26 5 2.76 2.65 51
161 57 13 2.78 2.70 52
162 48 10 2.75 2.61 53
163 41 4 2.75 2.71 54
164 38 6 2.68 2.61 55
165 53 10 2.74 2.59 56
166 58 14 2.76 2.62 57
167 35 5 2.68 2.51 58
168 33 8 2.70 2.63 59
169 22 4 2.72 2.60 60
170 31 8 2.68 2.59 61
171 24 5 2.49 2.31 62
172 20 2 2.70 2.54 63
173 43 6 2.75 2.51 64
174 22 2 2.61 2.47 65
175 18 2 2.36 2.28 66
176 14 2 2.71 2.60 67
177 27 6 2.70 2.60 68
178 25 5 2.69 2.53 69
179 20 3 2.80 2.75 70
180 9 2 2.69 2.66 71
181 11 72
182 13 3 2.74 2.50 73
183 11 1 2.64 2.64 74
184 23 2 2.76 2.74 75
185 43 9 2.77 2.66 76
186 22 3 2.74 2.72 77
187 21 3 2.72 2.64 78
188 24 5 2.98 2.65 79
189 24 5 2.80 2.64 80
190 43 8 2.73 2.63 81
191 44 6 2.74 2.64 82
192 34 10 2.78 2.61 83
193 40 9 2.74 2.60 84
194 44 5 2.66 2.55 85
195 76 11 2.76 2.59 86
196 102 19 2.76 2.66 87
197 123 22 2.80 2.65 88
198 83 14 2.75 2.65 89
199 83 19 2.76 2.53 90
200 62 13 2.75 2.48 91
201 72 20 2.75 2.48 92
202 38 7 2.70 2.53 93
203 45 12 3.25 2.51 94
204 39 7 2.71 2.52 95
205 32 10 2.69 2.42 96
206 55 14 2.71 2.52 97
207 11 2 2.56 2.42 98
208 15 4 2.59 2.44 99
209 16 2 2.61 2.60 100
210 30 5 2.70 2.60 101
211 23 3 2.61 2.53 102
212 13 3 2.52 2.40 103
213 29 2 2.64 2.57 104
214 23 4 2.37 2.36 105
215 19 4 2.64 2.54 106
216 28 6 2.70 2.54 107
217 54 5 2.69 2.47 108
218 43 6 2.67 2.46 109
219 56 12 2.68 2.37 110
220 72 21 2.67 2.38 111
221 61 12 2.68 2.51 112
ca. 221 1 113
222 70 16 2.88 2.44 114
223 67 12 2.72 2.49 115
224 58 12 2.63 2.52 116
225 56 12 2.68 2.52 117
226 55 13 2.68 2.43 118
227 43 10 2.65 2.40 119
228 53 14 2.66 2.40 120
229 85 22 2.70 2.48 121
230 99 22 2.68 2.41 122
231 55 14 2.65 2.37 123
232 53 12 2.64 2.41 124
233 48 13 2.65 2.36 125
234 62 22 2.65 2.22 126
235 83 14 2.65 2.41 127
236 48 15 2.60 2.17 128
237 102 17 2.68 2.28 129
238 91 18 2.65 2.23 130
239 85 16 2.71 2.28 131
240 84 19 2.70 2.43 132
241 68 14 2.70 2.53 133
242 56 11 2.59 2.30 134
243 31 8 2.67 2.42 135
244 37 8 2.65 2.46 136
245 32 6 2.65 2.45 137
246 19 3 2.62 2.41 138
247 31 7 2.60 2.54 139
248 33 4 2.65 2.44 140
249 22 6 2.65 2.44 141
250 87 19 2.67 2.50 142
251 32 7 2.68 2.57 143
252 40 10 2.65 2.37 144
253 47 5 2.59 2.53 145
254 35 4 2.62 2.49 146
255 35 5 3.30 2.75 147
256 34 6 2.69 2.47 148
257 44 8 2.68 2.45 149
258 32 5 2.86 2.66 150
259 24 2 2.59 2.29 151
25x 2 2 2.54 2.41 152
260 75 12 2.69 2.54 153
261 56 11 2.69 2.60 154
262 25 4 2.66 2.54 155
263 39 2 2.65 2.65 156
264 29 4 2.66 2.65 157
265 21 4 2.63 2.56 158
266 39 5 2.66 2.39 159
267 42 6 2.68 2.63 160
268 30 5 2.65 2.60 161
269 29 3 2.64 2.59 162
270 35 4 2.69 2.67 163
271 13 2 2.65 2.63 164
272 20 3 2.65 2.59 165
273 4 166
274 2 167
275 11 168
276 8 169
278 8 170
279 4 171
281 2 1 2.69 2.69 172
282 2 173
283 1 1 1.75 1.75 174
284 1 175
285 2 1 2.35 2.35 176
293 2 1 1.78 1.78 177
316 6 185
317 15 2 2.70 2.67 187
318 8 1 2.44 2.44 189
319 9 1 2.93 2.93 191
320 36 3 2.81 2.71 194
321 37 12 2.65 2.51 200
322 32 6 3.19 2.79 202
323 36 11 3.18 2.56 204
324 43 3.34 3.00 205
325 16 3 3.58 3.08 207
326 15 3 2.71 2.62 209
327 9 - - - 211
328 16 4 3.95 3.38 213
329 10 3 3.35 2.84 215
330 58 14 3.20 2.56 217
331 106 33 4.00 2.90 219
332 83 14 3.57 2.81 220
333 68 17 3.88 3.09 221
334 77 14 3.92 2.93 222
335 73 18 4.11 3.08 224
336 59 16 3.61 3.07 225
343 6 1 3.26 3.26 233
365 65 12 3.33 2.83 258
366 (al-Ḥakam) 1 - - - 260
366 (Hishām II) 134 25 3.86 3.01 263
367 88 21 3.46 2.83 264
368 52 6 3.53 3.14 266
369 19 3 3.43 3.25 267
370 55 7 3.74 3.12 268
371 11 2 3.13 2.88 270
372 2 - - - 272
373 2 - - - 274
374 2 1 2.63 2.63 275
375 3 - - - 276
376 3 - - - 277
377 10 4 3.59 3.09 278
378 87 17 4.38 3.16 280
379 232 25 4.13 3.08 283
37x 2 2 3.95 3.65 285
380 255 47 3.62 2.84 286
381 197 34 4.19 3.04 289
382 242 39 4.43 3.17 295
383 231 45 4.06 3.16 297
384 147 33 3.92 3.08 300
385 95 23 3.92 3.08 305
386 130 27 3.93 3.11 308
387 176 42 4.10 3.21 310
388 268 58 3.85 3.03 313
389 297 70 5.34 3.13 316
390 213 27 3.68 3.06 318
391 323 72 3.84 2.80 320
392 298 78 3.90 2.96 322
393 182 34 4.07 3.17 324
394 212 48 4.00 3.21 326
395 173 37 4.40 3.35 328
396 128 28 3.96 3.12 332
397 138 33 3.82 3.07 335
398 (Hishām II) 61 7 3.49 3.17 338
398 (Muḥammad II) 4 - - - 338
399 (Hishām II) 30 13 3.78 2.97 340
399 (Muḥammad II) 183 38 4.08 2.98 340
400 (Muḥammad II) 238 34 5.18 3.45 342
400 (Sulaymān) 229 41 4.99 3.26 342
400 (Hishām II) 20 - - - 342
401 (Hishām II) 242 31 4.29 3.25 345
401 (Sulaymān) 8 2 4.60 3.37 345
402 (Hishām II) 128 11 4.23 3.15 346
402 (Sulaymān) 12 - - - 346
403 (Hishām II) 43 4 4.04 3.39 348
403 (Sulaymān) 16 1 2.99 2.99 348
X (Hishām II) 2 - - - 352
404 (Sulaymān) 38 6 3.81 3.07 360
404 (Hishām II) 2 - - - 360
405 (Sulaymān) 3 1 3.58 3.58 361
405 (Hishām II) 1 - - - 361
406 (Sulaymān) 2 2 3.85 3.58 362
X (Sulaymān ) 1 - - - 363
414 (Muḥammad III) 2 - - - 365
415 (Muḥammad III) 1 - - - 366

Sikkat Al-Andalus

Date Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
316 1 1 2.78 2.78 186
317 2 - - - 188
318 10 - - - 190

Madīnat al-Zahrā'

Date Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
336 26 1 2.81 2.81 226
337 171 34 3.67 3.00 227
338 177 39 3.67 2.77 228
339 106 23 4.00 2.92 229
340 142 31 3.57 2.90 230
341 118 30 3.75 2.91 231
342 127 29 3.84 2.89 232
343 82 20 3.57 3.02 234
344 78 22 4.41 3.17 235
345 63 16 3.55 2.87 236
346 175 43 3.42 2.71 237
347 116 28 3.50 2.54 238
348 80 20 3.04 2.52 239
349 79 17 3.02 2.47 240
350 ('Abd al-Raḥmān III) 54 10 2.89 2.27 241
350 (Al-Ḥakam II) 71 15 3.46 3.05 242
351 213 49 4.23 2.84 243
352 192 46 3.35 2.48 244
353 243 59 3.49 2.56 245
354 224 51 3.51 2.50 246
355 183 42 3.49 2.68 247
356 225 48 3.16 2.46 248
35x [351–6] 1 - - - 249
357 184 38 3.51 2.66 250
358 94 24 3.39 2.60 251
359 81 19 3.47 2.84 252
360 174 39 3.99 2.82 253
361 108 26 3.79 2.95 254
362 51 14 3.89 2.99 255
363 73 15 3.53 2.78 256
364 62 11 3.89 3.19 257
365 9 1 2.26 2.26 259
366 (Al-Ḥakam II) 1 1 3.45 3.45 260A
388 1 1 2.78 2.78 314
400 (Sulaymān) 143 35 4.58 3.45 343
400 (Hishām II) 1 - - - 343

Madīnat Ṭarīfah

Date Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
380 1 1 2.46 2.46 287

Madīnat Fās

Date Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
367 1 - - - 265
370 3 - - - 269
371 1 - - - 271
377 9 2 3.20 2.80 279
378 5 1 2.71 2.71 282
379 7 3 3.15 2.75 284
380 3 - - - 288
381 10 - - - 293
382 9 7 3.43 2.81 296
383 10 2 2.89 2.88 299
384 24 5 3.69 3.11 304
385 8 2 2.92 2.85 306
386 23 5 4.27 3.43 309
387 16 7 3.65 3.40 311
388 29 8 3.88 3.12 315
389 50 15 4.50 3.35 317
390 22 3 2.93 2.63 319
391 12 3 3.77 3.45 321
392 26 4 3.83 3.36 323
393 15 1 3.44 3.44 325
394 28 3 3.58 3.33 327
395 34 5 3.79 3.12 330
396 14 - - - 333
397 16 1 3.27 3.27 336
398 (Hishām II) 41 3 3.85 3.47 339
399 (Hishām II) 2 - - - 341
399 (Muḥammad II) 1 - - - 341
400 (Hishām II) 1 1 2.93 2.93 344
403 (Hishām II) 1 - - - 349
X (Hishām II) 16 - - - 355
X (Sulaymān) 6 1 3.90 - 364

Madīnat Qurṭubah

Date Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
381 1 1 3.28 3.28 294

Al-Manṣūrah

Date Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
395 1 1 1.79 1.79 331
X (Hishām II) 1 1 - - 356

Al-Nākūr

Date Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
372 1 273
387 4 - - - 312
396 4 - - - 334
397 8 2 2.30 2.07 337

"Elota"

Date Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
402 (Hishām II) 2 - - - 347
403 (Hishām II) 1 - - - 350

No Mint

Date Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
385 1 - - - 307
No date (Hishām II) 5 2 3.44 - 351

Mint Lacking

Date Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
ca. 316–320 2 1 3.08 3.08 196
X (Hishām II) 6 - - - 357
xx2 (Hishām II) 1 - - - 358

German Hybrid

Date Number of Specimens Number weighed Maximum weight Average weight Catalogue number
8(?) - - - 359
Total silver: 16,210

COPPER AND BILLON

The only billon coins listed here are distinctive ones which appear not to be specimens in inferior metal of regular silver issues. The latter are included with the silver.

Al-Andalus

Date Number of Specmiens Catalogue number
108 55 8
110 36 9
Early undated 137 28–34
Early, date effaced 7 35–36
268 37 161
282 1 173
[Late 3rd-early 4th c.] 7 (?) 181
303 4 183
306 3 184
3xx [300–320] 3 198

Madinat al-Zahrā'

Date Number of Specmiens Catalogue number
340 2 230
341 1 231
353 1 245
364 1 257
"333" Al Ḥakam II 1 261
"340" Al-Ḥakm II 2 262

No mint

Date Number of Specmiens Catalogue number
Early undated 10 25–27
Undated [late 3rd-early 4th c.] 235 178–182

Mint Lacking

Date Number of Specmiens Catalogue number
3xx [300–320] 10 199

ARABIC INDEX OF NAMES AND TITLES

  • 62, 542 ابن حدير
  • 62, 163 حسن
  • 62, 225 حسين
  • 62, 229 حسين بن عاصم
  • 62, 217 حكم
  • 31, 62, 299–353 الامام الحكم امير المؤمنين المستنصر بالله
  • 63, 531 ابن حكير
  • 63, 160 خلد
  • 63, 217, 228, 230 خلف
  • 63, 548–9 ابن ذكوان
  • 64, 233 image
  • 64, 421 زتري
  • 64, 219 سا
  • 64, 212 سعدة
  • 65, 251–61, 264 سعيد
  • 354 الحاجب سعيد
  • 65, 525–6, 529–30, 543 بن يوسف[ا]سعيد
  • 65, 513 سليمن
  • 31, 65, 489, 505, 510–8, 524, 527–9, 531, 541–6 الامام سليمن امير المؤمنين المستعين بالله
  • 66, 231 شعيب
  • 66, 320–1, 377, 354, 385, 486–9, 491–2, 523 شهيد
  • 55, 231 ابرهيم
  • 55 ابن
  • 55 ابو
  • 55, 281, 285, 288, 290, 294–8, 353, 440 احمد
  • 56, 214 ادم
  • 56 الامام
  • 56 امير المؤمنين
  • 56, 546–7 بدر
  • 57, 496, 498 برد
  • 57, 170–3 بسيل
  • 56, 546 بكر
  • 57, 519–20, 526, 539 البكري
  • 58, 231, 234, 246 بن بهلول[ا]
  • 58, 365, 420, 444, 451–63, 468 تمليح
  • 59, 439 جعفر
  • 59, 323–4, 327–30 الحاجب جعفر
  • 60, 493, 496, 499–503, 545 جهور
  • 60, 548–9 ابن جهور
  • 60, 162–5, 174, 183 حـ ح
  • 60, 441, 464, 475, 479–80, 485, 489–90, 537 الحاجب
  • 61, 527, 529, 531, 542 حبيب
  • 62, 541–2 حدير
  • 73, 422, 463–86, 489, 491, 493–4, 498, 518, 538–9 عبد الملك
  • 74, 462–73, 475–8, 480–4, 486–9, 491–4, 498, 503, 537 الحاجب عبد الملك
  • 440 الحاجب عبيد
  • 74, 212 العدة
  • 74, 167, 170, 208 على
  • 74, 160 image
  • 75, 218, 228 عمر
  • 75, 490 الحاجب عمر
  • 75, 230–1 غلب
  • 75, 270 image
  • 75, 211–6 بن فهد
  • 75, 259–63, 265 قاسم
  • 230 بن قسى
  • 160, 180–1, 183, 191, 218–9, 228, 232 لله
  • 76, 161, 170, 244, 249–51, 260, 262–6, 268, 270, 273–98, 337, 364, 385, 399, 403, 409, 412, 414, 416–9, 421–9, 432–51, 453–4, 463, 503–4, 507–9, 518, 523–4, 527, 531, 534, 536–7, 541, 543 محمد
  • 31, 77, 493, 496, 499–510 الامام محمد امير المؤمنين المهدي بالله
  • 31, 77, 546–7 الامام محمد امير المؤمنين المستكفى بالله
  • 77, 513–8, 524, 528–9, 531, 541–5 ولى العهد محمد
  • 78, 231 محمد بن شعيب
  • 78, 152–3, 158–9, 165,178 –9,192 (image) محـي
  • 78, 541–2, 544 مدرك
  • 78, 219 مرسه
  • 66, 440, 514–8, 524, 543 ابن شهيد
  • 67, 380–1, 399 ابو شهيد
  • 189 ص
  • 67, 160, 162–3, 182–3, 226 ء ع
  • 67, 307, 321–36, 338, 340–2, 345–6, 348–50, 352, 355–469, 475, 479, 481, 485, 489–90, 495, 497–8, 502, 526, 533, 535–9 عامر
  • 69, 380–1, 440, 474, 491 الحاجب عامر
  • 70, 527, 530 ابن عباس
  • 70, 485, 538 عبد
  • 70, 490, 537 ....عبد
  • 70, 230, 259, 269–72, 279, 350, 431, 441, 519, 52l-5, 5, 527 عبد الله
  • 70, 534 الحاجب عبد الله
  • 71, 212, 231 عبد البر
  • 71, 228, 235, 247, 301–20, 329, 353–4, 495 عبد الرحمن
  • 28, 30, 72, امير المؤمنين عبد الرحمن[ا]
  • 235–7, 239, 241–2, 251–2, 254–9, 26l
  • 72, 242, 244–5, 247–8 عبد الرحمن امير المؤمنين
  • 28, 72, 240 الامام الناصر لدين الله امير المؤمنين عبد الرحمن
  • 28, 30, 72, 235, 237–41, 243–5, 249–98 الامام الناصر لدين الله عبد الرحمن امير المؤمنين
  • 73, 230 عبد الرحمن بن مطرف
  • 73, 496, 498 الحاجب عبد العزيز
  • 82, 266–9, 547 هشام
  • 31, 83, 355–498, 503, 515, 518–39, 543 الامام هشام امير المؤمنين المؤيد بالله
  • 83, 359, 362, 366, 370, 374, 380, 536 الامام هشام المؤيد بالله امير المؤمنين
  • 83, 539 الامام هشام امير المؤمنين
  • 83, 533 الامام هشام المؤيد بالله
  • 83, 450 الامام امير المؤمنين المؤيد بالله
  • 83, 538 الامام هشام المؤمنين المؤيد بالله
  • 31, 83, 548 الامام هشام امير المؤمنين المعتد بالله
  • 84, 479 وازير
  • 84, 413, 421, 431 واضح
  • 219 ور
  • 228 وله
  • 85, 524, 527 ولى العهد
  • 85, 162, 164, 166–8, 227, 244, 299–300, 307, 345–7, 349, 352 يحـي
  • 510 الحاجب يحـي
  • 86, 244, 248–9 بن يونس[ا]يحـي
  • 248 ....يحـي
  • 86, 224–5 (ابو كرد) image
  • 535 .... image
  • 535 image
  • 228 image
  • 214 image
  • 78 المستعين بالله
  • 78 المستكفى بالله
  • 78 المستنصر بالله
  • 79, 230 مسعود
  • 79, 230 مسعود ابن على
  • 79, 504–7, 510–3, 515 ابن مسلمة
  • 79, 190–4 معاذ
  • 80 المعتد بالله
  • 422 الحاجب المعد
  • 80, 441 معز
  • 80, 290, 396, 469, 475, 489, 494–5, 503, 518, 527–8, 546 المعز
  • 81, 489 الحاجب معز
  • 81, 494 الحاجب المعز
  • 81, 528, 546 ولى العهد المعز
  • 81, 432 معز بن عبد الله
  • 81, 403–4, 406–12, 533 مفرج
  • 81, 534 مفويه
  • 82 المهدي بالله
  • 82, 223 موسى
  • 82 المؤيد بالله
  • 82, 217 image
  • 82, 217 image
  • 82 الناصر لدين الله
  • 82, 218–9, 338 نصر

HISTORICAL INDEX

A.

  • 'Abbādids, 51
  • 'Abbāsicbs, 29–30, 32–3, 36, 55, 73, 85, 88–9
  • 'Abd....., 70
  • 'Abd al-'Azīz, 61
  • abū-Zayd 'Abd al-'Azīz, 57
  • al-ḥājib 'Abd al-'Azīz, 73
  • 'Abd al-'Azīz b. 'Abd al-Raḥmān "Sanchuelo", 73
  • 'Abd al-Barr, 71
  • 'Abd al-Ḥumayd b. Basīl, 57
  • 'Abd al-Jabbār, 19
  • 'Abd al-Malik, 73
  • 'Abd al-Malik (Caliph), 23
  • al-ḥājib 'Abd al-Malik, 52, 61, 73–4
  • 'Abd al-Malik al-Muẓaffar, 25, 60, 64, 69, 71, 74, 80–1, 85
  • 'Abd al-Malik b. 'Isā, 73
  • 'Abd al-Raḥmān, 68, 71
  • 'Abd al-Raḥmān I, 17, 19, 22, 40, 66, 90–3, 126, 131–9
  • 'Abd al-Raḥmān II, 17, 19, 23, 34, 39–40, 66, 85, 90, 92, 96, 158–87, 227
  • 'Abd al-Raḥmān III, 17, 19, 22–5, 27–30, 40–1, 43–4, 46, 52, 54, 56–7, 61–2, 70–3, 76, 82, 86, 89–95, 108, 234–98, 540
  • 'Abd al-Raḥmān IV, 18–9
  • 'Abd al-Raḥmān V, 18–9, 66
  • 'Abd al-Raḥmān b. 'Abd al-Karīm, 71
  • 'Abd al-Raḥmān b. Khayr, 71
  • 'Abd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad, 71
  • 'Abd al-Raḥmān b. Muṭarrif, 73
  • 'Abd al-Raḥmān "Sanchuelo", 71
  • 'Abd al-Raḥmān b. 'Ubaydullāh b. 'Abd al-Raḥmān III, 19, 71
  • 'Abdullāh, 70
  • al-ḥājib 'Abdullāh, 61, 70
  • 'Abdullāh (Amīr), 17, 19, 23–4, 30, 55, 57, 62–3, 91, 224–6, 229, 246
  • 'Abdullāh b. 'Abd al-Raḥmān III, 19
  • 'Abdullāh b. Maslamah, 79
  • 'Abdullāh b. Muḥammad, 70, 83
  • 'Abdullāh b. Muḥammad b. Maslamah, 79
  • 'Abdullāh b. Yaḥyā b. abī.'Āmir, 70, 81
  • Adharbayjān, 33
  • Adna, 42
  • Africa, 21, 25, 33, 46, 48, 52, 73, 76, 81, 84–5, 88, 93
  • Afṭasids, 79
  • Aghlabids, 75, 88
  • Aḥmad, 55–6, 66
  • Aḥmad b. 'Abbās, 70
  • Aḥmad b. 'Abd al-Malik b. Shuhayd, 56, 66
  • abū'l-'Abbās Aḥmad b. 'Abdullāh b. Harthamah b. Dhakwān, 63
  • Aḥmad b. Bahlūl, 58, 86
  • Aḥmad b. Burd, 57
  • Aḥmad b. Dhakwān, 63
  • Aḥmad b. Ḥabīb b. Bahlūl, 58
  • Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Mūsā b. Judayr, 86
  • Aḥmad b. Mūsā b. Ḥudayr, 41
  • Aḥmad b. Naṣr b. Khalīd, 56
  • Ajdir (Axdir), 52
  • Algeciras, 48
  • Alhama, 4, 94–5
  • Alhucemas, 52
  • 'Ali, 74, 76
  • 'Ali b. Ḥammūd, 18, 285
  • Alicante, 124
  • al-"Alīyah, 49
  • Almanzor (see al-Manṣūr)
  • Alpuente, 18
  • 'Āmir, 25, 61, 64, 66–9, 76, 86
  • al-ḥājib 'Āmir, 47, 67, 69–70, 75
  • abū-'Āmir b. Shuhayd, 66
  • amīr al-mu'minīn, 56, 72
  • 'Āmirid, 48, 53, 60, 69, 80
  • Anda, 42
  • Al-Andalus, 21–2, 25, 33–45, 47, 49–51, 54, 66–7, 69, 80, 89–90, 98, 100–1, 113ff. passim
  • Andalusia, 33, 41
  • Antiquera, 54, 114
  • 'Aqabat al-Baqar, 45
  • Ardabīl, 33
  • Amīnīyah (Armenia), 33
  • Axdir, 52

B.

  • Bāb al-'Aṭṭārīn, 96
  • Badajoz, 35, 79
  • Badr, 56
  • Baetica, 121
  • Baghdād, 73
  • Bakr, 56, 82
  • al-Bakri, 57
  • Balearic Islands, 53
  • Banū'l-Afṭas, 79
  • Banū Jahwar, 51
  • Banū Maslamah, 79
  • Banū Shuhayd, 66
  • Barbary, 33
  • Basīl, 57
  • Basile, 57
  • Beja, 94
  • Berbers, 18, 49
  • Buluggīn b. Zīri, 49
  • Burd, 57

C.

  • Cairo, 33
  • Carmo, 121
  • Ceuta, 35, 49
  • "abu-Corad", 86
  • Cordoba, 18, 24, 33–5, 37–9, 41, 43–6, 50–1, 54, 56, 58–60, 63, 69, 76–7, 80, 86, 93–4, 96, 540
  • Cuenca, 5, 37

D.

  • Dabīl, 33
  • Damascus, 22, 29, 35, 40, 73, 88, 100, 102
  • dār al-sikkah , 39–41, 96
  • Darro, the, 94
  • Denia, 53
  • Dhū'l-Nūnids, 51
  • Dhū'l-Wizāratayn , 56, 66

E.

F.

  • Fās (Fez), 25, 31, 34, 38, 46, 49–50, 60, 64, 69–71, 73, 80–1, 83–5, 90, 105, 359 ff. passim
  • al-falā al-kabīr, 84
  • Fāṭimids, 46, 48–9, 51, 73, 76, 88–9, 93
  • Frontera Superior, 37
  • Fusṭāṭ, 33

G.

H.

  • Ḥabīb, 61
  • Ḥafṣ b. Muḥammad b. Basīl, 57
  • al-ḥājib , 55, 60–1, 67, 69, 71, 74, 80
  • al-Ḥakam, 62
  • al-Ḥakam I, 17, 19, 23, 90, 92, 143–57
  • al-Ḥakam II, 17, 19, 25, 31, 37, 44, 58–9, 62–3, 68, 90–2, 108–9, 285, 299–354
  • al-Ḥakam b. Sulaymān b. 'Abd al-Raḥmān III, 19
  • Ḥammūdids, 18, 26, 65, 285
  • Ḥārith b. abi'l-Shibl, 39
  • Ḥasan, 62
  • al-Ḥasan b. Gannūm, 86
  • abū-Ḥātim b. Dhakwān, 63
  • Henry II, 539–40
  • Hishām, 82–3
  • Hishām I, 17, 19, 23, 90, 92, 140–2
  • Hishām II, 17–9, 25–6, 31, 37, 46–7, 50–1, 54, 57, 59–60, 64–5, 67, 69, 70–1, 73–4, 77–9, 81–4, 90–2, 101, 104, 108–9, 355–498, 503, 515, 518–640, 543, 545
  • Hishām III, 18–9, 26, 31, 60, 63, 80, 83–4, 548
  • Hishām b. 'Abd al-Jabbār, 19, 81
  • Hishām b. 'Abd al-Malik, 19, 21
  • Homachuelos, 94
  • Ḥadayr, 62–3
  • Huelva, 57
  • Huete, 53
  • al-Ḥurr b. 'Abd al-Raḥmān al-Thakafi, 34
  • Ḥusayn, 62
  • Ḥusayn b. 'Abd al-Malik b. 'Āṣim, 62
  • Ḥusayn. b. 'Āṣmi, 62

I.

  • Ibn 'Abbās, 70
  • Ibn Bahlūl, 58
  • Ibn Dhakwān, 63–4
  • Ibn Fahd, 75
  • Ibn Ḥafṣūn (see 'Umar b. Ḥafṣūn)
  • Ibn Ḥudayr, 62–3
  • Ibn Ḥukayr, 63
  • Ibn Jahwar, 60, 64
  • Ibn Maslamah, 77 79
  • Ibn Shuhayd, 66
  • Ibrāhīm, 55
  • Ibrāhīm b. 'Abdullāh b. Ḥajjāj, 55
  • Idrīsids, 49
  • Ifrīqiyah, 22, 33
  • Ilipa, 121
  • Iltuci 5, 121
  • al-Imām, 56, 72
  • Irān, 21, 29
  • 'Irāq, 21, 22, 29
  • 'Isā b. Sa'id, 73, 81
  • Ismā'il b. al-Būri, 70
  • Iṣṭakhr, 100

J.

  • Ja'far, 59, 61, 69
  • al-hājib Ja'far, 59
  • abū'l-Hasan Ja'far b. 'Uthmān al-Muṣḥafi, 59, 60, 69
  • Jahwar, 60, 64, 104
  • Jahwar b. Muḥammad b. Jahwarr, 60
  • Japhet, 42
  • Jazīrah Ṭarīf, 48
  • Jean de Gorz, 540
  • "Jemlich" 59

K.

  • Khalaf, 63
  • Khālid, 63
  • Khazrūn b. Falfūl b. Khazar, 46, 84

L.

  • Lastigi, 121
  • Leon, 52
  • Lerida, the, 94
  • Lisbon, 94
  • Luna, 52

M.

  • Madīnat al-Andalus, 43, 45, 48, 66, 385
  • Madīnat Fās, 49–50, 359 ff. passim
  • Madīnat Qarṭubah, 43, 45, 48, 50, 386
  • Madīnat Safāqus, 47, 537
  • Madīnat Sijilmāsah, 46–7, 399
  • Madīnat Ṭarīfah, 47–8, 381
  • al-Madīnat al-Zāhirah, 44–5, 73, 79, 81
  • Madīnat al-Zahrā', 25, 34–8, 43–6, 48–9, 52, 66–7, 70, 76, 85, 90, 93, 100, 273ff. passim
  • Maghrāwa (Maghrāwi,, 46, 50, 64, 80–1
  • al-Maghrib, 33, 49, 64, 80, 85
  • Maghrib al-Aqṣa, 46
  • al-Mahdi ('Abbāsid Caliph), 85
  • al-Mahdi bi'llāh, 77, 82
  • malik, 61
  • Mallorca, 53
  • al-Manṣūr (Fāṭimid Caliph), 51
  • al-Manṣūr Muḥammad b. abī-'Āmir 25, 44, 46, 48–9, 60–1, 64, 66–70, 74, 76–7, 84, 86, 96
  • al-Manṣūrah, 51, 52, 69, 481, 538
  • al-Manṣūrīyah, 51
  • Marinids, 47, 51
  • Mas'ūd, 79
  • Mas'ūd b. 'Ali, 79
  • Mérida, 66
  • Mezemma, 52
  • Midrārids, 46, 271
  • Miṣr, 33
  • Morocco, 46, 49–50, 52
  • Mu'ādh, 79
  • Mu'āwiyah, 19
  • al-Mu'ayyad bi'llāh, 82–3
  • Mudrik, 78
  • Mufarrij, 81, 104
  • Mufarrij al-'Āmiri, 81
  • Muḥammad, 76–7
  • (wali al-'ahd) Muḥammad, 87–8
  • Muḥammad I, 17, 19, 63, 71, 75, 90, 92–3, 188–222, 227–8
  • Muḥammad II, 17, 19, 26, 31, 45, 60, 77, 79, 82, 101, 104, 109, 493,496, 498–510
  • Muḥammad III, 18–9, 26, 31, 56, 77, 82, 546–7
  • Muḥammad b. 'Abdullāh, 19
  • Muḥammad b. 'Abdullāh b. 'Abd al-Rahmān III, 19
  • abū-'Āmir Muḥammad b. 'Abdullāh b. Muḥammad b. Maslamah, 77
  • Muḥammad b. Aflah, 68
  • abū-Zayd Muḥammad b. Ayyūb, 57
  • Muḥammad b. al-Fatḥ, 46, 271
  • Muḥammad b. Shu'ayb, 66, 78
  • Muḥammad b. Shuhayd, 66
  • Muḥammad d. Sulaymān, 77–8
  • Muḥammad b. Tamlīḥ, 58–9, 77
  • al-Mu'izz, 51, 80–1
  • al-ḥājib (al-) Mu'izz, 80–1
  • (wali al-'ahd) al-Mu'izz, 80–1
  • Mu'izz b. 'Abdullāh, 81
  • al-Mu'izz b. Zīri b. 'Aṭīyah, 80, 84
  • Mujāhid, 53
  • Mulūk al-Ṭawā'if, 26, 34, 83
  • al-Mundhir, 17, 19, 23–4, 90, 223
  • Murcia, 47, 51
  • Murābits, 58, 94
  • Mūsā, 82
  • al-Muṣḥafi (see abū'l-Ḥasan Ja'far)
  • al-Musta'in bi'llāh, 65, 78
  • al-Mustakfi bi'llāh, 77–8
  • al-Mustanṣir bi'llāh, 62, 78
  • al-Mu'tadd bi'llāh, 80, 83–4
  • al-Muẓaffar (see 'Abd al-Malik)

N.

  • al-Nākūr, 52–3, 69, 75, 80, 363, 414, 485, 490–1
  • al-Nāṣir li-dīn Allāh, 28, 72, 82
  • Naṣr, 82
  • Normans, 52

O.

  • Onuba, 57
  • Otto I, 540

Q.

  • Qāsim, 75–6
  • abū'l-Qāsim al-Qā'im, 76
  • al-Qāsim b. Ḥammūd, 18
  • Qāsim b. Muḥammad b. Ṭumlus, 76
  • Qāsim b. Walid al-Kalbi, 75
  • Qayrawān, 22, 33, 51, 89
  • Qurtubah (Cordoba), 33, 43, 45, 48, 50, 386

R.

  • Reyes de Taifas, 26, 61, 70
  • Rif, 52

S.

  • Ṣabrah, 51
  • Sabtah (Ceuta), 49
  • abū-'Amru Sa'd b. Mu'ādh b. 'Uthmān, 79
  • Safāqus (Sfax), 47, 399
  • ṣāḥib al-madīnah, 79, 81, 86
  • ṣāḥib al-mazālim, 63
  • ṣāḥib alshurṭah, 56, 68–9, 79
  • ṣāḥib al-sikkah, 65, 73, 86, 96
  • Sa'id, 65, 76, 259
  • abū-Sa'id (Ilkhānid), 36
  • Sa'id b. Sa'id b. Ḥudayr, 65
  • Sa'id b. Yūsuf, 65
  • Sāliḥids, 52
  • al-Samḥ. Mālik al-Khawlāni, 34
  • Ṣanhāji, 49
  • Santiago, 69, 94
  • ṣaqlabi (ṣaqālibah), 84
  • Saragossa, 35, 37, 85
  • Sayf al-Dawlah, 74
  • Segre, the, 94
  • Seville, 24, 34–5, 55, 96
  • Sfax, 47, 399, 537
  • Shu'ayb, 66
  • Shu'ayb b. Mūsā, 66
  • Shuhayd, 66–8
  • abū-Shuhayd, 47, 66–7
  • Shuhayd b. 'Isā b. Shuhayd, 66
  • shurṭah, 65, 86
  • shurṭah al-wusṭā, 65, 69
  • Sierra Morena, 43
  • Sijilmāsah, 46–7, 69, 83–4, 93, 271, 370, 386, 395, 399, 479, 536
  • Sijistān, 33
  • sikkah, 43, 88, 96
  • Sikkat al-Andalus, 30, 33, 42–3, 235, 238–9
  • Spania, 42
  • Sulaymān, 65
  • Sulaymān b. 'Abd al-Rahmān III, 19
  • Sulaymān b. 'Abd al-Rahmān IV, 57, 65
  • Sulaymān b. al-Ḥakam b. Sulaymān b. 'Abd al-Raḥmān III, 17–9, 26, 31, 45, 60–2, 65–6, 77–80, 92, 101, 109, 505, 510–8, 624, 527–9, 531, 541–6

T.

  • Tagus, the, 94
  • Tamlīh, 58–9, 77, 104
  • Tamlikh, 59
  • Tangier, 21, 42
  • Ṭarīf, 42
  • Ṭarīfah, 42, 47–8, 54, 67, 69
  • Tlemcen, 51
  • Toledo, 34
  • Totalica, 94
  • Tres Forcas, 52
  • Tubal, 42
  • Ṭūlūnids, 88
  • Tunis, 33
  • Tunisia, 47

U.

  • 'Ubaydullāh b. 'Abd al-Raḥmān III, 19
  • 'Ubaydullāh b. Yaḥyā, 70
  • 'Umar, 61, 74–5
  • al-ḥājib 'Umar, 61, 75
  • 'Umar b. Ḥafṣūn, 23, 63, 75

V.

  • Valencia, 73
  • Vandalicia, 42
  • Vandals, 42
  • Visigoths, 21, 33, 88

W.

  • Wādiḥ, 53, 64, 70, 84–5
  • wali al-'ahd, 85
  • Wali al-'ahd Muḥammad, 85
  • Wali al-'ahd al-Mu'izz, 85
  • wali 'ahd al-Muslimīn, 85
  • wāli al-madīnah, 57
  • wāli al-suq, 58
  • Wānūdīn, 46–7, 84
  • Wāsit, 21–2, 100, 124
  • al-Waṭah, 53
  • Wittiza, 33

X.

  • Xaltes (Saltes), 57

Y.

  • Yaḥyā, 76, 85–6
  • Yaḥyā b. 'Ali, 18
  • Yaḥyā b. Muḥammad al-Tujībi, 85–6
  • Yaḥyā b. Yūnus, 65, 85–6

Z.

  • Zahrā', 43
  • Zamora, 52
  • Zaranj, 33
  • Zāwi b. al-Zīri, 45
  • Zīri, 64
  • Zīri b. 'Aṭīyah al-Maghrāwi, 47, 53, 64, 80, 84–5
  • Zuhayr, 70

INDEX OF ORNAMENTS

  • image 123, 176, 179, 193, 209, 459
  • image 118, 132–11, 144, 148, 153, 155, 161, 163–5, 167–8, 173–7, 179–86, 188–90, 193, 197, 199, 202, 237
  • image 131, 153
  • image 119, 123–4, 142, 154, 197
  • image 120, 154, 156, 158, 166–7, 170, 175, 190
  • image 171
  • image 143
  • image 309, 312, 314–6, 320, 325
  • image 162, 260
  • image 135
  • image 135
  • image 140
  • image 140
  • image 140
  • image 140
  • image 181, 188–9
  • image 164
  • image 148
  • image 200
  • image 140
  • image 162
  • image 198
  • image 143
  • image 171
  • image 141
  • image 223
  • image 134, 142, 145–51, 155–7, 159–65, 167, 169–76, 178, 182–6, 188–9, 192, 199–200, 202, 212–7, 220–4
  • image 155
  • image 144, 146,151, 158, 165–6, 172
  • image 145
  • image 146
  • image 146, 166
  • image 161
  • image 147, 152, 165–6, 187
  • image 152, 172
  • image 188
  • image 213
  • image 186–7
  • image 171
  • image 136
  • image 122
  • image 136–7, 141, 158, 269
  • image 186
  • image 162
  • image 135
  • image 134, 143
  • • 104, 127, 131–2, 134–7, 140–5, 147–59, 162–77, 179, 181,183–9, 192, 194–6, 200, 202, 229,239–40, 275, 282, 284, 287, 289, 291–2, 294–5, 298, 326, 339–40, 353,368, 372, 376, 378–9, 386–7, 390–5, 397, 401, 404, 406–7, 410–1, 414, 417, 419, 422–3, 431–4, 442–6, 448–52, 454–60, 462, 464–5, 474–5, 491, 506, 513, 519, 521, 533
  • image 151
  • • 208
  • : 116–7, 443, 456
  • •• 144, 152, 159, 164, 167, 169, 172, 174–5, 185, 188, 194, 196, 229,366, 373, 458, 460–1, 497, 512, 516–7
  • ••• 132, 144, 159, 170, 173, 175, 186–7
  • ∴ 104, 378–9, 387–90, 396
  • ∴ 144, 146–7, 149–50, 152, 154, 158, 165, 167–8, 177–9, 184–6, 188–9, 192, 202, 235–7, 239, 241–2, 250, 252–3, 256, 258, 273, 283, 326, 331–2, 334–6, 343, 368, 372–3, 376–7, 382–4, 387–90, 393–5, 397–8, 401, 405, 407, 410–7, 415, 417, 419–20, 497, 500–1, 535, 548
  • ∵ 145–6, 150, 152, 161, 168, 177, 185, 308, 394
  • image 368, 383–4, 499, 535
  • image 177, 253, 308
  • image 149
  • •• 179
  • image 445
  • image 152
  • image 185, 321, 325, 483
  • image 391
  • image 275
  • image 299–300, 321–2, 331, 335–6, 343, 355, 388
  • image 343
  • image 294
  • image 372–3, 384
  • image 498
  • image 458
  • image 378
  • image 504
  • image 372
  • image 287
  • image 426
  • image 394
  • image 185
  • image 174
  • image 333
  • image 171, 218, 284–6, 369, 406–7
  • image 288, 362
  • image 127, 138–41, 144, 146, 160–2, 164–7, 170–5, 177, 179, 181–4, 186, 188, 190, 192–3, 195, 219, 233, 239, 249, 253, 261, 269–72, 275, 280, 282–7, 289, 291–7, 299–301, 311, 321–2, 324–6, 328–31, 334–6, 338–46, 349, 351, 353, 361, 368–9, 372, 374, 376, 378, 381, 386–94, 397–8, 401–2, 405–7, 410–28, 430–42, 445–8, 451–2, 454, 456–7, 459, 461–2, 464–6, 469–71, 474, 476, 478, 480–2, 487, 489–90, 493, 495,497, 499–501, 504–7, 510–3, 516, 519–23, 525, 530, 538, 545–6
  • image 275
  • image 326, 426, 441, 476
  • image 524
  • image 278, 383, 425
  • image 188
  • image 274, 372, 394, 424, 435, 446, 457, 471, 477, 484, 495
  • image 373, 440
  • image 465
  • image 179, 189, 192, 198, 219, 241, 257, 261-2, 267, 294-5, 297, 299-300, 322, 324-5, 329, 331, 334-6, 339-43, 347, 349-50, 352-3, 355, 358, 359-63, 366-9, 372-3, 378, 383-4, 388, 415-8, 422-8, 432, 434, 436-8, 442, 445-6, 448-9, 455, 457, 459-60, 466, 470, 477, 482, 485, 487, 497, 499-501, 506, 510-1, 515, 519-21
  • image 463, 489
  • image 408
  • image 451
  • image 372
  • image 373
  • image 482
  • image 336
  • image 177
  • image 275
  • image 272, 322, 341, 350, 520
  • image 425
  • image 443
  • image 459
  • image 161,177, 347
  • image 507
  • image 300, 334, 339-40, 343, 347, 349
  • image 369
  • image 339, 362
  • image 343
  • image 329
  • image 371
  • image 524
  • image 497
  • image 497
  • image 372
  • image 373
  • image 413
  • image 425
  • image 272
  • image 270
  • image 294
  • image 150,162,185,219
  • image 162
  • image 423
  • image 378
  • image 373
  • image 497, 535
  • image 455
  • image 381
  • image 402
  • image 145
  • image 230, 236, 241, 245' 254, 257–8
  • image 146
  • image 141–2, 145, 151, 158–9, 162–3, 176–7, 185, 187, 189
  • image 137–8, 150–9, 161–2, 164, 169–70, 173–6, 178, 185, 187, 189, 208, 225, 232, 284–5, 373, 392, 498, 536
  • image 165
  • image 148
  • image 146, 154–7, 160–1, 165, 170, 178, 185, 190
  • image 366
  • image 501
  • image 284
  • image 284
  • image 368
  • image 331
  • image 272
  • image 272
  • image 272
  • image 334
  • image 355, 374, 383, 415, 418, 424–5, 437, 446, 466, 471, 477, 497–501, 506, 508, 511, 524
  • image 368
  • image 471
  • image 374
  • image 498
  • image 374
  • image 477
  • image 466
  • image 446
  • image 416, 418–9
  • image 522
  • image 498
  • image 425, 487
  • image 372–3, 415, 424–5, 427–8, 436–7, 442, 446, 448, 457, 466, 471–2, 477, 481–2, 487, 492, 499–500, 506, 508–9, 511–2, 515–6, 519–20, 522, 525
  • image 490, 517
  • image 483
  • image 446
  • image 427, 446, 477
  • image 390
  • image 145, 447, 522
  • image 483
  • image 468
  • image 437
  • image 417, 424, 433, 446–7, 452, 459, 461–2, 471, 506, 508, 511, 517, 520, 522
  • image 466
  • image 507–8
  • image 346
  • image 447, 472
  • image 347
  • image 425, 433, 449, 483, 517
  • image 452
  • image 427
  • image 425
  • image 422
  • image 477
  • image 457, 460
  • image 517
  • image 347
  • image 459, 466, 471, 511, 514, 517, 522
  • image 472
  • image 520
  • image 521
  • image 517
  • image 520
  • image 472
  • image 517
  • image 520
  • image 377
  • image 374
  • image 472
  • image 472, 483
  • image 437, 466
  • image 426
  • image 473
  • image 376, 379
  • image 369
  • image 373
  • image 368
  • image 369
  • image 373
  • image 406
  • image 429
  • image 428
  • image 151
  • image 151
  • image 140, 142, 147–9, 158–9, 162, 166–7, 174, 185–7, 189, 205, 208, 211, 217
  • image 128, 140, 145, 149, 185, 191, 198–200, 205, 208–9, 213, 219, 222, 225, 228, 232, 235, 239, 242, 275–6, 280, 327–8, 334–5, 338–9, 345, 376, 404, 406, 411, 419–20, 492
  • image 216
  • image 220
  • image 113–4, 127–8, 169, 196, 237–41, 245, 280, 307, 317, 319, 369, 373, 379, 389, 405, 407, 411–2, 414, 416–8, 430, 432
  • image 431
  • image 423, 430–1
  • image 262, 265–6, 323, 341, 343
  • image 280
  • image 459, 464, 470, 477, 487
  • image 250, 260, 262–6, 269, 272–3, 276, 280–1, 284, 280–90, 292, 294, 296, 300, 306–8, 310–1, 313–5, 317–21, 323–5, 327, 334, 336, 376, 427, 430, 444, 447, 463, 504
  • image 336
  • image 360, 377–8, 384, 386, 388–9, 393–4, 405–7, 411–12, 415, 418
  • image 221
  • image 207, 209
  • image 377
  • image 401–2
  • image 208
  • image 208
  • image 376–7, 383
  • image 407
  • image 314, 320
  • image 318, 321, 325
  • image 320
  • image 321
  • image 314
  • image 216, 281–3, 306, 335, 376
  • image 280, 327
  • image 418
  • image 285, 382, 416, 419
  • image 283, 286, 288–9, 291, 306, 321, 423
  • image 271, 384, 438
  • image 389
  • image 424, 426
  • image 320
  • image 191
  • image 320
  • image 377
  • image 427
  • image 272
  • image 272
  • image 544
  • image 323
  • image 426
  • image 347
  • image 325, 329
  • image 272
  • image 272
  • image 284
  • image 335
  • image 330, 333
  • image 232
  • image 472
  • image 427
  • image 458–9, 460, 478, 487, 492, 500, 507, 511–3, 517, 522, 525–6, 529–30
  • image 487
  • image 501
  • image 508
  • image 508
  • image 488
  • image 467
  • image 537
  • image 163
  • image 201
  • image 198–9, 203
  • image 199
  • image 375, 387
  • image 458
  • image 454
  • image 454
  • image 484
  • image 478
  • image 371
  • image 366
  • image 530
  • image 374
  • image 200, 215
  • image 366
  • image 237
  • image 335
  • image 343
  • image 342
  • image 372
  • image 436
  • image 458
  • image 449
  • image 368
  • image 498
  • image 369
  • image 455
  • image 417
  • image 418
  • image 508
  • image 198
  • image 232
  • image 199
  • image 358
  • image 356
  • image 356, 358
  • image 356
  • image 356
  • image 356, 358
  • image 356
  • image 284
  • image 390
  • image 287
  • image 278
  • image 283
  • image 284
  • image 339
  • image 310
  • image 356
  • image 428
  • image 449
  • image 367
  • image 309
  • image 278
  • image 446
  • image 437
  • image 350
  • image 375
  • image 456
  • image 213
  • image 200–1, 220
  • image 221
  • image 220
  • image 408
  • image 277
  • image 277
  • image 208
  • image 232
  • image 331
  • image 443
  • image 416
  • image 488
  • image 276–7
  • image 428
  • image 390
  • image 448
  • image 309
  • image 173
  • image 104, 376–8, 387, 390, 396, 414, 416, 418–9
  • image 170
  • image 480
  • image 371
  • image 137
  • image 145, 291
  • image 435
  • image 373
  • image 151, 162
  • image 284, 287
  • image 335, 375, 381, 385, 390, 396, 407, 411, 416–7, 419
  • image 168–9, 216, 219, 389, 394, 474
  • image 168
  • image 168, 487
  • image 426
  • image 436
  • image 373
  • image 483
  • image 436
  • image 442, 447
  • image 442
  • image 447
  • image 472
  • image 429
  • image 473
  • image 460
  • image 447
  • image 379
  • image 448
  • image 450
  • image 488
  • image 436
  • image 303
  • image 426–7
  • image 442, 444
  • image 453
  • image 437
  • image 428–9
  • image 460
  • image 278
  • image 447
  • image 213
  • image 509
  • image 454, 538
  • image 448
  • image 469–70
  • image 483
  • image 331
  • image 463, 478
  • image 272–3, 276, 280, 331–2, 345, 348, 356, 365–8, 389, 393–4, 397–8, 401–2, 405, 472, 479
  • image 283–4, 286, 292, 317, 320, 335–6, 341, 360, 376–9, 383–4, 387–9, 407, 410–2, 415–6, 418–9, 425, 430, 456
  • image 389
  • image 301
  • image 301
  • image 301
  • image 436
  • image 501
  • image 458
  • image 276
  • image 313, 315, 317—21, 379, 402, 426, 442, 459, 472, 513
  • image 433
  • image 319
  • image 446, 452
  • image 378
  • image 336
  • image 461
  • image 277
  • image 422
  • image 369
  • image 460
  • image 437–8
  • image 469
  • image 331–2
  • image 332
  • image 216
  • image 436
  • image 464
  • image 204
  • image 463
  • image 460
  • image 436
  • image 301
  • image 277
  • image 448
  • image 442
  • image 523
  • image 483
  • image 460
  • image 469
  • image 495
  • image 494
  • image 447
  • image 465
  • image 447
  • image 533
  • image 387
  • image 213
  • image 375, 405–7, 523
  • image 384, 402
  • image 544
  • image 424, 428–9, 446, 448, 452, 494
  • image 377, 425
  • image 458
  • image 401
  • image 216
  • image 213
  • image 216
  • image 301
  • image 277
  • image 209–10
  • image 449
  • image 454
  • image 475
  • image 222
  • image 426
  • image 446
  • image 488
  • image 488
  • image 191
  • image 199–200
  • image 201, 205, 207, 213, 217, 225, 237
  • image 439
  • image 452
  • image 287
  • image 463
  • image 467
  • image 436
  • image 312
  • image 277
  • image 319
  • image 369
  • image 477
  • image 318–9, 321
  • image 316
  • image 313
  • image 325
  • image 304
  • image 310
  • image 447
  • image 308
  • image 467
  • image 303
  • image 436
  • image 304
  • image 304
  • image 308
  • image 321–2
  • image 436
  • image 303
  • image 301
  • image 304
  • image 310
  • image 317
  • image 313
  • image 449
  • image 488
  • image 310
  • image 448
  • image 273
  • image 202
  • image 200
  • image 374
  • image 209
  • image 479
  • image 205
  • image 203
  • image 366
  • image 208, 210
  • image 214
  • image 207
  • image 207
  • image 207
  • image 201
  • image 532
  • image 438
  • image 344
  • image 316
  • image 306
  • image 306
  • image 473
  • image 541
  • image 448
  • image 302
  • image 451
  • image 217
  • image 437
  • image 492
  • image 458
  • image 280
  • image 542
  • image 460
  • image 302
  • image 302
  • image 322
  • image 483
  • image 312
  • image 318
  • image 501
  • image 316, 325–6
  • image 501
  • image 309
  • image 302, 319, 322
  • image 309, 317
  • image 302
  • image 303
  • image 302
  • image 303
  • image 428
  • image 460
  • image 454
  • image 488
  • image 313
  • image 276
  • image 277
  • image 277
  • image 461
  • image 317
  • image 326
  • image 317
  • image 320
  • image 317
  • image 309
  • image 314
  • image 319
  • image 312
  • image 319
  • image 317
  • image 325–6
  • image 316
  • image 313
  • image 277
  • image 276
  • image 276
  • image 276
  • image 277
  • image 278
  • image 312
  • image 305
  • image 276
  • image 322
  • image 427
  • image 461
  • image 277
  • image 467
  • image 302
  • image 307
  • image 309
  • image 306
  • image 303
  • image 310
  • image 306
  • image 306
  • image 305
  • image 304
  • image 305
  • image 305
  • image 314
  • image 305
  • image 316
  • image 273
  • image 309
  • image 302, 304
  • image 309
  • image 488
  • image 316
  • image 316
  • image 473
  • image 309
  • image 312
  • image 305
  • image 306
  • image 316
  • image 302
  • image 303
  • image 302
  • image 356
  • image 283
  • image 319
  • image 321
  • image 493
  • image 480
  • image 204
  • image 463
  • image 405
  • image 542
  • image 473
  • image 278
  • image 273
  • image 309
  • image 314
  • image 305
  • image 326
  • image 313
  • image 312
  • image 325–6
  • image 319
  • image 277
  • image 461
  • image 310
  • image 326
  • image 319
  • image 312
  • image 276
  • image 306
  • image 305
  • image 305
  • image 316
  • image 306–7
  • image 305, 307
  • image 319
  • image 448
  • image 277
  • image 277
  • image 317
  • image 307
  • image 309
  • image 467
  • image 308
  • image 306
  • image 310
  • image 512
  • image 239
  • image 215
  • image 245
  • image 207, 209
  • image 319
  • image 403
  • image 437
  • image 281
  • image 326
  • image 542
  • image 301
  • image 217, 221
  • image 221
  • image 207
  • image 196–8, 200, 203, 205, 208–9
  • image 212
  • image 204
  • image 480
  • image 214, 220
  • image 209
  • image 201
  • image 203
  • image 437–8
  • image 287
  • image 177
  • image 196
  • image 196–7
  • image 512
  • image 215
  • image 439
  • image 367, 370
  • image 410–11
  • image 388
  • image 437
  • image 277
  • image 199
  • image 208
  • image 199
  • image 204
  • image 215
  • image 201
  • image 205
  • image 201
  • image 480
  • image 539
  • image 208
  • image 198
  • image 220
  • image 202
  • image 202
  • image 203
  • image 216
  • image 398
  • image 401–2
  • image 467
  • image 384
  • image 454
  • image 329
  • image 494
  • image 467
  • image 467
  • image 377, 379
  • image 478
  • image 444
  • image 398
  • image 455
  • image 480
  • image 301
  • image 532
  • image 331
  • image 229
  • image 229
  • image 21
  • image 121
  • image 246
  • image 163
  • image 163
  • image 163
  • image 404
  • image 162–3, 182–3
  • image 159
  • image 224
  • image 532
  • image 152–3, 158–9
  • image 208
  • image 283
  • image 277
  • image 442

KEY TO THE PLATES

Plate Catalogue No. Date Specimen
I 2(a) 102 HSA 13159
2(b) 102 HSA 13161
2(c) 102 HSA 13212
3 103 HSA 13211
8(d) 108 HSA 14208
9(b) 110 HSA 14215
14 116 ANS
16 118 ANS
17 121 ANS
26 Early undated HSA 14199
28 Early undated HSA 14189
II 37 146 Istanbul Museum (illustration reduced)
42 151 HSA 13344
56 (d) 165 HSA 13374
68 (b) 177 HSA 13315
76(a) 185 HSA 13394
90 (e) 199 HSA 14072
101 (c) 210 HSA 14082
110(c) 219 HSA 14086
115(a) 223 HSA 15305
121 (a) 229 HSA 14326
121 (f) 229 HSA 14328
123 (a) 231 HSA 14334
127 (c) 235 HSA 14352
III 142 (b) 250 HSA 14360
142 (h) 250 HSA 13410
142 (m) 250 ANS (Wood Coll.)
142 (o) 250 HSA 13408
146(b) 254 HSA 14408
153(h) 260 HSA 14107
157 (c) 264 ANS (Newell Coll.)
161 (l) 268 HSA 14149
IV 164 (a) 271 ANS (Wood Coll.)
165(a) 272 HSA 14432
179 (a) No date HSA 14370
180(d) No date HSA 14440
187 (a) 317 HSA 14170
189 (c) 318 HSA 14448
191 (d) 319 HSA 14450
193 31x HSA 14177
200 (b) 321 HSA 14454
201(b) 321 HSA 14178
V 217(b) 330 HSA 14479
219(a) 331 HSA 13188
221 (c) 333 HSA 14496
231 (b) 341 HSA 14621
239 (a) 348 HSA 14172
239 (b) 348 HSA 14704
242 (b) 350 HSA 14719
248 (u) 356 HSA 13616
250 (a) 357 HSA 15797
250 (s) 357 HSA 13533
VI 251 (a) 358 HSA 13138
251 (e) 358 HSA 13135
252 (k) 359 ANS (Wood Coll.)
254 (d) 361 HSA 13183
280(h) 378 HSA 13447
283 (a) 379 HSA 13207
286 (a) 380 HSA 13208
287 380 Philip Thorburn
289 (n) 381 HSA 13640
294 381 HSA 15165
VII 296 (b) 382 HSA 15530
304 (a) 384 HSA 15527
308 (s) 386 HSA 15172
315(b) 388 HSA 15563
316 (ggg) 389 HSA 13662
318(d) 390 HSA 14174
318(g) 390 ANS
320 (ppp) 391 HSA 15345
326 (r) 394 HSA 15441
327 (c) 394 HSA 15584
331 395 Jesse Yockers
VIII 335 (l) 397 HSA 13674
340 (t) 399 HSA 15609
342 (h) 400 HSA 13710
342 (mm) 400 HSA 13720
344 400? HSA 15603
345(g) 401 HSA 13965
346 (i) 402 HSA 13982
352 (c) No date ANS (Newell Coll.)
359 No date 2Karabacek, NZ 1869, P. VI, 1
359 No date Karabacek, NZ 1869, P. VI, 2
360 (b) 404 HSA 15701
362 (a) 406 ANS
IX 47 156 HSA 14262
X 47 156 HSA 14262
XI 122 (h) 230 HSA 13287
XII 230 (b) 340 HSA 14588
XIII 245 (o) 353 HSA 27788
XIV 324 (f) 393 HSA 15407
XV 340 (bb) 399 HSA 15618
343(n) 400 HSA 15655

PLATES

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE I

PLATE I - 1

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PLATE I - 2

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PLATE I - 3

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PLATE I - 4

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PLATE I - 5

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PLATE I - 6

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PLATE I - 7

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PLATE I - 8

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PLATE I - 9

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PLATE I - 10

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PLATE I - 11

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UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE II

PLATE I - 1

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PLATE I - 2

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PLATE I - 3

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PLATE I - 4

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PLATE I - 5

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PLATE I - 6

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PLATE I - 7

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PLATE I - 8

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PLATE I - 9

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PLATE I - 10

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PLATE I - 11

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PLATE I - 12

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PLATE I - 13

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PLATE I - 14

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UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE III

PLATE I - 1

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PLATE I - 2

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PLATE I - 3

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PLATE I - 4

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PLATE I - 5

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PLATE I - 6

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PLATE I - 7

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PLATE I - 8

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UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE IV

PLATE I - 1

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PLATE I - 2

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PLATE I - 3

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PLATE I - 4

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PLATE I - 5

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PLATE I - 6

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PLATE I - 7

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PLATE I - 8

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PLATE I - 9

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PLATE I - 10

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PLATE I - 11

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UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE V

PLATE I - 1

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PLATE I - 2

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PLATE I - 3

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PLATE I - 4

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PLATE I - 5

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PLATE I - 6

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PLATE I - 7

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PLATE I - 8

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PLATE I - 9

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PLATE I - 10

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PLATE I - 11

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UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE VI

PLATE I - 1

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PLATE I - 2

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PLATE I - 3

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PLATE I - 4

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PLATE I - 5

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PLATE I - 6

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PLATE I - 7

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PLATE I - 8

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PLATE I - 9

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PLATE I - 10

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PLATE I - 11

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PLATE I - 12

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UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE VII

PLATE I - 1

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PLATE I - 2

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PLATE I - 3

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PLATE I - 4

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PLATE I - 5

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PLATE I - 6

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PLATE I - 7

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PLATE I - 8

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PLATE I - 9

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PLATE I - 10

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PLATE I - 11

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UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE VIII

PLATE I - 1

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PLATE I - 2

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PLATE I - 3

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PLATE I - 4

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PLATE I - 5

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PLATE I - 6

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PLATE I - 7

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PLATE I - 8

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PLATE I - 9

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PLATE I - 10

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PLATE I - 11

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PLATE I - 12

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PLATE I - 13

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UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE IX

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156 A.H.: No. 47 OBVERSE

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE X

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156 A.H.: No. 47 REVERSE

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE IX

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156 A.H.: No. 47 OBVERSE

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE X

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156 A.H.: No. 47 REVERSE

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE IX

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156 A.H.: No. 47 OBVERSE

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE X

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156 A.H.: No. 47 REVERSE

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE IX

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156 A.H.: No. 47 OBVERSE

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE X

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156 A.H.: No. 47 REVERSE

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE XI

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230 A.H.: No. 122(h)

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE XII

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340 A.H.: No. 230(b)

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE XI

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230 A.H.: No. 122(h)

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE XII

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340 A.H.: No. 230(b)

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE XI

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230 A.H.: No. 122(h)

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE XII

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340 A.H.: No. 230(b)

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE XIII

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353 A.H.: No. 245(o)

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE XIV

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393 A.H.: No. 324(f)

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE XIII

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353 A.H.: No. 245(o)

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE XIV

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393 A.H.: No. 324(f)

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE XIII

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353 A.H.: No. 245(o)

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE XIV

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393 A.H.: No. 324(f)

UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE XV

PLATE XV - 1

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399 A.H.: No. 340(bb)

PLATE XV - 2

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400 A.H.: No. 343(n)

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UMAYYADS OF SPAIN

PLATE XV

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399 A.H.: No. 340(bb)

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400 A.H.: No. 343(n)