Carolingian Coinage

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Morrison, Karl F. (Karl Frederick), 1936-, Grunthal, Henry Grunthal, Henry (1905-2001).
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Numismatic Notes and Monographs
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American Numismatic Society
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New York
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Donum
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Worldcat
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Worldcat Works
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HathiTrust

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CC BY-NC

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Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program.

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THE DATING AND CLASSIFICATION OF CAROLINGIAN COINS

Coins are historical documents; and they may reveal much about the economic and political conditions of the government which struck them. Fluctuations in the weight of monetary issues, variations in their metallic composition, and changes in inscriptions and types may substantiate what is known from literary and epigraphical sources concerning governmental commercial affairs, or they may suggest conditions not known from other evidence. The value of coins to the historian, however, is directly proportionate to the exactitude with which they can be dated; upon this depends their correlation with other evidence and their proper ordering as an independent body of evidence.

The dating of numismatic remains from the Carolingian period is difficult when it is not frankly conjectural. With the rarest exceptions, none of the Carolingian series can be dated to the year, and few can be dated even to the decade. One series—the issue which bears the legend GRATIA D–I REX circumscriptional about a monogram of the name Carolus, can be ascribed only to the sixty-year period between its institution by Charles the Bald (864) and the deposition of Charles the Simple (923). Another, the series struck in the name of Louis the Pious with the reverse type of a temple and the legend XPISTIANA RELIGIO, was inaugurated by Louis the Pious, and continued to be struck in Carolingian lands for eighty years after his death. The coin finds which prove this continuity also indicate that the latest pieces tend to be far more degenerate in style and lighter in weight than the earliest, but there is no evidence which distinguishes the pieces struck in the thirty to forty years just after Louis' death from those struck in his lifetime.

The usual methods for establishing numismatic chronology have only partial success when applied to Carolingian issues. Inscriptions are of little help, since the issues do not bear precise dates (as do the contemporaneous Islamic series), and since the titles ascribed to the issuing rulers did not vary except on the imperial accession of the particular ruler. Even then, the change from royal to imperial titles confuses rather than clarifies: it is impossible to separate the imperial issues of Charles the Bald from those of Charles the Fat. Further, coin finds, and consequently, the coins which they contain, cannot be dated precisely; first, because they cannot be placed in a particular historical context, as the circumstances which led to their being deposited can never be known, and, secondly, because they lack associated material in the deposits which would date them. Within these limitations, coin finds do prove the synchronism of some issues in circulation, but they do not indicate whether the coins representing those issues had entered circulation at the same time or on widely separated occasions. The fact that kings sometimes struck several types simultaneously clouds the question still further. Likewise, the interpretation of symbolic types does not afford an exact chronology, since the few iconographical types used in Carolingian issues are so general in meaning as to defy ascription to any specific event. Finally, because more exact dating is impossible on other grounds, metrological evidence can be applied only to the whole span of the reign of any given ruler; the evidence does not warrant attributing various issues to particular years within any reign on metrological arguments. The only exceptions to this rule are the issues of Charlemagne and of Charles the Bald, both of whom instituted monetary reforms so thorough that the coinage of each is divided into two discrete series, clearly distinguished by style.

The only evidence sufficient to date Carolingian issues, therefore, is not the internal evidence of the coins, but the external proof of documents and political history. Even this evidence is so fragmentary and, in some cases, ambiguous as to prevent exact attributions and dating. Numismatists have tended to assume, for example, that a ruler struck coins in his own name only after the death of his predecessor.1 And yet, some issues of Pippin, Carloman, and Charlemagne have the same reverse types (cat. nos. 42, 83, 228; 24, 87, 164); and some issues of Louis the Pious are of the primitive type which Charlemagne abolished about 790.2 Lothaire I seems to have struck a gold issue in 825, fifteen years before his father's death; and he is known to have struck silver denarii in Tours and in Bordeaux, cities which he governed while Co-Emperor with his father, but never after 840.3 The exact similarity of other issues of Lothaire to those of Louis the Pious in respect to titles, epigraphical style, and general design also indicate that Lothaire's mintage began very considerably before he became sole Emperor.4 The supposition, therefore, is that a ruler began to strike coins in his own name immediately upon his proclamation as king or emperor, and that Charlemagne and Carloman began minting in 755, that Louis the Pious began his royal issue in 781 and his imperial coinage in 813, that Lothaire I began his imperial series in 817, that Pippin I's first issue was in the same year, and that Charles the Bald's was in 829, when he was declared King of Alamannia, or in 839, when he was advanced as King of Aquitaine. Charles could not have minted in Lorraine until he succeeded Lothaire II as King of Lorraine in 869. Among the East Franks, Louis the German may have struck from his proclamation as King in 817, and his sons, Louis of Saxony, Carloman, and Charles the Fat, from their accession in 861. Likewise, Louis II probably began his series in 844, when he became King of the Lombards, and Louis the Stammerer may have begun his in 866, when he became King of Aquitaine.5 Pippin II and Lothaire II succeeded only at their fathers' deaths in 838 and 855, respectively.

The complexity of these circumstances thwarts virtually any effort to date coin finds or coins within a reasonable period. A deposit containing coins issued by Lothaire I and by Charles the Bald, for example, need not have been buried between 840, when Lothaire became sole ruler and Charles entered into the West Frankish kingdom on the death of Louis the Pious, and 855, when Lothaire abdicated and died. Rather, the date of deposit could be pushed back eleven years, to the time of Charles's first proclamation as King. Likewise, a find containing coins of Louis the Pious and Lothaire I could have been made at any time in the thirty-eight years between 817 when Lothaire was proclaimed Co-Emperor, and 855, instead of in the fifteen years between 840 and 855. In some instances, therefore, the tolerance of dating suggested by the dates of royal accessions and of the deaths of rulers is widened so far as to be useless in any effort to establish an exact numismatic chronology.

Official documents provide more exact dates for some critical events in Carolingian monetary history. Decrees of the Synod of Frankfurt (794) and a letter of Alcuin written two years later refer to Charlemagne's "new mintage," and thus set the date of his monetary reform a short time before 794.6 Consequently, the primitive types which bear the inscription CARo/LVS in two lines on the obverse and various crude linear aiid circumscriptional inscriptions on the reverse can be dated before ca. 790, and the more refined types which present the name and title of the King circumscriptional about a cross or monogram of the king's name on the obverse, and the name of the mint city circumscriptional about either of the same symbols on the reverse, can be dated later. Two decrees of Louis the Pious certify that he instituted a monetary reform accompanied by demonetization in 819/820,7 and the increase by Louis of the weight standards established by his father was surely a part of this measure. An edict of Lothaire I issued in 832 refers to coinage which Lothaire had newly instituted and implies gradual demonetization in favor of that mintage.8 Unfortunately, the edict does not describe the issue in question. One may hypothesize that Lothaire referred to his only major departure from the predominant types of Louis the Pious, a type which achieved great frequency not only in the issues of Lothaire, but also in the early issues of Charles the Bald and Pippin I or Pippin II of Aquitaine: namely, an obverse type consisting of the name and title of the ruler circumscriptional about a cross, and a reverse type of the name of the mint city circumscriptional about a temple. Since this design is rare in the series of Louis the Pious, and common in those of his sons,9 it must have been instituted late in Louis' reign, and it could well be the type mentioned in Lothaire's edict of 832. Finally, Charles the Bald attempted, by the Edict of Pétres (864), to establish a uniform type for all his coinage. He commanded, "ut in denariis novae nostrae monetae ex una parte nomen nostrum habeatur in gyro et in medio nostri nominis monogramma, ex altera vero parte nomen civitatis et in medio crux habeatur." 10 This edict clearly instituted the series inscribed GRATIA D–I REX which occurs almost invariably circumscriptional about the monogram of Karolus, and not, as Prou maintained, the series with the obverse inscription, CAROLVS REX FR, which occurs circumscriptional about a cross as frequently as it does about a monogram. The apparent ambiguity between the nomen of the Edict and the nomen of the GRATIA D–I REX type is to be explained in terms of ninth-century political thought. For ninth-century authors, the king had two nomina, his own (e.g., "Carolus") and the nomen regis, the royal title, which he shared with Christ.11 It was this combination of nomina which the Edict of Pétres prescribed and the GRATIA D–I REX type executed. Coin finds indicate that the demonetization which Charles ordered in 864 was effective, and that the GRATIA D–I REX type was the usual currency design from its institution until the first years of the tenth century.

There are three other fixed dates in Carolingian history. The earliest is the date of the Ilanz II find (790–796), which contains one coin from Charlemagne's second period and nearly one hundred from his first. The presence of two dirhems, the later of which was struck by Harun al-Rashid in 789/9012 sets the date of deposit; the Carolingian contents of the find, together with the documents we have cited above, prove that Charlemagne's monetary reform occurred in the early 790's. Next, documentary evidence places the striking of gold "medallions," or "solidi," by Louis the Pious and Lothaire I in 825.13 And finally, the date of the Cuerdale deposit (900–903) proves the stylistic prevalence of the GRATIA D–I REX type at the end of the ninth century.14

Documentary and numismatic evidence combined, therefore, yield eight precise dates, in addition to regnal years, toward which a chronology of Carolingian numismatics must be oriented. The historian can set Charlemagne's coinage reform ca. 790,15 and attribute his issues to the first (755–ca. 790) or second (ca. 790–814) period. A few of Charlemagne's coins which bear the imperial title can be assigned more precisely to the period ca. 801–814.16 The historian is likewise aware that Louis the Pious instituted a new series about 819, that his son, Lothaire I, struck simultaneously with him coins of types exactly parallel to his, and that Lothaire I inaugurated a new series, perhaps with the reverse type of a temple and a city name, in 832. Finally, he can divide the mintage of Charles the Bald into two periods, the first, between 829 and 864, when coins bearing various types and inscriptions were issued, and the second, between 864 and 877, when the GRATIA D–I REX type predominated.

But these fixed points in numismatic history do not lead toward further exactitude in dating, and they leave totally unclarified many critical questions of chronology and attribution. To be sure, the issues of Pippin the Short, Carloman, Charlemagne, Louis the Pious, Lothaire I, Lothaire II, Charles the Bald (in his early period), Arnulf, Louis the Child, Odo, and Lothaire IV, and some issues of Charles the Simple can be attributed to those rulers with good assurance of accuracy. There are, however, some very grave difficulties concerning even some of these issues, and there are other issues which cannot be attributed with any certainty as to ruler or year.

Two major factors gave rise to these problems: the continuation and the immobilization of types. The first term implies the use of identical types only by a succession of synonymous rulers, while the second refers to the continual striking of particular types, no matter what the names of the rulers. The continuation of types has produced great difficulty in distinguishing the issues of Louis II from those of Louis III, pieces with the CARLVS REX or CARLVS REX FR type struck by Charles the Bald from coins with the same types struck by Charles the Simple, coins in the name of Charles with the imperial title struck by Charles the Bald from those struck by Charles the Fat, and the GRATIA D–I REX issues of Charles the Bald from those of Charles the Fat and Charles the Simple. On present evidence, the issues of Charles the Fat are, however, purely matters of hypothesis; it is supposed that, as King of the East Franks, King of the West Franks, and Emperor, he must have struck coins. There is no concrete evidence to substantiate or to refute this hypothesis. As we shall indicate below, the evidence of coin finds permits a tentative division of gome of the ambiguous series between Charles the Bald and Charles the Simple; but it does not clarify the question of Charles the Fat's mintage.

The second complicating element, the immobilization of types, hinders any precise classification of the two most numerous Carolingian series. The CARLVS REX FR type of Melle continued to be struck in great quantity for at least one hundred years after Charlemagne instituted it; more than half the Carolingian content in the Cuerdale find (there were ca. 1000 Carolingian pieces in the deposit) were of this one type. But there is nothing to distinguish one issue from another. Likewise, the XPISTIANA RELIGIO series in the name of Louis the Pious, which we have already mentioned, poses the most serious problems of attribution; for although it is the most prolific of the Carolingian series, and although it held an important place in Carolingian monetary history for nearly a century, its various issues cannot, with rare exceptions, be classified according to time or place of mintage. The obverse inscription HLVDOVVICVS IMP, which occurs on pieces struck throughout the ninth century and into the tenth, is meaningless for purposes of attribution. Fortunately, the XPISTIANA RELIGIO series struck in the names of other rulers—Lothaire I, Pippin I/II, Charles the Bald, Lothaire II, Arnulf, and Louis the Child—do not present such great problems of chronology, as they can at least be assigned to the regnal years of the issuing king.

In time, even the conflation of Christiana Religio issues in the name of Louis the Pious may be separated into its components, and the history of the type and its relation to the rest of the Carolingian series made clear. This clarification will most likely be achieved through painstaking study of die-relationships and the establishment of dielinks and epigraphical similarities, especially as they appear in the closed contexts of individual coin finds. Indeed, Dr. van Gelder has already engaged in such a study of the finds unearthed in the Netherlands, and he has been able to show, by stylistic affinities, that the issue was struck in the name of Louis the Pious at Dorestadt at the same time as the prolific Dorestadt temple-types of Lothaire I were being minted.17

For the present, we may summarize what we know about the history of the Christiana Religio series. Charlemagne instituted it after his imperial coronation as the reverse type of an extraordinary series of denarii bearing his portrait on the obverse.18 Other portrait types were struck at the same time—at Dorestadt (cat. 105), Trier (cat. 116), Quentovic (cat. 121a), Rouen (cat. 142), Lyon (cat. 167), Arles (cat. 198), and with the inscription +METALLéGERMAN (cat. 313)—and they too bear the imperial title and iconographical reverse types. On some, the obverse inscriptions are identical with those on Christiana Religio pieces: thus, KAROLVS IMP AVG appears on the series of Dorestadt, Quentovic, Rouen, Lyon, and +METALLéGERMAN as well as on three of the Christiana Religio strikings (cat. 317–319,) and D N KARLVS IMP AVG REX F ET L marks the Arles series and one Christiana Religio issue (cat. 314). D N KAROLVS IMP AVD appears only in the Christiana Religio series (cat. 315, 316). This series alone bears no city name; and only on portrait obverses of Christiana Religio types do cryptic letters appear beneath the portrait bust (cat. 315 = C, cat. 316 = V, cat. 318 = M, and cat. 319 = F). Some scholars have maintained that these letters indicate specific mints—that C denotes Cologne, V, Venice, M, Milan, and F, Florence—but such suggestions do not take into account the possibility that the letters could indicate regnal years, the initial letter of a moneyer's name, or a number of things other than the name of the mint city which in any case should hardly have been designated on the obverse. We do not know where or when these pieces were struck; but their affinities with the other issues we have mentioned indicate that they were part of an unusual imperia lseries, and their differences indicate that Charlemagne intende dfor them to be attributed to no specific mint.

Strangely, Louis the Pious did not retain the Christiana Religio type in his portrait series; the next ruler who linked it with his portrait was Lothaire I, and the evidence of coin finds may indicate that he restored it to the imperial portrait series even in the lifetime of Louis the Pious. Louis retained all the other iconographical reverse types struck under his father. The ship, which Charlemagne struck on his portrait series at Dorestadt, likewise appears on Louis' portrait series at Dorestadt (cat. 330) and at Quentovic (cat. 351) as well; the dies and hammers of +METALLéGERMAN appear on Louis' Melle issue (cat. 396); and the city gate, which Charlemagne issued at Trier, Rouen, Lyon, and Arles, marks Louis' portrait series at Tours (cat. 368), Orleans (cat. 372), Sens (cat. 374, 375), Toulouse (cat. 417, 418), Arles (435-438), Pavia (cat. 445), and Treviso (cat. 452). The temple appears only on one of Louis' portrait issues, and that bears the name of Milan instead of the Christiana Religio inscription. Lothaire I, however, restored the type to his portrait series (cat. 562–69), and, abandoning all other iconographical types, he adopted the temple as the reverse type for most of his other strikings, in most cases surrounding it with the name of the mint city. Though he did not adopt the Christiana Religio type in his portrait series, Louis the Pious did issue the type in great volume, struck to a standard obverse showing a central cross surrounded by his name and the imperial title; Lothaire continued to issue coins of this design in his own name simultaneously with the Christiana Religio portrait series.

By the time of Lothaire I, the Christiana Religio/temple type had lost the special association with the likeness of the emperor which Charlemagne had given it; and, when Louis adopted the temple as his reverse type at Milan and at Dorestadt (cat. 337) and Lothaire I likewise had it struck in most of his known mint cities substituting the name of the city of issue for the original inscription, the entire character of Charlemagne's issue—its coupling with the imperial portrait and its dissociation from particular mints—had vanished. Some Christiana Religio issues of Louis the Pious even lack the temple altogether (cat. 466–468); in them, the last trace of Charlemagne's careful iconographical relationship between the Emperor, the Church (represented by the temple), and the Christiana Religio legend, was destroyed.

The symbolic character of the type had entirely changed in the decade or so after Charlemagne's death, and, for our purposes, two aspects of this change are most important: the de-imperialization of the Christiana Religio reverse, and the adoption of the temple type in normal mint issues. Because the type was adopted by Lothaire's younger brothers, Pippin I of Aquitaine and Charles the Bald, and issued in their royal series and in the series of later kings as well, and because the temple did appear in the issues of known mints, we can have some clear picture of the geographical areas where the temple type appeared, where it was predominant, and finally, by referring to coin finds, when it was most prevalent. The following list summarizes our information on the geographical distribution of the temple type, giving under the name of each ruler the mints known to have issued that type, the reference number in the catalogue, and finds in which the coins occurred.

Louis the Pious

Dorestadt, 337. Ide, Pilligerheck.

Milan, 449, 450. No find.

Lothaire I

Bordeaux, 555. No find.

Cambrai, 543–545. Zelzate, Pilligerheck.

Cologne, 532–534. Groningen.

Dorestadt, 525–530. Numerous finds (see catalogue).

Huy, 541, 542. Emmen, Ballon, Pilligerheck.

Maastricht, 535–540. Wagenbogen, Ide, Pilligerheck.

Metz, 547–549. Wagenbogen, Zelzate, Pilligerheck.

Palace, 516, 517. Wagenbogen, Zelzate, Pilligerheck.

Trier, 546. Emmen, Pilligerheck.

Verdun, 551, 552. Emmen, Groningen, Pilligerheck.

Pippin I/II

Aquitaine, 597. "Frisia," Zelzate, Hon.

599. Wagenbogen, Pilligerheck.

Dax, 614. Kimswerd-Pingjum II, Pilligerheck.

Charles the Bald Auxerre, 1085, 1086. No find.

Bourges, 1167. Chamoux-Marcilly.

Chartres, 932. Midlaren, Etréchy.

Laon, 792. Pilligerheck.

793. Zelzate.

Le Mans, 911. No find.

Meaux, 848. Kimswerd-Pingjum II.

Melle, 1059. No find.

Orléns, 945. Zelzate, Ide, Pilligerheck, Emmen, Chamoux-Marcilly.

Paris, 827. Oudwoude, Zelzate, Pilligerheck, Wagenbogen, Loppersum.

Quentovic, 715. Pilligerheck.

Rheims, 813. Neuvi-au-Houlme, Kimswerd-Pingjum I (?), Fontaines, Ballon, Achlum, Zelzate, Ide, Pilligerheck, Wagenbogen, Emmen, Marsum.

St. Martin, 919. No find.

920.Zelzate, Pilligerheck.

921.No find.

Sens, 980, 981. Wagenbogen.

982. Wagenbogen, Pilligerheck, Midlaren.

Louis II (Emperor)

Beneventum, 1172–1174. No find.

Lothaire II Aachen, 1184. Midlaren.

Metz, 1186. No find.

Verdun, 1187–1189. Ide, Wagenbogen.

Louis III (?)

Sens, 1261. No find.

Charles the Simple.

"Bledonis," 1425–1427. Haute-Isle.

Trier, 1157. Store Valby,

Arnulf

Mainz, 1532, 1533. No find.

Milan, 1536, (1537), No find.

Pavia, 1538. No find.

Regensburg, 1534. No find.

Louis IV, the Child

Mainz, 1546–1548. Cuerdale.

Trier, 1566. Store Valby.

Wérzburg, 1548. Cuerdale.

Lothaire of France

Bourges, 1672–1677. Chateauneuf-sur-Cher.

Soissons, 1659. No find.

The temple type continued to be struck in Italy, at Pavia and Milan, by Berengar I, Hugh and Lothaire, Berengar II, and Rudolf III; at Lyon, by Rudolf III and Conrad II, who also struck the temple type at Cologne; at Metz and Regensburg by Henry the Fowler; and at Mainz and Trier by Otto I and/or Otto II. Keary has traced the morphology of this type into the later feudal period, and the interested reader is referred to his essay for information about the later history of the type.19

From the list just given, three things relevant to the history of the Christiana Religio type may be deduced. First, the fact that, except in a few instances, successive rulers did not continue striking the temple type in their mint cities, indicates that the type was simply not standard long enough to experience continuity of that sort. It is true that both Louis the Pious and Arnulf issued it at Milan; Lothaire I, Charles the Simple, and Louis the Child, at Trier; Louis the Pious and Lothaire I at Dorestadt; Arnulf and Louis the Child at Mainz; Lothaire I and Lothaire II at Verdun; Charles the Bald and (perhaps) Louis III at Sens; Charles the Bald and Lothaire of France at Bourges; and probably Pippin I and Pippin II at "Aquitaniorum." But there is wide discontinuity in some of these sequences, and none of them is long enough to give evidence of typological continuity. The type seems to have enjoyed a brief vogue.

The second observation is that the vogue reached its height in the time of Lothaire I and Charles the Bald, that is, ca. 840–855, and that it was most pronounced in the Rhine Valley and in adjacent regions of France. Some mints in the south of France (Dax, Bourges, Auxerre) and some in the west ("Aquitaniorum," Melle, Le Mans, Orléans, Chartres, Paris, St. Martin of Tours, Bordeaux) did issue the temple type, but the greater number of mints issuing it lay in the area bounded by the Rhine and by an imaginary line drawn from Mainz to Rheims and thence to Quentovic.

The importance of these two observations for our understanding of the Christiana Religio series is underscored by the third: namely, that the period in which the temple type enjoyed its greatest vogue in these cities is the same period in which, on the evidence of coin deposits, the Christiana Religio series achieved its greatest volume of production. The two series alike tend to be absent from deposits laid down in the 830's, such as "Frisia," Cosne, and Auzeville, but they become predominant in deposits of the period 840–864, such as Ide, Pilligerheck, and Wagenbogen. Finds buried after 864, such as Courbanton II, Courbanton III, Glizy, and Cuerdale characteristically lack Christiana Religio types entirely, and contain very few, if any, coins of the temple type with a city's name.

The evidence of coin finds, therefore, shows that the history of the Christiana Religio type is in some measure also the history of the other temple type issues; once the Christiana Religio type had been de-imperialized, and the temple type had entered the normal series, (perhaps, as we have suggested above, in 832), the Christiana Religio and the normal types flourished together, in the same areas and at the same time, and together they lost their predominant position about the time of Charles the Bald's monetary reform of 864.

Under these circumstances, one could well expect to find stylistic and epigraphical similarities between coins of the series of identifiable mints and those of the Christiana Religio series, and thus identify some, and perhaps many, Christiana Religio mint cities. Indeed, most of the progress made toward identifying them has been made by this comparative method. In this way, Dr. van Gelder has shown that some temples in the Christiana Religio series are stylistically identical with temples in the Dorestadt series of Lothaire I; and we may add that the highly distinctive style of the temple with an elongated cross, and the epigraphy of the inscription XAURELIANIS, which Charles the Bald struck at Orléans (cat. 945), corresponds so closely with the style of some Christiana Religio denarii that Orléans too can unhesitatingly be identified. In another essay, we have examined still another means of identification, the mules and hybrids of the Carolingian series, which add to the list of Christiana Religio mint cities Laon and Béziers, and, from a later period, Constance.20 A final point of comparison is the appearance of distinctive markings on a relatively small number of Christiana Religio issues of Louis the Pious (cat. 480–505). Some of these correspond with markings on the coins of Lothaire I and of Charles the Bald; one dot beneath the temple (Louis, cat. 483 = Lothaire, cat. 586 = Charles, cat. 1164), a chevron beneath the temple (Louis, cat. 482 = Charles, cat. 1165), three dots, triangularly arranged beneath the temple (Louis, cat. 496 = Charles, cat. 1166), three dots horizontally arranged beneath the temple (Louis, cat. 494, 495 = Lothaire, cat. 592), and three dots, triangularly arranged beneath the temple with one dot at each side of the temple (Louis, cat. 498 = Charles, cat. 1167). In themselves, these correlations are merely interesting evidence that Louis's sons used his types (and perhaps his dies). But we are able to suggest on the basis of the same markings on other temple type issues that two of these markings indicate known mints: three dots horizontally arranged beneath the temple occur on the Huy issues of Lothaire I (cat. 541,542), and (as Prou has already observed), three dots horizontally arranged beneath the temple, with one dot at each side of the temple, occur on a Quentovic issue of Charles the Bald (cat. 715). Aside from these markings, which occur on the Christiana Religio series both of Louis the Pious and of his sons, there are other markings in Louis's Christiana Religio series paralleled in other series of his sons which may indicate the mint of Louis's issues: for example, the cross beneath the temple (cat. 474) is paralleled by the cross beneath the temple in issues of Charles the Bald at Laon (cat. 792) and at Meaux (cat. 848).

These remarks have been intended to summarize our present knowledge about the Christiana Religio series, and to suggest some lines of enquiry which future investigations may follow. If we can, with some certainty, identify Dorestadt, Orléans, Huy, Quentovic, Béziers and, perhaps, Laon and Meaux as cities where the Christiana Religio coins were struck, we have gone a little beyond our predecessors in this arduous work, and we can take hope that the complexities of this critical series will ultimately be explained.

For the present, the discussion above merely illustrates the problems of attribution which encumber the study of Carolingian numismatics. And we may for the present conclude that the difficulties of attribution produced by the continuation and immobilization of types are beyond clarification by the historical evidence reviewed above. Such precision as is possible must come from purely numismatic evidence—from coin finds, and from the coins themselves.

End Notes

1
E.g., A. Engel and R. Serrure, Traité de numismatique du moyen ége, I (Paris, 1891); A. Suhle, Die deutschen Ménzen des Mittelalters, 2nd. ed. (Berlin, 1955); H. Volckers, "Die Christiana Religio-Geprége, Ein Beitrag zur Karolingerforschung," Hamburger Beitrége zur Numismatik VI/VII (1952/3), p. 32 and passim.
Gariel and Prou both refer to the primitive issue of Louis the Pious which was synchronous with Charlemagne's first series, but they do not observe that other rulers likewise struck coins as kings during the lifetime of their fathers. E. Gariel, Les monnaies royales de France sous la race carolingienne, II (Strassburg, 1884), pl. XIV, 1; M. Prou, Les monnaies carolingiennes (Paris, 1896), pp. x, xiif.
2
Catalogue, Louis the Pious, nos. 459, 460, 461.
3
Catalogue, Lothaire I, nos. 553, 555.
4
Compare, especially, the linear reverses which he struck in the "Palace," Dorestadt, Cologne, Metz, Tours, Pavia, Milan, Treviso, and Venice. Lothaire's XPRISTIANA RELIGIO series and the gold medallion which he struck jointly with Louis the Pious's MVNVS DIVINVM "medallion" also show a very great stylistic affinity to the coins of his father.
5
The coins issued in Aquitaine with the obverse inscription +CAROLVS REX EQ probably belong to Charles the Child, who preceded Louis as King of Aquitaine. They are clearly mid-ninth century in fabric and design. Furthermore, the legend is known only in this series; it does not occur in the attributable series of Charles the Bald.
6
The evidence is reviewed in P. Grierson, "La trouvaille monétaire d'Ilanz," Schweizer Ménzblétter, IV (1953), pp. 46–48; "Chronologia delle riforme monetarie di Carlo Magno," RIN 1954, pp. 1–15; and with revised conclusions, in "Money and Coinage under Charlegmagne," Karl der Grosse: Persédnlichkeit und Geschichte, I (Désseldorf, 1965), pp. 506 ff. Grierson's earlier view, which we have adopted, opposes the position advanced by R. Gaettens, who argues that the reform occurred about 774. His argument rests upon his new dating of the Edict of Mantua to 774, and upon the supposition that Charlemagne's demonetization order in that decree was a part of his reform. Though problematical, the dating of the Edict of Mantua can be set definitely as about 787 (F. L. Ganshof, Recherches sur les capitulaires [Paris, 1958], p. 114), and the evidence of official documents and coin finds alike indicates the later date for the reform. In a still-unpublished essay, Maureen A. Fennell (below, n. 89) has added much documentary support to Ganshof's argument, which she has also elaborated. R. Gaettens, "Ménzen Karls d. Gr. sowie der Pépste Hadrian I. und Leo III. von historischer, staatsrechtlicher und wéhrungsgeschichtlicher Bedeutung," Jahrbuch fér Numismatik und Geldgeschichte, II (1950/51), pp. 50ff.
7
MGH Cap. Reg. Fr. I, p. 285, no. 139, c. 19; p. 306, no. 150, c. 20.
8
MGH Cap. Reg. Fr. II, p. 63, no. 202, c. 2: "De monetis inquiratur, qua custodia observantur vel qua fraude vitiantur et a quibus personis hoc perpetratum sit, et noviter a nobis instituta instanter figurari precipiantur. Verumtamen usque missa sancti Iohannis denarium argenteum et non fractum, cuiuscumque monetae recipiatur."
9
See below, pp. 11 f.
10
MGH Cap. Reg. Fr. II, p. 315, no. 273, c. 11. See also K. F. Morrison, "'Mules' in the Carolingian Series," NC 1961, p. 230. On the so-called "type of the Edict of Pitres," see the comments of J. Lafaurie, "Deux trésors monétaires carolingiens, RN 1965, p. 266, esp. n. 1.
11
E.g., Synod of Aachen III (861), Mansi XV, 611: "... non sine gravi gemitu nostro Christianissimo principi ad memoriam reduximus, ut non immemor vocationis suae, quod nomine censetur opere compleat, ut rex regum Christus, qui sui nominis vicem illi contulit in terris... "
12
See the articles by Grierson cited above, n. 6.
13
See below, pp. 29 ff.
14
C. S. S. Lyon and B. H. I. H. Stewart, "The Northumbrian Viking Coins in the Cuerdale Hoard," in R. H. M. Dolley, ed., Anglo-Saxon Coins (London, 1961), pp. 96–121.
15
Cf. Grierson ("The winter of 793/4"), "Money and Coinage under Charlemagne," op. cit., pp. 507, 511.
16
Grierson (ibid., pp. 511ff., 524ff.) argues for 768–793/4 for the primitive issue, 793/4–806 for the new royal issue, and 806–814 for the issues with the imperial bust. Since the evidence which Mr. Grierson presents is capable of several interpretations, I have preferred to retain the dating which seems to me historically most probable. I would suggest further that Mr. Grierson's position does not exclude logically the supposition that Charlamagne's second royal series and his imperial series were issued simultaneously.
17
H. Enno van Gelder, "De karolingische Muntslag te Duurstede," Jaarboek voor Munt- en Penningkunde, 48 (1961), pp. 35f.
18
On Charlemagne's imperial series, see the excellent analysis by Grierson, ibid., pp. 518ff.
19
C. F. Keary, "The Morphology of Coins," NC 1886, pp. 74 f.
20
"'Mules' in the Carolingian Series," NC 1961, pp. 231 f.

COIN FINDS

Since Carolingian coin finds cannot be dated precisely, their chief value in establishing a chronological sequence of mintage is as evidence of the synchronism of types in circulation; for they indicate which types were in currency on the specific occasions when the deposits were buried. They do not indicate, however, when those occasions were, or whether the various issues which they contain entered circulation at the same time or over a space of many years. Still, because of what is known from documentary evidence, finds can be dated approximately according as they consist entirely or predominately of coins from Charlemagne's first or second period, of coinage of Louis the Pious and his sons, or of the GRATIA D–I REX type. But the limits of this method of classification are narrow; for example, a find which consists largely of GRATIA D–I REX pieces can only be dated "after 864" in the absence of more restrictive evidence, and a deposit containing only issues of Louis the Pious can only be dated to the reign of Louis the Pious, or a little later, proof only that coins of that Emperor circulated in his own day.

The largely homogenous character of Carolingian finds, however, allows of two presuppositions in attributing their contents to rulers and to times. First, one may suppose that the bulk of coins in any normal find were struck within a short time—between five and fifteen years—immediately before deposit. And secondly, one may assume the likelihood that a find will not contain issues of two rulers, not in immediate sequence, from the same mints and lack entirely issues of intermediate rulers from those mints.

The application of these principles to finds from the earlier Carolingian period is not so critical as their application to the later, where attributions are most difficult. Among the early finds, Krinkberg is particularly important as it proves the circulation of an issue of Louis the Pious parallel in style to the pre-reform issue of Charlemagne side by Side with that primitive issue; as already observed, Ilanz II assists in dating Charlemagne's monetary reform. As for the other deposits of roughly the same period, there is no mistaking the coins of Pippin, Carloman, and Charlemagne in the Imphy find, or those primitive issues of Charlemagne which constituted the Bel-Air, Jessum, Vercelli, Chézy-l'Abbaye, "Jura," and Sarzana finds. Deposits from Charlemagne's second period prove that he struck the obverse type CARLVS REX FR circumscriptional about a cross or a monogram of Karolus throughout the Empire—in Agen, Arles, Béziers, Bourges, Chelles, Dorestadt, Lyon, Mainz, Melle, Milan, Pavia, Toulouse, Tours, and Treviso—and that the coins bearing the same obverse type and the reverse legend EX MEALLO NOVO circumscriptional about a Karolus monogram must also be attributed to him.21

Finds from the time of Louis the Pious and the period just after his death are valuable chiefly because of the attributions to Charles the Bald which they make possible. By virtue of the issues of Louis the Pious, Lothaire I, and Pippin I or II associated with issues of Charles in these finds, it is clear that the inscription CARLVS REX, later common on issues of Charles the Simple, occurred on the obverse of issues of Charles the Bald in Aquitaine,22 Bruges,23 Chartres,24 Meaux,25 Melle,28 Orléans,27 Paris,28 Toulouse,29 the palace,30 and on Charles's XPISTIANA RELIGIO series.31 Further, the Zelzate find indicates that the inscription KAROLVS GRATIA DI REX, which occurs on an issue of Laon, belongs to Charles,32 and Pilligerheck likewise shows that the inscription CARLVS REX FRANCO (which appears in the much later deposits of Arras and Cuerdale) must be ascribed to him. Finally, the deposits from this period prove that Charles the Bald revived the CARLVS REX FR type of his grandfather and struck it extensively—in Auxerre,33 Bourges,34 Chartres,35 Lyon,36 Melle,37 Mouzon,38 Orléans,39 Paris,40 Quentovic,41 Rheims,42 St. Denis,43 Sens,44 Toulouse,45 Tours,46 and on his XPISTIANA RELIGIO series,47 with various reverse types.

From later finds, one would expect some clarification of the confused GRATIA D–I REX series, and of the late issues in the name of the Emperor, or of the Emperors, Charles; but such clarification as the find evidence affords is circumstantial and far from satisfactory. The two principles of attribution stated above cannot, on the whole, be applied advantageously to the finds deposited prior to the Edict of Pétres; for those principles are designed merely to provide attributions of specific coins to specific rulers, a function discharged by inscriptions on the coins themselves in deposits buried from the reign of Charlemagne until about 864. Only with regard to finds from the period after 864, where continuity and immobilization of types obscure attributions, do these general principles become relevant.

By applying them, one can arbitrarily distinguish some finds from this period as being later than others. The later deposits may be assigned to the time of Charles the Simple, and the earlier to the reign of Charles the Bald or of Charles the Fat, according to three corollaries of the two principles: First, that finds consisting entirely of pieces in the name of a Charles as King and/or as Emperor, without any admixture of coins of Louis II/III, Odo, or Louis IV, belong to Charles the Bald.48 Second, that deposits containing principally coins of "Charles" with an admixture of coins of Louis II/III and/or Carloman belong to Charles the Bald or Charles the Fat. And third, that "Charles" finds which contain coins of later rulers, e.g., Berengar, Lambert and Louis the Child, were deposited in the reign of Charles the Simple. Under the first corollary, the following finds may be attributed to the time of Charles the Bald: Beaumont, Bourgneuf, Chalon-sur Saéne (1956), Evreux, Gannat, Jouaye-Mondaye, Marsum, Moulin-Gargot (all of which contain issues of an Emperor Charles), Assebrouck, Laxfield, Nourray, Vaux-de-Vire, and Yrond (all of which lack imperial issues). Under the second corollary, "Charles" issues in the following deposits may be ascribed either to Charles the Bald or to Charles the Fat: Avignon, Bligny, Bonnevaux, Courbanton II, Courbanton III, Glizy, and Issy-l'Evéque (all of which contain imperial issues of "Charles"), Arras, Compiégne, Etampes, Roches l'Evéque, Roswinkel, Saumeray, Savigné-sous-le-Lude and Troyes.49 Under the last corollary, the following finds can be dated to the reign of Charles the Simple: Odoorn (which contains an imperial issue of "Charles"), Bruére, Chateauneuf-sur-Cher, Coudre, Cuerdale, Dalen, Evreux (St-Taurin), Haute-Isle, Ilanz I, Langres, Metz, and Saumur.50 The deposit of Chalon-sur-Saéne (1893), which contained one XPISTIANA RELIGIO denarius of Louis the Pious, one denarius of the same type in the name of CARLVS REX FR, and numerous pieces (the exact number is not known) of the GRATIA D–I REX type, should probably be assigned to the reign of Charles the Bald as well. And the "Charles" pieces (imperial series) in the Assen find, which also contained issues of Louis the Pious, Lothaire I, and Louis the Child, belong either to Charles the Bald or to Charles the Fat. The deposit of Rennes, which would otherwise fall in the second class, can be dated ca. 920, since it contained early tenth-century issues of Auvergne, Italy and East Anglia.

On this classification, it is apparent that many prolific mints—Orléans, Angers, Tours, Blois, Evreux, Cambrai, Paris, Bruges, and Le Mans—issued the GRATIA D–I REX type both under Charles the Bald and under Charles the Simple. These issues are identical in type, style, fabric, and weight. And even under our first principle—that the bulk of the coins in a find may be assumed to have been struck within about fifteen years of deposit—there is an open possibility that the "Charles" pieces in the third group were struck, not by Charles the Simple, but by Charles the Fat.

One may, therefore, tentatively attribute the finds to the reigns of particular rulers, but the attribution of the coins which those deposits contained remains, on the whole, a matter of conjecture. Only the types which occur in the group under the first corollary above can be attributed with a fair degree of certainty to a particular ruler. Yet, in the last analysis, there is no absolute evidence that they were not struck by Charles the Fat or by Charles the Simple and deposited in either of their reigns. Finally, the deposits adduce no grounds for separating the series of Pippin I and Louis II from those of their sons and namesakes.51

No argument can proceed from synchronism of currency to synchronism of issue without external evidence, either documentary or numismatic; for this reason, the evidence of coin finds is inconclusive for purposes of attribution. Many issues can be attributed to specific rulers on the bases of type or weight. For these classifications (e.g., for the early issues of Charles the Bald), coin finds add useful support, by indicating that the pieces which might be ambiguously attributed were in frequent circulation together with pieces easily attributable to other rulers; but this principle is valid only when the rulers in question governed simultaneously, or almost simultaneously. Coin finds, then, furnish grounds only for the most tentative attribution where more certain evidence does not already exist; they cannot clarify absolutely the confused series of the late ninth and early tenth centuries.

End Notes

21
The finds in question are Biebrich, Bondeno, Ibersheim, Veuillin, Belvézet, and Dorestadt (1846).
22
Aquitaine — Finds of Muizon-lez-Malines, Etréchy.
23
Bruges — Find of Wagenbogen.
24
Chartres — Find of Pilligerheck.
25
Meaux — Finds of Kinswerd-Pingjum II, Pilligerheck.
26
Melle — Find of Brioux.
27
Orléans — Find of Cosne.
28
Paris — Find of Wagenbogen.
29
Toulouse — Find of Auzeville.
30
Palace — Finds of Compiégne, Nourray, Courbanton III, Glizy, Beaumont.
31
XPISTIANA RELIGIO — Find of Pilligerheck.
32
Aquitaine — Finds of Chamoux-Marcilly, Etréchy.
33
Auxerre — Finds of Cosne, Emmen, Midlaren.
34
Bourges — Find of Chamoux-Marcilly.
35
Chartres — Finds of Emmen, Etréchy, Midlaren, Pilligerheck.
36
Lyon — Find of Pilligerheck.
37
Melle — Finds of Achlum, Brioux, Chamoux-Marcilly, Melle, Rijs.
38
Mouzon — Find of Zelzate.
39
Orléans — Finds of Achlum, Chamoux-Marcilly, Etréchy, Ide, Oudwoude, Pilligerheck, Wagenbogen.
40
Paris — Finds of Loppersum, Oudwoude, Pilligerheck, Wagenbogen.
41
Quentovic — Finds of Pilligerheck, Zelzate.
42
Rheims — Finds of Achlum, Fontaines, Ide, Kimswerd-Pingjum II, Neuvi-au-Houlme, Wagenbogen, Zelzate.
43
St. Denis — Find of Zelzate.
44
Sens — Finds of Emmen, Midlaren, Pilligerheck, Wagenbogen, Zelzate.
45
Toulouse — Finds of Auzeville, Brioux.
46
Tours — Find of Pilligerheck.
47
XPISTIANA RELIGIO — Finds of Achlum, Chamoux-Marcilly, Emmen, Fontaines, Indre, Kimswerd-Pingjum I and II, Lauzés, Muizon-lez-Malines, Oudwoude, Pilligerheck, Wagenbogen.
48
This corollary, however, has the inconclusive character of any argumentum ex silentio. M. Lafaurie's perceptive suggestion about distinctions between the GRATIA DEI REX issues of Charles the Bald and Charles the Simple appeared too late to be incorporated into this essay. See, now, "Deux trésors monétaires carolingiens," RN 1965, pp. 268 f.
49
The denarius of Charlemagne struck at Milan is an exception.
50
As Gariel pointed out (op. cit., vol. I, p. 153), this find has been egregiously falsified, and only the Carolingian portions can be accepted as belonging to the deposit.
51
It must always be understood, therefore, that systems of classification like that in the present catalogue are tentative. In addition to the classifications of Gariel and Prou, see Engel and Serrure, op. cit.; J. A. Blanchet and A. Dieudonné, Manuel de numismatique franéaise, I (Paris, 1912). R. Serrure, "Liste alphabétique des ateliers monétaires de Charles le Chauve: 840–877," Bulletin mensuel de numismatique et d'archéologie, III (1883/4), pp. 37–44.

INTERPRETATION OF TYPES

It might be expected that one could, by close study of coin types, place the greater part of Carolingian issues within a precise historical context, just as students of classical antiquity have been able to date exactly some issues and whole series by the portraits, allegorical scenes, or symbols stamped on the coins. But for the student of Carolingian numismatics, the interpretation of types is methodologically impracticable in dating particular coins or even in establishing when a series was begun and when it was discontinued. There are three principal reasons for this difficulty. The confusion of types used by the several Charles's and Louis's, which we have mentioned above, and its corollary, the immobilization of types, constitute the first barrier to setting ninth and tenth century issues in an historical sequence. For neither the types nor the weight of the coins nor their fabric distinguish the identical types which were struck, on the evidence of coin finds, by two or more rulers over a period of fifty to sixty years. The second reason is the essentially aniconigraphical nature of Carolingian types. Unlike classical issues, Carolingian coins do not bear allegorical representations designed to commemorate particular events. The usual types are circumscriptional inscriptions—the name and title of the ruler on the obverse and the name of the mint city on the reverse—about a cross, a monogram, or, more rarely, a temple. They are, so to speak, historically anonymous, for they belong to no precisely definable historical circumstances. The representational types which are preserved are simple designs, e.g., a ship, or a city gate, without special attributes which would relate them to particular occurrences. Clearly, they were unusual issues, since they are too few to constitute a close chronological sequence, but, and this is the third reason for our difficulty, their symbolism is too general to permit explicit dating.

Coin types, on the whole, do not provide any evidence for establishing a chronology of Carolingian mintage; dissociated from particular events, their only value is in their abstract symbolic content.

The meaning of many representational types is readily apparent. For example, the portrait busts which appear on the coins of Charlemagne, Louis the Pious, and Lothaire I, as Emperors, the reverse type of the ship, stamped on denarii which Louis the Pious struck at Dorestadt, and that of the city gate, which appears on issues of Charlemagne, Louis the Pious, and Charles the Bald before his imperial accession, were all patterned on Roman imperial prototypes. They betray the effort of the Frankish rulers to establish as a political myth a direct line of legitimate government running from themselves back to the Caesars.52 Similarly obvious are the meanings of the monogram and the cross, which appear interchangeably as obverse and reverse types on the issues of Charlemagne after his coin reform, and on those of Charles the Bald, Louis II/III, and Odo. The monogram of the name of the reigning king was guarantee that the coin which bore it was an official issue of the proper weight and metallic content. It attested to the authenticity of the coin, just as the same monogram on royal seals attested to the authenticity of written documents.53 The monogram was the sign of the earthly king; the cross was that of the heavenly. As the Synod of Frankfurt declared against the Byzantine iconodules, "Hoc [i.e., the cross] est nostri regis insigne, non quedam pictura, quod nostri exercitus indesinenter aspiciunt legiones. Hoc est signum nostri imperatoris, non conpaginatio colorum, quod ad proelium nostrae sequuntur cohorts." 54 It was an ensign which proclaimed the universal dominion of the Heavenly Emperor, both in Heaven and on earth, dominion over all peoples, which Christ had won by His Passion.55 The combination of these two symbols as obverse and reverse types on the same coins points up the quasi-sacred nature of coinage which is also indicated most clearly by the fact that the falsification of coinage was punishable both as perjury in the royal courts and as sacrilege in the episcopal courts.56 It also expresses the personal relationship which ninth-century political thought defined between God and the earthly king, His special representative or vicar, and between the Heavenly Kingdom and the terrestrial which was its reflection. Any characteristic functions of earthly government, including mintage, was an exercise of the king's role as the "minister of God;" and it consequently fell within the dimension of the sacred.57

Two iconographical types in the Carolingian series have aroused particularly great scholarly interest; and, as there is no general agreement concerning their symbohc meaning, a review of pertinent evidence may be in order. The earlier of these types is the XPISTIANA RELIGIO reverse, which consists of a tetrastyle temple on two steps with one cross centered at the top of the steps and another at the top of the gabled roof, and the legend XPISTIANA RELIGIO circumscriptional about the temple. The second and later type is the reverse of the extremely rare gold "medallion," or "solidus," of Louis the Pious. It consists of a cross surrounded by a wreath, the whole design being encircled by the inscription MVNVS DIVINVM.

That the XPISTIANA RELIGIO type expressed some critical aspect of Carolingian political ideology is shown by the facts that Charlemagne instituted it only after his imperial coronation, that the bulk of coins attributed to Louis the Pious are of this type, and that every Carolingian ruler who is known to have struck coins at all issued some XPISTIANA RELIGIO denarii.58 Scholars have not agreed on the symbohc meaning of the temple, however, and consequently they have not agreed on the ideological point which it expresses. Some authors have held that the temple represented particular churches. Prou, for example, maintained that it was St. Peter's in Rome, and that Charlemagne commissioned the design to commemorate the scene of his imperial coronation.59 Rivoira believed that it represented the faéade of St. Martin of Tours, but this argument is based on the analogy between the XPISTIANA RELIGIO type of Charlemagne and a piece struck by Charles the Bald at Tours which he mistakenly attributed to Charlemagne.60 And finally, E. Baldwin Smith, following the argument which Gaehde had already formulated and which he later set forth in a still-unpublished essay,61 stated the thesis that the temple depicted was the chapel of Charlemagne's palace at Aachen.62 Other scholars have advocated more abstract interpretations. Bandmann writes of the temple as symbolizing the Heavenly Jerusalem;63 Gattens has described the temple as representing the ancient Church;64 and Schramm and Fallon hold that it stands for the whole Christian Church.65 In view of this wide disagreement, Vélckers, perhaps wisely, refrained from stating any interpretation of his own.66

Any hypothesis that the temple type represents a specific church building must founder on the lack of positive evidence. There are no documents which explicitly identify the temple as St. Peter's, St. Martin's, or St. Mary's in Aachen. More important, the inscription XPISTIANA RELIGIO seems a deliberate departure from the conventional obverse which named the mint city where the particular coin was issued. If Charlemagne had intended to represent a definite church, he surely would have followed usual practice, having the name of the church or at least the name of its city inscribed about it. The XPISTIANA RELIGIO type, however, by its very lack of specificity stands apart from the familiar series attributable to particular cities; it belonged, not to one church or to one city, but to the Empire.

It is true that, in his biography of Charlemagne, Einhard connected the Emperor's zeal for the Christiana Religio with the basilica in Aachen. Einhard writes, "Religionem christianam qua ab infantia fuerat [Charlemagne] imbutus, sanctissme et cum summa pietate coluit, ac propter hoc plurimae pulchritudinis basilicam Aquisgrani exstruxit auroque et argento et luminaribus atque ex aere solido cancellis et ianuis adornavit."67 But neither Einhard nor any of his contemporaries identified the Christian religion so closely with one building that Christiana Religio became the familiar name of that building. Rather, the patristic writings which molded the thoughts and even the works of ninth-century authors consistently identify Christiana Religio with the universal Church or with the moral life which the Church enjoined. The works of Lactantius,68 St. Augustine,69 and Gregory the Great,70 to mention only three of the authorities to whom ninth-century thinkers looked for guidance, accord in holding that the Christiana Religio was the faith and discipline which united all true believers and made them the temple of God. Following them, the Synod of Aachen (836) referred to the Church as the Christian religion when it wrote that taking its example from the ancient tradition of the Fathers, Christiana religio was building churches, erecting altars which it anointed with oil, and receiving the sacrifices of the Faithful.71 In his De Rhetorica, written for the instruction of Charlemagne himself, Alcuin discusses Christiana religio at length as a religious and ethical system set apart from philosophy by the faith and by baptism, but sharing with it the cultivation of wisdom, justice, fortitude, and temperance.72

The legend, XPISTIANA RELIGIO therefore, denotes the points of faith and discipline which characterized the Church, and the temple which that legend encircles can only represent the Church, the House of God. A fragmentary letter which Pope Nicholas I sent to the Emperor Louis II toward the middle of the ninth century illustrates this symbolic relationship, recalling incidentally the example of Charlemagne, the inaugurator of the XPISTIANA RELIGIO type: "Christianae religioni nihil officit, immo proficit, si caritate magistra divino intuitu cum exteris quibusque pro retnediis et securitate Christianorum placitum inieritis, cum constet non ob aliud id fieri, nisi ut fera saevicia eorum, quae in fideles unanimiter exardescit, aliquo modo refrenetur. Nam cum Salomonem cum alienigenis ad sanctam gloriam multiplicandam et ad templum Domino facilius construendum amiciciae foedera habuisse dominica sciamus referente istoria, quid mirum si pius imperator ad gloriam Dei et ad securitatem sanctae eclesiae, quae vere divinum est templum, cum exteris gentibus placitum confirmet, maxime cum piae memoriae Karolus [i.e., Charlemagne], atavus vester, nonnisi ad remedium et solatium Christianorum, qui in diversis locis inter eos tamquam grana inter paleas tundebantur, placitum cum eorum principe noscitur procul dubio perpetrasse." 13

The XPISTIANA RELIGIO type, therefore, attests to that devotion toward the Church which Einhard attributed to Charlemagne, and it witnesses likewise to the universal dominion conventionally ascribed to the Roman Emperor, dominion to which Charlemagne had title as the successor of Augustus. But since the institution of this type cannot be dated more precisely than 800–814, the period when Charlemagne was Emperor, the coin does not appreciably add to the body of knowledge concerning political or economic developments in that period. The piece is still a critical historical document without a date.

By way of contrast, the strong probability with which the MVNVS DIVINUM "medallion" can be dated and the interpretation of its symbolic type which that dating makes possible sharply illustrates political events and ideology in the reign of Louis the Pious. In another essay, I have given reasons for associating the MVNVS DIVINVM issue with a VITA ET VICTORIA issue of Lothaire I, represented by a copy in the Berlin cabinet (cat. 593), and for thinking that both series commemorated the Synod of Paris (825).74

That the extraordinary character of the two issues, in gold and in solidi, was unprecedented in Frankish coinage, but entirely harmonious with the late Roman and Byzantine series, indicates, we think, that the coins were part of the Frankish answer to a challenge from Byzantium in 824/5.

Since these conclusions were first published, Mr. Grierson has advanced an alternative dating for the two pieces.75 Accepting the Berlin piece as evidence of a medallion of Lothaire I closely related to the Munus Divinum issue, Mr. Grierson maintains that there were, in fact, three issues: an early issue of solidi in the Munus Divinum type by Louis the Pious on the occasion of his imperial coronation in 816, and subsequent issues of (heavier) medallions by Louis, in the same type, and by Lothaire I, in the Vita et Victoria type, on Lothaire's proclamation as co-emperor in 817. His reasons for discounting the date of 825 for the two joint issues are (1) that it is "plus logique" to identify the legend Munus Divinum with the wreath than with the central cross, since there is no connection between the cross and inscriptions in ordinary Carolingian issues, (2) that, once the association between cross and legend is removed, no reason exists for connecting the issue with the events of 825, and (3) that, if this is so, the relation of the issues to the two coronations is apparent, the wreath being a symbol of the imperial office. Mr. Grierson points out that the word munus occurs in contexts other than the records of the Synod of Paris (825), and that, in such instances, it often refers to the royal or imperial office, which, he argues, was conventionally represented by a wreath. Finally, he maintains that the Munus Divinum issue of Coenwulf of Mercia was an imitation of the issue of Louis the Pious, and that, since Coenwulf died in 821, the Carolingian prototype of his coin must obviously have been minted before that year.

The judgment of this distinguished numismatist commands respect, but we would venture to suggest the plausibility of another point of view,. As to terminology, the question is not properly whether the word munus occurs in other contexts, but in what contexts and with what meaning the highly specific term munus divinum occurs. The distinction between "office" and "Divine Office," apparent as it is, is all the more important since the term Munus Divinum is never applied to the imperial office and only once to the royal office, and then under the most unusual circumstances.76 Obviously, the designer of the Munus Divinum issue had a specific concept in mind when he planned its reverse legend; and, since the exact term commonly occurs only in the liturgical sense of the Sacred Host, there is every reason to think that he wished to employ that sense, and that he made his purpose clear by setting a cross in the center of his design, surrounding it with the victor's wreath, an ancient and conventional Christian design representing the victory of Christ over death. The argument that, in usual reverse types, the inscription refers to the mint city, or to some element other than the central cross, carries little conviction, since the Munus Divinum series is unlike ordinary issues in every way, and equally since there are in fact numerous reverse types in the Carolingian series, such as the Christiana Religio-temple type and the issues depicting city gates surrounded by the name of the mint city, in which the inscription identifies the central element in the design. Finally, the late imperial coins on which the issue was patterned serve as precedent for applying the term Munus Divinum to the cross; for the terms Salus Mundi and Salus Reipublicae on those issues indisputably refer to the central crosses and not to the intervening wreaths.

Thus, there is considerable reason for identifying the legend with the cross and consequently with the business before the Synod of Paris. The evidence of Coenwulf's imitation as a check on the 825 dating is difficult to interpret, since one could maintain on the same evidence that Coenwulf's issue was the prototype and Louis's the imitation.

Mr. Grierson is entirely right in maintaining that the unique heavier Munus Divinum piece (no. 514, weight 7.04 gr.), on which the diademed head faces left, must be distinguished from the more numerous pieces (no. 515, weight about 4.30 gr.), on which it faces to the right. (The original Vita et Victoria striking seems to have been closer to the heavier Munus Divinum issue, since, on the Berlin imitation, the head faces left.) Although other heads in Carolingian portrait coins face left (e. g., nos 643a, 1069), the trait is distinctly rare. The purpose of striking some heavier pieces thus distinguished from the ordinary portrait series may have in fact not been purely ceremonial, as our terming them "medallions" implies, but whether it was to create a new denomination superior to the solidus can not be presently determined. Mr. Grierson's position that the pieces in question appeared in two issues, the lighter in 816 and the heavier in 817, must be considered a highly educated hypothesis pending its substantiation with historical evidence.

The extraordinary character of the Munus Divinum and Vita et Victoria issues seem to argue for simultaneous striking, and the burden of evidence, historical, philological, liturgical, and even circumstantial, suggests that they were minted in 825. Such consensus of evidence is, however, unique in the Carolingian series. The proper interpretation of the Munus Divinum and the Vita et Victoria types depends upon their dating. Since the lack of evidence sufficient to date the XPISTIANA RELIGIO issue of Charlemagne and the other issues mentioned above clouds our understanding of their types, their value as historical evidence is proportionately diminished. Enquiries into the symbolism of Carolingian iconographical types are themselves severely restricted by the relatively small number of such types and by their very general symbolic content; and the results of such studies are correspondingly limited by the inability to relate iconographical types to specific historical contexts.

End Notes

52
The small place iconography held in Carolingian numismatics may have been determined by the opposition of some powerful ecclesiastics to representational art. For the present purposes, Agobard of Lyon's quotation from the Venerable Bede is especially apt: "Quibus verbis aperte declarator quod illae similitudines fieri prohibentur ab hominibus, quae in venerationem deorum alienorum facere solent impii, quaeque ad colendum atque adorandum gentilitas errabunda reperit. Caeterum simpliciter haec fieri nulla, ut reor, legis divinae litter a vetat. Alioquin et Dominus tentantibus se Pharisaeis de tributo Caesari reddendo, in quo nomen et imaginem Caesaris expressam esse dicebant, nequaquam ita responderet: 'Reddite quae sunt Caesaris Caesari, et quae sunt Dei Deo'. Sed potius eorum corrigeret errorem, dicens: 'Non licet vobis in percussura auri vestri imaginem facere Caesaris, quia talem sculpturam lex divina prohibet. Esset namque locus ut ostenso sibi numismate census hoc diceret, si in eo Caesaris imago, cujus idolotriae, et non ad judicium magis regiae potentiae, esset formata.'" Agobard, Liber de Imaginibus Sanctorum, c. 21, Migne, PL. 104, 217. See J. A. Cabaniss, Agobard of Lyon (Syracuse, 1953), p. 55. Cf. Walafrid Strabo, De exordiis, c. 8 (MGH Cap. Reg. Fr. II, p. 483): "Et fortasse, qui imperatoris fidelium veluti in nummo contempsit imaginem, ante tribunal ipsius protervitatis suae pariter et inquietudinis poenas exsolvit. Non enim levem iniuriam seculi potentes sibi putabant inlatam, si imaginem suam vel nomen in quolibet nomismate a subiectis despici cognoverint et calcari."
53
On the numismatic use of the monogram, see the Edict of Pétres (864), MGH Cap. Reg. Fr. II, p. 315, no. 273, c. 11: "Ut in denariis novae nostrae monetae ex una parte nomen nostrum habeatur in gyro et in medio nostri nominis monogramma: ex altera vero parte nomen civitatis et in medio crux habeatur." Cf. A. Blanchet," Hypothéses sur l'origine du monogramme carolingien," Congrés International de numismatique (1953), vol. VII (Paris,1957), pp. 335–339, who suggests that the Karolus monogram derived from fifth or sixth century Byzantine prototypes.
54
Libri Carolini, II, 28, MGH Conc. K. A. II, Suppl., p. 89.
55
Cf. Hincmar of Rheims, LV Capitula, c. 15, Migne PL. 126, 328: "Nam et ipsa crucis figura dilatatum ubique Domini significat regnum et monarchiam fidei ipsius signi, é" Pseudo-Alcuin, Liber de Divinis Officiis, c. 18, Migne PL. 101, 1208: "Nam ipsa crux magnum in se mysterium continet, cujus positio talis est, ut superior pars coelos petat, inferior terrae inker eat fixa, infernorum ima contigit; latitudo autem eius partes mundi appetat.... Jacens vero crux quattuor mundi partes appetit, orientem videlicet et occidentem, aquilonem et meridiem, quia et Christus per passionem suam omnes gentes ad se trahit, et omnia sibi subjugavit juxta quod ipse sur gens a mortuis dicit: 'Data est mihi omnis potestas in coelo et in terra.' " See also Amalarius, De ecclesiasticis officiis, I, 14, Migne PL. 105, 1028 ff., Einhard, Quaestio de adoranda cruce, MGH Epp. K. A. III, p. 149; and Rhabanus Maurus, De Laudibus S. Crucis, I, fig. 1, declaratio, Migne PL. 107, 143.
56
Cf. Edict of Pétres (864), MGH Cap. Reg. Fr. II, no. 273, p. 315, c. 13: ... sicut constitutum est de falsis monetariis in libro IV. capitulorum XXXIII.capitulo, manum perdat, et ut sacrilegus ac pauperum spoliator publicae poenitentiae iudicio episcopali subiciatur." Ibid., c. 9, p. 314: Referring to the oaths of mint officials that they would discharge their offices faithfully, Charles commanded: "De quo sacramento quicunque comprobatus fuerit periuratus, et secundum legem mundanam ut periurus puniatur, sicut in capitulari decessorum ac progenitorum nostrorum continetur in fine capituli decimi ex tertio libro, et secundum legem ecclesiasticam publicae poenitentiae subigatur."
57
On the general principles of political thought alluded to here, see A. J. Carlyle, A History of Medieval Political Theory in the West, I (London, 1930), pp. 210 ff.; H. Fichtenau, Das karolingische Imperium (Zurich, 1949); E. H. Kantorowicz, Laudes Regiae: A Study in Liturgical Acclamations and Mediaeval Ruler Worship (Berkeley, 1946).
58
Cf. W. Hévernick, "Hamburg als karolingische Ménzstétte," Hamburger Beitrége zur Numismatik, I (1947/51), p. 12, n. 13: Referring to the XPISTIANA RELIGIO type of Prou 1055, Hévernick writes: "Eine Zuweisung an Kénig Ludwig den Jéngeren ist unwahrscheinlich, an Kénig Ludwig das Kind unméglich, da solche Reichsdenare auch von Kénig Karl III. und Kénig Arnulf nicht mehr vorliegen." See Catalogue, nos. 1523–1531, 1540–1543, 1570.
59
M. Prou, op. cit., p. xi.
60
G. T. Rivoira, Lombardic Architecture, II (Oxford, 1910), p. 113.
61
J. E. Gaehde, "The Temple on Charlemagne's Imperial Coins: A Study in Architectural Symbolism," M. A. Thesis, New York City University (October, 1954).
62
Architectural Symbolism of Imperial Rome and the Middle Ages (Princeton, 1956), p. 97.
63
G. Bandmann, Mittelalterliche Architektur als Bedeutungstréger (Berlin, 1956), p. 97.
64
R. Gaettens, "Ménzen Karls d. Gr.," op. cit., p. 57.
65
P. E. Schramm, "Die Anerkennung Karls des Grossen als Kaiser: Ein Kapitel aus der Geschichte der mittelalterlichen 'Staatssymbolik," Historische Zeitschrift, 172 (1951), pp. 449 ff. H. Fallon, "Imperial Symbolism on Two Carolingian Coins," ANSMN VIII (1958), pp. 119–131.
66
Vélckers, op. cit., p. 14.
67
Vita Karoli, c. 26, MGH SS. in usum Schol., p. 30.
68
De Vera Sapientia et Religione, IV, 29, Migne PL. 6, 540.
69
De Civitate Dei, XVII, 4, Corpus Christianorum, vol. 48, p. 556. Ennarratio in Ps. CXXXI, 3. Migne PL. 37, 1717.
70
Homil. in Ezech. II, 10, 19. Migne PL. 76, 1069.
71
MGH Conc. K. A. II, p. 735, c. 23. Cf. Relatio Episcoporum (829), MGH Cap. Reg. Fr. II, p. 28, no. 196, c. 1: "Primum fundamentum christianae religionis est fides catholica, hoc est, credere in Patrem et Filium et Spiritum Sanctum, unum et verum Deum, trinum in personis et unum in substantia..."
72
Ed. K. von Halm, Rhetores Latini Minores (Leipzig, 1863), pp. 548 f., c. 44.
73
MGH Epp. K. A. IV, pp. 351 f., no. 54. Cf. Alcuin, MGH Poet. Lat., I, p. 235, no. 10, vv. 1–8: "Urbs aeterna dei, terrae sal, lumina mundi, / Bis sex signa poli, menses et ter quater anni, / Atque diei horae, lapidesque in stemmate Christi, / Vestra aperire polum poterit vel claudere lingua. / Doctores vitae, magnae et medicinae salutis, / Vos fontes vivi, paradisi et flumina sacra; / Vos decus ecclesiae, populi spes, ianua lucis; / Inclita progenies, Salomonis nobile templum." Such references to the Church as the "House of God," or the "Temple of God," are very common in Carolingian literature.
74
"The Gold Medallions of Louis the Pious and Lothaire I and the Synod of Paris (825)," Speculum, 36 (1961), pp. 592–599.
75
P. Grierson, "La date des monnaies d'or de Louis le Pieux," Le Moyen Age (1963). pp. 67–74.
76
See MGH Epp. III, no 35, p. 542, a, the letter of Pope Paul I to Carloman and Charlemagne. It would be difficult to suggest that this obscure letter, of Roman provenance, written sixty years before the Synod of Paris (825), gives evidence of imperial terminology in the Gaul of Louis the Pious. Indeed, the letter does not even mention the imperial office.

METROLOGY

Like coin finds and the interpretation of types, numismatic metrology leaves the question of attribution unresolved. If one accepts the tentative attributions suggested by find evidence and by typology, however, one can deduce from metrology much concerning the general monetary policies of the Carolingian rulers; but it must always be acknowledged that such deductions are only as secure as the attributions.

The point of departure for any study of Carolingian metrology must be the monetary reform of Charlemagne. Despite disagreement about its date, scholars agree that the monetary reform of Charlemagne was one of the major turning-points in mediaeval economic history; for the new weight standards introduced then were the basis of numismatic metrology well into the later Middle Ages, in Scandinavia as well as in the lands which the great Charles once ruled. There is, however, no scholarly agreement on the circumstances which prompted the reform or on the nature of the reform itself.

Among the probable goals which Charlemagne designed his new currency to serve may have been greater ease and elegance in reckoning, a purpose no doubt favored by the calculatores whom the King took with him from Rome to Francia in 787.77 But to appraise the significance of the critical element in the reform, the increase in the weights of all moneys, one must refer to the historical pressures which actually urged the reform and the practical goals they inspired. Unfortunately, these can perhaps never be fully known or appreciated; even the precise year of the reform is in doubt. Dopsch suggested that the effort was meant to restore confidence in official coinage, which he believed had been undermined in some way by the earlier Merovingian gold issues.78 More recently, Bolin has proposed that the full increase in the weight of the standard coin, the denarius, was not achieved in 790, but rather that it was constant throughout the ninth century, ending only in the reign of Charles the Simple. He further proposes that the changes in weight were more or less involuntary adaptations by Charlemagne and his successors to changes of the ratio of gold/silver values in the Arab world.79 But the basis for neither of these arguments is clear. That confidence in a gold currency should have been weak and easily transferred to silver is not very likely, and there is no evidence either in archaeological or in literary remains that commercial contact between the Carolingians and Islam was so steady and considerable as to produce the change Bolin describes. By the same token, one cannot at present determine whether the precursor of the Caroline pound was the Islamic silver pound, as Bolin and others have proposed,80 or an indigenous Germanic standard.

Mr. Grierson has probably come very close to the true historical cause of the reform by referring to the rupture between Charlemagne and Offa in 790.81 It is explicitly recorded that the break was so sharp that in 790 no merchants went between Mercia and Francia. Until that time, Offa and the Carolingians struck upon the same weight standard, and there is some evidence that coins of Offa and Pippin circulated together on the Continent.82 As to the precise year of the reform, the fact that Louis the Pious issued coins in the first style of his father, and that these primitive issues circulated side by side, as the Krinkberg deposit proves, shows convincingly that the new issues cannot have been instituted before 781, the year of Louis's consecration as King of Aquitaine; and the contents of the Ilanz II find also prove that the earlier types of Charlemagne were predominant in circulation just after 790. There can be no question, therefore, that the reform did not occur before 790, and the historical evidence that 790 was the actual year of the reform is most compelling.

Among the motives which must have prompted Charlemagne's reform may be listed imperial aspirations, which would naturally have promoted a standard and distinctive coinage for all the lands governed by the aspirant; but the raising of the monetary standard above the Anglo-Saxon, the adoption of aniconographical types, unlike the Anglo-Saxon, and the commercial breach with Offa, all occurring simultaneously suggest very strongly that primary among the historical goals of the reform was the establishment of the monetary integrity of the Frankish realm. In fact, no Anglo-Saxon coins—virtually no foreign coins of any kind – occur in ninth-century finds unearthed in the former bounds of the Empire.83

Since Franéois LeBlanc opened the question in the seventeenth century, some distinguished numismatists have attempted to ascertain the metrological system through which Charlemagne sought to establish that monetary integrity. Their estimates of his new monetary pound have ranged from 366.57 gr. (Blancard) to 491.179 gr. (Prou); LeBlanc, the initiator of the enquiry, proposed 367.13 gr., and Professor Naster, who has discussed the problem most recently, suggested 409.248 gr. Insufficient evidence has brought most of these estimates to the level of hypothesis, for most of them have been deduced from the weights of a few coins of quite different provenances and even of different rulers. A decade ago, Professor Naster drew attention to this faulty methodology by attempting to assess the weight of the monetary pound from the weights of pieces which occurred in the finds of Zelzate and Muizon-lez-Malines, a technique which brought his work both authority and exactitude.

The starting point for all work in Carolingian numismatic metrology must be the contemporary literary remains. The few relevant sources state explicitly and concisely that there were two denominations of measure, the denarius and the solidus, that the solidus was equivalent to twelve denarii, and that the pound consisted of two hundred-forty denarii.84 There is no mention in extant documents of the smallest denomination, the obolus, though it appears to have been commonly struck. Beyond this, the sources admit of ambiguity. One document, an edict of Pippin, commands that twenty-two solidi be struck to the pound,85 but the proportion of twelve denarii to the solidus, which other sources specify, indicates that there were only twenty solidi to the pound (240 denarii = 1 pound = 20 solidi). Moreover, this reckoning is explicitly substantiated by a decree of Charlemagne issued before his reform, while he was still striking on the monetary system of his father.86 Secondly, the sources mention the denarius as a standard of weight and of value, even though there were differences, sometimes quite appreciable ones, in the weights of individual coins from the same issue and, as we shall see, in the weight standards maintained by the Carolingian rulers. Finally, values are prescribed in terms of denarii and solidi, sometimes, as in the Polyptychon of Irminon, in terms both of denarii and of solidi, even though the solidus was not actually struck by Carolingians. (The Munus Divinum issue of Louis the Pious may be an exception.) Numismatists have not yet attempted to clarify these ambiguities, and the divergent estimates of the weight of the Carolingian pound derive in part from such fundamental obscurities as these.

The sources themselves suggest the required clarification; for, referring to solidi and denarii jointly, they indicate that the denarius, like the solidus, was an abstract standard of value, and, in fact, that there were two kinds of denarii, the denarius which served as a money of account, and that which served as a struck coin. When values and weights were expressed in terms of denarii, therefore, the assessors referred, not to the struck denarius, the weight of which was too variable to be meaningful in such a context, but to the abstract, standard denarius-weight. This point is important in determining the weight of the Caroline pound, for it indicates that one must search, not for one figure, as scholars have hitherto done, but for two: the standard pound applied in mintage and the pound upon which payments were reckoned by tally. These pounds may be termed the bullion, or mint pound, and the account pound. The fluctuations in the weight frequencies of the coinage struck by Louis the Pious and his successors indicated the variability of the account pound; but the relatively narrow scope of those fluctuations and the consistent fineness of silver content reveal the persistance of the same mint pound throughout the ninth century.

If the supposition of a mint denarius, distinct from the actual coin, solves the last two of the three ambiguities mentioned above, the supposition of a mint pound likewise clarifies the first ambiguity observed, the allegation of twenty-two solidi to the pound by one document and that of twenty solidi to the pound by other sources. In his edict, Pippin commanded that twenty-two solidi be struck from every pound of metal, and that two of these should be disposed of, one going to the moneyer and the other to "the lord." Here, Pippin was concerned to specify the allowance for the profit and the costs of mintage, and to limit these to ten per cent of the total mint production. The pound of twenty-two solidi therefore corresponds with the mint pound, and the remaining twenty solidi composed the account pound of 240 denarii.

With these fundamental distinctions and proportions in mind, it is possible to supply other data relating to Charlemagne's monetary pound. The principal evidence is the body of surviving coins, and we must now turn to a survey of these remains.

Since a preliminary statement of these conclusions was published, Dr. Suchodolski has pubhshed yet another effort to ascertain the weight of the monetary pound Charlemagne instituted about 790;87 and his essay requires an elaboration of our earlier comments. It is indeed a hopeful sign that gifted scholars in eastern Europe have increasingly turned their attention to problems concerning their western colleagues; we can only hope that western scholars will encourage such interest when it appears and even, if posssible, return the compliment. Dr. Suchodolski's essay claims merit on two counts: first, it confirms, by a new method, the conclusions suggested by Professor Naster and later, with some variation, by me about the weight of Charlemagne's pound; and, second, it publishes in the West the method Dr. Suchodolski employed, current among numismatists in Poland but hitherto neglected by western scholars in general and perhaps even unknown to most of them. Of these, the second is by far the more important. His conclusions that the standard weight of the denarius of Charlemagne's reform was about 1.70 gr. or 1.714 gr., and that the weight of the pound was, respectively, 408.00 gr. or 411.36 gr. is entirely in line with the consensus previously established. Since Dr. Suchodolski has promised a further study of the problem, we may defer fuller comment on this aspect of his work pending the appearance of his more mature conclusions.

The strength of the essay under review lies in two aspects of its methodology: the use of three frequency tables for the same body of coins and the determination by formula of a precise modal weight. By describing three charts, one on the scale of 0.05 gr. (from 1.26 gr. to 1.86 gr.) and two on the scale of 0.10 gr. (one from 1.21 gr. to 1.91 gr. and the other from 1.26 gr. to 1.86 gr., erroneously marked 1.26, 1.36, 1.46, 1.56, 1.61, 1.71, 1.81), the author has shown three times that the peak frequency of his specimen coins occurs at about 1.71 gr.—between 1.66 gr., and 1.71 gr., between 1.61 gr. and 1.71 gr., and between 1.66 gr. and 1.76 gr.—but he has also clearly suggested the possibility that, on different scales, the same body of coins may indicate a variety of peaks. For greater precision in ascertaining the modal weights, Dr. Suchodolski introduced the formula devised and first used by his compatriot, Zabinski:

image where MO is the model weight; xk, the lower figure of the band showing peak frequency; mk, the number of coins tallied in that band; (mk – 1), the number of coins tallied in the band just preceeding the peak band in the progression of the scale; (mk+1), the number of coins tallied in the band immediately following the peak band; and h, the actual scale (e. g., 0.05 gr. or 0.10 gr.).

The contribution Dr. Suchodolski has made is in his emphasis on methodological precision and in his suggestion that the metrologies of different series issued by the same ruler might profitably be isolated from each other. Following his suggestion, we have dressed the following frequency charts for ninth-century series which survive in bulk large enough to be statistically instructive. Two charts, those for Charles the Simple (Gratia series) and an Emperor Charles (Imperator Augustus series), are suggestive, but not conculsive, because the number of available specimen coins is but marginally representative. In four charts (Lothaire I, Temple series; Charles the Bald, Carolus Rex and Temple series; and the issues of Louis II/III), the scale of 0.05 gr. has proven unsatisfactory because conducive to bimodalism or to a "plateau" instead of to one peak band; these difficulties did not appear on the scale of 0.10 gr. Three large series have not entered these computations because of their peculiar difficulties of attribution: the Christiana Religio series in the name of Louis the Pious, the Dorestatus-Moneta-Temple type in the name of Lothaire I, and the Gratia-Dei-Rex issue in the name of Charles, to the last of which we have devoted a separate chart.

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From these charts, the lines of historical development and the mathematical flexibility of the account pound indicated in our earlier remarks become eminently apparent. The reader will have noticed that the issues of Lothaire I and the temple-type of Charles the Bald, which one has good reason to suppose were struck late in the reign of their father or in the troubled years just after his death (see above, p. 5), show a marked reduction in weight from the standard of Charlemagne, and that the coinage of Louis the Pious himself, in the portrait series, shows a reduction in weight from Charlemagne's standard. Louis the Pious had, in his issues with the linear reverse, raised somewhat his father's limit, and the decrease in weight shown in his portrait series, in the linear reverse series of Lothaire I, and in the other issues of Lothaire I and of the temple-types of Charles the Bald can only be taken as reflecting the great adversities which darkened the last years of Louis's reign. The increase in weight by Odo, and the standards previously kept by Louis II and his sons, Carloman and Louis III, must be judged in connection with the standard of about 1.71 gr., indicated by the chart of Gratia-Dei-Rex types (Table XVII), many of which were doubtless struck under Charles the Bald after his reform of 864. They indicate the revival of trade and the re-establishment of civil order which Charles the Bald did achieve despite Varangian attacks, invasions by his brother, Louis the German, and the aggrandizement of an ambitious nobility. In this context, the break in the pattern of stability intruded by the apparent reduction of the standard by the "Emperor Charles" might well be taken as evidence that Charles the Fat was the author of the series in that style, for his reign was more troubled than Charles the Bald's, and his power less firmly established in the lands where these issues were struck. Moreover, Charles the Bald was emperor for only one year, and spent most of that time in Italy; Charles the Fat held the imperial title for six years, and spent much time in the lands represented by the "coins in the name of an Emperor Charles." But these circumstances do not warrant an unqualified attribution.

At any rate, the standard of 1.60 gr., on the evidence of the issues of Lothaire I and the Temple-types of Charles the Bald, seems to have been the line which divided normal issues from "emergency" issues of reduced weight, and the tolerance of the account pound was apparently 0.15 gr. above that line and 0.15 gr. below it. As we have seen, Charlemagne's earliest coins were struck to a standard of about 1.30 gr., and it is reasonable to suppose that the lower tolerance of the pound he instituted about 790 could not have been extended much below 1.45 gr. without precipitating complete remonetization by wholly discrediting the exceptionally light issues and reviving the standard of the primitive series.

The upper limit achieved by applying the formula of reckoning modal weights (1.74 gr.) indicates the probable weight of the mint pound. Assuming that the original denominations continued to be struck under Louis the Pious and Odo, 240 denarii at 1.74 gr. each yield an account pound of 417.74 gr. Adding the weight of 2 sohdi (24 denarii) to account for costs and profits of mintage, one establishes 459.36 gr. as the mint pound. Dieudonné in his work and I in a previous essay added the weight of only 12 denarii (1 solidus) to the account pound on the supposition that, though the decree of Pippin states that twenty-two solidi were struck to the pound, it also commands that the moneyer keep one of them and give 21 to "the lord." On reflection, I judge it far more reasonable to reckon to the mint pound the number of solidi actually struck from it.

The following table shows the range of variation in the weights of the account pounds, modal weights of denarii (as deduced by the formula Dr. Suchodolski transmits), ounces, and solidi, together with the weights in silver supposedly taken for costs and profits of mintage and the corresponding percentages. Though the number of ounces in the Carolingian pound has been disputed (e.g., Prou, p, xl, wrote that it consisted of 12 ounces), the schedule of levies stated in a capitulary of 780 (see p. 35, n. 84) suggests a pound of 15 ounces. It indicates that one solidus = 3/4 ounce (or half of 11/2 ounces), and consequently that 20 solidi = 1 pound = 15 ounces. The figures in Table XVIII are based on this deduction.

Table XVIII All weights are in grams.
ACCOUNT POUND AVERAGE WEIGHT OF THE MODAL STEP RULER TYPE AND CHART OUNCE SOLIDUS WEIGHT LESS THAN MINT POUND (459.36 gr.) % LESS THAN MINT POUND
417.74 1.74 Louis the Pious Linear B 27.85 20.88 41.76 9.1%
Odo Gratia A
415.00 1.73 Louis the Pious Linear A/C 27.66 20.76 44.36 9.6%
Odo Gratia B
408.00 1.71 Odo Gratia C 27.20 20.40 51.00 11.1%
405.60 1.69 Carloman A/C 27.00 20.28 53.76 11.7%
Louis II/III C
403.20 1.68 Louis the Pious Portrait A 26.85 20.16 56.16 12.2%
400.80 1.67 Charlemagne A 26.72 20.04 58.56 12.7%
Carloman B
Louis II/III B
398.40 1.66 Charlemagne B 26.56 19.92 60.96 13.0%
Odo Misericordia A
396.00 1.65 Louis the Pious Portrait C 26.40 19.80 63.36 14.0%
Charles the Bald Carolus Rex B
Odo Misericordia B/C
395.60 1.64 Charlemagne C 26.37 19.68 64.76 14.5%
ACCOUNT POUND AVERAGE WEIGHT OF THE MODAL STEP RULER TYPE AND CHART OUNCE SOLIDUS WEIGHT LESS THAN MINT POUND (459.36 gr.) % LESS THAN MINT POUND
Louis the Pious Portrait B
Charles the Bald Carolus Rex C
384.00 1.60 Emperor Charles Carolus Imp. C 25.60 19.20 75.36 16.4%
Carolus Imp. Avg. C
381.60 1.59 Lothaire I Linear C 25.44 19.08 77.76 16.9%
379.20 1.58 Lothaire I Linear A 25.28 18.96 80.16 17.4%
Charles the Bald Temple B
Emperor Charles Carolus Imp. B
Carolus Imp. Avg B
369.60 1.54 Lothaire I Linear B 24.64 18.48 89.76 19.5%
Charlesthe Bald Temple C
361.40 1.51 Lothaire I Temple C 24.08 18.07 97.96 21.0%
357.60 1.49 Charles the Simple Gratia C 23.84 17.88 101.76 22.1%
352.80 1.47 Lothaire I Temple B 23.51 17.64 106.96 23.2%
328.80 1.37 Emperor Charles Imp. Avg. B 21.92 16.44 130.56 28.3%

Mint Pound: 459.36 (264 denarii at 1.74 gr.)

Mint Ounce: 30.62 gr.

Mint Solidus: 20.88 gr.

In surveying these figures, or indeed any aspects of Carolingian metrology, one must remember that mediaeval methods of computation were not so accurate as are modem scales and formulas. The differences in modal weights which our frequency charts show for individual issues are not on the whole matters of great concern. Charlemagne's moneyers would quite possibly have been unaware of the fact if particular issues had varied, on the scale of difference in our charts, by 0.03 gr. per coin, or even by 3.00 gr. per pound. But the greatest variation—0.05 gr. per coin, and 12.00 gr. per pound, in the charts for the linear-reverse series of Lothaire I (a difference of 2% in the costs and profits of mintage)—is sufficient to remind the numismatist that, in analyzing Carolingian metrology, his own calculations can only approximate the proportions as they were; and the variations in the weight of the denarius during the ninth century provide a further warning against dogmatic precision by showing that the metrology of the account pound was in constant change. Only with these limitations in mind can we describe the fluctuations in the account pound from the time Charlemagne instituted his reforms until the disorders of the early tenth century threatened to overturn the Carolingian monetary system and the dynasty together, fluctuations which reflect as exactly as the words of chroniclers the variable fortunes of the later Carolingians.

One form of evidence remains to be mentioned: the extant monetary weights. Five such pieces are known. The lightest of them (35 gr.) was discovered in St. Quentin early in the twentieth century. Three others, weighing 283.65 gr., 226.01 gr., and 70.535 gr., preserved at the Rijksmuseum van Oudheiden, at Leiden, were discovered in the mid-nineteenth century in excavations at Dorestadt,88 and still another, also discovered at Dorestadt, weighing 174.42 gr., is kept in the Bibliothéque Royale (Cabinet des Medailles) in Brussels.89 That these objects were in fact monetary weights, and not "trial pieces in lead" for regular mint issues, is indicated by their similarity in form to other contemporary weights,90 especially by their similarity to the "Alfred weight," an English lead block which, like them, was stamped with monetary types.91

The interpretation of this evidence is extremely problematical, due both to the physical deterioration which the weights have suffered, and to the fluctuations in the account pound which we have described. Indeed, we must conclude with Hilligar that any correlation of these pieces within a precise metrological system is impossible.

Charlemagne's mint pound (ca. 459.36 gr.) remained constant throughout the ninth century, but as indicated, this pound of account (ca. 400.00 gr.) experienced several wide variations. In another place, we have discussed the historical evidence which we think indicates that the fluctuations in the weight of the account pound during the ninth century and at the beginning of the tenth were prompted by the immediate policies, or by the financial needs of the Frankish kings, and not by variations in the value of precious metals on the world market. In particular, there is no evidence to support the thesis that Charlemagne's monetary reform and the changes in coin weight instituted by his successors resulted from fluctuations in the gold/silver ratio in the Arab world.92

In view of the grave civil disorders and natural disasters of the ninth century, the stability maintained by the Carolingian monetary system is astounding. One would have been perfectly warranted in assuming, as some have done, that amidst such circumstances, the currency must have been devalued and debased, and that inflation must have been pronounced.33 Numismatic evidence, however, indicates quite to the contrary that the mint pound, the general weight standards, and the metallic content of coins as instituted by Charlemagne were maintained by his successors for more than a century. To be sure, there were variations within that metrological system; but the system itself remained unchanged, and coins of nearly pure silver and good weight continued to be struck during the whole period, evidence that Charlemagne had indeed established at least in coinage that unity of the Frankish people toward which he strove.

Conclusions

From the numismatic remains of the Carolingian era, some positive information concerning monetary history can be deduced and especially concerning numismatic metrology. Deductions from numismatic evidence alone, however, are only as certain as are the dating and attribution of that evidence; and the whole body of written and archaeological materials available for ascribing ninth and tenth century numismatic remains to particular years and rulers is so slight that, in many instances, it leads only to general—or even to hypothetical—conclusions.

Among the major achievements of the Carolingian Renaissance, should surely be numbered the monetary system instituted by Charlemagne and continued by his successors; for, together with contemporary accomplishments in law, theology, belles-lettres, and the plastic arts, it enhanced the lustre of the Frankish state. Coins are as much monuments of this cultural revival as are illuminated manuscripts, the hymns of Theodulf, the compilation of Pseudo-Isidore, or the discourses of Alcuin and Rhabanus Maurus. And yet, they are monuments only: historians "wait for light but behold obscurity."94

End Notes

92
Bolin, op. cit., pp. 250 f.; K. F. Morrison, "Numismatics and Carolingian Trade: A Critique of the Evidence," Speculum, 38 (1963), pp. 403–432.
93
Doehaerd, op. cit., p.18.
94
Isaias 59:9.

End Notes

77
Monk of Angouléme, Vita Caroli Magni, Bouquet, V, p. 185.
78
A. Dopsch, Die Wirtschaftsentwicklung der Karolingerzeit, II (Weimar, 1922), p. 309.
79
S. Bolin, "Mohammed, Charlemagne, and Runric," Scandinavian Economic History Review, 1 (1953), pp. 14 ff.
80
E.g., R. Doehaerd, "Les reformes monétaires carolingiennes," Annales: Economies, Sociétés, Civilisations, 7 (1952), pp. 18 f. A. Lewis, The Northern Seas (Princeton, 1958,) pp. 226f. This thesis was already present in the mid-nineteenth century, when A. Soetbeer refuted it, "Beitrége zur Geschichte des Geld- und Ménzwesens in Deutschland, IV," Forschungen zur deutschen Geschichte, 4 (1866), 332. His comment is still a valid description of the find evidence: "Allein der Voraussetzung jenes Zusammenhangs steht der Umstand entgegen, dass, wéhrend, wie schon bemerkt, so héufig auch arabische Silberménzen, meistens aus spéterer Zeit, im nérdlichen Europa bei Entdeckung vergrabener Schétze aus dem zehnten bis zwélften Jahrhundert sich vorfinden, in den Léndern des frénkischen Reichs keine Summen vergrabener Dirhems, allein oder in Verbindung mit frénkischen Denaren des achten oder aus dem Anfange des neunten Jahrhunderts, gefunden worden sind; selbst unter den vielen verschiedenen zu Domburg und Wyk te Duerstede entdeckten Ménzen aus den Zeiten vor und unter Karl d. Gr. scheinen arabische Dirhems nicht vorgekommen zu sein. Diese Wahmehmung spricht entscheiden gegen die Annahme eines Einflusses des arabischen Ménzwesens auf die Ménzreform unter Karl d. Gr."
81
P. Grierson, "Cronologia," op. cit., pp. 75 ff.
82
Cf. NC 1844, p. 104, which registers "a penny of Offa without the portrait and a penny of Pepin, found at Rome," perhaps evidence of a coin deposit. Mr. R. H. M. Dolley kindly drew my attention to this entry.
83
There are six exceptions: two dirhems, the later struck by Harun al-Rashid in 790, which were found in the Ilanz II deposit (F. Jecklin "Der langobardisch-karolingische Ménzfund bei Ilanz," Mitteilungen der bayerischen numismatischen Gesellschaft, 25 [1906], 71 f.); the dirhem of Harun al-Rashid, which was part of the Biebrich find (A. Cahn, Versteigerungs-Katalog, no. 42 [1922], no. 512. Professors Peter Berghaus and Philip Grierson brought this entry to my attention.), two dirhems (struck between 846 and 861) in the Odoorn find (Boeles, op. cit., p. 73), and a dirhem (dated 866) supposedly from the find of Muizon-lez-Malines (H. Roosens in RBN 1950, pp. 203–208). As the Muizon-les-Malines find was dispersed and reassembled over a long space of time, the pedigree of the later dirhem attributed to it is by no means impeccable.
84
Cap. Saxon. (797), c. 11, MGH Cap. Reg. Fr. I, p. 72: "In argento duodecim denarios solidum faciant." Cap. Legi Addita (816), c. 3, MGH Cap. Reg. Fr. I, p. 268: "Ut omnis solutio adque conpositio, que lege Salica continetur in Francia per duodecim denariorum solidos conponatur...." Cap. Legibus Addit. (803), c. 9, MGH Cap. Reg. Fr. I, no. 39, p. 114: "Omnia debita, quae ad partem regis solvere debent, solidis duodecim denariorum solvant, excepto freda quae in lege Saliga scripta est; ilia eodem solido quo caeterae compositiones solvi debent componatur." This reckoning, of course, was standard long before the 790 reform. Cf. the Cap. Liftinense (743), c. 2, MGH Cap. Reg. Fr. I, no. 11, p. 28, and the Concilium Liftinense (743), c. 2, MGH Conc. K. A. I, no. 2, p. 7. That there were twenty solidi to the pound is not established in documents after 790, but it may be deduced from an earlier (780) capitulary. MGH Cap. Reg. Fr. I, no. 21, p. 52: "Et unusquisque episcopus aut abbas vel abbatissa, qui hoc facere potest, libram de argento in elemosinam donet, mediocres vero mediam libram, minores solidos quinque ... Et qui redimere voluerit, fortiores comites uncias tres, mediocres unciam et dimidiam, minores solidum unum." As Charlemagne appears to have left the reckoning proportions of the earlier system unchanged in his major reform, one may surmise that he continued to calculate twenty solidi to the pound. Two recent papers submitted to the American Numismatic Society in its Summer Seminar have treated the question of the Caroline pound with conclusions which approximate those stated in the present essay. Miss Maureen A. Fennell ("Carolingian Monetary Policy in Italy: 774–814") deduced a reform pound of 405.72 gr., consisting of fifteen ounces, and Miss Anne Fox ("The North Italian Coinage of Otto I and the Honorantiae Civitatis Papiae") maintained that the pound weighed 434.4 gr. or 435.9 gr. The manuscripts of these essays are filed at the American Numismatic Society.
85
In addition to the sources cited above, n. 84, see a capitulary of Pippin, MGH Cap. Reg. Fr. I, no. 13, p. 32, c. 5: "De moneta constituimus similiter ut amplius non habeat in libra pensante nisi XXII solidos, et de ipsis XXII solidis monetarius accipiat solidum I, et illos alios domino cuius sunt reddat" From this source, Prou concluded, "Pepin avait fixé la valeur de la livre é vingtdeux sols." Monnaies carolingiennes, p. xxix. And some scholars have surmised that the monetary pound under Pippin consisted of 264 denarii (e.g., H. H. Vélckers, op. cit., p. 32). The document deals with the number of solidi to be struck from a pound of silver (the mint pound) not with the number to be reckoned to a pound in business negotiations (the account pound); and one should allow about 10 per cent as the monetary charge, or the profits of mintage. Cf. a ninth century comment, wrongly attributed to Isidore of Seville, in F. Hultsch, Metrologicorum Scriptorum Reliquiae, II (Leipzig, 1866), p. 139: "Iuxta Gallos vigesima pars unciae denarius est, et duodecim denarii solidum reddunt. Ideoque iuxta nummerum denariorum tres unciae quinque solidos complent. Sic et quinque solidi in tres uncias redeunt. Nam duodecim unciae libram XX solidos continentem efficiunt. Sed veteres solidum qui nunc aureus dicitur nuncupabant." This comment, however, does not correspond mathematically with the terms of the 780 decree, according to which 5 solidi = 38/4 oz. = 1/4 lb., and 20 solidi = 15 oz. = 1 lb.
86
See above, n. 84.
87
S. Suchodolski, "Le Poids des monnaies de Charlemagne émises aprés la reforme," Dona Numismatica (Festschrift W. Hévernick), eds. P. Berghaus and G. Hatz (Hamburg, 1965), pp. 43–50. On the practice of compensating for supposed weight losses through wear, as used by Dr. Suchodolski, see the reservations in P. Grierson, "Coin Wear and the Frequency Table," Presidential Address at the Annual Meeting of the Royal Numismatic Society, NC 1963, pp. i–xvi.
88
L. J. F. Janssen in Oudheidkundige mededelingen (1842), pp. 49 ff., with plate; J. H. Holwerda, "Opgravingen von Dorestad," Oudheidkundige Mededeelinggen uit het Rijksmuseum van Oudheiden te Leiden , 11 (1930), pp. 83 f., with photograph (no weights given). With extraordinary kindness, Dr. G. van der Meer, of the Koninklijk Kabinet van Munten, The Hague, discovered the location of the Leiden weights, which were reweighed at the Rijksmuseum van Oudheiden. Their description is as follows: Inv. W. D. 780, with stamp of Christiana Religio, diameter 5–5.3 cm., weight 283.65 gr. Inv. W. D. 781, with stamp of Frankish denier with legend PARIS/II, diameter 4.7–4.9 cm., weight 226.01 gr. Inv. W. D. 782, with stamp of Louis the Pious and Christiana Religio, diameter 3.4 cm., weight 70.535 gr. In his "Die Duursteder Karolingergewichte und der Ursprung des mittelalterlichen Pfundes," Blétter fér Ménzfreunde, 62 (1927), pp. 161–167, B. Hilliger rendered the weights 284 gr., 226 gr., and 70.5 gr. but Luschin gave them as 184 gr., 183.5 gr., and 126 gr. In his initial publication, Janssen stated them as being 285 gr., 227 gr., and 177 gr. The last figure must have been an inadvertent error.
89
Prou, op. cit., p. xl. M. M. Thirion, of the Bibliothéque Royale de Belgique, with his usual courtesy, discovered at my request that the Brussels weight is one of those published by Janssen, op. cit. He also sent the following description of the piece, the preservation of which is so poor as to thwart photography: It measures 56 mm. in diameter and stands 7.6 mm. high, except in the center, where a piece of lead fixed to the surface raises it to 9 mm.
90
Cf. B. Kisch, "Weights and Scales in Medieval Scandinavia," Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 14 (1959) pp. 160–168. The evidence of Italian weights inscribed Caroli Pondus is, as Prou observed, so various and contradictory that it cannot be brought to bear directly upon problems of Carolingian metrology. They do not conform to a single weight system, and the inscriptions on some of them are patently later than the Carolingian, or even than the mediaeval, period. (See Prou, Monnaies carolingiennes, pp. xxxviii ff.). Through the kindness of the Bibliotheca apostolica Vaticana, I am able to add two pieces of this genre: No. 5559: Bronze weight, diam. 38.5 mm., height 11 mm., weight 109 gr. Circular inscription: +CAROLIPODVS [sic.]. No. 5560: Bronze weight, diam. 36 mm., height 5 mm., weight 40 gr. Circular inscription: +CAROLIPONDVS. I am indebted to Father Guy Ferrari and to Dr. Michelini Tocci, of the Vatican Library, for this data.
91
R. H. M. Dolley, "A Piedfort Lead Trial-piece of Edward the Confessor," British Numismatic Journal, 27 (1953), pp. 176f, pl. VI, no. 1.

THE CATALOGUE

Key to Abbreviations Used in the Catalogue

Belli Coll. — Collection of Dr. Ludwig Belli, sold by S. Rosenberg, Frankfurt a.M., Nov. 1904.
Berghaus — Peter Berghaus, "Die ostfriesischen Ménzfunde," Friesisches Jahrbuch (1958), pp. 9–70.
Bigot, RN 1855 — A. Bigot, "Notice sur quelques monnaies bretonnes inédites," RN 1855, pp. 38–45.
Blaser-Frey — Sales Catalogue of Helga P. R. Blaser-Frey, Freiburg i.B. June 1963.
Blunt, BNJ 1948 — C. E, Blunt, "Four Italian Coins Imitating Anglo-Saxon Types," BNJ 1948, pp. 282–285.
BMS — R. H. M. Dolley and K. F. Morrison, Sylloge of Carolingian Coins in the British Museum (London, 1965).
Bordeaux, RBN 1893 — P. Bordeaux, "Les monnaies de Tréves pendant la période carolingienne," RBN 1893, pp. 279–343.
Bordeaux Coll. — Bordeaux Collection sold at Hétel Drouot, April 26, 1926.
Bourgey — Sales Catalogue of Emile Bourgey, Paris. Dec. 1964.
Bourquelot, RN 1838 — F. Bourquelot, "Monnoies de Provins," RN 1838, pp. 35–46.
Bretagne, RN 1854 — A. Bretagne, "Denier frappé é Laon par Charles-de-Loraine, comme roi de France 987–990," RN 1854, pp. 61–66.
Cahn — Sales Catalogue of A. E. Cahn, Frankfurt a.M.
April 1899 (H. Grote Collection).
June 1903 (H. Dannenberg Collection).
April 1912 (Th. Kirsch Collection).
March 1913 (Freiherr v. B. in D. Collection).
April 1921 (Duplicates of the Férstenberg Cabinet at Donaueschingen).
Sept. 1921 (Duplicates of the Coin Cabinet at Darmstadt).
Dec. 1922.
Oct. 1924 (F. Friedensburg Collection).
March 1926 (Bowie, Philadelphia Collection).
Oct. 1926 (Duplicates of the Germanic Museum at Nuremberg).
April 1929 (Férstenberg Cabinet at Donaueschingen).
Oct. 1929 (Férstenberg Cabinet at Donaueschingen).
Feb. 1931 (Férstenberg Cabinet at Donaueschingen).
Sept. 1932 (Férstenberg Cabinet at Donaueschingen).
Dec. 1932 (De Saulcy Collection).
Feb. 1935 (W. Pieper Collection).
Fixed Price List No. 15: May 1897.
Fixed Price List No. 20: Jan. 1906.
Fixed Price List No. 26: May 1914.
Fixed Price List No. 31: 1934.
Cappe — Heinrich Philipp Cappe, Die Ménzen dev deutschen Kaiser und Kénige (Dresden, 1848–1857).
Carpentin, RN 1860 — A. Carpentin, "Quelques monnaies rares ou inédites de la bibliothéque de Marseille," RN 1860, pp. 43–56.
Cartier, RN 1837 — E. Cartier, "Monnoies de Carloman et de Charles-leGros," RN 1837, pp. 334–346.
— RN 1846 — "Recherches sur les monnaies au type chartrain, Appendice," RN 1846, pp. 107–130.
Chalon, RBN 1861 — R. Chalon, "Denier de Charles le Chauve, frappé é Famars," RBN 1861, pp. 237–241.
Ciani — Sales Catalogue of L. Ciani, Paris.
Fixed Price List No. 399: June 1934.
CNI — Corpus Nummorum Italicorum.
Combrouse — Guillaume Combrouse, Catalogue Raisonné des Monnaies Nationals de France (Paris, 1839).
Cuypers, RBN 1853 — Prosper Cuypers, "Une monnaie mérovingienne frappée é Anvers," RBN 1853, pp. 353–356.
De Barthélemy, RN 1861 — A. de Barthélemy, Monnaies des comtes de Tonnerre," RN 1861, pp. 366–377.
De Coster, RBN 1852 — L. de Coster, "Restitution de quelques monnaies é Charlemagne," RBN 1852, pp. 369–403.
— RBN 1855 — "Nouvelles considérations sur des monnaies restitutées é Charlemagne," RBN 1855, pp. 1—21.
— RBN 1857 — "Explications faisant suite aux précédentes notices sur l'attribution é Charlemagne de quelques types monétaires," RBN 1857, pp. 30–54.
— RBN 1859 — "Considérations é, propos de quelques deniers inédits de Pepin le Bref et de Charlemagne," RBN 1859, pp. 210–238.
De Ferrari Coll. — Philippe de Ferrari la Renotiére Collection, Paris.
Deglatigny Coll. — Louis Deglatigny Collection sold at the Hétel Drouot, Paris, Nov. 1937.
De Jonghe Coll. — Collection of J. P. T. de Jonghe, sold in Brussels, 1860.
De la Saussaye, RN 1837 — Louis de la Saussaye, "Médailles gauloises en cuivre quise trouvent habituellement é Soings et é Giévres," RN 1837, pp. 241–250.
De Longpérier, RN 1840 — A. de Longpéier, "Recherches sur les monnoies de Meaux, RN 1840, pp. 128–153.
— RN 1856 — "Quelques deniers de Pépin, de Carloman et de Charlemagne," RN 1856, pp. 180–189.
— RN 1857 — "Monnaies épiscopales de Strasbourg et de Constance," RN 1857. pp. 319–345.
— RN 1868 — "Vente de la collection de M. C. T. Dassy," RN 1868, pp. 485–490.
De Roucy Coll. — Collection of de Roucy sold at Hétel Drouot, Paris, Nov. 1920.
Dieudonné, RN 1915 — A. Dieudonné, "Acquisitions du Cabinet des Medailles: Monnaies carolingiennes," RN 1915, pp. 211–242.
Dolley-Morrison, "Finds" — R. H. M. Dolley and K. F. Morrison, "Finds of Carolingian coins from Great Britain and Ireland," BNJ 1964, pp. 75–87.
Duchalais, RN 1839 — A. Duchalais, "Attribution é Baugency d'une monnoie carolingienne inedited," RN 1839, pp. 204–208.
Du Lac Coll. — J. Du Lac Collection sold at Hétel Drouot, Paris, June 1910 (second part, Monnaies Franéaises).
Engel and Lehr — A. Engel and E. Lehr, Numismatique de l'Alsace (Paris, 1887).
Engel and Serrure — A. Engel and R. Serrure, Traité de numismatique du moyen ége, 3 vols. (Paris, 1891–1905).
Fillon, RN 1844 — B. Fillon, "Monnaies inédites de Saint-Martin de Tours," RN 1844, pp. 271—277.
— Lettres — Lettres é Dugast Matifeux sur quelques monnaies franéaises inédites (Paris, 1853).
Florange — Sales Catalogue of Jules Florange, Paris.
Fixed Price List Sept. 1958.
Fixed Price List Sept. 1959.
Fougéres, RN 1839 — F. Fougéres, "Monnoies inédites de la seconde race," RN 1839, pp. 94–103.
Frankfurter Ménzhandl. — Sales Catalogue of Frankfurter Ménzhandlung, Frankfurt a.M.
Jan. 1957.
April 1960.
Sept. 1961.
Frére — Hubert Frére, "Monnaies frappées é Liége et é Avroy," RBN 1963, pp. 37–73.
Gaettens — Sales Catalogue of R. Gaettens, Jr., Heidelberg.
Dec. 1955.
Gans-Grunthal — Sales Catalogue of Henry Grunthal and Numismatic Fine Arts.
June 1950 (R. Melchior Collection).
April 1951.
Gariel — E. Gariel, Les monnaies Roy ales de France sous la Race Carolingienne, I–III (Strasbourg, 1883–84).
— Annuaire — "Description de quelques monnaies se rattachant é la numismatique franéaise," Annuaire de la Société de numismatique (1867), pp. 137–145.
Gariel Coll. — Gariel Collection sold at the Hétel des Commissaires-Priseurs, April 1885.
Garrett Coll. — John W. Garrett Collection at Johns Hopkins University.
Garthe Coll. — Catalog der Ménzen- und Medaillen Sammlungen des Herrn Hugo Garthe in Kéln, sold by J. M. Heberle, Cologne, Sept. 1884.
Glendining & Co. — Sales Catalogue of Glendining & Co., London.
March 1964 (Gold and Silver Coins of the World from the Estate of Wayte Raymond).
Gnecchi — E. Gnecchi, Le monete di Milano da Carlo Magno a Vittorio Emanuele II (Milan, 1884).
Gouaux Coll. — Collection of M. Gouaux of Alenéon, sold in 1857 at the Hétel des Commissaires-Priseurs.
Grierson, ANSCent. Publ. — Philip Grierson, "Some Modern Forgeries of Carolingian Coins," ANSCent. Publ. (1958), pp. 301–315.
Grierson, Jaarboek 1951 — "The Gold Solidus of Louis the Pious and its Imitations," Jaarboek voor Munt- en Penningkunde (1951), pp. 1–41.
Grunthal — Henry Grunthal, "Tentative Attributions of Some Hitherto Uncertain Carolingian Coins," Dona Numismatica, ed. P. Berghaus and G. Hatz (Hamburg, 1965), pp. 51–54.
Hamburger — Sales Catalogue of L & L Hamburger, Frankfurt a.M.
June 1891 (Lorenz Kéhler Collection).
May 1901 (E. Gnecchi Collection).
Jan. 1902 (E. Gnecchi Collection).
Nov. 1912 (Duplicates of the Royal Cabinet, Berlin).
Sept. 1917 (J. Ebner Collection).
Nov. 1922 (Bedeutende Universalsammlung).
Sept. 1926 (G. in D. Collection).
Feb. 1928 (Prince Philip of Saxony-Coburg-Gotha).
Nov. 1928 (Sammlung eines schweizer Amateurs).
Hévernick — Walter Hévernick, Die Ménzen von Kéln vom Beginn der Prégung bis 1304 (Cologne, 1935).
— HBN 1952/4 — "Die Anfénge der karolingischen Goldprégung in Nord-westeuropa," HBN 1952/4, pp. 55–60.
HBN — Hamburger Beitrége zur Numismatik.
Heiss — Aloiss Heiss, Description General de las Monedas Hispano-Christianas (Madrid, 1865).
Helbing — Sales Catalogue of Otto Helbing Nachf., Munich.
March 1902 (Ménzen und Medaillen Cabinet Rainer).
May 1907 (Gustav Gube et alias).
Nov. 1909 (Ménzen und Medaillen verschiedener Lénder).
March 1911.
Oct. 1912 (Zschieche und Kéder, Leipzig).
April 1913.
Dec. 1913 (Sammlung eines ésterreichischen Kavaliers).
Dec. 1917 (A. Kahlert Collection).
Oct. 1927 (Jéger-Piloty).
Dec. 1931 (Professor Heinrich Buchenau Collection).
Oct. 1932 (Férstenberg Cabinet at Donaueschingen).
Oct. 1933 (Férstenberg Cabinet at Donaueschingen).
Hess — Sales Catalogue of Adolph Hess Nachf., Frankfurt a.M.
June 1888 (Hirzel von Escher Collection).
May 1893 (Carl Farina, Cologne Collection).
Oct. 1901.
Oct. 1903 (Duplicates of the Royal Coin Cabinet in Berlin).
Oct. 1904 (Joseph F. Hirsch, Troppau Collection).
April 1928 (Vogel Collection).
Fixed Price List 1905.
Hess-Bank Leu — Sales Catalogue of Adolph Hess-Leu & Co., Lucerne-Zérich.
Oct. 1964.
Hess, Lucerne — Sales Catalogue of Adolph Hess, Lucerne.
July 1933 (Archduke Sigismund of Austria Collection).
Hirsch — Sales Catalogue of Gerhard Hirsch, Munich.
June 1956.
Nov. 1958.
Oct. 1961.
March 1966.
Hucher, RN 1857 — E. Hucher, "Note sur un denier d'Eudes" RN 1857, pp. 315–318.
Kress — Sales Catalogue of Ménchner Ménzhandlung Karl Kress.
Dec. 1956.
Oct. 1960.
Dec. 1961.
Kricheldorf — Sales Catalogue of Hellmuth H. Kricheldorf, Stuttgart.
May 1956.
Nov. 1960.
June 1961.
June 1964.
July 1964.
Nov. 1966.
Kunz, Periodico 1870 — C. Kunz, "Museo Bottacin annesso alla civica Biblioteca e Museo di Padova," Periodico di numismatica e sfragistica (1870), pp. 22–35.
Lafaurie, ANSCent. Publ. — Jean Lafaurie, "Trésor de monnaies carolingiennes découvert dans le Jura," ANSCent. Publ. (1958), pp. 407—415.
Lelewel — J. Lelewel, Numismatique de moyen-ége, 2 vols. (Paris, 1835).
Lempertz — Sales Catalogue of Lempertz Kunstauktionshaus, Cologne.
March 1927 (Wilhelm Pieper, Soest Collection).
Lockett Coll. — Coins at one time comprising the collection of R. Cyril Lockett, sold by Glendining & Co., London, Feb. 29, 1956.
Lopez, Periodico 1869 — M. Lopez, "Aggiunte alla Zecca e moneta Parmigiana," Periodico di numismatica e sfragistica (1869), pp. 5–25.
Martinori Coll. — Martinori Collection sold by P. & P. Santamaria, Rome, Nov. 1913.
Maxe-Werly, RBN 1889 — M. L. Maxe-Werly, "état actual de la numismatique rémoise," RBN 1889, pp. 57–87.
Meert, RBN 1962 — Christian Meert, "Les monnaies carolingiennes de l'atelier de Dinant," RBN 1962, pp. 153–172.
Meyer Coll. — Collection H. M. sold at the Hétel Drouot, Paris, May 1902.
Morrison, Speculum 1961 — K. F. Morrison, "The Gold Medallions of Louis the Pious and Lothaire I and the Synod of Paris (525)," Speculum 1961, pp. 592–599.
Motte Coll. — Ancienne Collection Georges Motte sold by Emile Bourgey at the Hétel Drouot, Paris, Nov. 1951.
Ménz. u. Med. — Sales Catalogue of Ménzen und Medaillen A. G., Basel.
Dec. 1948 (Schweizer und ausléndische Ménzen).
Dec. 1949 (Schweizer und ausléndische Ménzen).
June 1951 (Ausléndische Gold - und Silberménzen).
July 1955 (Monnaies Suisses en or ..., Deniers Carolingiens).
Dec. 1957 (Schweizer Ménzen und Medaillen ..., Denare der Karolinger).
Nov. 1961 (Européische Ménzen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit).
Nov. 1963 (Monnaies Italiennes).
Nov. 1964 (Collection d'un amateur suisse).
Ménzhandl. Basel — Sales Catalogue of Ménzhandlung Basel.
Dec. 1935 (Collection de Monnaies Franéaises).
Oct. 1936 (Monnaies et Médaillles Suisses et Franéaises).
Nascia — Sales Catalogue of R. G. Nascia, Milan.
Fixed Price List Oct. 1965.
Fixed Price List March 1966.
Nedonchel, RBN 1863 — Cte. de Nedonchal, "Monnaies inédites de Tournai," RBN 1863, pp. 160–164.
Nébbe — E. Nébbe, "Der karolingische Ménzschatz vom Krinkberg," Festschrift zur Hundertjahrfeier des Museums vorgeschichtlicher Altertémer in Kiel (Neuménster, 1936).
Norman Coll. — Collection of Jules Norman sold at the Hétel des Commissaires-Priseurs, Paris, April 1910 (Monnaies Grecques, Romaines, Gauloises et Franéaises).
Papadopoli — Nicolo Papadopoli, Le Monete di Venezia (Venice, 1893).
Peus — Sales Catalogue of Busso Peus, Frankfurt a.M.
Nov. 1954 (Rémische Ménzen ... Karolinger Ménzen).
Oct. 1955 (Deutschland, insbesondere Karolinger).
Piot, RBN 1851 — C. Piot, "Notice sur cinq monnaies inédites," RBN 1851, pp. 247–257.
— RBN 1852 — "Trois monnaies carolingiennes frappées é Dinant, Maestricht et Namur," RBN 1852, pp. 139–141.
Poey d'Avant — Faustin Poey d'Avant, Monnaies Féodales de France (Paris, 1858).
Prou — M. Maurice Prou, Les Monnaies Carolingiennes (Paris, 1896).
Quintino, RN 1841 — J. de S. Quintino, "Notice sur les monnoies des princes de Salerne," RN 1841, pp. 45–56.
Ratto — Sales Catalogue of Mario Ratto, Milan.
March 1957.
Ratto — Sales Catalogue of M. Mario Ratto, Paris.
March 1936.
Ratto — Sales Catalogue of R. Ratto, Lugano.
Dec. 1930 (Monnaies Byzantines — Les rois Francs etc.).
RBN — Revue Belge de Numismatique.
Riechman — Sales Catalogue of A. Riechman & Co., Halle (Saale).
Nov. 1924 (Die mittelalterlichen Ménzen des Hessischen Landesmuseums in Kassel).
April 1928 (Ménzen des Mittelalters).
Dec. 1934 (Der Fund von Ludwiszcze).
RN — Revue Numismatique.
Robert — C. Robert, Etudes Numismatiques sur une partie du Nord — Est de la France (Metz, 1852).
Robert Coll. — Charles Robert Collection sold at the Hétel des Commissaires-Priseurs, Paris, March 1886 (Description de la collection de M. P. Charles Robert).
Robert, RN 1866 — "Monnaies de Tréves, de Metz et de Verdun," RN 1866, pp. 165–171.
Rosenberg — Sales Catalogue of Sally Rosenberg, Frankfurt a.M.
Nov. 1904 (Ludwig Belli's Ménzcabinet, I part).
Feb. 1906 (Ludwig Belli's Ménzcabinet, II part).
March 1914 (Geheimrat Helferich, Eisenach).
Dec. 1932 (Ménzen und Medaillen des Mittelalters).
Oct. 1933 (Sammlung Franz Heerdt).
Rousseau Coll. — Rousseau Collection sold at fixed prices by Rollin et Feuardent, Paris, 1861 (Catalogue des Monnaies Nationales de France).
Salmon, RN 1853 — P. Salmon, "Notice sur un denier inédit du roi Raoul, frappé a Chéteau-Landon,'' RN 1853, pp. 419–424.
Schlessinger — Sales Catalogue of Felix Schlessinger, Berlin.
March 1930 (Sammlung aus norddeutschem Besitz, II part: Merovinger, Karolinger etc.)
Schulman — Sales Catalogue of J. Schulman, Amsterdam.
Oct. 1913 (Catalogue d'une collection intéressante de Monnaies du Moyen ége).
Jan. 1929 (M. Othon Leonardos collection).
Jan. 1931.
June 1936.
June 1939.
Jan. 1956 (Moritz Wormser Estate, New York).
March 1959 (J. C. P. E. Menso collection).
June 1961 (J. van Kuyk collection).
April 1965 (J. van der Meer, N.Y. collection).
Serrure — Bulletin mensuel de numismatique et d'archéologie, ed. Raymond Serrure (Brussels, 1881–1887).
Simonis, RBN 1896 — J. Simonis, "Un denier é téte de Louis le Débonnaire frappé é Trévise," RBN 1896, pp. 394–396.
Stephanik Coll. — Joh. W. Stephanik Collection sold by Frederik Muller & Cie, Amsterdam, Dec. 1904.
Suchodolski — S. Suchodolski, "Le Poids des monnaies de Charlemagne émises aprés la reforme," Dona Numismatica (Festschrift W. Hévernick), eds. P. Berghaus and G. Hatz (Hamburg, 1965), pp. 43–50.
Théry Coll. — Louis Théry Collection sold at the Hétel Drouot, Oct. 1963.
Tinchant — Sales Catalogue of Paul Tinchant, Brussels.
Fixed Price List Feb. 1962.
Van der Chijs — Pieter Otto van der Chijs, De Munten der Frankische- en Duitsch-Nederlandsche Vorsten, Vol. IX (Haarlem, 1866).
Vatican Coll. — Gabinetto Numismatico Vaticano, Rome.
Vogel Coll. — Vogel Collection sold by A. Hess, Frankfurt, April 1928.
Voillemier, RBN 1851 — Voillemier, "Restitution d'un denier de Charles II (le Chauve) é la ville de Huy," RBN 1851, pp. 99–104.
Vélckers — H. H. Vélckers, Karolingische Ménzfunde der Fréhzeit (751—800), Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Géttingen, philol.-hist. Kl. III, no. 61 (Géttingen, 1965).
Zadoks and Jitta, Jaarboek — A. N. Zadoks and J. Jitta, "Vroeg-Karolingische munten van Dorestad," Jaarboek voor Munt- en Penningkunde (1949), pp. 96–98.

Arrangement of the Catalogue

The catalogue combines the arrangement according to rulers, which was adopted by Gariel, and that according to topography, which Prou employed; the principal classification is that of the ruler, the secondary, that of the mint city. In attributions, our rule has been to confess doubt when it persists despite earnest efforts to clarify it; for we judge that it would only provoke misunderstandings among non-specialists—and, indeed, that it would render no service to specialists—if we advanced as fact attributions which rest on hypothesis or on sheer conjecture, however learned. Cross references have been used when particular issues could have been struck by either of two rulers, or by both. When there are several types struck by the same ruler in one mint city, an attempt has been made to set the issues in chronological order, according to the data analysed in the introduction. Denarii precede oboli. Within each entry, the following order has been used: types, references to Prou, Gariel, and the British Museum Sylloge of Carolingian Coins, citations of sales catalogues, exemplars arranged according to collection (as described on pp. ix–xi), and find data.

PIPPIN THE SHORT (752–768)

Alsace

STRASSBURG

1. Obv.: R-P, with one dot beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: CIVARCRATé Cross. Denarius.

Gariel III, 72 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 584; Meyer Coll., 66 (ex Imphy).

Berlin: 1.05 gr., 1.17 gr.; Brussels: 1.22 gr. (Plate I).

Finds: Ilanz II, 1.24 gr.; Imphy.

Lorraine

CAMBRAI

2. Obv.: +R-P, with two dots between the letters, three dots, triangularly arranged between the legs of the R, and image behind the P.

Rev:. image with a bar between the lines. Two dots at the left end of the bar. Denarius.

Gariel I, 19 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find. 1.20 gr.).

Berlin: 1.24 gr. (Plate I).

Find: Imphy.

TRIER

3. Obv.: Δ, N, P, P, in the corners of a cross.

Rev.: PTREFER. Dot. Denarius.

Bordeaux, RBN 1893, p. 281, no. 1.

Trier: (Inv. 40.1199) 1.30 gr.

Find: Trier.

4. As foregoing, with reading image Obolus.

Bordeaux Coll., 164, wt. 0.60 gr.; Cahn, April 1929, 2.

5. Obv.: Δ, N, PI, PI, in the corners of a cross.

Rev.: PTREFER (retrograde). Obolus.

Bordeaux, RBN 1893, p. 282, no. 2.

Trier: (Inv. 29.6) 0.60 gr. (Plate I).

6. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Trier: (Inv. 40.1200) 1.11 gr.

Find: Trier.

7. Obv.: PI Δ, several bars above.

Rev.: TREFER. Dot. Denarius.

Bordeaux Coll., 163, 1.13 gr.

Find: Trier.

VERDUN

8. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 142; Gariel IV, 77 (Gariel Coll., Imphy find).

Rosenberg 1906, 1; Vogel Coll., Hess April 1928, 3672.

Paris: 1.07 gr.; Berlin: 1.11 gr. (Plate I).

Find: Imphy.

9. image with a dot in the curve of the R.

Rev.: image Denarius.

Gariel IV, 76.

The Hague: (527, var. image with a cross at the left. Broken). 1.04 gr.

Francia

ST-FIRMIN (AMIENS)

10. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 227; Gariel III, 62 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 581.

Paris: 1.05 gr. (Plate I); Berlin: 1.18 gr.

ST-PIERRE (CORBIE?)

11. Obv.: image with one dot between the legs of the R, one between the letters, and one beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 928; Gariel III, 70 (Gariel Coll., Imphy find).

Meyer Coll., 65 (ex Imphy); Hamburger Nov. 1912, 2; Helbing Dec. 1917, 1; Schlessinger March 1930, 1480. (The last three entries refer to the same piece).

Paris: 1.31 gr.; Berlin: 1.36 gr.(Plate I).

Find: Imphy.

ST-MARIE (LAON?)

12. Obv.: image

Rev.: SCIMARA. S in a circlet of dots. Denarius.

Gariel III, 67 (RN 1844, p. 273).

13. Obv.: image with one dot between the letters and one dot beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: image with a bar between the lines. One dot at each end of the bar. Denarius.

Gariel III, 71a (Voillemier Coll.).

Berlin: 1.17 gr.

Find: Imphy.

NOYEN

14. Obv.: image with one dot between the letters and one dot beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: NO/VIMO/M⋄, with a bar between each line. Denarius.

Gariel III, 49 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 574.

Berlin: 0.98 gr. (Plate I).

RHEIMS

15. Obv.: LAbI, with a bar above the monogram, one dot after the I, and a cross beneath the monogram with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: REM, with a bar above and three dots horizontally arranged beneath. Denarius.

Gariel III, 56 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll.).

Berlin: 1.29 gr. (Plate I).

Find: Rheims.

Neustria

CHARTRES

16. Obv.: image with a bar beneath the monogram, one dot before the R, and two dots beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: Man standing, full front, both arms extended, and holding a cross in each hand. As part of the pattern, the letters C, A, R, T. Denarius.

Prou 923; Gariel I, 21 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll.).

Paris: 1.10 gr.

17. Variety of foregoing. Letters on rev. are C, A, R, N. Denarius.

Gariel I, 22 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll.).

Berlin: 1.22 gr. (Plate I).

Find: Chartres.

18. Obv.: image with one dot before the R, and two beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: Man standing, full front, both arms extended, and holding a cross in each hand. Dots in field. Denarius.

Prou 924; Gariel I, 24 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll.), 23 (var., Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find).

Ménz u. Med. Dec. 1957, 666.

Paris: 1.41 gr.; Berlin: 1.40 gr. (Plate I); ANS: 1.18 gr.

Find: Imphy.

ST-MARTIN (TOURS)

19. Obv.: image

Rev.: +SCIMARTINI. Globule in a circlet of dots. Denarius.

Prou 439 = Gariel III, 68.

Paris: 0.85 gr. (Plate I).

20. Obv.: image

Rev.: + SCIMARTINI. Globule in a circlet of dots. Denarius.

Gariel III, 69 (letter of Barthélemy).

Find: Loire-Inférieure.

Burgundy

TROYES

21. Obv.: image with one dot beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 540 = Gariel III, 73, (also Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Gariel Coll., Imphy find).

Gariel Coll., 585; Meyer Coll., 67.

Paris: 1.23 gr.; Berlin: 1.16 gr., 1.33 gr. (Plate I).

Find: Imphy.

SENS

22. Obv.: ℞F.

Rev.: image Cross. Denarius.

Gariel II, 46 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find, 1.33 gr.).

Berlin: 1.35 gr. (Plate I).

Find: Imphy.

23. Obv.: RP, with one dot between the letters and one beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: SE... NOIS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel II, 47 (Salmon Coll.).

LYON

24. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 626; Gariel II, 36 ("publié par Fougére").

Paris: 1.20 gr. (Plate I).

Indeterminate Mints

PRESUMED "MULES"

25. Obv.: +/ΠPIPI/ horizontal axe.

Rev.: image with one dot between the letters. Denarius.

Prou 980; Gariel I, 7–16 (var.); BMS I.

Gariel Coll., 566; Meyer Coll., 59, 60 (ex Imphy and Gariel); Bordeaux Coll., 160 (ex Meyer); Cahn Dec. 1932, 1197.

Paris: 1.25 gr.; Berlin: 1.34 gr., 1.28 gr., 1.29 gr., 0.95 gr.; BM: (SSB–127–1) 1.27 gr.; Brussels: 1.07 gr., 1.17 gr., 1.18 gr.; Copenhagen: (Fortegn., p. 250, n. 1) 1.30 gr., (Devegge 10) 1.22 gr.. (Plate I); (Thompson 1181) 1.44 gr.; The Hague: (531) 0.69 gr., (529) 0.90 gr., (524) 1.00 gr., (525) 1.00 gr. (all damaged); Munich: (lost, no weight recorded).

26. Obv.: +/ ΠPIPI/ horizontal axe.

Rev.: image with two dots between the letters, and an indecipherable design at the right of the monogram. Denarius.

Jaarboek voor Munt- en Penningkunde, 1949, p. 97, pl. VII.

The Hague: (Inv. 1954, no. 5) 1.10 gr. (damaged).

27. Obv.: image horizontal axe.

Rev.: RTP, with three dots between the legs of the R, and one dot between the letters. Denarius.

Grierson: 1.15 gr.

28. Obv.: PIPl/:./NYS.

Rev.: image with a six-pointed star at the left of the R and three dots, triangularly arranged beneath it. Denarius.

Gariel IV, 83 (LeBlanc).

29. Obv.: PĪP, with h-A between the letters and Ↄ beneath the curve of the second P.

Rev.: image with two dots between the letters. Denarius.

Gariel II, 29 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find).

Berlin: 1.10 gr. (Plate I).

Find: Imphy.

30. Obv.: +/IIPIPI/ horizontal axe.

Rev.: RTP, with four dots beneath the R, and one dot between the letters, one dot at the right of the P. Denarius.

The Hague: (533) 0.62 gr. (fragment).

31. Obv.: +/IIPIPI/ horizontal axe.

Rev.: image with image beneath the letters and one dot before the R. Denarius.

The Hague: (530) 1.15 gr.

ICONOGRAPHICAL REVERSES

32. Obv.: +/PP/image

Rev.: Indecipherable. Denarius.

The Hague: (Inv. 17486) 0.20 gr. (damaged).

33. Obv.: image with three dots before the R and one dot between the letters.

Rev.: Four curved lines forming a rosette cross. Dots in field. Denarius.

Gariel II, 38 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find), 39 (var., Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find).

Meyer Coll., 60 (ex Imphy and Gariel); Hamburger Nov. 1912, 4; Schulman Oct. 1913, 354; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1197.

Berlin: 1.29 gr. (Plate I); Copenhagen: (K. P. 1324) 1.33 gr.

Find: Imphy.

34. Obv.: image with two dots between the letters.

Rev.: Cruciform pattern. Denarius.

Gariel IV, 78 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll.).

A modern die of the obv. exists, cf. Grierson, ANSCent. Publ., p. 310, 1.

Berlin: 1.11 gr. (Plate I).

35. Obv.: image with three dots, triangularly arranged, beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: Cross with bar pendant from each end of the cross bar, and a curved bar extending downward on each side from the summit of the cross to the ends of the cross bar. A small cross at the head of the larger, and three dots at its foot. Denarius.

Prou 315; Gariel III, 50 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 575; Meyer Coll., 61.

Paris: 1.27 gr.; Berlin: 1.08 gr. (Plate I); Munich: (lost, no weight recorded).

36. Obv.: image with one dot between the letters and one beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: Illegible pattern about a patriarchal cross. Denarius.

Gariel III, 59 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find), 60 (var., Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find).

Gariel Coll., 579; Meyer Coll., 64 (ex Imphy).

Berlin: 1.32 gr., 1.34 gr. (Plate I).

Find: Imphy.

37. Obv.: image with one dot between the letters and one beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: Indecipherable characters about a cross. Denarius.

Gariel IV, 79 (van der Chijs, pl. X, 19).

Berlin (Plate II).

38. Obv.: image with crossed bar beneath.

Rev.: Man standing full face front, with arms outstretched, holding a cross in his right hand. In the pattern, the symbols EAC. Denarius.

Gariel IV, 80 (van der Chijs, pl. IX, 7).

39. Obv.: +/ΛPIPI/ horizontal axe.

Rev.: Man standing to right, holding in front a curved stave and to the rear, a cross. Illegible inscriptions at the left and at the right. Beneath, a dot. Denarius.

Gariel IV, 81 (van der Chijs, pl. X, 10).

The Hague: (Inv. 17485) 1.00 gr. (fragment).

40. Obv.: image with one dot between the letters and one beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: Six-pointed star with A in the center. Denarius.

Gariel II, 32 (Brussels).

Brussels: 0.85 gr. (Plate II).

Find: Bonn; Liège.

41. Obv.: image with I in the curve of each letter, and F in monogram at the foot of the P.

Rev.: Indecipherable monogram. Denarius.

Gariel II, 44 (RN 1855, p. 39).

Find: Josselin.

EPIGRAPHICAL REVERSES

42. Obv.: image with one dot between the letters and another beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: image with a semi-circle of dots around the curve of the D. Denarius.

Prou 922; Gariel I, 1 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 563; Meyer Coll., 57.

Paris: 0.65 gr.; Berlin: 1.18 gr.; Brussels: 0.68 gr.

Find: Bonn.

43. Obv.: image with three dots, triangularly arranged before the R, one dot between the letters, one dot in the curve of the P, and a bar and a dot beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: AD⋄ monogram, with the ⋄ in the curve of the D. Three dots triangularly arranged before the A, one dot between the A and the D, and a bar beneath the monogram.

Gariel II, 33 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find).

Berlin: 1.32 gr.

Find: Imphy.

44. Obv.: image with one dot between the letters, one dot beneath the monogram, and one beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: +AR, with a bar above the monogram. Denarius.

Gariel II, 30 (RBN 1859, pl. VII, 4, found at Dorestadt).

45. Obv.: image

Rev.: AV. Denarius.

Gariel I, 5 (Fillon, Lettres à Dugast-Matifeux).

46. Obv.: image with one dot between the letters.

Rev.: +A-J Denarius.

Gariel II, 31 (Brussels).

47. Obv.: image with two dots between the letters, and three dots triangularly arranged beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: image with one bar above the central line and one below it. Denarius.

(See D. M. Metcalf, "Coins of Pepin Minted at Saint-Denis?" Cunobelin, 1965, pp. 19–29, 54.)

Prou 2, 3, 4; Gariel I, 2 (Gariel Coll., Imphy find), 3 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find), 4 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find). BMS 2, 3. Norman Coll., 541; Lockett Coll., 317, 318; Rosenberg Nov. 1904, 1; Rosenberg March 1914, 476; Hamburger Sept. 1917, 1038; Cahn Dec. 1922, 494; 1.60 gr.; Cahn Sept. 1932, 1289; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1195; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1196; Kress Oct. 1960, 1367; Hirsch March 1966, 182.

Paris: 1.29 gr., 1.47 gr., 1.11 gr.; Berlin: 1.27 gr., 1.31 gr., 1.06 gr. (Plate II); ANS: 1.29 gr.; BM: (no number) 1.31 gr., (1908–10–8–6) 0.92 gr.; Brussels: 1.38 gr.; Grierson: 1.17 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17484) 0.90 gr.; Munich: (lost, no weight recorded); Van Rede: (B 1201) 1.20 gr.

Find: Imphy; Ilanz II: 0.73 gr., 0.83 gr., 0.87 gr., 1.02 gr., 1.18 gr., 1.22 gr., 1.28 gr.

48. Obv.: image with two dots between the letters and one beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: image with a horizontal bar above. Denarius.

Gariel I, 20 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find, 1.22 gr.).

Berlin: 1.25 gr. (Plate II).

Find: Imphy.

48a. Obv.: RPIP, with a bar and a superimposed dot above, and image beneath.

Rev.: image with a bar beneath. Denarius.

The Hague.

49. Obv.: image with one dot between the letters.

Rev.: CVVSCO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel IV, 74 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find).

Berlin: 1.33 gr. (Plate II).

Find: Imphy.

50. Obv.: "image with one dot beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: Monogram of CINMA (?), with a bar above. Denarius.

Prou 925 = Gariel II, 34.

Paris: 1.13 gr.; Berlin: 0.96 gr. (Plate II); The Hague: (Inv. 17578) 1.10 gr.

51. Obv.: image with one dot between the legs of the R, one dot between the letters, and one dot beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: image Denarius.

Gariel III, 63 (Cabinet de France, but not in Prou).

52. Obv.: image with one dot between the letters, and one dot beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: image with one dot within a diamond pattern between the letters, and four dots arranged in a diamond pattern beneath the monogram. Denarius.

Gariel II, 26 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 568.

Berlin: 0.94 gr. (Plate II).

Find: Verdun.

53. Obv.: DŌM/PIPI bars between the lines.

Rev.: ELI/MOSI/NA, with bars between the lines. Denarius.

Gariel I, 17 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find, 1.30 gr.).

Berlin: 1.35 gr. (Plate II).

Find: Imphy.

54. Obv.: R, with two dots before the R and one after it.

Rev.: ERI, retrograde, with two dots after the curve of the R, and image between the legs of the R. Denarius.

Gariel IV, 82.

55. Obv.: image with 1 beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 5 = Gariel II, 28.

Paris: 1.14 gr.

56. Obv.: image with one dot between the letters and one beneath the lower horizontal bar of the F.

Rev.: image with a horizontal bar above and image beneath. Denarius. Gariel I, 6 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 565.

Berlin: 1.08 gr. (Plate II).

57. Obv.: image

Rev.: IIIQ/ + - :./OIII. Denarius.

Gariel IV, 75 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find).

Meyer Coll., 68 (ex Imphy). Hamburger Nov. 1912, 1; Rosenberg Nov. 1904, 2.

Berlin: 1.08 gr. (Plate II); The Hague: (526 var. image between the legs of the obverse R) 1.10 gr.

Find: Imphy.

58. Obv.: image

Rev.: IL/"/EN. Denarius.

Gariel II, 27 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find, 1.29 gr.).

Berlin: 1.31 gr. (Plate II).

Find: Imphy.

59. Obv.: image with a dot between the letters.

Rev.: LV, with a dot in the V and a bar above the monogram. Denarius.

Gariel II, 37 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 569; Hamburger Sept. 1926, 1.

Berlin: 1.19 gr., 1.31 gr. (Plate II).

60. Obv.: image with two dots between the letters.

Rev.: image Denarius.

Cahn March 1926, 1, 0.87 gr.

61. Obv.: image with one dot between the letters, one dot in the curve of the P, and one dot beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: image with three dots triangularly arranged beneath the M. Denarius.

Gariel II, 42 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 571.

Berlin: 0.92 gr. (Plate II).

Find: Lyon.

62. Obv.: image with a bar above the monogram and a cross beneath.

Rev.: MIL/⋄, with a bar above the monogram. Denarius.

Gariel II, 43 (Fillon, Lettres a Dugast-Matifeux).

Berlin: 1.15 gr. (Plate II).

63. Obv.: image with one dot between the letters.

Rev.: image (?) in monogram. Denarius.

Gariel II, 48 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll.).

Berlin: 0.71 gr. (Plate II).

64. Obv.: image with one dot between the letters.

Rev.: image with one dot before the image and one in each of its corners. A bar above the monogram. Denarius.

Gariel II, 45 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 573; Hamburger Feb. 1928, 707; Schlessinger March 1930, 1479; Frankfurter Ménzhandl. Sept. 1961, 10.

Berlin: 1.15 gr. (Plate II).

65. Obv.: image with one dot between the letters.

Rev.: ... OIN⋄A. In center, Denarius.

Gariel II, 35 (fragment, Imphy find).

Berlin: 0.93 gr. (Plate II).

Find: Imphy.

66. Obv.: image with one dot in the curve of the R, and one dot beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: +O/MAC/CS. Denarius.

Gariel II, 40 (Brussels), 41 (var. Ponton d'Amécourt Coll.).

Berlin: 1.29 gr. (Plate II); Brussels: 0.91 gr.

67. Obv.: RP, image before the R, image between the legs of the R, a bar with a pendant semi-circle above the monogram.

Rev.: image Denarius.

Brussels: 0.84 gr.

68. Obv.: image with one dot between the letters and one dot beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: image with one dot between the letters. Denarius.

Garrett Coll.: (6112) 1.18 gr.

69. Obv.: image with two dots beneath the R.

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 184; Gariel III, 53 (Gariel Coll.), 51 (var., Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find), 52 (Var.).

Gariel Coll., 576; Meyer Coll., 62.; Théry Coll., 1963, 380.

Paris: 1.24 gr.; Berlin: 1.25 gr., 1.35 gr. (Plate II); Copenhagen: (T. 1182) 1.14 gr., (T. 1184) 1.19 gr., (T. 1185) 1.33 gr.

Find: Imphy; Ilanz II, 1.14 gr.

70. Obv.: image with three dots before the R, one dot between the letters, and two dots beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: R, with one dot inside the curve, one dot between the legs, and a cross of four dots behind the curve. Denarius.

Prou 926; Gariel III, 55 (Gariel Coll., Imphy find).

Meyer Coll., 63; Bordeaux Coll., 162; Cahn April 1929, 1; Schulman Jan. 1931, 76.

Paris: 1.15 gr.; Berlin: 1.18 gr., 1.61 gr. (Plate II); ANS: 1.33 gr.; Blunt: 1.43 gr.; Garrett: (6111) 1.34 gr.; Vienna: 1.15 gr.

Find: Imphy.

71. Obv.: image with one dot before the R, and one dot between the letters.

Rev.: RAI, with Λ between the legs of the R, and two dots above the RI. Denarius.

Gariel III, 57 (Chapper Coll.).

72. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Gariel II, 25 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 567.

Berlin: 0.87 gr. (Plate III).

73. Obv.: image with one dot beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 927; Gariel III, 58 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find).

Gariel Coll., 578; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 3.

Paris: 1.46 gr.; Berlin: 1.25 gr. (Plate III).

Find: Imphy.

74. Obv.: image

Rev.: image with a bar above the monogram and four dots arranged in a diamond pattern beneath. Denarius.

Gariel III, 64 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll.).

Berlin: 1.16 gr. (Plate III).

Find: Imphy.

75. Obv.: RTP, with one dot before the R, image between the legs of the R, one dot between the letters, and three dots, triangularly arranged beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: image with a bar between the lines. Denarius.

Gariel III, 65 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 582.

Berlin: 0.87 gr. (Plate III).

Find: Brussels.

76. Obv.: image

Rev.: + SCICRV ... Cross. Denarius.

Gariel I. 21.

Théry Coll, 1963, 382; ex Ducrocq sale, Paris 1936, 47.

Find: Imphy .

76a. Obv.: image with three dots vertically arranged before the R, and two dots vertically arranged between the letters.

Rev.: SCI./MAR, with a bar between the lines. Denarius.

Gariel III, 66 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find).

Berlin: 1.19 gr. (Plate III).

Find: Imphy.

77. Obv.: image key design before the P, uncertain pattern after the F.

Rev.: image Denarius.

Gariel III, 61 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find).

Gariel Coll., 580.

Berlin: 1.26 gr., 1.28 gr. (Plate III).

Find: Imphy.

78. Obv.: image with one dot between the letters.

Rev.: image Denarius.

The Hague: (534) 0.56 gr.

79. Obv.: image with one dot between the letters and one dot beneath the curve of the P.

Rev.: image with one bar above and one bar below the first line. Denarius.

Berlin: 1.18 gr.

80. Obv.: image with two dots between the letters.

Rev.: +VE/S⋄N. Denarius.

Gariel I, 18 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find, 1.29 gr.).

Berlin: 1.32 gr. (Plate III).

Find: Imphy.

81. Obv.: image

Rev.: imageDenarius.

Prou 929.

Paris: 0.95 gr. (damaged).

CARLOMAN (768–771)

Indeterminate Mints

82. Obv.: Monogram of CARM, with a bar above.

Rev.: imagewith two dots between the letters. Denarius.

Gariel IV, 1 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: (Plate III).

83. Obv.: image

Rev.: image with a row of dots around the curve of the D. Denarius.

Gariel IV, 2 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 71.

Berlin: (Plate III).

84. Obv.: Monogram of CARM, with a bar above.

Rev.: ARE, with a bar above. Denarius.

Gariel IV, 3 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll.).

Berlin: (Plate III).

85. Obv.: CARo, with a bar above.

Rev.: LEVTBRA. Dot in a circlet. Denarius.

Gariel IV, 5 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find).

Bordeaux Coll., 165; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 5 = Hamburger Feb. 1928, 708; Schlessinger March 1930, 1481; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1948, 157; Cahn March 1913, 1. All the deniers which appeared in the trade are forgeries, cf. Grierson, ANSCent. Publ., p. 310, 2,

Berlin: 1.37 gr. (Plate III); Hannover: (Inv. 1930. 11) 1.05 gr.

Find: Imphy; Lorenzberg bei Epfach.

86. Obv.: CARLM, monogram with bar above.

Rev.: AR, with horizontal bar above. Denarius.

Prou 762 = Gariel IV, 4.

Paris: 1.27 gr.

87. Obv.: CARLM, monogram, with a bar above.

Rev.: image with a bar above the V, and a dot beneath. Denarius.

Gariel IV, 6 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll.).

Berlin: (Plate III).

Find; Lyon.

88. Obv.: CAR/LOM.

Rev.: SCIANIAI. Standing figure to left, holding a curved stave in front. Dots in field. Denarius.

Gariel IV, 7 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find).

Berlin: 1.37 gr. (Plate III).

Find: Imphy.

89. Obv.: CAR/LOM.

Rev.: SCICRUCIS. Patriarchal cross. Denarius.

Gariel IV, 8 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find).

Berlin: 1.37 gr. (Plate III).

Find: Imphy.

CHARLEMAGNE (768–814)

East Francia

MAINZ

90. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +MOGONTIA. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XIII, 205 (Brussels).

Brussels: 1.68 gr. (Plate IV); Frankfurt a.M.: 1.69 gr.

91. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +MOGONTIA. Cross on three steps. Denarius.

Prou 30, 31; cf. Gariel XIII, 207 (var., rev. inscription retrograde. Gariel Coll.). BMS 4.

Rousseau Coll., 299; Helbing Nov. 1909, 1; Cahn 1914, 2; Cahn Dec. 1922, 505, 1.40 gr.; Riechman Nov. 1924, 15; Cahn March 1926, 12; Riechman April 1928, 623; Cahn Feb. 1931, 6, 1.69 gr.

Paris: 1.62 gr., 1.67 gr.; Berlin: 1.47 gr. (var.), 1.55 gr., 1.72 gr. (var.) (Plate IV); ANS: 1.67 gr.; BM: (57–9–1–5. IGP, var. as Gariel XIII, 207) 1.40 gr.; Brussels: 1.05 gr., 1.49 gr., (Inv. 21) 1.58 gr., 1.60 gr., (Inv. 22) 1.64 gr.; Frankfurt a.M.: 1.63 gr.; Hannover: (Inv. 1928. 173) 1.72 gr.

Find: Biebrich, 1.40 gr.

92. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +MOGONTIA. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 32; Gariel XIII, 206 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 5.

Cahn Dec. 1922, 506, 1.75 gr., Cahn Oct. 1924, 6; Cahn March 1926, 11; Frankfurter Ménzhandl. Sept. 1961, 11.

Paris: 1.66 gr.; Berlin: 1.15 gr., 1.15 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.61 gr. (var.).; ANS: 1.64 gr. (Plate IV); BM: (1893–12–4–238) 1.68 gr.; Brussels: 1.32 gr., (Inv. 23) 1.61 gr.; Copenhagen: (G. P. 697) 1.42 gr.; Grierson: 1.20 gr.; The Hague: (554) 1.65 gr.; Vatican: 1.57 gr. (var.).

Find: Biebrich, 1.75 gr., 1.84 gr.; Dorestadt (1846) ?

93. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +MOGONTIA. In center, P. Denarius.

Prou 33; Gariel XIII, 208 (Gariel Coll.).

Hess Pricelist 1905, 20.

Paris: 1.71 gr.; Berlin: 1.50 gr. (Plate IV) (also, a copper forgery weighing 1.21 gr.); The Hague: (Inv. 17487) 1.50 gr.

Find: London (Middle Temple).

"SENNES"

94. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SENNES. Cross on three steps. Denarius.

Prou 40; Gariel XII, 188.

Paris: 1.37 gr. (Plate IV).

95. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SENNES. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 41; Gariel XII, 189 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 663; Meyer Coll., 126; Hess Oct. 1903, 1312; Hess Pricelist 1905, 23; Schulman Jan. 1931, 80.

Paris: 1.66 gr.; Berlin: 1.63 gr. (Plate IV); ANS: 1.85 gr.; Brussels: 1.48 gr.

Find: Biebrich: 1.40 gr.

Alsace

STRASSBURG

96. CARL/RF, with a bar between the lines.

Rev.: image @ with a bar between the lines. Denarius.

Prou 42; Gariel X, 134 (Gariel Coll., 1.20 gr.).

Paris: 1.22 gr. (Plate IV); Berlin: 1.27 gr.

97. Obv.: image

Rev.: STRATBVRC. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel X, 135 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 6.

Cahn April 1921, 55; Cahn Dec. 1922, 495, 1.10 gr.; Cahn March 1926, 5; Hess April 1928, 3560; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1212; Ménzhandl. Basel Oct. 1936, 305; Ménz u. Med. Dec. 1949, 464; Kress Oct. 1960, 1378.

Berlin: 1.28 gr., 1.29 gr. (Plate IV); BM: (57–9–6. IGP) 1.36 gr.; Frankfurt a.M.: 1.17 gr. (damaged); Munich: (lost, no weight recorded).

Find: Vercelli.

Lorraine

AACHEN

98. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Cross. Denarius.

Gariel V, 3 (Cappe, pl. I, 1; Combrouse, pl. XI, 1).

DORESTADT

99. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Beneath, horizontal axe. Denarius.

Prou 56, nos. 57–61 var.; Gariel VI, 44–48, VII, 49–51; BMS 7.

Meyer Coll., 81; Lockett Coll., 319; Rosenberg March 1914, 478; Cahn Feb. 1931, 3, 1.30 gr.; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1201; Ménz u. Med. Dec. 1957, 671, 1.32 gr.; Schulman Mar. 1963, 430.

Paris: 1.27 gr., 0.95 gr., 1.10 gr., 1.13 gr., 1.14 gr., 1.16 gr.; Berlin: 1.07 gr., 1.08 gr., 1.18 gr., 1.31 gr., 1.41 gr. (Plate IV); ANS: 1.18 gr., 1.24 gr.; BM: (E–48–11–6–1) 1.33 gr.; Brussels: 0.90 gr., 0.95 gr., 1.08 gr., 1.11 gr., 1.12 gr., 1.14 gr., 1.16 gr., 1.26 gr., 1.28 gr., 1.34 gr., 1.57 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1186) 1.10 gr., (Fortegn. 250) 1.23 gr., (T. 1187) 1.25 gr.; Garrett: (6114) 1.23 gr.; Grierson: 1.25 gr.; The Hague: (547) 0.53 gr., (543) o.66 gr., (544) 0.78 gr., (539) 0.84 gr., (541) 0.92 gr., (543) 0.93 gr., (540) 1.05 gr., (548) 1.07 gr., (Inv. 17505) 1.20 gr., (Inv. 17646) 1.20 gr., (537) 1.40 gr. (All these exemplars are damaged); Hermitage: 1.15 gr., 1.16 gr.; Munich: 1.13 gr. A second exemplar lost; no weight recorded, Schloss Gotthorp: 0.42 gr., 0.44 gr., 0.48 gr., 0.59 gr., 0.65 gr., 0.66 gr., 0.70 gr., 0.74 gr., 0.75 gr., 0.89 gr., 0.93 gr., 0.99 gr., 1.03 gr., 1.11 gr., 1.12 gr., 1.14 gr., 1.19 gr., 1.20 gr., and fragments of eight other coins. The pieces are all severely damaged; Van Rede: (B1207) 0.96 gr., (B1205) 0.99 gr., (B1204) 1.03 gr., (B1202) 1.10 gr., (B1203) 1.24 gr., (B1206) 1.35 gr.

Find: Jelsum, 1.27 gr., 1.27 gr., 1.01 gr.; Sarzana; Krinkberg; Ilanz II, 1.19 gr.; Gelderland; Haitabu; Prero Darss; Spangereid; Lerchenborg; St. Albans; Worms; Schowen .

100. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +DORESTADO Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 62; Gariel XIII, 195 (Gariel Coll.).

Cahn Dec. 1922, 502, 1.80 gr., 503, 1.63 gr., 504, 1.70 gr.; Cahn Oct. 1926, 87, 1.80 gr.; Cahn April 1929, 4, 1.80 gr.; Cahn Feb. 1931, 4, 1.61 gr.; Ménzhandl. Basel Dec. 1935, 11; Ménzhandl. Basel Oct. 1936, 306. Paris: 1.65 gr.; ANS: 1.42 gr.; Brussels: 1.29 gr., (Inv. 20) 1.35 gr., 1.38 gr., 1.52 gr., 1.54 gr. (var., one dot in each of two diagonal corners of the obv. cross), 1.56 gr., (Inv. 19) 1.58 gr., 1.72 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1191) 1.74 gr. (Plate IV); The Hague: (553) 1.50 gr.; Hermitage: 1.66 gr., 1.63 gr.; Van Rede: (1211a) 1.40 gr., (B1211) 1.59 gr., (B1208 var., rev. inscription retrograde) 1.68 gr., (B1209) 1.72 gr., (B1210) 1.75 gr. Find: Biebrich: 1.63 gr., 1.70 gr. (var., rev. inscription retrograde), 1.80 gr.; Dorestadt (1846); Schowen .

101. Obv.: +CARLVSEXFR. Six-armed star in center.

Rev.: +DORESTADO. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XII, 192 (Brussels).

Brussels: 1.34 gr. (PLATE IV, slightly enlarged).

102. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +DORESTADO. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XIII, 193 (Brussels).

Brussels: 1.42 gr., 1.49 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17506) 1.40 gr., (Inv. 17507) 1.60 gr., (Inv. 17508) 1.60 gr.; Oslo: 1.65 gr.

103. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +DORESTADO. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XIII, 194 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.44 gr., 1.49 gr., 1.70 gr. (var.), 1.80 gr.

104. Obv.: +COVCross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +DORESTADO. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XIII, 196 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.27 gr.

105. Obv.: KAROLVSIMPAVG. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: DORESTADO. Ship, with cross beneath. Denarius.

Gariel VI, 43 (Brussels).

Brussels: 1.48 gr. (Plate IV, slightly enlarged).

COLOGNE

106. Obv.: +CA∩LVϩRE+F∩ Cross with V in each corner.

Rev.: +CO+LONIA. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Hévernick, 11; Meyer Coll., 114.

Berlin: 1.64 gr. (Plate, IV).

Find: Leer.

BONN (?)

107. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Above, a cross and a globe; below, a horizontal axe. Denarius.

Prou 84 = Gariel V, 23.

Paris: 1.04 gr.; Berlin: 1.19 gr. (Plate IV); Hermitage: 1.22 gr.

Find: Schowen.

108. Obv.: image

Rev.: BONA. Above, a horizontal axe; below, a crook. Denarius.

Gariel V, 22 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 598.

Berlin: 1.10 gr. (Plate IV); Brussels: 1.20 gr.

Find: Gelderland.

MAASTRICHT

109. Obv.: image

Rev.: TRI/1ECT. Denarius.

Prou 87 = Gariel VII, 71.

Paris: 1.28 gr. (Plate V).

LIéGE

110. Obv.: image

Rev.: LEO/é/DICO. Denarius.

Prou 95 = Gariel VII, 60.

Frére 1 (4 minor varieties); Garthe Coll., 3732; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1202.

Paris: 0.97 gr.; Brussels: 1.00 gr. (Garthe specimen); The Hague: (549) 1.10 gr. (Plate V); Liége: (De Saulcy specimen).

DINANT

111. Obv.: image

Rev.: DEO/ИEll with a bar between the lines. Denarius.

Prou 96; Gariel VI, 41 (Gariel Coll.), 42 (Musée de Namur).

Gariel Coll., 603; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 9; Schulman Oct. 1913, 355. Paris: 0.68 gr.; Berlin: 0.91 gr., 1.30 gr. (Plate V); Brussels: 1.14 gr., 1.24 gr., 1.25 gr.; Munich: 1.05 gr.; Schloss Gottharp: fragment.

Find: Bel-Air; Krinkberg; Gelderland.

112. Obv.: image

Rev.: DEO/TIIAN, with a bar between the lines and three dots arranged horizontally beneath the second line. Denarius.

Gariel VI, 40 (Brussels).

Brussels: 1.39 gr. (Plate V).

CONDé-SUR-L'ESCAUT

113. Obv.: image

Rev.: COИ/DAT with a bar between the lines and a vertical at left. Denarius.

Prou 112; Gariel VI, 39 (Lausanne).

Paris: 0.83 gr. (Plate V); Brussels: 1.21 gr.

Find: Bel-Air.

TRIER

114. Obv.: image

Rev.: +TRE Denarius.

Cahn March 1926, 6, 1.02 gr.

Find: Trier.

115. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +TREVERIS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XIII, 215 (Gariel Coll.), 217 (var., Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 676.

Brussels: 1.62 gr.; Berlin: (Plate V).

116. Obv.: KAROLVS... VD. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: TREVER ... City gate, with one dot beneath. Denarius.

Berlin: 1.96 gr. (Plate V).

Find: Trier.

METZ

117. Obv.: image

Rev.: ME/TT -/IS. Obolus.

Gariel L, 46 (Robert, pl. XII, 5).

VERDUN

118. Obv.: image

Rev.: image, R, D, N, in the corners of a cross. Denarius.

Prou 143.

Paris: 0.74 gr.

119. Obv.: image with a star between the lines.

Rev.: +VIRDVN. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 144 = Gariel XI, 150.

Gariel Coll., 642.

Paris: 1.07 gr. (Plate V).

120. Obv.: image

Rev.: +VIRDVN. Dot in a beaded circle. Denarius.

Schloss Gotthorp: 0.56 gr. (damaged).

Find: "Jura," 0.88 gr., 1.11 gr., 1.20 gr.; Krinkberg.

121. Obv.: CARo/LVS.

Rev.: VIRDVNS. Globule in a circle. Denarius.

Gariel XI, 151 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 642.

Berlin: 0.92 gr.

Find: "Jura," 1.22 gr.

QUENTOVIC

121a. Obv.: KAROLVSIMPAVG. Bust laureate to right.

Rev.: QVENTVVVIC. Sailing boat. Denarius.

Ménz. u.Med. Nov. 1964,5,1.65 gr. (described as unpublished and unique).

Francia

TOURNAI

122. Obv.: image

Rev.: TOR/ +NA+ /CO, with one bar below the first line and one bar below the second. Denarius.

Prou 203 = Gariel X, 137.

Paris: 1.09 gr. (Plate V).

ARRAS

123. Obv.: image

Rev.: ADéRA/DIéS. Denarius.

Prou 214 = Gariel V, 14.

Paris: 1.10 gr. (Plate V).

AMIENS

124. Obv.: image/LVS.

Rev.: image Denarius.

Gariel V, 4 (Combrouse, pl. XII, 2).

The Hague: (lost, no weight recorded).

ST-FIRMIN (AMIENS)

125. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 228, 229 = Gariel IX, 117.

Meyer Coll., 95; DuLac Coll. II, 472; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1210; Ménz. u. Med. July 1955, 492.

Paris: 1.10 gr., 1.10 gr.; ANS: 1.29 gr. (var.); Vienna: 1.12 gr. (Plate V).

126. Obv.: CA/ROL/REX.

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 230 = Gariel IX, 118.

Paris: 1.18 gr. (Plate V).

LAON

127. Obv.: image

Rev.: JΛV/DVII. Denarius.

Schloss Gotthorp: 0.76 gr. (damaged).

Find: Krinkberg.

128. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Cross. Denarius.

Prou 268; Gariel VII, 60 (Gariel Coll.).

Ménz u. Med. Dec. 1957, 672, 1.15 gr.

Paris: 1.32 gr.; ANS: 1.15 gr. (Plate V).

129. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Cross. Denarius.

Gariel VII, 61 (Gariel Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 83; Bordeaux Coll., 170 (ex Meyer); Peus Oct. 1955, 1.

Berlin: (Plate V).

130. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +LAVDVNO :. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XIII, 198 (RBN 1855, pl. I, 2).

Biebrich: 1.75 gr.

STE-MARIE (LAON)

131. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR:... LAVↃWO around a dot.

Rev.: +S-CAMARIA. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 267.

Paris: 1.79 gr.

132. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. LADVNO around a cross.

Rev.: +SCAMARIA. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XIII, 199 (DuLac Coll. II).

DuLac Coll. II, 475.

RHEIMS

133. Obv.: image

Rev.: REM/CIVIT, with a bar between the lines. Denarius.

Prou 291.

Paris: 0.84 gr.

Find: Ilanz II, 1.35 gr.

134. Obv.: image

Rev.: image with a bar between the lines. Denarius.

Prou 292; Gariel IX, 107 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 632; Meyer Coll., 93; Riechman Dec. 1934, 32.

Paris: 1.08 gr. (Plate V); Berlin: 1.12 gr.

Find: Chézy-l'Abbaye.

135. Obv.: image

Rev.: image with a bar above the monogram. Denarius.

Find: "Jura," 1.00 gr.

ST-MARIE (RHEIMS)

136. Obv.: image

Rev.: SCMAR'AREM℞. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Prou 289 = Gariel X, 122.

Meyer Coll., 96.

Paris: 1.09 gr.

Find: Chézy-l'Abbaye.

137. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Prou 290 = Gariel X, 121 (also in Gariel Coll., 1.20 gr.).

Gariel Coll., 634.

Paris: 0.92 gr.; Berlin: (Plate V).

138. Obv.: image

Rev.: SCMAR'AREMR. Cross with two dots in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Prou 289.

Paris: 1.09 gr.

Find: Chézy-l'Abbaye.

139. Obv.: image.

Rev.: image Cross with one dot in each corner. At the top of the cross, a smaller cross. Denarius.

Prou 290.

Paris: 0.92 gr.

ST. DENIS

139a. Obv.: CARLVSREXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: SCIDVONISII. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XIII, 212 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 468; Gariel Coll., 674; Meyer Coll., 125; Ménz. u.Med. June 1951, 369.

Berlin: 1.57 gr., 1.77 gr.

Find: Biebrich, 1.70 gr.

After this catalogue was in order, Vélckers published his attribution of a coin of this type to the Biebrich deposit (p. 185: XLII, 31), and it is pleasant duty to acknowledge the plausibility of his argument that Charlemagne, not Charles the Bald, was the issuer.

ROUEN

140. Obv.: image

Rev.: R⋄D/OM. Denarius.

Paris: 1.20 gr.

141. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +ROTOMAGVS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XIII, 211 (RBN 1852, pl. XIII, 6).

142. Obv.: +KARONISIMPAVG. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: +RODMAGVM. City gate. Denarius.

Gariel XXIV, 92 (Combrouse, pl. VII, 4).

Neustria

LE MANS

143. Obv.: image

Rev.: CINOMANI. Cross with one dart in each of two diagonal corners.

RN 1856, p. 182, pl. V, 3.

144. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Cross. Denarius.

Schloss Gotthorp: 1.10 gr.

Find: Bel-Air; Krinkberg.

TOURS

145. Obv.: image

Rev.: TVRNIS. Cross in a circlet of dots. Denarius.

Gariel X, 139 (Gariel Coll.).

Riechman Nov. 1924, 16; Riechman April 1928, 622; Hamburger Nov. 1928, 822; Ménz. u. Med. July 1955, 494; Kress Oct. 1960, 1374.

Berlin: 1.16 gr.; ANS: 1.25 gr.; Stuttgart: (2v8466, var.) 1.09 gr.

146. Obv.: image Rev.: image Cross. Denarius.

Berlin: 1.13 gr.

147. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross. Rev.: +TVRONIS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 443; Gariel XIII, 214 (Gariel Coll.), XXIV, 73 (Gariel Coll.). Rousseau Coll., 326; Gariel Coll., 675, 854; Meyer Coll., 129; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1221.

Paris: 1.65 gr.; Berlin: 1.55 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.63 gr. (Plate VI); ANS: 1.61 gr.; Brussels: 1.49 gr., (Inv. 28) 1.67 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1205) 1.45 gr. (Plate VI); The Hague: (Inv. 17641) 1.40 gr., (Inv. 17579) 1.60 gr.; Munich: 1.69 gr.

Find: Dorestadt (1846); Biebrich: 1.60 gr.

ST-MARTIN (TOURS)

148. Obv.: image with a bar between the lines.

Rev.: image in a beaded circle. Denarius.

Berlin: 1.19 gr.

149. Obv.: image with a bar between the lines.

Rev.: image Cross. Denarius.

Prou 440; Gariel X, 124 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 8.

Gariel Coll., 635.

Paris: 1.33 gr.; Berlin: 1.19 gr., 1.23 gr., 1.24 gr. (Plate VI); BM: (57–9–1–9. IGP), 1.27 gr.

Find: Imphy.

150. Obv.: image with a bar between the lines.

Rev.: +SCIMART1N. Circle of nine points. Denarius.

Gariel X, 123 (Sarzana find).

Cahn April 1912, 3.

Berlin: (Plate VI).

Find: Sarzana.

151. Obv.: image

Rev.: +SCMARTN. Cross. Denarius.

Find: Ilanz II, 1.28 gr.

CHARTRES

152. Obv.: image

Rev.: Man standing, full front, both arms extended, and holding a cross in each hand. Dots in field. Denarius.

Gariel VI, 28 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find).

Berlin: 1.34 gr. (Plate VI).

Find: Imphy.

153. Obv.: image

Rev.: CARNOTIS. In center, image Denarius.

Prou 488; Gariel VI, 25 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 599; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 8; Ménzhandl. Basel Oct. 1936, 302; Ménz u. Med. Dec. 1957, 669, 1.21 gr; Kress Oct. 1960, 1369.

Paris: 1.39 gr.; Berlin: 1.15 gr.; ANS: 1.21 gr. (Plate VI); Grierson: 0.66 gr. (damaged); Munich: 1.12 gr.; Schloss Gotthorp: 0.84 gr.

Find: Jelsum; "Jura," 1.16 gr.; Krinkberg; Ilanz II, 1.22 gr.

154. Obv.: image

Rev.: +CARNOTAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 489; Gariel VI, 26 (RN 1846, p. 124), XLIX, 16 (RN 1846, p. 125).

Meyer Coll., 77; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1957, 670,1.28 gr.; Kress Oct. 1960, 1368.

Paris: 1.05 gr. (Plate VI).

155. Obv.: image

Rev.: +CARNOAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel VI, 27 (RN 1846, p. 124).

156. Obv.: CAR/LVS/R.

Rev.: +CARNOTIS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLIX, 16 (RN 1846, p. 125).

CHATEAUDUN

157. Obv.: image Cross.

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 938 = Gariel VII, 53.

Paris: 1.31 gr.

158. Obv.: image

Rev.: DV/NO, with a bar between the lines and two dots at each end of the bar. Denarius.

Munich: 1.36 gr.

159. Obv.: +CARLVSREXF. Cross.

Rev.: +DVNNOS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XIII, 197 (Voillemier Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 118; Cahn April 1899, 6; Rosenberg Nov. 1904, 12; Rosenberg 1906, 4.

Berlin: (Plate VI).

160. Obv.: +CARLVSREXF. Cross.

Rev.: +CASTELDVN. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XII, 190 (Combrouse, pl. X, 4).

Berlin: (Plate VI).

Burgundy

TROYES

161. Obv.: image

Rev.: TRI/éGé+é Denarius.

Prou 541 = Gariel VIII, 73.

Paris: 1.04 gr. (Plate VI); Brussels: 1.27 gr.

Find: Gelderland.

162. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 542; Gariel VII, 72.

Paris: 1.15 gr. (Plate VI).

LANGRES

163. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Schloss Gotthorp: 0.98 gr.

Find: Krinkberg.

LYON

164. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 627; Gariel VII, 68 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 611; Kricheldorf June 1961, 318.

Paris: 1.30 gr.; Berlin: 1.14 gr. (Plate VI).

Find: Imphy; Ilanz II, 1.32 gr.

165. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 628; Gariel VII, 69 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 612 (two pieces); Hamburger Nov. 1912, 10; Helbing Dec. 1917, 3; Schlessinger March 1930, 1483; Ratto Dec. 1930, 2383; Blaser-Frey June 1963, 1.

Paris: 1.15 gr.; Berlin: 1.28 gr. (Plate VI); ANS: 1.18 gr.; Blunt: 1.17 gr.; Hannover: (Inv. 1930.10) 1.20 gr.; Schloss Gotthorp: 1.21 gr., 1.23 gr., a third exemplar, unweighed.

Find: Imphy; Krinkberg.

166. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +LVGDVNVM. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 629; Gariel XIII, 200 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 668; Hamburger Sept. 1926, 2; Cahn Oct. 1926, 88, 1.65 gr.

Paris: 1.64 gr.; Berlin: 1.76 gr. (Plate VI); Copenhagen: (T. 1192) 1.38 gr.; Van Rede: (B1248) 1.27 gr.

Find: Ibersheim, 1.57 gr.; Biebrich: 1.67 gr.

167. Obv.: +KAROLVSIMPAVG. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: +LVGDVNVM. City Gate. Denarius.

Gariel XXIV, 90 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 863.

Berlin: 1.91 gr. (Plate VI).

Find: Achlum.

BESANéON

168. Obv.: image

Rev.: image with a bar between the lines. Denarius.

Gariel V, 20 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 597.

Berlin: 1.04 gr. (Plate VI).

Brittany

RENNES

169. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 649 = Gariel IX, 110.

Paris: 1.24 gr.

170. Obv.: image

Rev.: REDO/NIS, with a bar between the lines. Denarius.

Prou 650; Gariel IX, 108 (Gariel Coll.), 109.

Gariel Coll., 633.

Paris: 1.22 gr.; Berlin: 1.18 gr.

171. Obv.: image

Rev.: R ⋄D/OM. Denarius.

Cahn April 1912, 2.

Aquitaine

MELLE

172. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: METVLLO. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 688; Gariel XIII, 209 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 673; Cahn Dec. 1922, 496, 1.50 gr.; Helbing Oct. 1927, 2381; Riechman April 1928, 624; Ménzhandl. Basel Dec. 1935, 12; Ménz u. Med. July 1955, 495; Kricheldorf May 1956, 328; Kress Oct. i960,1371. Paris: 1.67 gr.; Berlin: 1.59 gr., 1.62 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.66 gr., 1.67 gr., 1.70 gr., 1.73 gr. (Plate VI); ANS: 1.68 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 25) 1.72 gr., 1.76 gr.; Munich: 1.62 gr., 1.51 gr.; Vienna: 1.60 gr.

Find: Bondeno (?); Bébingen; Ibersheim, 1.71 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.77 gr.; Belvézet; Steckborn; Biebrich: 1.30 gr.; Dorestadt (1846).

This type was also struck extensively under Charles the Bald, and additional entries will be found under his name.

BOURGES

173. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +B1TVRICAS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 728; Gariel XXII, 38 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 824; Rousseau Coll., 312, 313, 378; Cahn April 1912, 5; Cahn Dec. 1922, 501, 1.70 gr.; Riechman Nov. 1924, 12; Kress Dec. 1956, 459.

Paris: 1.59 gr.; Berlin: 1.57 gr. (Plate VII); ANS: 1.66 gr.; The Hague: (556) 1.65 gr., (Inv. 17594) 1.70 gr.

Find: Biebrich, 1.70 gr.

174. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +BITVRICAS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 729, 730, 731, 732; Gariel XXII, 43 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 829; Cahn Dec. 1922, 500, 1.72 gr.

Paris: 1.80 gr., 1.70 gr., 1.77 gr., 1.66 gr.; Berlin: 1.67 gr., 1.68 gr. (Plate VII); Grierson: 1.63 gr., 1.69 gr.

Find: Biebrich.

175. Obv.: +CARLVS+RE. Cross.

Rev.: +BITVRICASé Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XXII, 42 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 828.

Berlin: 1.42 gr.

CLERMONT

176. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 763; Gariel VI, 29 (Gariel Coll.), 30 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 600; Meyer Coll., 78.

Paris: 1.05 gr., (763a) 1.15 gr.; Berlin: 1.26 gr.

AGEN

177. Obv.: +CARLVSEXFR. Cross.

Rev.: image Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 792.

Paris: 1.36 gr. (Plate VII); Garrett: (6134) 1.73 gr.

Find: Ibersheim, 1.64 gr.

178. Obv.: +CARLVSRXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +AGINNO. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 793.

Cahn April 1912, 4; Kricheldorf Nov. 1960, 295; Théry Coll. 1963, 383.

Paris: 1.60 gr.; ANS: 1.64 gr.; Brussels: 1.25 gr.; Grierson: 1.24 gr.

Find: Biebrich; Dorestadt (1846).

179. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +AGINNO. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 794; Gariel XXII, 26 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 816; Rousseau Coll., 309; Cahn Dec. 1922, 407, 1.60 gr.; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 49; Kress Oct. 1960, 1429.

Paris: 1.50 gr.; Berlin: 1.45 gr., 1.64 gr.; ANS: 1.57 gr.; Blunt: 1.23 gr.; Brussels: 1.25 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 724) 1.31 gr. (Plate VII); Grierson: 1.57 gr.

Find: Biebrich, 1.60 gr.

Gascony

DAX ( ?)

180. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: + CIAGVIS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XII, 185 (Gariel).

Gariel Coll., 662; Meyer Coll., 116.

The Hague: (Inv. 17649) 1.70 gr. (var. image).

Toulousain

TOULOUSE

181. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev: +TOLVSA. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 801, 802, 800 (var.)

Rousseau Coll., 323, 324, 325, 381 (TOLOAS); Cahn June 1903, 1; Cahn Dec. 1922, 498, 1.60 gr.; Cahn Dec. 1922, 499, 1.55 gr.; Kress Nov. 1966, 1480.

Paris: 1.63 gr., 1.40 gr., 1.52 gr.; ANS: 1.36 gr. (damaged); Copenhagen: (K. P. 7211) 1.49 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17619) 1.40 gr., (Inv. 17620) 1.40 gr., (Inv. 17621) 1.40 gr., (Inv. 17622) 1.50 gr. (Plate VII); Vienna: 1.59 gr.

Find: Biebrich, 1.55 gr., 1.60 gr.; Schowen.

Septimania

BéZIERS

182. Obv.: image

Rev.: BE, TE, RR, IS, in the arms of a cross. Denarius.

Engel and Serrure, p. 206.

Find: Mosciano San Angelo.

183. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +BEDERRIS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XXII, 36 (van der Chijs, pl. XII, 32).

Find: Bondeno.

NARBONNE

184. Obv.: image

Rev.: N, R, B, ⋄, in the corners of a cross. Two curved bars extend symmetrically from each end of the cross. Denarius.

Gariel IX, 101 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 629.

Berlin: 1.12 gr. (Plate VII).

185. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +NARBONA. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 835; Gariel XXIII, 62 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 321; Gariel Coll., 840; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1217, 1218; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1957, 685, 1.14 gr.; Kricheldorf Nov. 1960, 297, 298. Paris: 1.19 gr.; Berlin: 1.11 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.74 gr.; ANS: 1.14 gr. (Plate VII); Brussels: 1.32 gr.; The Hague: (557) 1.10 gr.

Find: Schowen.

Spanish March

AMPURIAS

186. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +INPVRIAS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XXII, 27 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 817; Heiss, p. 134, pl. 87, 2.

Berlin: 1.01 gr. (Plate VII).

GIRONA

187. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: image Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 829; Gariel XXIII, 56 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 836.

Paris: 1.38 gr.; Berlin: 0.81 gr. (damaged); Hermitage: (Plate VII).

BARCELONA

188. Obv.: +CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +BARCINONA (retrograde). Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XXII, 34 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 822; Heiss, p. 57, pl. 77, 1 (var. +BVRCINONA).

Berlin: 1.10 gr., 1.35 gr.

189. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +BARCINONA. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XXII, 35 (V. Ramm Coll.).

Provence

AVIGNON

190. Obv.: image

Rev.: A, VI, NI, O, in the corners of a cross. Bar above. Denarius.

Prou 851 = Gariel V, 17.

Paris: 1.13 gr.

VIENNE

191. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VIEN+NA. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XIII, 216 (Fillon, Lettres é Dugast-Matifeux).

Find: Biebrich (?), 1.75 gr.

Arles

192. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AR'ELATO Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XII, 187 (Cabinet de France, perhaps Prou 854).

193. Obv.: +CA'RLVSREXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AR'EL'ATO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXII, 31 (Gariel Coll.), 33 (Gariel Coll., var.).

Gariel Coll., 821; Schulman June 1961, 159.

ANS: 1.40 gr.

194. Obv.: +CARLV'SR'EXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +A'R'EL'ATO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 852.

Cahn Dec. 1932, 1216 (var.).

Paris: 1.53 gr.; Groningen Museum: (1610 var); The Hague: (Inv. 17625) 1.00 gr., (Inv. 17627) 1.29 gr., both damaged.

195. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ARELATO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 855 = Gariel XII, 186; BMS 9.

Paris: 1.67 gr.; BM: (48–2–15–43) 1.27 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17626) 0.90 gr. (fragment), (552) 1.15 gr., (Inv. 17623) 1.40 gr., (Inv. 17624) 1.40 gr.

Find: Leer.

196. Obv.: +CARLVSREX'FR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AR'E'LATO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 853 = Gariel XXII, 32.

Paris: 1.56 gr.; Berlin: 1.11 gr.; ANS: 1.40 gr.; Grierson: 1.53 gr. (var.).

Find: Ibersheim (var.), 1.57 gr.

197. Obv.: +CARLVSR'EXF'R'. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: AR'ELATO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 854.

Hamburger Nov. 1912, 19; Meyer Coll., 111.

Paris: 1.49 gr.; Berlin: (Plate VII); ANS: 1.48 gr.; Grierson: 1.67 gr. (var.).

Find: Schowen.

198. Obv.: DNKARLVSIMPAVGREXFETL. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: AT'OELAR'E. City gate, degenerate. Denarius.

Gariel V, 9 (Gariel Coll., 1.70 gr.).

Gariel Coll., 593.

Berlin: 1.65 gr. (Plate VII).

MARSEILLE

199. Obv.: image

Rev.: image in the corners of a cross. Above the cross, a bar; three dots at its feet. Denarius.

Berlin: 1.07 gr. (Plate VII).

200. Obv.: image

Rev.: M, A, SL, S, in the corners of a cross. A bar above. Denarius.

Prou 884 = Gariel VIII, 79.

Gariel Coll., 615.

Paris: 1.29 gr. (Plate VII).

201. Obv.: image

Rev.: image in the corners of a cross. A bar above, a dot beneath. Denarius.

Prou 885; Gariel VIII, 78 (Marseille), 76 (Marseille), 77 (Marseille, var.). Paris: 1.11 gr. (Plate VII); Berlin: 0.83 gr., 0.96 gr., 1.14 gr.; Schloss Gotthorp: 1.02 gr.

Find: Krinkberg.

202. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +MASSILIA. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XIII, 201 (Marseille).

203. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +MASSILIA. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XIII, 202 (Fillon, Lettres é Dugast-Matifeux).

Italy

PARMA

204. Obv.: image

Rev.: R F, separated by P -R/A/M. Denarius.

Gariel XI, 166 (RN 1856, pp. 188–189).

Periodico di Numismatica e Sfragistica, II (1869), pl. I, 1.

Find: Domburg.

205. Obv.: image

Rev.: P, A, R, M, in the corners of a cross, centering upon a circlet. Denarius.

Periodico di Numismatica e Sfragistica, II (1869), pl. I, 2; CNI IX, p. 395, 2–4.

206. Obv.: image

Rev.: P'A'R/'M'A'. Denarius.

CNI IX, p. 395, 5.

The Hague: (551) 0.92 gr.

Find: Ilanz II, 1.16 gr.

PAVIA

207. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +PAPIA. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 897; BMS 10.

CNI IV, pp. 466–468, 2–23; Rousseau Coll., 333; Cahn Dec. 1922, 508, 1.40 gr.; Cahn March 1926, 14, 1.70 gr.; Cahn Oct. 1926, 84, 1.80 gr., 85, 1.60 gr.; Cahn April 1929, 5, 1.78 gr.; Cahn Oct. 1929, 890, 1.40 gr.; Helbing Oct. 1933, 1525; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1949, 466; Lockett Coll., 323; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1961, 256, 1.47 gr.

Paris: 1.40 gr.; ANS: 1.43 gr., 1.70 gr. (Plate VIII); BM: (55–6–12–492. IGP) 1.71 gr.; Brussels: 1.32 gr.; Grierson: 1.54 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17629) 1.60 gr.; Munich: 1.30 gr., 1.64 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.72 gr.; Oslo: 1.63 gr.; Papadopoli: (121–124) 1.32 gr., 1.50 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.67 gr.; Stuttgart: (2V4982) 1.59 gr., (2V8501) 1.64 gr.; Vienna: 1.69 gr., 1.72 gr.; Yale: 1.70 gr.

Find: Bondeno; Ibersheim: 1.43 gr., 1.70 gr., 1.72 gr., 1.76 gr.; Biebrich, 1.40 gr.; Ilanz II, 1.58 gr.; Belvézet; Dorestadt (1846); Mainz (St. Alban); Schowen.

208. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +PéAPIA. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XII, 179 (Brussels).

Berlin: 1.56 gr., 1.62 gr., 1.64 gr., 1.76 gr.; Brussels: 1.48 gr.;. The Hague: (Inv. 17651) 1.00 gr., (Inv. 17630) 1.30 gr., (Inv. 17631) 1.40 gr.; Stuttgart: (Π6. 1951/242) 1.49 gr.

209. Obv.: +CARL'VSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +PAPIA. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 898.

Paris: 1.69 gr.

210. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +PAéPIA. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 899.

Paris: 1.53 gr.

MILAN

211. Obv.: image

Rev.: MED/IO 4. Denarius.

Find: Ilanz II, 1.27 gr.

212. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +MEDIOI4. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 905, 906; Gariel XII, 178 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 11, 12.

Gariel Coll., 654; CNI V, p. 5f., 24–32. Rousseau Coll., 330–332; Cahn March 1926, 13, 1.65 gr.; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1957, 674, 1.59 gr., Cahn Oct. 1929, 889, 1.62 gr.; Helbing Oct. 1933, 1295; Ménz u. Med. Dec. 1949, 465; Lockett Coll., 322; Kricheldorf Nov. i960, 296; Nascia Oct. 1949, 262; Kress Nov. 1966, 1462.

Paris: 1.61 gr., 1.67 gr.; Berlin: 1.55 gr., 1.75 gr., 1.76 gr., 1.77 gr. (Plate VIII); ANS: 1.30 gr.; Assen Museum: (M1870) 1.70 gr.; Blunt: 1.63 gr.; BM: (57–9–1–3. IGP) 1.67 gr., (1906–11–3–4061. Parkes Weber Gift) 1.61 gr.; Garrett: (6116) 1.51 gr.; Grierson: 1.72 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17636) 1.70 gr. (damaged), (555) 1.18 gr. (damaged), (Inv. 17635) 1.60 gr.; Hannover: (Inv. 1931.27) 1.74 gr.; Munich: 1.44 gr.; Oslo: 1.63 gr.; Papadopoli: (127) 1.48 gr., (128) 1.50 gr.; Vienna: 1.52 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.77 gr.; Yale.

Find: Bondeno; Ibersheim, 1.58 gr., 1.70 gr.; Dorestadt (1846); Roswinkel, 1.70 gr.; Burgheim.

CASTEL SEPRIO

212a. Obv.: image within a beaded circle. Raised point in the center.

Rev.: SEBRIO, in the form of a cross within a beaded circle. Zérich (Schweizerische Landsmuseum): 1.20 gr.

Find: Grosso in the Mesolcina.

TREVISO

213. Obv.: image

Rev.: +TARVISIVS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XII, 180 (Gariel Coll.).

CNI VI, p. 226 f, 1–7.

Berlin: 1.36 gr.

Find: Vercelli.

214. Obv.: image

Rev.: +TA'RVISIVS. Cross in a beaded circle. Denarius.

Gariel XII, 181 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 656; Meyer Coll., 106; Lockett Coll., 324.

Vienna: 1.15 gr.; Berlin: (Plate VIII).

Find: Ilanz II, 1.27 gr.

215. Obv.: Karolus monogram, with one group of three dots in each corner.

Rev.: imageBall at center. Denarius.

Prou 911.

CNI VI, p. 227, 13.

Paris: 1.23 gr.; Vienna: 1.17 gr.

216. Obv.: Karolus monogram, with one group of three dots in each corner.

Rev.: +TARVISO. Ball at center. Denarius.

Gariel XII, 183 (Gariel Coll.).

CNI VI, p. 227, 12; Gariel Coll., 658; Meyer Coll., 108; Hess June 1888, 45.

Berlin: 1.11 gr. (Plate VIII).

Find: Ilanz II, 1.31 gr., 1.32 gr.

217. Obv.: Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TARVISO. Ball at center. Denarius.

CNI VI, p. 227, 8–10.

218. Obv.: Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TARVIS. Ball at center. Denarius.

CNI VI, p. 227, 11.

219. Obv.: Karolus monogram, quartered by RE/X/FR/R:.

Rev.: image Ball at center. Denarius.

CNI VI, p. 227, 14.

220. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +TARVIS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 912; Gariel XII, 182 (Gariel Coll., var.); BMS 13.

CNI VI, p. 228, 15–24 (var.); Gariel Coll., 657; Meyer Coll., 107; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1961, 281.

Paris: 1.49 gr., (912a) 1.70 gr.; Berlin: 1.46 gr., 1.52 gr. (Plate VIII); ANS: 2.11 gr. (genuine?); BM: (57–9–1–4. IGP fragment) 1.24 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 1716) 1.20 gr.; Garrett: (6117) 1.50 gr.; Grierson: 1.68 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.89 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17642) 1.40 gr., (Inv. 17643) 1.50 gr.

Find: Bondeno; Dorestadt (1846).

LUCCA

221. Obv.: image

Rev.: L, V, C, A, in the corners of an elaborate beaded cross. Denarius.

Gariel XII, 174 (Vatican Coll.), 175 (Gariel Coll.).

CNI, p. 59, 12; Blunt, BNJ 1948, pp. 282 f; Rousseau Coll., 329; Gariel Coll., 652; 653, Hamburger Jan. 1902, 1842; Martinori Coll., 1374. Berlin: 1.16 gr. (Plate VIII).

222. Obv.: CARo/LVS.

Rev.: LVCA, in one line. Denarius.

Gariel XII, 176 (Domenico Massagli Coll.).

223. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +'LVCA. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 915, 916 (var.); Gariel XII, 177 (Gariel Coll.).

Paris: 1.50 gr., 1.32 gr.; Berlin: 1.76 gr. (Plate VIII).

224. Obv.: +CARLVSRE+FR. Cross.

Rev.: +P.ISA. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

CNI XII, p. 286, 2, 3. Periodico di Numismatica et Sfragistica, III (1870), pl.11,4.

FLORENCE

225. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Gariel XII, 171 (Musée de Voltura).

CNI XII, p. 1, 1.

Indeterminate Mints

FIRST PERIOD

226. Obv.: image

Rev.: image with three dots before the R and one dot between the letters. Denarius.

Prou 891, 892; Gariel V, 1 (Gariel Coll.), 2 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find).

Paris: 1.24 gr., 1.06 gr., (895a) 1.10 gr. (var.); Berlin: 1.05 gr., 1.15 gr., 1.17 gr., 1.22 gr., 1.23 gr.; ANS: 1.18 gr.; Brussels: 1.30 gr., 1.32 gr., 1.33 gr., 1.34 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. Pr. p. 140) 1.10 gr. (Plate VIII); The Hague: (535) 1.07 gr. (damaged); Munich: 1.05 gr.; Schloss Gotthorp: 0.87 gr., 0.99 gr., and three additional exemplars, unweighed. All these pieces are severely damaged; Stuttgart: (2v5188) 1.02 gr.; Van Rede: (B1207a) 1.30 gr.; Vienna: 1.12 gr. (var).

Find: "Jura," 1.26 gr.; Sarzana; Krinkberg; Ilanz II, 0.82 gr., 0.92 gr., 0.95 gr., 1.00 gr., 1.01 gr., 1.02 gr., 1.05 gr., 1.05 gr., 1.06 gr., 1.12 gr., 1.18 gr., 1.21 gr., 1.25 gr., 1.26 gr., 1.26 gr., 1.28 gr., 1.28 gr., 1.34 gr., 1.35 gr.; Bonn; Sneek.

227. Obv.: image

Rev.: image with one dot in the central corner of the M. Denarius. Gariel V, 5 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 591.

Berlin: 1.09 gr.

228. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Gariel V, 6 (Gariel Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 73.

Berlin : 1.34 gr.

229. Obv.: CARo/LVS.

Rev.: Cross with one dot in each corner, a bar pendent from each end of the cross bar, and curved bars extending symmetrically downward from the head of the cross to the ends of the cross bar. A small cross at the head of the larger. Denarius.

Prou 316; Gariel IX, 104 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 630.

Paris: 1.03 gr.; Berlin: 1.11 gr. (Plate VIII).

230. Obv.: image

Rev.: Four curved lines forming a cruciform rosette. Denarius.

Gariel VII, 70 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 87 (ex Imphy).

Berlin: 0.88 gr.; Brussels: 1.18 gr.

231. Obv.: image

Rev.: image with C before the R and E between the R and the F. Denarius.

Prou 893; Gariel XI, 164 (Gariel Coll.).

CNI V, p. 6, 34 (as Milan); Lafaurie, AN SCent. Publ., p. 411; Bordeaux Coll., 175; Nascia, Oct. 1965, 261; Ratto March 1957, 329; Nascia March 1966, 578.

Paris: 0.75 gr. (damaged); Berlin: 0.84 gr., 0.99 gr., 1.14 gr., 1.26 gr.; ANS: 0.97 gr. (Plate VIII).

Find: Bel-Air; Sarzana.

232. Obv.: image

Rev.: image with V between the R and the F. Denarius.

Prou 894 = Gariel XI, 168.

Paris: 1.10 gr.

Find: Vercelli.

233. Obv.: image

Rev.: image with five dots between the legs of the R. Denarius.

Prou 895.

Paris: 0.93 gr.; Grierson: 1.32 gr.

234. Obv.: image

Rev.: image with bars between the lines. Denarius.

Gariel V, 8 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 592; Meyer Coll., 74; Cahn April 1899, 1.

Berlin: 1.28 gr. (Plate VIII).

235. Obv.: image

Rev.: image with a bar between the lines. Denarius.

Prou 100; Gariel V, 15 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 595.

Paris: 0.82 gr.

Berlin: 1.41 gr. (Plate VIII).

236. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Gariel V, 18 (Combrouse, pl. XII, 1).

Riechman Nov. 1924, 11, 1.05 gr.

Berlin: (Plate VIII).

237. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 887; Gariel V, 10 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 594 (two pieces); Cahn March 1926, 4.

Paris: 1.22 gr.; Berlin: 1.22 gr. (Plate VIII).

238. Obv.: image

Rev.: A, R, D, IS, in the corners of a cross. A bar above, and one dot at the end of each lower arm. Denarius.

Prou 888 = Gariel V, 11; Prou 889; Prou 890 (var.) = Gariel V, 13; Gariel V, 12 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find), 13.

Meyer Coll., 75; Ménz. u. Med. July 1955, 487, 488; Kricheldorf Nov. 1960, 290 (withdrawn as forgery).

Paris: 1.22 gr., 1.08 gr., 1.13 gr.; Berlin: 1.39 gr.; Brussels: 1.07 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1183) 1.13 gr. (Plate VIII); Grierson: 1.42 gr.

Find: Imphy; Vercelli; Ilanz II, 1.22 gr., 1.28 gr.

239. Obv.: +KRL+℞F, around a circlet.

Rev.: +AR :. FIVF, around a circlet. Denarius.

Prou 6.

Paris: 1.03 gr.

240. Obv.: image

Rev.: AR, SN, I, around a triangular point. Denarius.

Gariel VI, 31 (Combrouse, pl. XII, 1).

241. Obv.: image

Rev.: BAB. Above, a horizontal axe; below, image Denarius.

Prou 85 = Gariel V, 19.

Meyer Coll., 76.

Paris: 1.20 gr. (Plate VIII).

242. Obv.: image

Rev.: PAB. Bar above, cross below. Denarius.

Gariel IX, 103 (San Quintino Coll.).

Cahn Dec. 1932, 1209; Kricheldorf Nov. 1960, 293.

ANS: 0.97 gr.

243. Obv.: image

Rev.: B, E, R, R, ℞, in the corners of a cross. Denarius.

Berlin: 1.16 gr.

244. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Before the inscription, an indecipherable sign. Denarius.

Prou 930; Gariel V, 21 (Gariel Coll.).

Cahn Dec. 1932, 1200.

Paris: 1.24 gr.

Find: Vercelli; Middelstum.

245. Obv.: image

Rev.: image horizontal axe. Denarius.

Berlin: 1.02 gr.

246. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Cruciform rosette of four dots. Denarius.

Cappe, II, pl. XXI, 215, 1.15 gr.; Cahn March 1926, 7.

247. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 931; Gariel V, 24 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find.).

Paris: 1.30 gr.; Berlin: 1.34 gr. (Plate VIII).

Find: Imphy.

248. Obv.: image

Rev.: imageDenarius.

Prou 932; Gariel VII, 59 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll.).

Paris: 0.94 gr.; Berlin: 0.87 gr. (Plate IX).

249. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Gariel VI, 32–37 (var.); BMS 14.

Gariel Coll., 601, 602; Meyer Coll., 79; Bordeaux Coll., 168, 0.98 gr.; Helbing Oct. 1912, 16641; Glendining Mar. 1964, 271.

Berlin: 1.18 gr., 1.30 gr. (Plate IX); BM: (55–6–14–8.E; fragment) 0.76 gr.; Brussels: 0.92 gr., 1.14 gr., 1.21 gr., 1.22 gr., 1.27 gr., 1.28 gr.; Copenhagen: 1.35 gr.; Schloss Gotthorp: 0.70 gr., 0.74 gr., 0.91 gr., and one additional exemplar, unweighed.

Find: Jelsum, 0.99 gr.; Krinkberg; Gelderland.

250. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 934 = Gariel VI, 38.

Paris: 1.18 gr.; Grierson: 1.09 gr.; The Hague: (536) 1.20 gr. (Plate IX); Hermitage: 1.19 gr.

Find: Jelsum, 0.96 gr.; Vercelli; Gelderland.

251. Obv.: image

Rev.: +CAR/RA:.S. Denarius.

Berlin: 1.23 gr.

252. Obv.: image

Rev.: imageDenarius.

Prou 933; Gariel VII, 57 (Brussels), 58 (Gariel Coll., 1.25 gr.).

Gariel Coll., 607.

Paris: 1.03 gr. (damaged); Berlin: 1.25 gr. (Plate IX); Brussels: 1.20 gr., 1.24 gr.; Schloss Gotthorp: 0.93 gr.

Find: Krinkberg; Gelderland.

253. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Schloss Gotthorp: 1.07 gr.

Find: Krinkberg.

254. Obv.: image

Rev.: image with a bar between the lines. Denarius.

Gariel IX, 105 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 631; Meyer Coll., 92.

Berlin: 1.04 gr., 1.11 gr. (Plate IX); Schloss Gotthorp: 1.03 gr., and one additional exemplar, unweighed.

Find: Krinkberg.

255. Obv.: image

Rev.: ECOLISINA. Cross, Denarius.

Gariel V, 7 (Voillemier Coll.).

Berlin: 1.30 gr. (Plate IX).

256. Obv.: image

Rev.: EIΔ/. . + / -, (retrograde). Denarius.

Gariel V, 16 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 596.

Berlin: 1.14 gr.

257. Obv.: image

Rev.: image with a bar between the lines and two dots at each end of the line. Denarius.

Gariel VII, 54 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find), 55 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., var.).

Meyer Coll., 82.

Paris: (7a) 1.25 gr.; Berlin: 1.15 gr., 1.27 gr. (Plate IX).

Find: Imphy.

258. Obv.: image

Rev.: INSCOCIV. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XI, 148 (RN 1846, p. 187).

259. Obv.: image

Rev.: IR⋄D/ANI, semi-linear, semi-circumscriptional. Denarius.

Gariel IX, 114 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 94 (ex Imphy).

Berlin: 1.21 gr. (Plate IX).

Find: Imphy.

260. Obv.: image

Rev.: LEM, between a bar terminating in three dots and a cross between two dots. Denarius.

Prou 773 = Gariel VII, 65; Gariel VII, 64 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 610; Meyer Coll., 85; Ménz. u. Med. July 1955, 489, 1.30 gr.; Kress Oct. 1960, 1380.

Paris: 1.30 gr.; Berlin: 1.11 gr., 1.14 gr. (Plate IX); ANS: 1.30 gr. (Kress specimen); Grierson: 0.80 gr. (damaged); The Hague: (Inv. 17598, var., both inscriptions retrograde) 1.00 gr.; Hermitage: 1.23 gr.; Schloss Gotthorp: 1.00 gr., 1.06 gr., 1.08 gr.

Find: Krinkberg.

261. Obv.: image

Rev.: LEM, between a bar terminating in a cross and image Denarius.

Prou 774 = Gariel VII, 66; Gariel VII, 67 (Fabre Coll.).

Paris: 1.31 gr.; Berlin: 1.02 gr., 1.14 gr., 1.22 gr. (Plate IX); Schloss Gotthorp: 1.08 gr., and one additional exemplar, unweighed.

Find: Krinkberg.

262. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

(See D. M. Metcalf, "Coins of Charlemagne Reading DMAG. C. S.," HBN 1964/65, pp. 13–20).

Prou 935, 936, 937; Gariel VIII, 80–85; BMS 15.

Cahn April 1899, 2; Cahn 1906, 1; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 11; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1203, 1204; Ménz. u. Med. July 1955, 390; Kress Oct. 1960, 1375; Kricheldorf Nov. 1960, 291.

Paris: 1.27 gr., 1.36 gr., 1.23 gr.; Berlin: 1.16 gr. (two fragments of one coin), 1.22 gr., 1.25 gr., 1.32 gr. (Plate IX); BM: (SSB–127–1 [b]) 1.30 gr.; Brussels: 1.11 gr., 1.14 gr., 1.18 gr., 1.28 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1188) 1.24 gr.; Frankfurt a.M.: 1.13 gr., 1.30 gr.; The Hague: (55) 1.10 gr.; Hannover: (Inv. 1913.261) 1.12 gr.; Munich: 1.24 gr.; Schloss Gotthorp: 1.16 gr., and one additional exemplar, unweighed; Stuttgart: (2v4982) 1.24 gr.; Vienna: 1.14 gr.

Find: Imphy; Jelsum; Erdmannhausen; Sarzana; Ilanz II, 1.02 gr.; Krinkberg; Schowen; Speyer.

263. Obv.: image

Rev.: image with a bar above. Denarius.

Gariel VIII, 74 (Gariel Coll., 1.50 gr.).

Gariel Coll., 613.

Berlin: 1.53 gr.

264. Obv.: image

Rev.: M/AI/C/N, in the corners of a cross. At the center of the cross, a circle with a dot. Denarius.

Gariel VIII, 75 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 614.

Berlin: (Plate IX).

265. Obv.: image with image above, three dots in field.

Rev.: M/D/C/G, in the corners of a cross. One dot in each corner of the cross. Denarius.

Gariel VIII, 96 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.06 gr. (Plate IX).

Find: Lorsch.

266. Obv.: image

Rev.: image, with a bar between the lines. Denarius.

Gariel IX, 98 (Hervey de Saint-Denis Coll.).

Find: Chéteau de Breaux-sous-Nappe.

267. Obv.: image

Rev.: image between the lines. Denarius.

Gariel IX, 119 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find).

Berlin: 1.28 gr. (Plate IX).

Find: Imphy.

268. Obv.: image

Rev.: MEDOCVS. Cross with circlet at the intersection. Denarius Prou 681–687 (var.); Gariel VIII, 86–95 (var.); BMS 16, 17, 18.

Gariel Coll., 620; Meyer Coll., 89; Bordeaux Coll., 171; Lockett Coll., 320; Hess May 1893, 2905; Hess 1901, 1770; Schulman Jan. 1929, 501; Cahn, April 1929, 3; Cahn Oct. 1929, 888, 1.30 gr.; Cahn Sept. 1932, 1291; Cahn 1934, 2234; Ménzhandl. Basel Oct. 1936, 303, 304; Schulman June 1939, 473; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1957, 673; Kricheldorf Nov. 1960, 292; Kricheldorf June 1961, 319, 320.

Paris: 1.26 gr., 1.31 gr., 1.13 gr., 1.17 gr., 1.24 gr., 1.20 gr., 1.23 gr.; Berlin: 0.66 gr., 0.90 gr., 1.17 gr., 1.26 gr., 1.26 gr., 1.27 gr., 1.29 gr., 1.24 gr.; ANS: 1.20 gr.; BM: 1.18 gr., 1.25 gr., (57–9–1–7. IGP) 1.31 gr.; Brussels: 1.04 gr., 1.26 gr., 1.26 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1190) 1.13 gr., (T. 1189) 1.18 gr., (K. Fr. p. 136) 1.28 gr., 1.29 gr. (Plate IX); Blunt: 1.23 gr.; Dickie: 1.22 gr.; Frankfurt a.M.: 1.13 gr. (damaged); Garrett: (6115) 1.11 gr.; Grierson: 1.26 gr., 1.20 gr., 0.94 gr.; Hermitage: 1.37 gr.; Schloss Gotthorp: 1.28 gr., 1.39 gr., and one additional exemplar, unweighed; Stuttgart: (2v8490) 1.21 gr.; Yale: 1.10 gr.

Find: Vercelli; Krinkberg.

269. Obv.: image

Rev.: MOS/WO, with a bar between the lines. Denarius.

Gariel IX, 99 (Voillemier Coll.).

Berlin: 1.01 gr. (Plate IX); Schloss Gotthorp.

Find: Krinkberg.

270. Obv.: image

Rev.: image In field, A. Denarius.

Berlin: 0.91 gr., 1.25 gr., 1.27 gr., 1.27 gr., 1.32 gr.

271. Obv.: image

Rev.: NA/IIIV, with a bar between the lines. One dot at the left end of the bar. Denarius.

Gariel IX, 100.

Find: Tours.

272. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Cross. Denarius.

Prou 7 = Gariel IX, 102.

Meyer Coll., 91.

Paris: 1.12 gr.; Berlin: 1.11 gr., 1.18 gr. (Plate IX).

Find: Vercelli; Ilanz II, 1.14 gr., 1.24 gr., 1.33 gr.

273. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Paris: (316a) 1.20 gr.; Schloss Gotthorp: 1.03 gr.

Find: Krinkberg.

274. Obv.: image.

Rev.: RꜸ/DIO Denarius.

Prou 939 = Gariel IX, 112.

Paris: 1.07 gr.

Find: Jelsum, 0.99 gr.

275. Obv.: image

Rev.: image with a bar between the lines. Denarius.

Prou 550 = Gariel IX, 106.

Paris: 1.08 gr. (Plate IX).

276. Obv.: image

Rev.: RŌD/LAN with a bar between the lines. Denarius.

Gariel IX, 113 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find).

A specimen of different style appeared in the Meyer Coll., 94; a forged reverse die exists, cf. Grierson, ANSCent. Publ., p. 311, 4.

Berlin: 1.26 gr. (Plate IX).

Find: Imphy; Ilanz II, 1.35 gr.

277. Obv.: image

Rev.: C image with a bar between the lines. Denarius.

Gariel VII, 56 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll.).

Berlin: 1.60 gr.

278. Obv.: image

Rev.: •IIUb/•IAO Denarius.

Schloss Gotthorp.

Find: Krinkberg.

279. Obv.: image.

Rev,: R, E, D, S, in the corners of a cross. Denarius.

Gariel IX, 111 (Combrouse, pl. IV, 11).

280. Obv.: image.

Rev.: Monogram of SANT, with two dots at the right and a bar beneath. Denarius.

Prou 940 = Gariel X, 131.

Paris: 0.77 gr. (damaged).

281. Obv.: CAI/LVS.

Rev.: SCEMARI. Dot inside a circle. Denarius.

(Grunthal, p. 51. suggests an attribution to St-Marie [Laon]).

Gariel X, 130 ("J'ai placé ici la description de ce denier, dont j'ai oublié la provenance, quoique sur la planche X il soit gravé sous le né 130, par suite d'une erreur.")

282. Obv.: image

Rev.: +SCE•MIR• Dot in a circlet of dots. Denarius.

Gariel X, 126 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 636.

Berlin: 1.02 gr. (Plate IX).

283. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Schloss Gotthorp (fragment).

Find: Krinkberg.

284. Obv.: image

Rev.: SCE/MRE, with a bar between the lines. A dot at the left end of the bar, a circle at the right. Denarius.

Gariel IX, 120 (Fabre Coll)..

Berlin: 0.99 gr.

285. Obv.: image

Rev.: SCICRVCIS. Cross. Denarius.

Paris: (677a) 1.25 gr.

ANS: 1.30 gr. (Plate X).

286. Obv.: KAR/LVZ.

Rev.: SCI/MAR. Denarius.

(Grunthal, p. 51, suggests an attribution to St. Marie [Laon]).

Gariel Vol. I, p. 58 (not illustrated).

Find: Imphy.

287. Obv.: image

Rev.: SCA/MAR. Denarius.

Find: Ilanz II, 1.18 gr.

288. Obv.: image

Rev.: SCI•MꜸR• Dot in a circlet of dots. Denarius.

Gariel X, 125.

289. Obv.: KF℞, with one bar above the monogram and one below it.

Rev.: SCIMRVCI. Cross with dots in field. Denarius.

Berlin: 1.21 gr.

Find: Imphy.

290. Obv.: image.

Rev.: •SCI•/•TRV/•DO Denarius.

Gariel X, 128 (Société zélandaise of Middelburg Coll.)

291 . Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Gariel X, 132 (Prince Gagarin Coll.).

292. Obv.: CARo/LVS.

Rev.: SEN, with a small cross above the E. Denarius (Siena?).

Gariel X, 133 (Sarzana find).

CNI XI, p. 349, 1; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 14; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1948, 267; Théry Coll., 1963, 390. The specimens which appeared in the trade are forgeries, cf. Grierson, ANSCent. Publ., p. 311, 3.

Berlin: 1.35 gr. (Plate X).

Find: Sarzana.

293. Obv.: image

Rev.: SLVA, with a bar above, and ••X beneath. Denarius.

Kricheldorf Nov. 1960, 294.

ANS: 1.60 gr. Genuine ?.

294. Obv.: image with a bar between the lines.

Rev.: image Denarius.

Gariel X, 127 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find).

Berlin: (Plate X).

Find: Imphy; Trier.

295. Obv.: image

Rev.: S, R, V, C, I, unequally spaced about a patriarchal cross. Dots in field. Denarius.

Gariel IX, 116 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., Imphy find).

Kricheldorf June 1961, 321, 1.30 gr.

Berlin: (Plate X).

Find: Imphy.

296. Obv.: image

Rev.: SR image in the lower corners of a cross. Denarius.

Berlin: 1.30 gr.

297. Obv.: image

Rev.: image Denarius.

Gariel X, 129 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll., a Becker forgery).

Berlin: (Plate X); Schloss Gotthorp: 1.22 gr.

Find: Krinkberg.

298. Obv.: image

Rev.: image. Cross in a circlet of dots. Denarius.

Gariel X, 138 (RBN 1863, pl. XIV, 3).

299. Obv.: image

Rev.: image. with a bar between the lines. Denarius.

Gariel X, 136 (Gariel Coll., 1.50 gr.).

Gariel Coll., 639.

Brussels: 1.30 gr. (Plate X, slightly enlarged); Hermitage: 1.20 gr.

300. Obv.: image.

Rev.: image, with a bar between the lines. Denarius.

Gariel XI, 152 (Gariel Coll., 1.20 gr.).

Gariel Coll., 643.

Berlin: 1.19 gr. (Plate X).

301. Obv.: ℞OIEM. Dot in a circlet of dots.

Rev.: VIL/REC, with a bar between the lines. Denarius.

Gariel XI, 149 (Ponton d'Amécourt Coll.).

Berlin: 1.28 gr. (Plate X).

302. Obv.: Karolus monogram.

Rev.: VLE/CIA, with a bar between the lines. Dots in field. Denarius.

Gariel XI, 145 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 641.

Berlin: 1.17 gr..(Plate X).

303. Obv.: image

Rev.: VCE/CIA, with a bar between the lines. Denarius.

Gariel XI, 146 (Gouaux Coll.).

304. Obv.: image

Rev.: V, I, C, E, in the corners of a cross. One dot in each corner of the cross. Denarius.

Gariel XI, 147 (Fillon, pl. VII, 8; ex Morin Coll.).

305. Obv.: KĀ℞ with F horizontal beneath.

Rev.: V, ⋄, M, R, in the corners of a cross. Denarius.

Prou 941 = Gariel IX, 115.

Paris: 0.99 gr.; Berlin: 1.15 gr. (Plate X).

Find: Ilanz II, 1.26 gr.

306. Obv. image

Rev.: X, L, image, in the corners of a cross. At the intersection of the cross, a circle. Denarius.

Schloss Gotthorp: 1.02 gr., and one additional exemplar, unweighed.

Find: "Jura," 1.22 gr. (var.); Krinkberg.

307. Obv.: image

Rev.: WA-NO-И Cross. Denarius.

Gariel VII, 62 (Lausanne).

Meyer Coll., 84.

Find: Vercelli.

Indeterminate Mints

SECOND PERIOD

308. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ETLAN6ACPATROM. Indecipherable monogram. (Scholars have interpreted this monogram as denoting variously "Rome," "Ravenna," and "Adrianus Papa." In a note published in MN XII, Miss M. Thompson, however, advances the more convincing thesis that it actually represents "Karolus" in Greek letters, an interpretation consonant with attributions of the issue to Ravenna.)

Prou 896; Gariel XII, 184 (Brussels var.).

CNI X, p. 681, 1; Gariel Coll., 660; Meyer Coll., 109; Bordeaux Coll., 174; Cahn April 1899, 4; Cahn Dec. 1922, 509, 1.70 gr.; Cahn Oct. 1926, 83, 1.75 gr.

Paris: 1.46 gr., Beilin: 1.59 gr., 1.75 gr., 1.75 gr. (Plate X); Brussels: 1.46 gr., 1.76 gr.; Munich: 1.00 gr., 1.53 gr.; Vienna: 1.63 gr.

Find: Biebrich, 1.52 gr., 1.70 gr.; Dorestadt (1846).

309. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +EXMETALLONOVO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XIII, 203 (Melle).

Berlin: 1.70 gr.; Brussels: 1.34 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17647) 1.20 gr.

310. Obv.: +CALVSREXIIER. Cross.

Rev.: +EXMTALLONOVO. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 942.

Paris: 1.58 gr.

311. Obv.: +CARLVSREXER⋮ Cross.

Rev.: +EXMEALONOVO. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 943; Gariel XIII, 204 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 320; Gariel Coll., 669; Meyer Coll., 121; Hess 1905, 17, 18; Hess 1912, 1, 2.

The Hague: (EX MEALLONOVO) (Plate X).

Find: Ibersheim; Tournai.

312. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: C+LLLTALoNoVo. Cross with one ball in each of two diagonal corners and one dot in a third corner. Denarius.

The Hague: (Inv. 17640) 1.30 gr.

313. Obv.: KARLVSIIIPAV. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: +METALL•GERMAN. Two dies between two hammers. Denarius.

Prou 972; Gariel IX, 97 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 628.

Paris: 1.53 gr.

314. Obv.: +DNKARLVSIMPAVGREXFETL. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: XPICTIANARELIGIO. Temple, Denarius.

Prou 982 = Gariel XII, 169; 170 (Van der Chijs), XLV, 54 (var. with OISTOANA.RELIGIO. Combrouse. pl. VII, 1).

Cahn March 1928, 145, 1.60 gr.; Meyer Coll., 103; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1948, 158; Bourgey Dec. 1964, 26, 1.69 gr.

Paris: 1.52 gr.; Berlin: 1.29 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.69 gr., 1.70 gr. (Plate X).

Find: Moksnes.

315. Obv.: DNKAROLVSIMPAVD. Bust, laureate and draped, to right. Under bust, C.

Rev.: +PICIIANAPELICIO. Temple. Denarius.

Berlin: 1.57 gr.

316. Obv.: DNKAROLVSIMPAVD. Bust, laureate and draped, to right. Under bust, V.

Rev.: +PICIIANAPELICIO. Temple. Denarius.

Berlin: 1.18 gr.

317. Obv.: KAROLVSIMPAVG. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: XICTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 983 = Gariel XLV, 57, 58 (RN 1868, p. 488, pl. XIX, 21), 59 (Brussels).

Ménz. u. Med. June 1951, 368.

Paris: 1.71 gr. (Plate X); Berlin: 1.37 gr.; Brussels: 1.56 gr. (damaged).

Find: Birka.

318. Same as foregoing, but with M beneath the bust. Denarius.

Prou 981 = Gariel XLV, 56.

CNI V, p. 456, 36a, 36b.

Paris: 1.60 gr. (Plate X).

Find: Dorestadt (1846); Birka.

319. Same as foregoing, but with F beneath the bust. Denarius.

Gariel XLV, 55 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 865.

Berlin: 1.68 gr. (Plate X).

LOUIS THE PIOUS (814–840)

PALACE

320. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: PALA/TINAMO/NETA. Denarius.

Prou 8, 9, 10; Gariel XVII, 90 (Gariel Coll.), 91.

Rousseau Coll., 355; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 35; Cahn Oct. 1924, 9; Cahn Feb. 1931, 8; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1225, 1226; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1957, 678, 1.81 gr.; Kress Oct. 1960, 1400; Bourgey Dec. 1964, 34, 1.77 gr.

Paris: 1.70 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.73 gr.; Berlin: 1.79 gr.; ANS: 1.77 gr., 1.81 gr. (Plate XI); Brussels: 1.61 gr ., 1.69 gr., 1.75 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 1296) 1.68 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17489) 1.60 gr.; Hannover: (Inv. 1925.29) 1.74 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet.

East Francia

MAINZ

321. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: MO/GON/TIA/CVS. Denarius.

Prou 34; Gariel XVII, 77 (Gariel Coll.).

Hess 1901, 1778; Cahn Sept. 1921, 1091; Helbing Oct. 1927, 2374; Helbing Oct. 1932, 268, 449; Kricheldorf May 1956, 333.

Paris: 1.69 gr.; Berlin: 1.29 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.56 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 38) gr., 1.64 gr., 1.68 gr.; Frankfurt a.M.; 1.65 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17488) 1.50 gr.; Munich: 1.72 gr.; Vienna: 1.80 gr. (Plate XI).

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet; Achlum; Dorestadt (1846)(?).

CHUR

322. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: CVRIA in one line. Denarius.

Gariel XV, 45 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 700; Meyer Coll., 143.

Find: Belvézet.

REGENSBURG

323. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: REGA/NESB/VRG. Denarius.

Gariel XVIII, 105 (RBN 1857, p. 44, pl. V, 11).

Find: Regensburg (1868).

Alsace

STRASSBURG

324. Obv.: HTVDOVVICVSIMPAVC. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: +STRAZBVRC. City gate. Denarius.

Prou 43; Gariel XIX, 123 (Brussels); BMS 28.

Meyer Coll. 1902, 170; Hess Pricelist 1905, 29.

Paris: 1.81 gr., Berlin: 1.80 gr.; BM: 2.06 gr.; Brussels: 1.44 gr. (Plate XI); Vienna: 1.94 gr.; (The authenticity of the BM specimen has been questioned because of its exceptional weight, but it is included here as representing an authentic type, if it is not, indeed, a genuine issue. For a discussion of the question, see BMS, p. 3.)

Find: Dorestadt (1846).

325. Withdrawn. The entry was based on Gariel, p. 185, 123. The reading is in error, cf. his pl. XIX, 123.

326. Obv.:+ HLVDOVVICVSIMP• Cross.

Rev.: STRA/TBVR/GVS, with a crook after the final S. Denarius. Prou 44, 45 (var.); Gariel XVIII, 121 (Gariel Coll.), XIX, 122 (Veuillin find).

Hess April 1928, 3561.

Paris: 1.75 gr., 1.92 gr. (Plate XI); Brussels: 1.32 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17492) 0.80 gr. (damaged).

Find: Veuillin; Hollingstedt; Schowen.

327. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP Cross.

Rev.: STRA/TBVR/CVS. Denarius.

Prou 46; Gariel XVIII, 120 (Achlum find).

Helbing Nov. 1909, 2; Hamburger Sept. 1917, 574, 575, 576; Cahn March 1926, 20, 1.80 gr.

Paris: 1.05 gr.; Berlin: 1.60 gr.; Munich: 1.35 gr., with one additional exemplar, unweighed. (Plate XI).

Find: Veuillin; Achlum.

328. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: STOT/T:.E:.N/BVRG. Denarius.

Gariel XIX, 124 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 758.

Berlin: 1.48 gr.

Lorraine

AACHEN

329. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSI. Cross.

Rev.: AQVI/SPALA. Obolus.

Gariel XVI, 53 (d'Estissac Coll.).

Berlin: 0.64 gr. (Plate XI).

Find: Bligny.

DORESTADT

330. Obv.: HLVDOVVICVSIMPAVC. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: DORESTATVS. Ship. Denarius.

Prou 63, 64; Gariel XVI, 59, 60 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 350; Gariel Coll., 718; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 28; Cahn March 1926, 17; Riechman April 1928, 625; Cahn Pricelist 1934, 2236a; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1948, 160.

Paris: 1.57 gr., 1.72 gr.; Berlin: 1.36 gr., 1.45 gr., 1.76 gr., 1.99 gr. (Plate XI); Blunt: 1.72 gr.; Brussels: 1.03 gr. (damaged, rudder at right), 1.47 gr. (Inv. 35), 1.56 gr., 1.68 gr., (Inv. 34) 1.82 gr. (gilded); Copenhagen: (T. 1208) 1.20 gr. (damaged); Garrett: (6118) 1.66 gr.;. Grierson: 1.16 gr. (damaged); The Hague: (Inv. 17512) 1.00 gr., (Inv. 17509) 0.92 gr. (fragment), (598) 1.61 gr.; Munich: 1.45 gr., 1.65 gr.; Van Rede: (B1212, var., rudder at right) 1.45 gr., (B1213) 1.67 gr.

Find: Dorestadt (1846); Achlum; Alstad (?); Hedeby (?).

331. Obv.: HLVDOVVICVSIMPAV. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: +DORESTATVS. Ship. Denarius.

Gariel XVI, 61 (Brussels); BMS 29.

BM: (SSB–34–115) 1.63 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17513) 1.17.gr. (fragment); Van Rede: (B1232) 1.76 gr.

332. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each of three corners.

Rev.: DOR/ESTA/TVS. Denarius.

Prou 65; Gariel XVI, 54 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 30.

Rousseau Coll., 351; Gariel Coll., 706–716; Meyer Coll., 147; Bordeaux Coll., 216; Cahn March 1926, 18.

Paris: 1.66 gr.; Berlin: 0.97 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.62 gr., 1.72 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.75 gr., 1.77 gr., 1.77 gr., 1.80 gr., 1.84 gr., 1.85 (numerous var.) (Plate XI); ANS: 1.57 gr.; BM: (57–9–1–13. IGP. var., no dots in obverse cross) 1.73 gr.; Brussels: 1.42 gr., 1.45 gr., (Inv. 36) 1.52 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.66 gr., 1.78 gr.; Grierson: 1.76 gr. (var.); The Hague: (Inv. 17511) 0.70 gr., (Inv. 17510) 1.00 gr., 1.60 gr. (599 var., D+OR/ESTA/TVS) 1.70 gr., 1.72 gr.; Munich: 1.45 gr.; Oslo: 1.71 gr. (var.); Stuttgart: (2V7741) 1.57 gr.; Van Rede: (B1216 var., no dots in obverse cross, DOR/ES•TA/TVS 1.12 gr.; Vienna: 1.67 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet; Achlum; Ide; Worms; Schowen.

333. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with triangle in each corner.

Rev.: DOR/ESTA/TVS. Denarius.

Prou 66, 67; Gariel XVI, 57 (Gariel Coll., Gariel XVI, 58, mentions five varieties of obv. cross in this type: 1) with one dot in each of three corners, 2) with one dot in one corner, 3) with one dot in each of two diagonal corners, 4) with one point in each of three corners, and 5) with triangles in two horizontal corners and dots in the other two.)

Paris: 1.81 gr., 1.25 gr.; Berlin: 1.59 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 1617.537 var., only one dot in one corner of obv. cross; dot between S and T in rev. inscription) 1.51 gr., (K. P. 1617. x 535) 1.75 gr., (K. P. 1617. x 536 var., one dot between the last two lines of the rev. inscription) 1.79 gr. (Plate XI); Garrett: (6119) 1.80 gr.

Find: Bonn.

334. Obv.: +LVDOVVICVSIMPI. Cross.

Rev,: DOR/+ESTA/TVS. Denarius.

Prou 68; Gariel XVI, 55.

Paris: 1.73 gr. (Plate XI).

335. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners.

Rev.: EDOR/ES'TA/TVS. Denarius.

Gariel XVI, 56 (Veuillin find).

Berlin: 1.73 gr.

Find: Veuillin.

336. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMD. Cross with one point in each of two diagonal corners.

Rev.: DOR/ESTA/TVS. Denarius.

Oslo: 1.70 gr. (damaged).

337. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each of three corners.

Rev.: DORESTATVSMON. Temple. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck; Ide 1.61 gr.

COLOGNE

338. Obv.: +LVDO...S. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: image, in one line. Obolus.

Gariel XV, 47 (Gariel Coll.).

Hévernick, 19; Gariel Coll., 702; Meyer Coll., 511.

Berlin: 0.59 gr. (fragment).

339. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICSIHP. Cross.

Rev.: COLO/•/NIA. Denarius.

Prou 79; Gariel XV, 46 (Gariel Coll. var. with IMP).

Hévernick, 12; Gariel Coll., 701; Meyer Coll., 144, 145; Hirsch Oct. 1961, 1779.

Paris: 1.69 gr.; Berlin: 1.70 gr., 1.82 gr. (Plate XI); Brussels: 1.50 gr. (damaged).

Find: Veuillin.

340. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSMD. Cross.

Rev.: COLO/:. + .:/NIA. Denarius.

Gariel XV, 48 (Brussels).

Hévernick, 14.

Brussels: 1.19 gr.

341. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: COLO/ + /NIA'. Denarius.

Hévernick, 13.

Berlin: 1.82 gr. (Plate XI); Brussels: 1.56 gr. (var.); The Hague: (Inv. 17547) 1.50 gr. (var.).

Find: Veuillin.

CAMBRAI

342. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: CAMA/é/RACVS. Denarius.

Prou 114, 115 (var.); Gariel XV, 43 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 31.

Cahn 1897, 2; Rosenberg 1906, 7; Rosenberg March 1914, 481; Cahn March 1926, 19; Schulman June 1936, 229; Lockett Coll., 329; Kress Oct. 1960, 1488; Schulman, April 1965, 3282.

Paris: 1.58 gr., 1.49 gr.; Berlin: 1.42 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.84 gr., 1.85 gr.; ANS: 1.74 gr. (Plate XI); BM: (SSB–127–23) 1.67 gr.; Brussels: 1.69 gr., 1.64 gr.; Grierson: 1.69 gr.; Munich: 1.57 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Dorestadt (1846) ?

343. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: CAMA/RIICVS/• Denarius.

Brussels: 1.23 gr.

TRIER

344. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: TREV/ERIS. Denarius.

Prou 126; Gariel XIX, 137.

Meyer Coll., 177; Hess May 1893, 2222; Rosenberg Nov. 1904, 25.

Paris: 1.81 gr.; Berlin: 1.20 gr., 1.22 gr., 1.49 gr., 1.84 gr. (Plate XI); Brussels: 1.52 gr., (Inv. 47) 1.72 gr., (Inv. 48 var., both inscriptions poorly cut and retrograde) 1.86 gr.; Trier: (Inv. 32.162) 1.07 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet; St. Quentin.

METZ

345. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIM. Cross.

Rev.: METTIS, in one line. Denarius.

Gariel XVII, 78 (Robert, pl. XII, 7).

346. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: MEDI/OMAT/RIC. Denarius.

Gariel XVII, 79 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 234.

Berlin: 1.73 gr. (Plate XI).

Find: Veuillin (MEDI/OMAT/RICI).

VERDUN

347. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: VIRID/VNVM. Denarius.

Prou 145, 146; Gariel XIX, 144 (Gariel Coll.).

Cahn Dec. 1932, 1249, 1250; Kricheldorf May 1956, 335; Kress Oct. 1960, 1409; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1964, n; Bourgey Dec. 1964, 40.

Paris: 1.79 gr., 1.74 gr.; Berlin: 1.76 gr., 1.81 gr., 1.90 gr. (Plate XII); ANS: 1.77 gr.; Brussels: 1.60 gr., (Inv. 49) 1.69 gr.; Grierson: 1.62 gr. (var. VIRID/•/VNVM; damaged); Munich: 1.72 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet; "Pommerania."

348. Obv.: +IDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: VIRID/VHVM. Denarius.

Gariel XIX, 145 (Robert, pl. XII, 9).

Meyer Coll., 179, 180 (var., VIRIDVNI).

Francia

QUENTOVIC

349. Obv.: FIVDO/VVIC.

Rev.: image. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 186.

Paris: 0.75 gr.; ANS: 0.62 gr. (var. image). (Plate XII).

350. Obv.: LVDO/ : /VVIC.

Rev.: +QVENTO+VVIC. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XVIII, 102 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 751.

Berlin: 0.79 gr. (Plate XII).

351. Obv.: HLVD0VVICVSIMPAVC. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: +QVENTOVVICVS. Ship. Denarius.

Prou 187; Gariel XVIII, 104.

Cahn April 1929, 33.

Paris: 1.57 gr.; ANS: 1.60 gr. (Plate XII).

352. .Obv.: HLVDOVVICVSIMPAVC. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: QVENTOVVICVS. Ship. И

Gariel XVIII, 103 (Poey d'Avant, no. 6566). Genuine?

353. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: QVENTO/•/VICVS. Denarius.

Prou 188; Gariel XVIII, 99 (Gariel Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 163, 164; Helbing March 1902, 1495; Ménzhandl. Basel Dec. 1935, 14; Helbing March 1911, 2285; Lockett Coll., 350; Kress Oct. 1960, 1471.

Paris: 1.81 gr.; Berlin: 1.51 gr., 1.78 gr.; ANS: 1.79 gr. (Plate XII); Brussels: 1.75 gr., 1.79 gr., (Inv. 44) 1.85 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17563) 1.20 gr. (damaged).

Find: Veuillin; Dorestadt (1846).

354. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: QVINTO/VICVS. Denarius.

Gariel XVIII, 101 (Poey d'Avant, no. 6568), 100 (Gariel Coll. var.).

Berlin: 1.39 gr.

RHEIMS

355. Obv.: LVDOV/VIC.

Rev.: +REMISCIVIS. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XVIII, 111 (Reims).

356. Obv:. +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: REMI/CIVI/TAS. Denarius.

Prou 293 == Gariel XVIII, 107, 108 (Reims).

Paris: 1.79 gr.; Berlin: 1.69 gr. (Plate XII).

Find: Veuillin.

357. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: REMIS/CIVIS. Denarius.

Prou 294, 295; Gariel XVIII, 106 (Gariel Coll.).

Hamburger Nov. 1912, 37; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1244; Hess, Lucerne July 1933, 83; Kress Oct. 1960, 1401.

Paris: 1.69 gr., 1.77 gr.; Berlin: 1.59 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.79 gr. (Plate XII); ANS: 1.58 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 45, var. dot between lines of obv. inscription) 1.58 gr., 1.80 gr.; Copenhagen: (B. Pr. 824) 1.17 gr.; Grierson: 1.83 gr.; Vienna: 1.54 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet (?).

358. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: REIMS/CIVIS. Denarius.

Gariel XVIII, no (Veuillin find); BMS 32.

BM: (1909–10–6–5–Spink) 1.86 gr.

Find: Veuillin.

359. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: RIEMS/CIVIS. Denarius.

Gariel XVIII, 109 (Reims).

Find: Jaeren.

Paris

360. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: PAR/ISII. Denarius.

Gariel XVII, 94 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 354; Gariel Coll., 745.

Berlin: 1.15 gr., 1.64 gr. (Plate XII); Oslo: 1.78 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet.

361. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: PARISII, in one line. Denarius.

Prou 317, 318, 319, 320; Gariel XVII, 92 (Gariel Coll.), 93 (Indre and Veuillin finds); BMS 33.

Rousseau Coll., 353; Cahn April 1912, 7; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1243; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1948, 162; Lockett Coll., 331; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1957, 679, 1.62 gr.; Kress Oct. 1960, 1398.

Paris: 1.75 gr., 1.35 gr., 1.82 gr., 1.60 gr.; Berlin: 1.66 gr., 1.85 gr.; ANS: 1.75 gr. (Plate XII); BM: 57–9–1–19 IGP) 1.74 gr.; Copenhagen: (B. Pr. p. 180) 0.99 gr. (damaged), (T. 1214) 1.44 gr.; Garrett: (6120) 1.69 gr.; Grierson: 1.73 gr. (var. PARISI).

Find: Indre; Veuillin; Dargocice.

MEAUX

362. Obv.: LVDO/VVIC•

Rev.: +MELDISCIV. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XVI, 67 (Fillon, Lettres é Dugast-Matifeux).

Brussels: 0.70 gr.

Find: Angers (1812).

363. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: MEL•DIS, in one line. Denarius.

Prou 359. Prou 360 and Gariel XVI, 66 (Gariel Coll.) vary, lacking the central reverse dot. Prou 361 (var. HELDIS, retrograde). BMS 34.

Cahn Dec. 1932, 1237, Ménzhandl. Basel Dec. 1935, 13; Kress Oct. 1960, 1392; Kricheldorf Nov. 1960, 301.

Paris: 1.70 gr., 1.51 gr., 1.44 gr.; Berlin: 1.77 gr. (Plate XII); ANS: 1.74 gr.; BM: (57–9–1–15. IGP) 1.54 gr.; Brussels: 1.80 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet.

364. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: MEL/DIS. Denarius.

RN 1840, p. 131.

Find: Angers (1812) ?

ROUEN

365. Obv.: LVDO/VVIC•

Rev.: +ROTOMACVS. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XVIII, 115 (Fillon, p. 146).

366. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: ROTV/•/MAGVS. Denarius.

Prou 376, 377; Gariel XVIII, 114 (Gariel Coll.).

Schulman 1931, 97; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1245; Cahn 1934, 2238; Kricheldorf May 1956, 334; Kress Oct. 1960, 1402; Théry Coll., 36.

Paris: 1.72 gr., 1.78 gr.; Berlin: 1.72 gr., 1.73 gr. (Plate XII); ANS: 1.43 gr. (Kress specimen); Dickie: 1.84 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet.

Neustria

TOURS

367. Obv.: LVDO/VVIC.

Rev.: +TVRONES. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 448; Gariel XIX, 132 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 765; Meyer Coll., 175; Kricheldorf Nov. 1960, 304.

Paris : 0.85 gr.; ANS: 0.79 gr. (Plate XII); The Hague: (614) 0.60 gr. (damaged).

368. Obv.: HLVDOVVICVSIMPAVC. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: TVRONES. City gate. Denarius.

Prou 444, 445 == Gariel XIX, 133; Gariel XIX, 134, 135 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 348; Gariel Coll., 766; 767; Meyer Coll., 176; Bordeaux Coll., 207; Cahn Dec. 1922, 517; F. Ratto Dec. 1930, 2586; Théry Coll., 39. Paris: 1.70 gr., 1.66 gr.; Berlin: 1.32 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.70 gr. (Plate XII, two specimens); Brussels: (Inv. 46) 1.52 gr.

369. Same as foregoing. Ꜹ. Genuine ?

Vienna: 3.16 gr.

370. Same type as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel XIX, 136 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 768.

Berlin: 0.84 gr. (Plate XII).

371. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: TVRO/NES• Denarius.

Prou 446, 447; Gariel XIX, 131 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 35.

Rousseau Coll., 349; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1248; Kress Oct. 1960, 1404; Kricheldorf June 1961, 326.

Paris: 1.56 gr., 1.63 gr.; Berlin: 1.77 gr.; ANS: 1.78 gr. (Plate XIII); BM: (1909–10–6–6–Spink) 1.79 gr.; Grierson: 1.58 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet; Angers (1812).

ORLéANS

372. Obv.: HLVDOVVICVSIMAVG• Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: +AVRELIANIS• City gate. Denarius.

Prou 507; Gariel XVII, 89 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 741; Meyer Coll., 160.

Paris: 1.49 gr.; Berlin: 1.38 gr.; ANS: 1.59 gr. (Plate XIII); Grierson: 1.71 gr. (var. HLVDOVVICVSIMPAVG).

Find: éFrisiaé (1853)?

373. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: AVREL/•/IANIS. Denarius.

Gariel XVII, 88 (Veuillin find).

Find: Veuillin.

Burgundy

SENS

374. Obv.: HLVDOVVICVSIMPAVG. Bust,laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: +SENONES. City gate. Denarius.

Prou 565.

Ménz. u. Med. July 1955, 499, 1.45 gr.; Kress Oct. 1960, 1382; Kress Dec. 1961, 657; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1964, 10; Théry Coll., 37.

Paris: 1.49 gr. (Plate XIII); ANS: 1.84 gr.

375. Obv.: HLVDOVVICVSIMPAV. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: +SENONES. City gate with two circles beneath. Denarius.

Gariel XVIII, 119 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 756.

Berlin: 1.07 gr., 1.07 gr. (Plate XIII).

376. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP• Cross.

Rev.: SENO/NES. After the terminal S, a dart pointing from right to left. Denarius.

Prou 566, 567 = Gariel XVIII, 118, 117 (Gariel Coll.).

Schulman Oct. 1913, 364; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 38; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1246; Kress Oct. 1960, 1405; Kricheldorf June 1961 325; Schulman April 1965, 3283.

Paris: 1.90 gr., 1.67 gr.; Berlin: 1.78 gr., 1.80 gr.; ANS: 1.84 gr. (Plate XIII); Brussels: 1.64 gr.; Grierson: 1.97 gr. (var.).

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet; Angers (1812).

377. Obv.: +HLVDOVVIC. Cross.

Rev.: SENO/NES. After the terminal S, a dart pointing from right to left. Obolus.

Prou 568.

Paris: 0.80 gr. (Plate XIII).

CHALON-SUR-SAéNE

378. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: CAVIL/ONVM. Denarius.

Gariel XV, 44 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 699; Meyer Coll., 142.

Paris: (616a) 1.30 gr.; Berlin: 1.74 gr.

Find: Veuillin.

LYON

379. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: LVGD/é/VNVM. Denarius.

Prou 630, 631; Gariel XVI, 64 (Gariel Coll.).

Rosenberg Nov. 1904, 27; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1234; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1948, 161; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1957, 676, 1.78 gr.; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1964, 8.

Paris: 1.73 gr., 1.78 gr.; Berlin: 1.75 gr., 1.80 gr. (Plate XIII); ANS: 1.78 gr.; Grierson: 1.76 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet.

380. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSMP. Cross.

Rev.: LVCD/•/VИVM. Denarius.

Prou 632.

Paris: 1.83 gr.

BESANçON

381. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: VESON/TIVM. Denarius.

Gariel XV, 38 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 693.

Berlin: 1.63 gr. (Plate XIII).

Brittany

RENNES

382. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSMP. Cross.

Rev.: REDO/NIS. Denarius.

Gariel XVIII, 112 (Fillon, pl. VII, 13).

Find: Angers (1812).

NANTES

383. Obv.: LVDO/VVIC.

Rev.: +NAMNETVN. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XVII, 84 (Fillon, p. 126).

Find: Angers (1812).

384. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSMI. Cross.

Rev.: NAMИ/•/ETVM. Denarius.

Prou 653; Gariel XVII, 83 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 738; Bordeaux Coll., 223.

Paris: 1.78 gr.; Berlin: 1.81 gr. (Plate XIII).

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet.

Aquitaine

385. Obv.: LVDO/VVIC.

Rev.: +AQVI+TANIA. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 655 = Gariel XIV, 2.

Paris: 0.81 gr. (Plate XIII).

386. Obv.: +HOVDOVVICVS. Cross.

Rev.: AQVI/•/TANIA. Obolus.

Prou 656; Gariel XIV, 4 (Gariel Coll., var. with +HLVDOVVICVSRE).

Gariel Coll., 678; Meyer Coll., 130.

Paris: 0.74 gr.; Vienna (Plate XIII).

387. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: AQVI/TANIA. Denarius.

Gariel XIV, 19 (Gariel Coll.).

388. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSHP. Cross.

Rev.: AQVI/TAИA Obolus.

Prou 658; Gariel XIV, 19 (Gariel Coll., var. +HLVDOVVICVSIMP). Gariel Coll., 685.

Paris: 0.78 gr. (Plate XIII).

Find: Fontaines.

389. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: + /AQVI/•/TANIA/ +. Denarius. Prou 657. Cahn Dec. 1932, 1227; Ménz. u. Med. July 1955, 496; Lockett Coll., 328; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1957, 675 1.74 Kress Oct. 1960, 1384, 1.71 gr.; Théry Coll., 27; Kress Nov. 1966, 1463.

Paris: 1.75 gr.; ANS: 1.74 gr.; Garrett: (6121) 1.86 gr.; Munich: 1.63 gr.; Vienna: 1.81 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet.

390. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross. Rev.: image Denarius. Gariel XIV, 18 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.71 gr., 1.81 gr. (Plate XIII).

391. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross. Rev.: image Obolus. Gariel XIV, 3 (Cabinet de France). The Prou listings (nos. 675 and 676) vary.

Paris: 0.47 gr., 0.57 gr.; Berlin: 0.62 gr., 0.68 gr., and one copper forgery weighing 0.56 gr.

392. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVS. Cross.

Rev.: +AOVITANIA. Cross. Obolus.

Find: Lauzés, 0.65 gr.

MELLE

393. Obv.: image

Rev.: +METIILLVH. Cross with one dot in each corner. Obolus.

Grierson: 0.57 gr.

394. Obv.: LVDO/VVIC.

Rev.: +METALLVM. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 709, 710; Gariel XIV, 5 (Gariel Coll.), 6 (Gariel Coll.).Rousseau Coll., 342 (?), 343 (var. HLVDO/VVICVS); Gariel Coll., 679, 680; Meyer Coll., 131; Motte Coll., 123; Ménzhandl. Basel Oct. 1936, 307; Kress Oct. 1960, 1395; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1964, 9.

Paris: 0.74 gr., 0.78 gr.; Berlin: 0.60 gr., 0.74 gr., 0.77 gr., 0.85 gr. (Plate XIII); Brussels: (Inv. 41) 0.77 gr.; Dickie: 0.79 gr.; Grierson: 0.72 gr.; The Hague: (603) 0.70 gr.

Find: Fontaines.

395. Obv.: LVDOIC, in one line.

Rev.: +METALLVM. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 711; Gariel XIV, 7 (Gariel Coll.) Gariel Coll., 681.

Paris: 0.84 gr.; Berlin: 0.75 gr. (Plate XIII).

396. Obv.: HLVDOVVICVSIMPAVC. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: +METALLVM. Two monetary dies between two hammers. Denarius.

Prou 712, 713; Gariel XVI, 73, XVII, 74, 75 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 338; Cahn April 1912, 6; Cahn Dec. 1922, 516, 1.45 gr.; Cahn Oct. 1924, 8; Hamburger Feb. 1928, 709; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1241; Ménz. u. Med. June 1951, 370; Ménz. u. Med. July 1955, 498, 1.69 gr.; Lockett Coll., 326; Théry Coll., 32; Schulman Feb. 1966, 1183 a.

Paris: 1.64 gr., 1.66 gr.; Berlin: 1.67 gr., 1.69 gr., 1.70 gr. (Plate XIII, two specimens); ANS: 1.56 gr., 1.37 gr.; Blunt; Brussels: 1.74 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1210) 1.64 gr.; Garrett: (6122) 1.51 gr.; Grierson: 1.69 gr.; Stuttgart: (2vII6.1949/297) 1.60 gr. (damaged).

397. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: +METALLVM. Two monetary dies between two hammers. Obolus.

Prou 714; Gariel XVII, 76 (var. with +HLVDOVVICVSIM. No location). Rousseau Coll., 339, 340; Meyer Coll., 156; Cahn April 1929, 11, 0.77 gr.; Cahn Oct. 1929, 894, 0.77 gr.

Paris: 0.85 gr.; Berlin: 0.72 gr., 0.76 gr.; ANS: 0.84 gr. (Plate XIV); Blunt: 0.63 gr. (damaged and repaired); Brussels: 0.77 gr., (Inv. 42) 0.64 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17602) 0.70 gr.

398. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: META/é/LLVM. Denarius.

Prou 715, 716, 717, 718, 719; Gariel XVI, 68 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 36, 37. Rousseau Coll., 341; Cahn April 1929, 9; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1238; Cahn, Pricelist 1934, 2237; Théry Coll., 31.

Paris: 1.72 gr., 1.62 gr., 1.63 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.69 gr., 1.73 gr.; Berlin: 1.41 gr., 1.52 gr., 1.73 gr.; ANS: 1.63 gr.; Alfred R. Bellinger: 1.72 gr. (Plate XIV); Blunt: 1.56 gr.; BM: (57–9–1–16–IGP) 1.37 gr., (1908–1–11—250-Lincoln) 1.71 gr.; Brussels: 1.66 gr., 1.78 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. T. 1212) 1.54 gr., (Bollin. 1852, var., lacking rev. dot) 1.67 gr.; Grierson: 1.76 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17605) 1.50 gr.; Stuttgart: (2V4176), (2V8496 var.) 1.51 gr.; Vienna: 1.71 gr.

Find: Indre; Veuillin; Angers (1812); Mullaghboden.

399. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSII. Cross.

Rev.: WETALLVM, in one line. Denarius.

Gariel XVI, 69 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.29 gr.

Find: Belvézet.

400. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: +METALLVM. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XVI, 70 (Gariel Coll.).

Helbing March 1902, 1488.

ANS: 1.72 gr.; Brussels: 1.46 gr., 1.63 gr., 1.70 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17601) 1.60 gr., (600) 1.85 gr.; Van Rede: (B1232) 1.76 gr.; Yale: 1.76 gr.

401. Obv.: +HLVDOVICVS. Cross.

Rev.: +METALLVM Cross. Obolus.

Prou 721 = Gariel XIV, 8.

Paris: 0.77 gr.

402. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVS. Cross.

Rev.: +METALLVM. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 722, 723; Gariel XVI, 71 (Gariel Coll., var. with +METALLVN). Cahn April 1929, 10, 0.74 gr.; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1222; Cahn 1934, 2235; Lockett Coll. Feb. 1956, 330.

Paris: 0.80 gr., 0.67 gr. (Plate XIV); Brussels: (Inv. 43) 0.69 gr., 0.70 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17606) 0.70 gr.

Find: Angers (1812) ?

403. Obv.: +HLVDOICVS. Cross.

Rev.: +METALLVM. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 724 = Gariel XIV, 9.

Paris: 0.85 gr. (Plate XIV); Berlin: 0.78 gr.

Find: Lough Lene ?

404. Obv.: +HLVDOICVS. Cross.

Rev.: +METVLVM. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 725 = Gariel XIV, 8.

Paris: 0.82 gr.

405. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVS. Cross.

Rev.: image (retrograde). Cross with one dot in each corner. Obolus.

Gariel XVI, 72 (Gariel Coll.).

406. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: META/é/LLVM. Denarius.

Prou 720.

Paris: 1.62 gr.

407. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP Cross.

Rev.: +METALVVM Cross. Denarius.

Grierson: 1.49 gr.

Find: Veuillin.

BOURGES

408. Obv.: LVDO/VVIC.

Rev.: +BITVRIGES Cross. Obolus.

Prou 733; Gariel XV, 42 (Gariel Coll.). Gariel Coll., 697; Meyer Coll., 140; Bordeaux Coll., 214 (two pieces in lot).

Paris: 0.80 gr.; Berlin: 0.70 gr. (Plate XIV).

409. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: ITVRICRIG. Irregular cruciform pattern. Obolus.

Gariel XV, 41 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 696.

410. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: BITV/é/RIGES. Denarius.

Prou 734; Gariel XV, 40 (Gariel Coll.). Rousseau Coll., 336; Cahn April 1912, 9; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1231; Kricheldorf Oct. 1958, 195; Kress Oct. 1960, 1385; 1386, 1387; Kricheldorf Nov. 1960, 299; Blaser-Frey June 1963, 2; Théry Coll., 29; Kress Nov. 1966, 1464.

Paris: 1.82 gr.; ANS: 1.81 gr. (Plate XIV); Blunt: 1.78 gr.; Grierson: 1.60 gr., 1.58 gr. (damaged); Brussels: 1.66 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet; Indre; Angers (1812); Tiszaeszlér.

411. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: image Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XV, 41 (Gariel Coll.).

Gascony

BORDEAUX

412. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: BVRDI/GALA. Denarius.

Prou 789; Gariel XV, 39 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 694; Meyer Coll., 138.

Paris: 1.85 gr. (Plate XIV); Garrett: (6123) 1.76 gr.

Find: Veuillin.

DAX

413. Obv.: +LVDOVVICVS. Cross.

Rev.: AQV/IS. Obolus.

Gariel XVI, 52 (Musée de Marseilles).

414. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: AQVIS/VVAS/CON. Denarius.

Gariel XVI, 50 (Fabre Coll.).

Berlin: (Plate XIV).

415. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: AQVIS/VASCON. Denarius.

Prou 796; Gariel XVI, 49 (Gariel Coll.). Rousseau Coll., 337; Gariel Coll., 704; Meyer Coll., 146; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 27; Bordeaux Coll., 211 (ex Hamburger 1912); Cahn Dec. 1932, 1232; Théry Coll., 398.

Paris: 1.58 gr. (Plate XIV).

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet; Indre.

416. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: AQVIS/VASON. Denarius.

Prou 797; Gariel XVI, 51 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 705.

Paris: 1.49 gr. (Plate XIV).

Find: Veuillin.

Toulousain

TOULOUSE

417. Obv.: HLVDOVVICVSIMPAVC. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: +TOLVSA. City gate with cross at center and a second cross beneath. Denarius.

Prou 803; Gariel XIX, 128 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 762; Meyer Coll., 173; Bordeaux Coll., 208; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 40; A.N.A. Convention Sale 1952, 770 (ex Gariel Coll.).

Paris: 1.60 gr., Berlin: 1.66 gr., 1.66 gr. (Plate XIV, two specimens); ANS: 1.54 gr. (Plate XIV); Garrett: (6124) 1.57 gr.

418. Obv.: HLVDOVVICS. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: +TOLVSA. City gate with cross at center and second cross beneath. Obolus.

Prou 804 = Gariel XIX, 129; Gariel XIX, 130 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 763.

Paris: 0.70 gr.; Berlin: 0.73 gr. (Plate XIV).

419. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: +TOLVSACIVI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 805; Gariel XIX, 125 (Gariel Coll.). Rousseau Coll., 347; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 39; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1949, 467; Gans-Grunthal April 1951, 581; Kress Oct. 1960, 1403.

Paris: 1.59 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 417) 1.47 gr.; Van Rede: (B1233) 1.53 gr.

Find: Auzeville.

420. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: TOLO/SACIVI/TAS. Denarius.

Prou 806.

Cahn Dec. 1932, 1247; Théy Coll., 38 (with image).

Paris: 1.75 gr.; ANS: 1.74 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet.

421. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMPER. Cross.

Rev.: TOLO/SACIVI/TAS. Denarius.

Gariel XIX, 126 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.64 gr., 1.76 gr.. 1.84 gr. (Plate XIV).

422. Obv.: +HLVD:OVVICVSI. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: éTéOLO/SACIVI/éTéAS. Obolus.

Gariel XIX, 127 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 761.

Berlin: 0.66 gr. (Plate XIV).

Find: Poitiers (1943) ?

423. Obv.: +HIVDOVVICVSIP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: .T.OIO/SACIVI/TASé Obolus.

Grierson.

Spanih March

AMPURIS

424.Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: INPV/RIAS. Denarius.

Prou 827, 828; Gariel XV, 33 (Gariel Coll., var. +HLVDOVVICVSINP). Gariel Coll., 690; Meyer Coll., 136; Heiss, p. 134,1; Cahn Dec. 1932,1223. Paris: 1.74 gr., 1.71 gr.; Berlin: 1.57 gr. (Plate XV); Hispanic Society of America: 1.67 gr. (Plate XV).

Asociacion Numismatica Española Oct. 1966, 189 A.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet.

BARCELONA

425. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP Cross.

Rev.: BAR/CNIO/NA. Denarius.

Gariel XV, 37 (Veuillin find).

Garrett: (6125) 1.68 gr.

Find: Veuillin.

426. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: image Denarius.

Prou 830.

Heiss, pl. 77, 1, 2.

Paris: 1.62 gr.; Hispanic Society of America: (17962, var., dot after the terminal A in the rev. inscription) 1.61 gr. (Plate XV).

Find: Belvézet.

427. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: BAR/CINO/NA:. Denarius.

Prou 831 = Gariel XV, 35 (?).

Gariel Coll., 692; Meyer Coll., 137; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1230; Hess, Lucerne July 1933, 79.

Paris: 1.30 gr.; Berlin: 1.58 gr.

428. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: BVR/CINO/NA. Denarius.

Prou 832 = Gariel XV, 36.

Paris: 1.67 gr.

RODA

429. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: ROD/DA. Denarius.

Prou 833 = Gariel XVIII, 113.

Paris: 1.67 gr. (Plate XV).

Septimania

NARBONNE

430. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: NAR/é/BONA. Denarius.

Prou 836; Gariel XVII, 85 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 38, 39. Rousseau Coll., 345; Schulman 1931, 93; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1242; Hess, Lucerne July 1933, 82; Kress Oct. 1960, 1396; Blaser-Frey June 1963, 3; Théry Coll., 33.

Paris: 1.65 gr.; Berlin: 1.86 gr. (Plate XV); ANS: 1.80 gr.; BM: (57–9–1–18–IGP) 1.63 gr., (1908–10–11–1251) 1.46 gr.; Brussels: 1.59 gr.; Grierson: (var., one dot in one corner of the obv. cross).

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet; Lauzés, 1.51 gr.

431. Obv.: +LDVCSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: NAR/BONA. Obolus.

Prou 837, 838; Gariel XVII, 87 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 346; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 34; Cahn April 1929, 8, 0.82 gr.; Kress Oct. 196o, 1397.

Paris: 0.79 gr., 0.83 gr.; Berlin: 0.82 gr.; ANS: 0.72 gr. (Plate XV).

432. Obv.: +HLVDOVSNP. Cross.

Rev.: NAR/BONA. Obolus.

Prou 839 = Gariel XVII, 86.

Paris: 0.65 gr.

Provence

VIENNE

433. Obv.: +IILVDOVVICVSIIP. Cross.

Rev.: Vienna , in one line. Denarius.

Prou 842; Gariel XX, 146 (Gariel Coll., var. with +HLVDOVVICVSIIIIP). Gariel Coll., 7774; Meyer Coll., 181; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1251.

Paris: 1.75 gr.; Berlin: 1.75 gr. (Plate XV).

Find: Belvézet.

434. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: VENNA, in one line. Denarius.

Prou 843 (var. with VEHHA); Gariel XX, 147 (Gariel Coll.).

Paris: 1.76 gr. (Plate XV).

ARLES

435. Obv.: HLVDOVVICVSIMPAV6. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: +ARELATVMé City gate. Denarius.

Prou 856 = Gariel XV, 30 (?); 27 (Veuillin find), 28 (Fabre Coll., var.). Rousseau Coll., 335; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1228; Ménz. u. Med. July 1955, 497; Kress Oct. 1960, 1383, 1.87 gr.

Paris: 1.55 gr.; Berlin: 1.67 gr. (Plate XV); The Hague: (Inv. 17628) 1.00 gr. (damaged); Munich: 1.64 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet; Hon.

436. Obv.: HLVDOVVICVSIMPAVC. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: +ARELATVM+ (retrograde). City gate. Denarius.

Prou 857 = Gariel XV, 29.

Paris: 1.44 gr.; Brussels: 1.57 gr.

437. Obv.: HLVDOVVICVSIMPAC. Bust, laurelled and draped, to right.

Rev.: +ARELATVM. City gate. Denarius.

Prou 858 = Gariel XV, 31.

Paris: 1.25 gr.

438. Obv.: HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: +ARELATVM. City gate. Obolus.

Gariel XV, 32 (Gariel Coll.). Gariel Coll., 689.

Berlin: 0.68 gr.

439. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: AREL/é/ATVM. Denarius.

Prou 859; Gariel XIV, 22 (Gariel Coll.).

Hamburger Nov. 1912, 25; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1229; Schulman April 1965, 3281.

Paris: 1.78 gr.; Berlin: 1.83 gr.; ANS: 1.76 gr. (Plate XV); Copenhagen: (B. P. 1254) 1.21 gr.; Grierson: 1.68 gr.; Hannover: (Inv. 1930.12) 1.78 gr.; Munich: 1.57 gr., 1.60 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet; Indre.

440. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel XIV, 23 (Gariel Coll.), 24 (Gariel Coll., var.).

Gariel Coll., 687, 688; Helbing Dec. 1917, 5; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 26; Schlessinger March 1930, 1497.

Berlin: 0.75 gr., 0.81 gr. (Plate XV); The Hague: (602) 0.72 gr. (damaged).

441. Obv.: +NLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: AREL/é/ATVM. Obolus.

Prou 860.

Paris: 0.83 gr.

442. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: AREL/é/ATVM. Obolus.

Gariel XIV, 24 (Gariel Coll.), 25 (Fillon, pl. VII, 11, var.).

443. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICI. Cross.

Rev.: image Obolus.

Gariel XV, 26 (Brussels).

MARSEILLE

444. Obv.: XHLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: MASS/é/ILIA. Denarius.

Prou 886; Gariel XVI, 65 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 40.

Rousseau Coll., 352; Cahn April 1912, 8; Cahn March 1926, 22; Cahn April 1929, 6; Cahn Oct. 1929, 892; Cahn, Pricelist 1934, 2236; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1957, 677, 1.74 gr.; Kress Oct. 1960, 1391; Théry Coll., 30.

Paris: 1.65 gr.; Berlin: 1.63 gr., 1.66 gr.; ANS: 1.73 gr. (Plate XV); BM: (57–9–1–14. IGP) 1.59 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1209) 1.62 gr.; Hannover: (Inv. 1930.314) 1.65 gr.; Oslo: 1.54 gr.; Vienna: 1.34 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet.

Italy

PAVIA

445. Obv.: HLVDOVVICVSIMPAVC. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: +PAPIA. City gate. Denarius.

Prou 900, 901; Gariel XVIII, 98 (Gariel Coll.).

CNI IV, p. 469, 1, 2; Gariel Coll., 748; Meyer Coll., 188; Bordeaux Coll., 209; Ratto Dec. 1930, 2523; Théry Coll., 35.

Paris: 1.44 gr., 1.34 gr.; Berlin: 1.14 gr., 1.72 gr. (Plate XV); Munich: 1.62 gr.; Papadopoli: (136) 1.78 gr.

Find: Brioux.

446. Obv.: HLVDOVVICI. Bust to right.

Rev.: +PAPIA. City gate. Obolus.

Gariel LXI, 15 (Annuaire de la Sociééti de numismatique, 1867, p. 141). CNI IV, p. 469, 3 (as denarius); Gariel Coll., 1335.

Berlin: 1.1o gr. (Plate XVI).

447. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: PAPIA, in one line. Denarius. Prou 902, 903 (var. with PVPIV); Gariel XVII, 95 (Gariel Coll.), 96 (Gariel Coll., var. with PHPIH). BMS 41, 42.

CNI IV, p. 469f., 5–8; Cahn Dec. 1922, 518, 1.80 gr.; Cahn Oct. 1929, 1.52 gr.; Helbing Oct. 1933, 1526, 1527, 1529; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1949, 468; Ménz. u. Med. June 1951, 430; Lockett Coll., 332; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1957, 681, 1.81 gr.; Kress Nov. 1966, 1466.

Paris: 1.71 gr., 1.70 gr.; Berlin: 1.59 gr., 1.86 gr.; ANS: 1.71 gr., 1.78 gr., 1.91 gr. (Plate XVI); BM: (57–9–1–20-IGP) 1.73 gr., (SSB–101–47) 1.77 gr.; Brussels: 1.69 gr.; Grierson: 1.73 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17633) 1.30 gr., (Inv. 17632) 1.50 gr.; Munich: 1.67 gr.; Papadopoli: (138) 1.43 gr., (139) 1.80 gr., (137) 1.85 gr.; Vienna: 1.51 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet.

448. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: PAPIA/CIVITA. Denarius.

Gariel XVIII, 97 (Gariel Coll.).

CNI IV, p. 470, 9, 10.

Berlin: 1.84 gr. (Plate XVI).

Find: Veuillin.

MILAN

449. Obv.: HLVDOVVICVSIMPAVC. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: +MEDIOLANVM. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 907, 908; Gariel XVII, 82 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 43.

CNI V, pp. 6f., 1–10; Gariel Coll., 737; Meyer Coll., 186; Hamburger Jan. 1902, 2493; Helbing Oct. 1933, 1297.

Paris: 1.68 gr., 1.37 gr.; Berlin: 1.66 gr., 1.67 gr. (Plate XVI);

BM: (SSB–100–36, var. MEDIOLANVN) 1.78 gr.; Papadopoli: (140) 1.58 gr.; Stuttgart: (2V8497) 1.70 gr.

450. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: MEDIOLANVM. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel XVII, 81 (Gariel Coll.).

CNI V, p. 7, 11.

Berlin: 1.81 gr.

451. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: MEDIO/é/LANVM. Denarius. Prou 909; Gariel XVII, 80 (Gariel Coll., var., lacking reverse dot); BMS 44. 45.

CNI V, p. 9, 12–25; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 33; Cahn April 1929, 13; Helbing Oct. 1933, 1298, 1299, 1300; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1957, 680, gr.; Kress Oct. 1960, 1389; R. G. Nascia Oct. 1965, 263.

Paris: 1.78 gr.; Berlin: 1.66 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.75 gr. (Plate XVI); ANS: 1.74 gr.; BM: (1908–10–11–505-Lincoln) 1.62 gr., (57–9–1–17–IGP) 1.56 gr.; Grierson: 1.71 gr.; Papadopoli: (142) 1.35 gr., (143) 1.58 gr., (141) 1.67 gr.; Stuttgart: (2V8498) 1.70 gr.; Vienna: 1.81 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet.

TREVISO

452. Obv.: HLVDOVVICVSIMPAVG. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: +TARVISIVM. City gate. Denarius.

RBN 1896, p. 395 (Now Frére Coll.); CNI VI, p. 229, 1.

RBN: 1.60 gr. (Plate XVI).

453. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: TARVI/SIVM. Denarius.

Prou 913, 914; Gariel XIX, 138 (Gariel Coll.), 139 (Gariel Coll.).

CNI VI, p. 229, nos. 2–7; Hess June 1888, 49; Rosenberg Nov. 1904, 29; Schulman 1931, 102; Ménz. u. Med. July 1955, 500.

Paris: 1.90 gr., 1.51 gr.; Berlin: 1.77 gr., 1.78 gr.; ANS: 1.65 gr. (Plate XVI); The Hague: (Inv. 17644) 1.70 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet.

LUCCA

454. Obv.: +HLVDOVéVICVSIMPé Cross.

Rev.: LVCA, in one line. Denarius.

Gariel XVI, 63 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 720.

Berlin: 1.68 gr. (Plate XVI).

Find: Belvézet.

VENICE

455. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: +VENE/CIASMO/NETA. Denarius.

Gariel XIX, 143 (Gariel Coll.).

CNI VII, pl. I, 1; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 43; Santamaria Nov. 1913, 3928; Ménz. u. Med. June 1951, 448. The specimens which appeared in the trade are forgeries, cf. P. Grierson, ANSCent. Publ., pl. 19, 5.

Berlin: 1.20 gr. (Plate XVI).

Find: Veuillin.

456. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: +VEN/ECIAS. Denarius. Prou 917, 918; Gariel XIX, 140 (Gariel Coll.), 141 (Veuillin find); BMS 46, 47.

CNI VII, pp. 2–6, 1–41 (var.); Rousseau Coll., 359; Cahn April 1912, 10; Cahn Dec. 1922, 519, 1.70 gr.; Cahn March 1926, 26; Cahn Oct. 1929, 896 1.30 gr.; Ménzhandl. Basel Dec. 1925, 15; Helbing Oct. 1932, 892; Helbing Oct. 1933, 1563, 1565; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1957, 682, 1.38 gr.; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1963, 541; Ménz. u. Med. Pricelist Dec. 1966, 166. Paris: 1.39 gr., 1.65 gr.; Berlin: 1.33 gr., 1.40 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.63 gr., 1.84 gr. (Plate XVI); ANS: 1.35 gr.; Blunt: 1.43 gr.; BM: (SSB–114–1) 1.63 gr., (47—11—8—1429–K) 1.37 gr.; Brussels: 1.57 gr.; Garrett: (6126) 1.45 gr.; Grierson: 1.50 gr.; The Hague: 0.80 gr. (fragment), (Inv. 17638) 1.50 gr., (Inv. 17639) 1.40 gr.; Munich: 1.57 gr., 1.58 gr.; Oslo: 1.71 gr.; Stuttgart: (2V7741) 1.52 gr.; Vienna: 1.70 gr.

Find: Veuillin; Belvézet; Hermenches; Dorestadt (1846) ?; Ide; Regensburg; Boppard; Neumiinster-Grotenkamp; Aachen (1929); Schowen.

457. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: +VEN/é/ECIAS. Denarius.

Prou 919, 920; BMS 48.

Paris: 1.65 gr., 1.39 gr.; BM: (57–9–1–13–IGP, forgery) 1.40 gr., (1906– 11–3–3585–Parkes Weber Gift) 1.37 gr.

Find: Schowen.

458. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP.:. Cross.

Rev.: +VEN/ECIAS. Denarius.

Gariel XIX, 142 (Veuillin find); BMS 49.

BM: (SSB–114–1) 1.48 gr.

Find: Veuillin.

Indeterminate Mints

FIRST PERIOD

459. Obv.: hLV/DVIh, with three dots between the lines.

Rev.: AR-ĀNIS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XIV, 1 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 677; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 24 (broken and unsold).

Berlin: 1.20 gr., 1.23 gr.

460. Obv.: hLV/OVIh, with one bar above the monogram and a second bar beneath it.

Rev.: BET/o/C. Denarius.

Bulletin de la Société franéaise de numismatique, June 1955, p. 324.

Paris: 1.17 gr. (Plate XVI).

461. Obv.: hL•U/•DUIh

Rev.: image Denarius.

Engel and Serrure, I, p. 232; Nébbe, no. 69.

Schloss Gotthorp: 1.02 gr. (Plate XVI).

Find: Krinkberg.

SECOND PERIOD

462. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP• Cross.

Rev.: ALDVN/HEIM. Denarius.

Gariel XV, 34 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 691; Schulman June 1961, 156; Théry Coll., 28.

Berlin: 1.78 gr.

Find: Veuillin.

463. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: ALA/BOTES/HAIN. Denarius.

Gariel XIV, 20 (Brussels), 21 (Brussels).

Berlin: 1.34 1.58 gr.; Brussels: 1.45 gr., 1.78 gr.

464. Obv.: +IVDOVVISREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: AQVI/NAT, with a row of dots between the lines. Obolus.

Gariel, XIV, 3.

465. Obv.: HLVDOVICVSIMP. Bust to right, degenerate.

Rev.: LEDCIl/VISTA. Obolus.

Gariel XVI, 62 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 719.

466. Obv.: LVDO/VVIC.

Rev.: +PISTIANAREI. Cross with one dot in one corner. Obolus.

Gariel XX, 148 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 0.71 gr. (Plate XVII).

467. Obv.: LVDO/VVIC.

Rev.: +PISTIANARI. Cross with one dot in one corner. Obolus.

Gariel XX, 149 (Voillemier Coll.).

468. Obv.: LVDO/VVIC.

Rev.: +RIANAELIIO. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XX, 150 (Combrouse, pl. XVIII, 10).

469. Obv.: HLVDOVVICVSIMPAVG. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 984, 985, 986; Gariel XLIII, 1 (Brussels), 2 (Gariel Coll. and the stock of Hoffmann); BMS 50.

CNI V, p. 20, 47; Meyer Coll., 182; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1252; Rosenberg Dec. 1932, 2; Lockett Coll., 325.

Paris: 1.68 gr., 1.62 gr., 1.57 gr.; Berlin: 1.42 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.66 gr., 1.72 gr., 1.77 gr. (Plate XVII); BM: (SSB–127–23) 1.64 gr.; Brussels: 1.50 gr., 1.51 gr., (Inv. 51) 1.65 gr., 1.76 gr., (Inv. 50) 1.84 gr. (gilded); Grierson: 1.69 gr.; Papadopoli: (163) 1.20 gr.

Find: "Frisia (1853)."

470. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSINPAVG. Bust.

Rev.: [Presumably XPISTIANARELIGIO.] Temple. Ꜹ Genuine ? J. de S. Quintino, "Notice sur les monnaies des princes de Saleme," RN 1841, p. 56.

RN :3.44 gr.

471. Obv.: ODOVVISVimageIMPVG. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: XPISTIANAREICIO. Temple. Obolus.

Berlin: 0.64 gr. (Plate XVII).

Find: Lauzés, 0.51 gr.

472. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 987–1004, 1006–1017, 1026–1032, 1034–1041; Gariel XLIII, 3, 6–8, 14; BMS 51–73.

Paris: 1.67 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.52 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.52 gr., 1.46 gr., 1.43 gr., 1.86 gr., 1.36 gr., 1.44 gr., 1.60 gr., r.72 gr., 1.78 gr., 1.57 gr., gr., 1.40 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.45 gr., 1.51 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.14 gr., 1.50 gr.,1.70 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.48 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.16 gr., 1.64 gr., 1.50 gr., 1.45 gr., 1.47 gr., 1.64 gr., 1.22 gr., 1.14 gr., 1.27 gr., 1.06 gr., 1.41 gr., 1.23 gr., 1.15 gr., 1.36 gr., 1.24 gr.; Berlin: 0.75 gr., 0.90 gr., 0.96 gr., 1.02 gr., 1.03 gr., 1.09 gr., 1.13 gr., 1.14 gr., 1.17 gr., 1.19 gr., 1.19 gr., 1.28 gr., 1.28 gr., 1.39 gr., 1.44 gr., 1.45 gr., 1.49 gr., 1.50 gr., 1.51 gr., 1.51 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.61 gr.. 1.61 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.62 gr., 1.66 gr., 1.67 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.69 gr., 1.70 gr., 1.71 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.75 gr., 1.75 gr., 1.79 gr.; ANS: 1.20 gr., 1.21 gr., 1.31 gr., 1.35 gr., 1.40 gr.,1.49 gr., 1.51 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.81 gr. (Plate XVII); Assen Museum: (M1855/1935–9–A–15)–, (M1872–6C)–, (M1887–26) —, (—) 0.99 gr., (M1872—5) 1.09 gr., (M1872—5) 1.09 gr., (M1872—199) 1.13 gr., (M1872–5) 1.16 gr., (M1872–5) 1.18 gr., (M1872–5) 1.18 gr., (M1872–5) 1.18 gr., (M1872—22) 1.19 gr., (M1872—5) 1.21 gr., (M1872—5) 1.21 gr., (M1872-5) 1.22 gr., (M1872–5) 1.22 gr., (M1872–5) 1.23 gr., (M1872–5) 1.27 gr., (M1872–18) 1.28 gr., (M1870–2f) 1.29 gr., (M1872—5) 1.29 gr., (Ide) 1.30 gr., (M1872–5) 1.20 gr., (M1872–5) 1.31 gr., (M1872–5) 1.31 gr., (M1872–5) 1.32 gr., (M1872—5d) 1.32 gr., (M1872–5) 1.32 gr., (M1870–E) 1.32 gr., (M1872–5) 1.33 gr., (Ide) 1.33 gr., (M1872–17) 1.34 gr., (M1872–5) 1.34 gr., (Ide) 1.34 gr., (M1870–2) 1.35 gr., (M1872–5) 1.35 gr., (M1872–5) 1.36 gr., (M1872–5) 1.36 gr., (M1872–5) 1.36 gr., (Ide) 1.36 gr., (M1870–F) 1.37 gr., (M1870–A) 1.38 gr., (M1870–2a) 1.39 gr., (Ide) 1.39 gr., (M1872–5f) 1.40 gr., (M1872–5) 1.40 gr., (M1872–5) 1.40 gr., (M1872–5) 1.40 gr., (M1870–D) 1.40 gr., (M1872–5) 1.41 gr., (M1872—6f) 1.41 gr., (M1872—5f) 1.42 gr., (M1872—5) 1.42 gr., (Ide) 1.42 gr., (Ide) 1.42 gr., (M1872–5) 1.43 gr., (M1872–5) 1.43 gr., (M1872–18a) 1.43 gr., (M1872—24a) 1.44 gr., (M1872–5) 1.45 gr., (M1872–5) 1.45 gr.. (M1872—7a) 1.45 gr., (M1872–5) 1.45 gr., (M1872–5) 1.46 gr., (M1872–24) 1.48 gr., (Ide) 1.48 gr., (M1872–5) 1.50 gr., (M1872–5) 1.50 gr., (M1872–5) 1.49 gr., (Ide) 1.50 gr., (M1872–5) 1.51 gr., (M1872–5) 1.51 gr., (M1872–5) gr., (M1872-5) 1.51 gr., (MI872-5) 1.51 gr., (M1872–5) 1.52 gr., (M1872–5) 1.52 gr., (M1872—5) 1.52 gr., (M1892–3C) 1.52 gr., (M1872-5) 1.53 gr., (M1872–5) 1.53 gr., (M1872–5) 1.53 gr., (M1872–5) 1.53 gr., (M1872–5) 1.53 gr., (M1872–5) 1.53 gr., (M1872–5) 1.53 gr., (M1872–5) 1.53 gr., (M1872–5) 1.53 gr., (M1872–5) 1.53 gr., (M1872–5) 1.53 gr., (M1872–5) 1.54 gr., (M1872–5) 1.55 gr., (M1872—6d) 1.55 gr., (M1872–5) 1.57 gr., (M1872–5) 1.57 gr., (M1872–5) 1.57 gr. (M1872–5) 1.57 gr., (Ide) 1.57 gr., (M1872–5) 1.58 gr., (M1872–21) 1.58 gr., (M1872–6a) 1.58 gr., (M1872–5) 1.59 gr., (M1872–5) 1.60 gr., (M1872-5) 1.60 gr., (M1872–5) 1.60 gr., (M1872—6L) 1.61 gr., (M1872—5) 1.61 gr., (M1872—5) 1.61 gr., (M1872—7) 1.61 gr., (M1872—5) 1.61 gr., (M1872—5) 1.61 gr., (M1872-6g) 1.62 gr., (M1855/1935—9–A16) 1.62 gr., (Ide) 1.62 gr., (Ide) 1.62 gr., (M1872-5) 1.63 gr., (M1872–5) 1.63 gr., (M1872–5) 1.63 gr., (M1872–5h) 1.62 gr., (M1872-5) 1.63 gr., (M1872-5) 1.63 gr., (M1872-5) 1.63 gr., (M1855/1955–9–A–14) 1.63 gr., (M1892–3C) 1.63 gr., (M1872–5) 1.64 gr., (M1872—4) 1.64 gr., (M1872—23) 1.64 gr., (M1872—5) 1.64 gr., (M1872—5) 1.65 gr., (M1872–5) 1.65 gr., (M1872–5) 1.65 gr., (Ide) 1.65 gr., (Ide) 1.65 gr., (M1872—5) 1.66 gr., (M1870–C) 1.67 gr., (M1870—2a) 1.67 gr., (M1872—5) 1.67 gr., (M1872—5) 1.67 gr., (M1870–C) 1.67 gr., (M1870–2a) 1.67 gr., (Ide) 1.67 gr., (M1872—5) 1.68 gr., (M1872—5) 1.68 gr., (M1872—5) 1.68 gr., (M1872–5) 1.68 gr., (M1872–5) 1.69 gr., (M1872–5) 1.69 gr., (M1872—2g) 1.69 gr., (M1872—2g) 1.69 gr., (M1872—5) 1.69 gr., (M1872—5) 1.69 gr., (M1872—5) 1.70 gr., (M1870–2b) 1.70 gr., (M1872—5) 1.70 gr., (M1872–5) 1.70 gr., (M1872–5) 1.71 gr., (M1872–5) 1.71 gr., (M1872–5b) 1.72 gr., (M1872–5C) 1.73 gr., (M1872-5) 1.74 gr., (M1872–5) 1.74 gr., (M1872—5) 1.74 gr., (M1872—6) 1.74 gr., (M1872—5a) 1.77 gr.; Blunt: 1.37 gr., 1.39 gr. 1.50 gr. 1.62 gr.; Bodleian; Ashmolean: (3 specimens); BM: 1.58 gr. (George III), 1.56 gr. (292–T–33), 1.70 gr. (296–T–25), 1.05 gr. (298–T–37), 1.59 gr. (299–T–38), 1.72 gr. (SSB–124–44), 1.85 (SSB–127–20), 1.39 gr. (SSB–127–20), 1.37 gr. (SSB–127–20), 1.64 gr. (40–3–14–174–Gravesend), 1.15 gr. (41–11–23–3–fragment), 1.54 gr. (47–2–15–25–E), 1.70 gr. (48–4–19–247–E), 1.32 gr. (57–9–1–10–IGP) 1.61 gr. (57–9–1–11–IGP), 0.97 gr. (57–9–1–51–IGP), 1.70 gr. (1908–10–11–506), 1.69 gr. (1908–10–11–507—Lincoln), 1.33 gr. (1909–10–667— Spink), 1.07 gr. (1909–10–6–8–Spink), 1.52 gr. (1915–5–7–331–Morgan [Evans]), 1.72 gr. (1920–9–7–1124–Hasluk Bequest); Brussels: 0.77 gr., 0.95 gr., 0.95 gr., 1.10 gr., 1.15 gr., 1.18 gr., 1.24 gr., 1.26 gr., 1.30 gr., 1.32 gr., 1.32 gr., 1.32 gr. 1.40 gr., 1.43 gr., 1.45 gr., 1.47 gr., 1.47 gr., 1.48 gr., 1.49 gr., 1.50 gr., 1.51 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.59 gr., 1-59 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.62 gr., 1.62 gr., 1.63 gr., 1.63 gr., 1.63 gr., 1.64 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.70 gr., 1.70 gr., 1.72 gr., 1.72 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.76 gr., 1.81 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1282) 0.84 gr., (K. P. 785) 0.91 gr., (G. P. 1392) 1.14 gr., (T. 1217) 1.24 gr., (Devegge no. 11) 1.30 gr., (T. 1219) 1.41 gr., (T. 1281) 1.47 gr., (K. P. 848) 1.50 gr., (F. P. 688) 1.51 gr., (T. 1222) 1.51 gr., (T. 1221) 1.52 gr., (T. 1218) 1.59 gr., (Devegge no. 12) 1.66 gr., (2/holm–243, F. P. 128) 1.69 gr., (K. P. 1296) 1.72 gr., (K. P. 1324) 1.94 gr.; Frankfurt a.M.: 1.39 gr.; Musée Frison: 986 (Y4680), 987 (Y4681), 988 (Y4682), 989 (Y4683), 990 (Y4684), 991 (Y4685), 992 (Y4686), 993 (Y4687), 994 (Y4688), 995 (Y4689), 996 (Y4690), 997 (Y4691), 998 (Y4692), 997 (Y6491), 998 (Y4692), 999 (Y4692), 1000 (Y4694), 1001 (Y4695), 1002 (Y4696), 1003 (Y4697), 1004 (Y4698), 1005 (Y4692), 1006 (Y4700), 1007 (Y4702), 1008 (Y4701), 1009 (Y4703), 1011 (Y4705), X012 (Y4706), 1013 (Y4707), 1014 (Y4708), 1015 (Y4709), 1016 (Y4710), 1017 (Y6035), 1018 (Y6036), 1019 (Y6037); Grierson: 1.26 gr. (damaged), 1.36 gr. (damaged), 1.41 gr., 1.45 gr., 1.48 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.67 gr., 1.82 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17670) 1.70 gr., (Inv. 17716) 0.80 gr., (563) 0.92 gr., (594) 0.94 gr., (578) 0.98 gr., (Inv. 1931:279) 1.00 gr., (Inv. 17669) 1.00 gr., (Inv. 17672) 1.00 gr., (Inv. 17706) 1.05 gr., (584) 1.07 gr., (Wagenbogen) 1.09 gr., (580) 1.10 gr., (Inv. 17692) 1.10 gr., (565) 1.13 gr., (Inv. 17701) 1.15 gr., (Inv. 17725) 1.15 gr., (569) 1.17 gr., (Inv. 17684) 1.20 gr., (Inv. 17674) 1.20 gr., (Inv. 17709) 1.20 gr., (Inv. 17712) 1.20 gr., (595) 1.21 gr., (573) 1.21 gr., (596) 1.23 gr., (Inv. 17710) 1.25 gr., (Inv. 17711) 1.25 gr., (Inv. 17715) 1.25 gr., (Wagenbogen) 1.29 gr., (560) 1.30 gr., (17666) 1.30 gr., (Inv. 17677) 1.30 gr., (Inv. 17694) 1.30 gr., (Inv. 17708) 1.30 gr., (Wagenbogen) 1.31 gr., (576) 1.32 gr., (Wagenbogen) 1.33 gr., (Wagenbogen) 1.35 gr., (1931: 285) 1.35 gr., (Inv. 17703) 1.35 gr., (Inv. 17707) 1.35 gr., (Wagenbogen) 1.36 gr., (562) 1.38 gr., (589) 1.38 gr., (579) 1.39 gr., (572) 1.40 gr., (572) 1.40 gr., (17688) 1.40 gr., (Inv. 1931:282) 1.40 gr., (Inv. 17679) 1.40 gr., (Inv. 17691) 1.40 gr., (Inv. 17697) 1.40 gr., (Inv. 17699) 1.40 gr., (Inv. 17700) 1.40 gr., (Inv. 17702) 1.40 gr., (Inv. 17704) 1.40 gr., (565) 1.42 gr., (587) 1.42 gr., (Wagenbogen) 1.42 gr., (586) 1.47 gr., (Wagenbogen) 1.47 gr., (585) 1.48 gr., (568) 1.50 gr., (Inv. 177687) 1.50 gr., (Inv. 17686) 1.50 gr., (Inv. 683) 1.50 gr., (Inv. 667) 1.50 gr., (Inv. 17668) 1.50 gr., (Inv. 17673) 1.50 gr., (Inv. 17676) 1.50 gr., é(Inv. 17693) 1.50 gr., (Inv. 17695) 1.50 gr., (Inv. 17713) 1.50 gr., (Inv. 17723) 1.50 gr., (Inv. 17725) 1.50 gr., (593) 1.51 gr., (Inv. 17671) 1.51 gr., (559) 1.53 gr., (571) 1.54 gr., (574) 1.54 gr., (Wagenbogen) 1.57 gr., (Wagenbogen) 1.57 gr., (561) 1.58 gr., (583) 1.58 gr., (566) 1.59 gr., (588) 1.59 gr., (278) 1.60 gr., (Inv. 17681) 1.60 gr., (Inv. 17682) 1.60 gr., (Inv. 17696) 1.60 gr., (Inv. 17688) 1.60 gr., (Inv. 17661) 1.60 gr., (Inv. 17665) 1.60 gr., (Inv. 17675) 1.60 gr., (Inv. 17680) 1.60 gr., (Inv. 17690) 1.60 gr., (Inv. 17714) 1.60 gr., (Wagenbogen) 1.61 gr., (Inv. 17717) 1.65 gr., (577) 1.67 gr., (Wagenbogen) 1.67 gr., (575) 1.69 gr., (278) 1.70 gr., (581) 1.70 gr., (Inv. 17678) 1.70 gr., (Inv. 17689) 1.70 gr., (Inv. 17726) 1.70 gr., (582) 1.94 gr., and numerous fragments; Hannover: (Inv. 1961) 1.31 gr., (KHg. Slg. Teves. 2) 1.40 gr., (Inv. 1961) 1.49 gr., (Inv. 1961) 1.54 gr., (Inv. 1961) 1.58 gr., (KHg. Slg. Teves. 2) 1.63 gr., (Inv. 1961) 1.66 gr.; Hermitage: 1.68 gr.; Munich: 1.06 gr., 1.08 gr., 1.22 gr., 1.40 gr., 1.41 gr., 1.41 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.63 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.75 gr., 1.75 gr.; Nelson: (53.114.1855); Oslo: 0.99 gr., 1.33 gr., 1.46 gr., 1.49 gr., 1.70 gr., 1.70 gr.; Trier: (Inv. 31.114) 1.44 gr.; Van Rede: (B1223) 1.17 gr., (B1231) 1.43 gr., (B1219) 1.44 gr., (B1230) 1.45 gr., (B1217) 1.47 gr., (B1229) 1.52 gr., (B1218) 1.53 gr., (B1221) 1.56 gr., (B1223) 1.57 gr., (B1222) 1.60 gr., (B1224) 1.60 gr., (B1220) 1.65 gr., (B1226) 1.65 gr., (B1225) 1.70 gr., (B1227) 1.76 gr.; Vatican: 1.30 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.70 gr., 1.79 gr.; Vienna: 1.24 gr., 1.51 gr., 1.62 gr., 1.63 gr., 1.70 gr.

Find: Belvézet, Dorestadt (1846); Hermenches; Barbentane; "Indre;" Thouars; "Frisia" (1853); Neuvi-au-Houlme; Oudwoude; Kimswerd-Pingjum I; Kimswerd-Pingjum II; Fontaines; Rijs; Ballon; Mullagh- boden; Achlum; Lauzés; Brioux; Zelzate; Cosne; Ide; Pilligerheck; Wagenbogen; Aggersborg; Iholm; Lerchenborg; Tolstrup; Birka; Gravesend; Talnotrie; Chamoux-Marcilly; Winsum (?); Aalsum; Emmen; Midlaren; Groningen; Loppersum; Muizon-lez-Malines; Bourgneuf; Roswinkel; Marsum; Evreux; Hoard of the Holy Family; Haute Isle; Assen; Epfach; Frankfurt a.M. (1857); Fulda; Haitabu (before 1924); Hohenaltheim; Hornburg; Korvey; Mayen; Ramelsloh; Speyer; Stade; Arstad; Kaupang; Spangereid; Rimforsa; Salum; Croyden; Trewhiddle; Orsova; Worms; Aachen; Schowen; Søndre Bø.

473. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Prou 1005, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1033; BMS 74, 75.

Paris: 0.71 gr., 0.76 gr., 0.78 gr., 0.72 gr., 0.79 gr., 0.92 gr., 0.72 gr.; Berlin: 0.67 gr., 0.73 gr., 0.74 gr., 0.75 gr., 0.77 gr.; BM: (57–9–1–12 IGP) 0.73 gr., (SSB–127–40) 0.50 gr.; Brussels: 0.65 gr., 0.66 gr., 0.72 gr.; Grierson: 0.76 gr.; The Hague: (601) 0.65 gr.; Hannover: (Inv. 1930.170) 0.85 gr.; Holmes: 0.74 gr.; Munich: 0.59 gr., 0.70 gr.; Vatican: 0.85 gr.; Vienna: 0.72 gr.; Yale University (Plate XVII).

Find: Barbentane; Lauzés; Schowen.

474. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with one cross beneath. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.10 gr., 1.33 gr.; La Chaussée.

475. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with one cross at right. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.06 gr.

476. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with one cross at each side. Denarius.

Gariel XLIII, 24 (Brussels).

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.34 gr., 1.71 gr.; Mullaghboden; Dorestadt (1845/6).

477. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with one cross beneath and one dot at each side. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 0.87 gr.; La Chaussée.

478. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with crescent beneath.

Denarius. Gariel XLIII, 21 (Gariel Coll.), 22 (Brussels). 23.

Berlin: 1.44 gr.; Assen Museum: (M1855–2d) 1.34 gr., (M1872–8C) 1.36 gr., (M1872–8e) 1.36 gr., (M1855–2a) 1.38 gr., (M1855–2b) 1.38 gr., (M1872–8a) 1.44 gr., (M1872-8b) 1.60 gr., (M1855–2e) 1.63 gr., (M1855/ 1935–9–BL) 1.72 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17721) 0.75 gr., (Inv. 17720) 0.95 gr., (Inv. 1931:287) 1.15 gr., (Inv. 17664) 1.29 gr., 1.50 gr., (641) 1.57 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.68 gr.

Find: Kimswerd-Pingjum I; Ide; Emmen; Wagenbogen; Zelzate, 1.53 gr.; Pilligerheck, 1.26 gr., 1.43 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.78 gr.

479. Same as foregoing, with one dot at each side of the crescent. Denarius.

Brussels: 1.47 gr.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.08 gr.

480. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with o beneath. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.23 gr.

481. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with S beneath. Denarius. Prou 1018; Gariel XLIV, 28 (Gariel Coll.).

Paris: 1.43 gr.; Berlin: 1.39 gr., 1.51 gr.; Assen Museum: (M1872–14) 1.80 gr.; Brussels: 1.45 gr., 1.55 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17719) 1.20 gr., 1.52 gr., 1.62 gr.; Munich: 1.46 gr.

Find: Indre; Kimswerd-Pingjum I; Emmen; Ide; Wagenbogen; Pilligerheck, 1.31 gr., 1.40 gr., 1.41 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.64 gr., 1.67 gr., 1.74 gr.

482. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with chevron beneath lowest step. Denarius. Prou 1025; Gariel XLIV, 25 (Gariel Coll.).

Paris: 1.62 gr.; Berlin: 1.19 gr., 1.75 gr.; Assen Museum: (M1872–16) 1.67 gr.; Blunt: 1.37 gr. (damaged); Brussels: 1.59 gr., 1.68 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 1931.283) 1.65 gr. (Plate XVII).

Find: Kimswerd-Pingjum I; Zelzate, 1.40 gr., 1.47 gr., 1.51 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.60 gr.; Pilligerheck, 1.53 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.66 gr.; Bourgneuf; Emmen.

483. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with one dot beneath. Denarius. Assen Museum: (1872-6a) 1.13 gr., (M1870-B) 1.13 gr., (M1872-1oa) 1.38 gr., (M1872-5) 1.59 gr., (M1872-10) 1.71 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17718) 0.85 gr., (Inv. 17722) 1.25 gr., (Inv. 17659) 1.30 gr., (Inv. 17660) 1.40 gr., (Inv. 1931:286) 1.40 gr. (Plate XVII).

Find: Kimswerd-Pingjum I; Emmen; Zelzate, 1.42 gr.; Pilligerheck, 1.33 gr., 1.36 gr., 1.39 gr., 1.48 gr., 1.48 gr., 1.49 gr., 1.51 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.61 gr.

484. Withdrawn after the numbering system was fixed.

485. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with one dot at right. Denarius. Assen Museum: (M1870-2h) 1.54 gr.; The Hague: (564) 1.30 gr.; Van Rede: (B1229) 1.52 gr.

Find: Roswinkel; Pilligerheck, 1.41 gr.

486. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with one dot at right of temple and one beneath. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.39 gr., 1.63 gr.

487. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each of three corners and three dots triangularly arranged in the fourth.

Rev.: +PISTIANAREICIO. Temple with one dot at right. Denarius. Gariel XLIII, 12 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 76.

Berlin: 1.35 gr.; BM: (295–T–34) 1.30 gr.; The Hague: (564) 1.30 gr.

488. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with one dot below and one dot at left. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.43 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.50 gr.

489. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with one dot at each side. Denarius.

Prou 1010; Gariel XLIII, 4 (Gariel Coll.).

Paris: 1.38 gr.; Berlin: 1.63 gr., and a copper forgery weighing 1.15 gr.; Assen Museum: (M1872–12/13); Brussels: 1.69 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 1931:288) 1.25 gr.; Vatican: 1.40 gr.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.41 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.62 gr., 1.67 gr.

490. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with one dot at each side and o beneath. Denarius. Gariel XLIII, 19 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.57 gr.; Assen Museum: (M1870B) 1.65 gr., (M1872–13) 1.10 gr., (var. the o is a dot), (M1870–20) 1.65 gr. (same var.); Brussels: 1.40 gr.

Find: Roswinkel.

491. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each of three corners and three dots triangularly arranged in the fourth.

Rev.: XPISTIANAREIICIO. Temple with one dot at each side and one beneath. Denarius.

Assen Museum: (1872–20) 1.33 gr.; Brussels: 1.31 gr.; The Hague: (17722) 1.25 gr.

Find: Indre (var., three dots triangularly arranged beneath temple); Pilligerheck, 1.19 gr., 1.57 gr.

492. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANAREIICIO. Temple, with two dots triangularly arranged beneath. Denarius.

Assen Museum: (M1872–11) 1.37 gr.; The Hague: 1.25 gr.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.42 gr.

493. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELICIO. Temple with one dot at each side of the roof and one at the left of the temple. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.55 gr.

494. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELICIO. Temple with three dots horizontally arranged beneath. Denarius.

Gariel XLIII, 9 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.51 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.67 gr.; Assen Museum: (M1872–8) 1.21 gr., (M1872–11L) 1.24 gr., (M1872–na) 1.35 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17662) 0.92 gr., (1931–280) 1.05 gr.

Find: Kimswerd-Pingjum I; Wagenbogen; Pilligerheck, 0.76 gr., 1.20 gr., 1.25 gr., 1.27 gr., 1.29 gr., 1.47 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.71 gr.

495. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one o in one corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with three dots horizontally arranged beneath. Denarius.

Gariel XLIII, 18 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.19 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.62 gr., 1.68 gr.; Assen Museum: (M1855/1935–9BI) 1.72 gr,; The Hague: (Inv. 1931:280) 1.05 gr., (Inv. 1931:289) 1.55 gr., (Inv. 17663) 1.50 gr. (Plate XVII).

Find: Emmen.

496. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with three dots triangularly arranged beneath. Denarius.

Gariel XLIII, 11 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.42 gr.; Assen Museum: (M1872–36) 1.63 gr., (M1855–2CI) 1.34 gr., (M1855–2a) 1.38 gr., (M1855–2I5) 1.38 gr., (M1872–9L) 1.60 gr., (M1892–3L) 1.63 gr.; Brussels: 1.38 gr., 1.54 gr. 1.58 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.63 gr.; Van Rede: (B1228) 1.51 gr.; The Hague: 1.21 gr., (Inv. 17663) 1.50 gr., (592) 1.52 gr., (Inv. 1931:289) 1.55 gr. (Plate XVII).

Find: Indre; Kimswerd-Pingjum I; Emmen; Assen; Ide; Zelzate, 1.49 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.65 gr.; Pilligerheck, 1.30 gr., 1.45 gr., 1.47 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.63 gr., 1.63 gr., 1.64 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.69 gr.

497. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with three dots arranged triangularly beneath and one dot at each side of the temple. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.35 gr.

498. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMI. Cross with one dot in each of three corners and three dots triangularly arranged in the fourth.

Rev.: XPISTIANAREIICIO. Temple with one dot at each side and three dots triangularly arranged beneath. Denarius. Gariel XLIII, 13 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.34 gr.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.29 gr., 1.38 gr., 1.63 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.66 gr.

499.Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELICIO. Temple with one dot above it on each side, one dot at the side of the roof cross, and three dots horizontally arranged below. Denarius. Assen Museum: (M1872–11a).

500. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each of three corners and three dots triangularly arranged in the fourth.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELICIO. Temple with three wedges arranged triangularly below and one wedge at each side. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.38 gr.

501. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with three dots triangularly arranged at left. Denarius.

Gariel XLIII, 10 (Indre find and stock van Peteghen). Assen Museum: (M1872–9a) 1.59 gr., (M1872–9) 1.68 gr.; The Hague: (591) 0.76 gr.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.59 gr., 1.63 gr., 1.63 gr.; Emmen; Indre.

502. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with a bar at right. Denarius. Assen Museum: (1872–5) 1.54 gr.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.25 gr., 1.30 gr., 1.33 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.61 gr.

503. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIICIO. Temple with three dots triangularly arranged at right. Denarius.

Assen Museum: (M1872–9a) 1.59 gr.; The Hague: (504).

Find: Indre.

504. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with three dots in a row beside the roof, at the upper right of the temple. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.60 gr.

505. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple with a third step. Denarius. Gariel XLIV, 26 (Gariel Coll.).

Assen Museum: (M1892–15) 1.22 gr.; Brussels: 1.69 gr.; The Hague: (595) 1.21 gr., (Inv. 17698) 1.45 gr. (Inv. 1931–284) 1.70 gr.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.61 gr.

506. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot at each end and one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel XLIII, 3 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.55 gr.

507. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each of three corners, and two in the fourth.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELICIO. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel XLIII, 5.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.64 gr.

508. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each of three corners, and three wedges in the fourth.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.22 gr.

508a. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: +XPISTIANAREIICIO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 1042; Gariel XLIV, 49 (Gariel Coll.), XLV, 50 (Gariel Coll.).

Paris: 1.79 gr.; Brussels: 0.91 gr., 1.38 gr.

509. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMI. Cross.

Rev.: image. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 1043.

Paris: 0.74 gr.; Brussels: 0.71 gr.

Find: Belvézet; Thouars.

510. Obv.: +HVDOVVICVSIP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +PISTIAHARE (retrograde). Cross. Obolus.

Prou 1044.

Paris: 0.75 gr.

511. Obv.: +IILVDOVVICVSP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: image Cross. Obolus.

Prou 1045.

Paris: 0.70 gr.; Brussels.

512. Obv.: +NLVDOVVICVSI. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +PISTIANARE (retrograde). Cross. Obolus.

Prou 1046.

Paris: 0.64 gr.

513. Obv.: image. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +PISTIAIé E. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 1047.

Paris: 0.47 gr.

513a. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVS. Cross with one dot in lower left corner.

Rev.: image Temple. Denarius. Leeds University Coll. (ex Winchester Cathedral Coll.): 1.35 gr.

514. Obv.: DNHLVDOVVICVSIMPAVG. Bust, laureate and draped, to left.

Rev.: MVNVSDIVINVM circumscriptional about a wreath, all centering upon a cross. Ꜹ Medallion.

Prou 1070 = Gariel XIV, 10.

On this series, see P. Grierson, "The Gold Solidus of Louis the Pious and its Imitations", Jaarboek voor Munt-en Penningkunde, XXXVIII (I951). pp. 1–41.

Paris: 7.04 gr.

515. Obv.: DNHLVDOVVICVSIMPAVG. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: MVNVSDIVINVM circumscriptional about a wreath, all centering upon a cross. Ꜹ Prou 1071; Gariel XIV, 11 (Gariel Coll.): BMS 77.

Paris: 4.32 gr., 4.35 gr.; Berlin: 4.41 gr. (Plate XVII); ANS: 4.39 gr.; BM: 4.36 gr.; Brussels: 3.43 gr. (clipped); Garrett: (31845) 4.32 gr.; Grierson: 4.32 gr., 5.56 gr.; Munich: 4.39 gr.

Find: St. Vincent-sur-Craon; Hon; Séndre Vaje; Lewes.

LOTHAIRE I (840–855)

PALACE

516. Obv.: +LOHARIVSIMPERATO. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: PALATINAMONETA. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 11 = Gariel LIX, 22.

Gariel Coll., 1323.

Paris: 1.69 gr. (Plate XVII); Berlin: 1.18 gr.

517. Obv.: +LOTARIVSIMPIRAT. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: PALATINAMONETA. Temple. Denarius.

The Hague: (Inv. 17491) 0.87 gr., (Inv. 17490) 1.20 gr.

Find: Wagenbogen; Zelzate, 1.64 gr.; Pilligerheck, 1.21 gr., 1.48 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.62 gr.

518. Obv.: +HLOTARISIMPERATO. Cross with one circle in one corner.

Rev.: PALA/TINAMO/NETA. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.60 gr.

519. Obv.: +HLOTARIVSIMPERATOP. Cross with one circle in one corner.

Rev.: PALA/TINAMO/NETA. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.63 gr.

520. Obv.: +HLOTARIVSIMPERI. Cross.

Rev.: PALA/TINAMO/NITA. Denarius.

Gariel LIX, 23 (Combrouse, pl. XLV, 1).

Lorraine

DORESTADT

521. Obv.: image Cross.

Rev.: DOR/ES•TA/TVS. Denarius.

Prou 69.

Cahn 1934, 2241a; Ménzhandl. Basel Oct. 1936, 309.

Paris: 1.51 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 80) 1.13 gr., (Inv. 79 var.) 1.24 gr., 1.85 gr.; Copenhagen: (A. f. Rasko Ménter) 1.34 gr.; Groningen Museum: (3372a var.), (R6) 1.65 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17519 var.) 1.40 gr.; Munich: 1.46 gr.; Oslo: 1.68 gr.; Van Rede: (B1233, B1234, B1236).

Find: Aalsum; Wagenbogen.

522. Obv.: image Cross.

Rev.: DOR/ES•TA/TVS. Denarius.

Gariel LIX, 15 (Brussels).

Riechman April 1928, 629.

Berlin: 1.52 gr.

Find: Roswinkel; Assen.

523. Obv.: +HLOTIARVSHéMP. Cross.

Rev.: DOR/ES•TA/TVS. Denarius.

Prou 70.

Paris: 1.41 gr.

524. Obv.: +HIOTIAIVSIIEIéA. Cross.

Rev.: DOR/ESTA/TVS. Denarius.

Prou 71, 72, 73 (var.); Gariel LIX, 16 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 82, 83. Cahn March 1926, 30; Cahn Feb. 1931, 11; Kress Oct. 1960, 1422–1426 (five varieties); Kricheldorf May 1956, 337.

Paris: 1.54 gr., 1.41 gr., 1.40 gr.; Berlin: 1.03 gr., 1.49 gr., 1.50 gr.,1.55 gr., 1.79 gr.; ANS: 1.33 gr. (Plate XVII); Assen Museum: (M1870–3–7g) 1.63 gr., (M1870–3–7h) 1.65 gr., M1870–3–7e) 1.68 gr., (M1870–3–7) 1.68 gr., (M1870–3–7b) 1.67 gr., (1870–3–7a1) 1.70 gr., (M1870–3–7d) 1.70 gr., (M1870–3–7a), (M1870–3–7C) ;Blunt: 1.31 gr. (damaged); BM: (SSB–34–117) 1.62 gr., (an additional exemplar, without inventory number) 0.78 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 79) 1.24 gr. (var.+HOTIANVSIEAT); Copenhagen: (Devegge no. 15) 1.47 gr.; Grierson; The Hague: (Inv. 17516) 1.20 gr., (Inv. 17514) 1.30 gr. (fragment), (Inv. 1955:742) 1.38 gr., (Inv. 1955:740) 1.44 gr., (Inv. 17515) 1.50 gr., (Inv. 17517) 1.50 gr., (Inv. 1955.741) 1.58 gr., (Inv. 17513) 1.71 gr., (Inv. 17518) 1.71 gr.

525. Obv.: +IOTAIIVSINI-IPAT. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: DORESTATVSMON. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 74; Gariel LIX, 17 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 84, 85, 86.

Rousseau Coll., 436; Motte Coll., 130; Cahn March 1926, 31; Riechman April 1928, 630; Cahn Feb. 1931, 12; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1957, 683, 1.64 gr.; Schulman March 1963, 432.

Paris: 1.40 gr.; Berlin: 1.40 gr. (fragment), 1.61 gr., 1.64 gr., 1.65 gr. (Plate XVII); Assen Museum: M1855–2; M1855/1935–9; A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, A11, B2, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9; 6–1, 6–2, 6–3, 6–4, 605, 6–6, 6–7, 608, 609, 6–10, 6–11, 6–12, 6–12bis, 6–14, 6–16, 6–17, 6A1, 6A2, 6B4, 6B15, 6C1, 6C2, 6C3, 6D1, 6D3, 6D4, 6D5, 6D6, 6D7, 6D8, 6D9, 6D10, 6E1, 6E2, 6F1, 6G, 61, 6K, 6L1, 6L2, 6L3, 6L4, 6L5, 6L6, 6L7, 6L8, 6L9, 6L10, 6L11, 6L12, 6L13, 6L14, 6L15, 6L16, 6L17, 6L18, 6L19, 6L20, 6L21, 6L22, 6L23; BM: (SSB–34–116) 1.75 gr., (SSB–34–117) 1.67 gr., (57–9–1–25–IGP) 1.64 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1225) 1.49 gr.; Musée Frison: 1054 (A590), 1055 (A591), 1056 (A592), 1057 (A593), 1058 (A594), 1059 (A595), 1060 (A596), 1061 (A597), 1062 (A598), 1063 (A599), 1064 (A600), 1065 (A601), 1066 (A602), 1067 (A603), 1068 (A604), 1069 (A605), 1070 (A606), 1071 (A607), 1072 (A608), 1073 (A609), 1074 (A610), 1075 (A611), 1076 (A612), 1077 (A613), 1078 (A614), 1079 (A615), 1080 (A66), 1081 (A617), 1082 (A618), 1083 (A619); Grierson: 1.73 gr., 1.57 gr.; The Hague: 512, 513, 534, 546, 547, 550, 552, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 559bis, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574. 575. 576, 578, 579, 581, 582, 595, 596, 597. 598, 599, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 660. R1, R2, R3, R5; Inv. 1931:294, Inv. 1931:295, Inv. 1931:296, Inv. 1931:297, Inv. 1931: 298, Inv. 1931:299, Inv. 1931: 300, Inv. 1931:302, Inv. I931:303, Inv. 1931:305. Inv. 1931:307 Inv. 1931:309, Inv. 1931:310, Inv. 1931:311, Inv. 17526, Inv. 17527, Inv. 17528, Inv. 17529, Inv. 17530, Inv. 17531, Inv. 17532, Inv. 17533, Inv. 17534, Inv. 17535. Inv. 17536, Inv. 17537. Inv. 17538, Inv. 17539, Inv. 17540, Inv. 17541. Inv. 17542, Inv. 17543. Inv. 17545. Inv. 17546; Oslo: 1.66 gr.; Vienna: 1.62 gr., 1.70 gr.

Find: Neuvi-au-Houlme; Oudwoude; Kimswerd-Pingjum I; Kimswerd-Pingjum II; Cosne; Ide; Pilligerheck; Aalsum; Emmen; Midlaren; Wagenbogen; Groningen (1890); Roswinkel; Marsum.

526. Obv,:.image Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: DORESTATVSMON. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 75.

Paris: 1.66 gr.; Brussels: 1.13 gr.

Find: Rijs.

527. Obv.: image Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: DORESTATVSHON. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 76.

Paris: 1.49 gr.; Brussels: 1.61 gr., (Inv. 81) 1.64 gr.; Van Rede: (B1238) B1239, B1240, B1242, B1243, B1245, B1246).

528. Obv.: +HOTARIVSIIINPAT. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: DORESTATVSMON. Temple. Denarius.

Groningen Museum: (R4) 1.51 gr.

529. Obv.: +IOTAMVSIPIEIRAT. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: DORESTATVMON. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 77.

Cahn April 1912, 16.

Paris: 1.58 gr.; ANS: 1.55 gr.; Brussels: 0.58 gr., 0.67 gr., 0.74 gr 0.76 gr., 0.79 gr. 0.80 gr., 0.81 gr., 0.81 gr., 0.82 gr., 0.90 gr., 0.92 gr 0.99 gr., 1.00 gr., 1.04 gr., 1.16 gr., (all damaged), (Inv. 82) 1.50 gr., 158 gr (Inv. 83) 1.74 gr.; Groningen Museum: (A1052) fragment, (A1054 fragment, (583) 1.33 gr., (A1928) 1.76 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17524 0.85 gr., (Inv. 17522) 1.30 gr., (612) 1.38 gr., (Inv. 17523) 1.39 gr (Inv. 17520) 1.50 gr., (Inv. 17521) 1.50 gr., (Inv. 17515) 1.50 gr.. (Inv 17544) 1.70 gr., (610) 1.71 gr.; Hermitage: 1.72 gr., 1.59 gr.; Munich 1.58 gr.

530. Obv.: +IOTAMVSIPHEIBAT. Cross with one dot in each corner

Rev.: DORESTATVSMOH. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 78.

Kress Oct. 1960, 1419, 1420, 1421.

Paris: 1.60 gr.; ANS: 1.51 gr.; Brussels: 1.66 gr., 1.75 gr.; The Hague (611) 1.38 gr.

Find: Schowen.

COLOGNE

531. Obv.:... .ARIVSIIMPIPIPI. Cross.

Rev.: COION/ANOII/ETA. Denarius.

Hévernick, 17.

The Hague: (Inv. 17548) 0.75 gr. (damaged).

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.41 gr. (var. +IIIIOTARIVSIIIDERITO, COIOH IAHOII/ETA); Wagenbogen.

532. Obv.: +LOTHARIVSRIXIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner

Rev.: COLONIACIVITAS. Temple. Denarius.

Cf. Hévernick, 15, 16.

Brussels: (Inv. 78) 0.88 gr. (damaged).

533. Obv.: +LOTHARIVSREXIHPE. Cross with one dot in each corner

Rev.: COLONNECIVITAS. Temple. Denarius.

Berlin (Plate XVII).

Find: Groningen (1890).

534. Obv.: +LOTHARIVSREXIHPE. Cross with one dot in each corner

Rev.: image Temple. Denarius.

Meyer Coll., 460.

Berlin: 1.47 gr.

MAASTRICHT

535. Obv.: +IOTITARIVSPXIE. Cross with one dot in each of three corners and one circle in the fourth.

Rev.: TRICETENSEMONI Temple. Denarius.

The Hague: (Inv. 17553) 0.80 gr. (fragment), (Inv. 17552) 1.1ogr.

Find: Wagenbogen.

536. Obv.: +LOTARIVSRIXIMP. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners and one circle in each of the others.

Rev.: TRIIETINSEMONE. Temple. Denarius.

The Hague: (Inv. 17550) 0.75 gr., (Inv. 17551) 1.20 gr. (broken var., circle in only one corner of obv. cross).

Find: Wagenbogen; Ide, 1.56 gr. (var. REXIMP; TRICETINSIMONE).

537 Obv.: +LOTARIVSPIXIMPI. Cross with one dot in each of three corners and a crescent in the fourth.

Rev.: TPICETINSIIMON. Temple. Denarius.

The Hague: (Inv. 17549) 105 gr.

Find: Wagenbogen.

538. Obv.: +LOTIARIVSPEXERI. Cross with one dot in each of three corners and a circle in the fourth.

Rev.: image Temple. Denarius.

Assen: (LT2) 1.59 gr. (Plate XVII).

Find: Ide.

539. Obv.: +IOTIIAIIVSPEXPE. Cross with one dot in each of three corners and a circle in the fourth.

Rev.: image Temple. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.54 gr.

540. Obv.: +LOTIARIVSRFIPE. Cross with one dot in each of three corners and a circle in the fourth.

Rev.: image Temple. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.68 gr.

HUY

541. Obv.: +OTAPIVSIIIRIRATO. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +HOGISEMONETA. Temple with three dots triangularly arranged beneath. Denarius.

Gariel LIX, 18 (Gariel Coll.). Gariel Coll., 1319; Meyer Coll., 463.

Berlin: 1.41 gr., 1.57 gr. (Plate XVII); Assen Museum: (M1872–27, var. +OTAPIVSIIIPIPATO; HOGISIMONETA) 1.36 gr., (M1872–27a, var.image 1.52 gr.

Find: Emmen (var. +OTARIVSIMPIPATO); Ballon (var. +LOTARIV-SIMPIRATO; +HOGSIMONETA); Pilligerheck, 1.37 gr.; Rijs.

542. Obv.:.image Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +HOCISIMIOIIITA. Temple with three dots triangularly arranged beneath. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.59 gr.

CAMBRAI

543. Obv.: image. Cross.

Rev.: image Temple. Denarius.

Gariel LIX, 14 (Combrouse, pl. XIV, 3).

544. Obv.: image Cross.

Rev.: KAIIARACASIVS. Temple. Denarius.

Find: Zelzate.

545. Obv.: +HLOTHARIVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: image Temple. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.58 gr., 1.62 gr.

TRIER

546. Obv.: +HLOTARIVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: TREVERISCIVI Temple. Denarius.

Prou 127; Gariel LX, 26 (Gariel Coll.). Gariel Coll., 1325; Hess May 1893, 2223.

Paris: 1.22 gr.; Berlin: 1.12 gr., 1.26 gr., 1.49 gr. (var. TREVERISCIV) (Plate XVIII); Assen Museum: (M1872–28) 1.38 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 86) 1.18 gr.; Trier: (Inv. 40.1201) 1.21 gr.

Find: Emmen; Pilligerheck, 1.12 gr., 1.19 gr. (var. with rev. inscription retrograde), 1.33 gr., 1.40 gr., 1.43 gr. (var. with rev. inscription retrograde), 1.45 gr., 1.45 gr., 1.51 gr., 1.52 gr.; Trier (1852 and 1761).

METZ

547. Obv.: +HLVTHARIVSMIP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: MEDIOMATRICORVI. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel LIX, 19 (Gariel Coll.). Gariel Coll., 1320; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 130 (broken); Helbing April 1913, 1820; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1345.

Berlin: 1.31 gr., 1.33 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17555) 0.60 gr., (damaged).

Find: Wagenbogen.

548. Obv.: +HLOTHARIVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: MEDIOMATRICORVM. Temple. Denarius.

The Hague: (Inv. 17554) 0.85 gr. (var. +HLVTHARIVSIMP).

Find: Wagenbogen; Pilligerheck, 1.65 gr., 1.71 gr.

549. Obv.: +HLVTHVRIVSMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: MEDIOMATRICORV. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 129.

Paris: 0.85 gr.; Berlin (Plate XVIII); Brussels: (Inv. 84) 1.34 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17556–8) Q-71 gr., 0.75 gr., 0.85 gr., (all damaged).

Find: Wagenbogen; Zelfcate; Pilligerheck, 1.23 gr., 1.26 gr., 1.33 gr., 1.34 gr., 1.40 gr.

550. Obv.: +HLOTIARIVSIMPER. Cross.

Rev.: MEDI/EMATRI/CIS. Denarius.

Gariel LIX, 20 (Gariel Coll.). Gariel Coll., 1321.

Berlin: 1.34 gr. (Plate XVIII).

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.38 gr. (+HOTIVPIVSIHPEITO).

VERDUN

551. Obv.: +HLOTHARIVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: VIRIDVNVMCIVIS. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 147; Gariel LX, 30 (Gariel Coll.), 29 (var. with+HLVTHARIVSIMP, Robert, pl. XIII, 4).

Gariel Coll., 1328; Meyer Coll., 464; Bordeaux Coll., 384; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1346; Schulman Jan. 1956, 1559.

Paris: 1.54 gr.; Berlin: 1.10 gr., 1.30 gr. (Plate XVIII); Assen Museum: (M1892–29a) 1.34 gr., (M1872–28) 1.39 gr., (M1892–29) 1.39 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 85) 1.35 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 809) 1.29 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17559) 0.90 gr.

Find: Emmen; Groningen (1890); Wagenbogen; Pilligerheck, 1,25 gr., 1.32 gr., 1.40 gr., 1.43 gr., 1.44 gr., 1.45 gr., 1.45 gr., 1.46 gr., 1.47 gr., 1.49 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.56 gr.

552. Obv.: +HLOTHARIVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: VIRIDVNVMCIVIS. Temple, with cross incised on steps. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 0.94 gr., 1.12 gr., 1.14 gr., 1.18 gr., 1.18 gr., 1.23 gr., 1.27 gr., 1.31 gr., 1.31 gr., 1.32 gr., 1.35 gr., 1.40 gr., 1.42 gr., 1.45 gr.,1.45 gr., 1.47 gr., 1.47 gr., 1.49 gr., 1.52 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.63 gr.

Neustria

TOURS

553. Obv.: +HLOTARIVSMP. Cross.

Rev.: TVRO/NES/•Denarius.

Gariel LX, 25 (Brussels); RBN 1853, pl. XVIII, 7.

RBN: 1.57 gr.

Brussels: 1.60 gr. (Plate XXIII, slightly enlarged).

Aquitaine

AQUITAINE

554. Obv.: image Cross.

Rev.: IVQVI TA'IIA. Obolus.

A. Dieudonné, "Acquisitions du Cabinet des Medailles: Monnaies caro-lingiennes," RN 1915, no. 658a.

Paris: 0.60 gr.

Gascony

BORDEAUX

555. Obv.: +HLOTARIVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +BVRDICALA. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 790; Gariel LIX, 13 (Gariel Coll.). Rousseau Coll., 362; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1344; Cahn 1934, 2241 Kricheldorf June 1961, 328.

Paris: 1.60 gr.; Berlin: 1.48 gr.; ANS: 1.58 gr. (Plate XVIII).

Italy

PAVIA

556. Obv.:.image Cross.

Rev.: PAPIA, in one line. Denarius..

Prou 904; Gariel LIX, 24 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 87. CNI IV, p. 470f, 1–10; Rousseau Coll., 369; Hamburger Jan. 1902, 3967; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 131; Cahn March 1926, 33; Cahn April 1929, 18; Cahn Feb. 1931, 13; Lockett Coll., 335, 336; Kress Oct. 1960, 1427. Paris: 1.49 gr.; Berlin: 0.88 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.77 gr.; ANS: 1.65 gr. (Plate XVIII); Blunt: 1.76 gr.; BM: (1908–10–11–6o6–Lincoln) 1.73 gr.; Copenhagen: 1.75 gr.; Grierson: 1.71 gr.; The Hague: 1.60 gr.; Hannover: (Inv. 1929.81 var.+HIOTIARIVSIMPAV) 1.80 gr.; Munich: 1.46 gr., 1.62 gr.; Papadopoli: (156) 1.60 gr., (155) 1.77 gr.; Stuttgart: (2V8304) 1.60 gr., (2V9673) 1.85 gr.; Vienna: 1.59 gr.

Find: Gower; Midlaren, 1.23 gr.; Wagenbogen, 1.55 gr.

557. Obv.: image Cross.

Rev.: PAPIA, in one line. Denarius.

Find: Wagenbogen, 0.85 gr., 0.90 gr.

MILAN

558. Obv.: +HLOTHARIVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: image, in one line. Denarius.

Prou 910; Gariel LIX, 21 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 88.

CNI V, pp. 9–11, 1–18; Rousseau Coll., 368; Bordeaux Coll., 381; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 129; Cahn March 1926, 32; Cahn Oct. 1929, 899; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1963, 342.

Paris: 1.45 gr.; Berlin: 1.49 gr., 1.56 gr. (Plate XVIII), 1.58 gr., and one copper forgery weighing 1.24 gr.; BM: (SSB–100–38) 1.52 gr.; Brussels: 1.68 gr.; Grierson: 1.42 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17637) 0.95 gr. (fragment); Munich: 1.60 gr.; Papadopoli: (157) 1.33 gr., (159) 1.40 gr., (158) 1.57 gr.; Vienna: (var. image) 1.57 gr.

Find: Wagenbogen; 0.95 gr., Pilligerheck, 1.56 gr.

TREVISO

559. Obv.: +HLOTIARIVSIRPAV. Cross.

Rev.: image, in one line. Denarius.

Gariel LX, 27 (Gariel Coll.).

CNI VI, p. 230, 1–6 (var.); Gariel Coll., 1326.

Berlin: 1.12 gr., 1.45 gr. (Plate XVIII).

VENICE

560. Obv.: image. Cross.

Rev.: image, in one line. Denarius.

Prou 921; Gariel LX, 28 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 89.

CNI VII, p. 6, 1–3; Gariel Coll., 1327; Meyer Coll., 470; Hamburger Jan. 1902,5358. Forged dies exist; cf. Grierson, ANSCent. Publ., p. 312, b. Paris: 1.66 gr.; Berlin: 1.42 gr.; BM: (62–10–1–1) 1.23 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17634) 1.55 gr.; Munich: 1.33 gr.

Indeterminate Mints

561. Obv.: image. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: CRRAIIN ICIVITAS. Temple. Denarius. Assen Museum: (M1870–7) 0.93 gr.

Find: Roswinkel.

562. Obv.: +HLVTHARIVSAGVS. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 1048; Gariel LIX, 5 (Brussels, var. +HLOTHARIVSACVS).

Paris: 2.18 gr. (mounted); Brussels: 1.82 gr. (Plate XVIII, slightly enlarged).

Find: "Frisia (1853);" Pilligerheck, 1.44 gr., 1.64 gr.

563. Obv.: LOTARIVSIMPAVGV. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev XPISTIANARILIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 1049 = Gariel LIX, 2, 3.

Bordeaux Coll., 378; Rosenberg Nov. 1904, 30; Rosenberg 1906, 10; Ratto Dec. 1930, 2506.

Paris: 1.45 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 89) 0.88 gr. (damaged).

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.41 gr. (var. LOTARIVSIMAV), 1.47 gr. (LOTAPIV-SIMPIAVGV).

564. Obv.: image. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 1050 = Gariel LIX, 4.

Paris: 1.58 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1228, degenerate) 1.17 gr.

565. Obv.: HLOTHARIVSIMPERAVG. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: XPISTIANAPELICIO. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel LIX, 6 (Gariel Coll.). Gariel Coll., 1311.

Berlin: 1.25 gr., 1.37 gr., 1.52 gr.

566. Obv.: HLOTHARIVSACS. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: XPISTIANAREIICIO. Temple. Denarius.

CNI V, p. 11, 19.

Papadopoli: (148) 1.53 gr.

Find: Hon, 1.67 gr.

567. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

CNI v, p. 15, 54.

Papadopoli: (153) 0.75 gr.

568. Obv.: HLOTHARIVSAC. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel LIX, 1 (Brussels), 2 (Brussels), 7 (Meyer Coll., var. with XPISTIANAPELICIO).

Brussels: 1.41 gr., 1.65 gr. (Plate XVIII, slightly enlarged).

Find: "Frisia (1853)."

569. Obv.: LOTARIVSRE+AGVSTVS. Bust, laureate and draped, to right.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELICIO. Temple. Denarius.

Musées royaux déArt et déHistoire (Parc du Cinquantenaire, Brussels): 2.53 gr. (mounted).

Find: Muizon-lez-Malines.

570. Obv.: +HLOTARIVSPIXACV. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

Brussels: 1.69 gr.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.55 gr. (var. +LOHARIVSPI+ACVS; +PISIIANARILICO).

571. Obv.: +LOTARIVSIMPERATORACVSTVS. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XRISTANAPELIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel LIX, 10 (Gariel Coll.).

CNI V, p. 14, 51

572. Obv.: +HLOTARIVSIMPERATOR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +PISTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Obolus.

Gariel LIX, 11 (Fabre Coll).

Berlin: 0.71 gr., 0.95 gr. (Plate XVIII).

573. Obv.: +LOTHARIVSIMPERATO. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELICIO. Temple. Denarius.

Find: Kimswerd-Pingjum I; Zelzate (and var. with +HLOTHARIVSIMPERATO); Pilligerheck, 1.52 gr. (+HLOTHARIVSIMPERATO).

574. Same as foregoing (with +HLOTARIVSIMPERATOR). Obolus.

CNI V, p. 15, 55.

Papadopoli: (154) 0.64 gr.

575. Obv.: +HLOTARIVSIMPER. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +PISTIANARELICIO. Temple. Denarius.

Assen Museum: (M1872–3oa) 1.43 gr.

Find: Emmen.

575a. Obv.: +IOTAHVSIMXAGVS. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIAHARELICIO. Temple. Denarius.

The Hague: (Inv. 17730) 0.95 gr.

576. Obv.: +HLVTARIVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.:. +PISTIANARELIC⊙ Temple. Denarius.

Assen Museum: (M1872–30C) 1.30 gr.

Find: Emmen; Aalsum( ?).

577. Obv.: +HLOTHARIVSIMPERAT. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTlANARELICIO. Temple. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.10 gr., 1.52 gr.

578. Obv.: +IOTAMVSIPNMRAT. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: D + PISTIANADIIIOI. Temple. Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.62 gr.

579. Obv.: +HLOTARIVSIMPERA. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

Brussels: (Inv. 92) 1.30 gr.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.10 gr., 1.47 gr., 1.50 gr.

580. Obv.: +LVTHARIVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELICO. Temple. Denarius.

CNI V, p. 11, 22.

Brussels: 1.54 gr., 1.46 gr. (var image); The Hague: (Inv. 17727) 1.40 gr.; Munich: 1.43 gr.

Find: Zelzate.

581. Obv.: +HLVTHARIVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

CNI V, p. 11, 21.

Assen Museum: (M1872–30G) 1.45 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17733) 0.75 gr.; Papadopoli: (149) 1.33 gr.

Find: Emmen; Wagenbogen.

582. Obv.: +LVTNVRIVSIMP. Cross, with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELICIO. Temple with one dot at each side of the roof cross. Denarius.

Prou 1054.

CNI V, pp. 11–14, 23–50; p. 456, 31a, 49a; Riechman April 1928, 628; Kricheldorf May 1956, 338; Hirsch June 1956, 996; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1957, 684, 1.74 gr.

Paris: 1.44 gr.; ANS: 1.50 gr. (PlateXVIII); AssenMuseum: (M1872–30h) 1.55 gr. (var. +IVTNVRIASVIMP, +RSTIANAERILCIO one dot at each side of the roof cross); Brussels: (Inv. 87) 1.47 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17731) 0.77 gr. (fragment), (609) 1.50 gr., (Inv. 17734) 0.45 gr. (broken); Papadopoli: (150) 1.47 gr., (151) 1.59 gr., (152) 1.65 gr.

Find: Wagenbogen; Emmen; Pilligerheck, 1.51 gr., 1.62 gr.

583. Obv.: +LVTHARIVSIIP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTINARELO. Temple with one dot at each side of the roof cross. Denarius.

Prou 1053; Gariel LIX, 9 (Gemain Coll.).

Cahn Dec. 1932., 1343 (var.).

Paris: 1.39 gr.; Berlin: 1.26 gr., 1.43 gr., 1.51 gr., 1.55 gr.; ANS: 1.63 gr.; Brussels: 1.54 gr., (Inv. 90) 1.53 gr., (Inv. 91) 1.56 gr., (Inv. 38) 1.59 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17735) 1.15 gr.

Find: Groningen (1890); Wagenbogen.

584. Obv.: +HLVTHARIVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

CNIV, p. 11, 21.

Papadopoli: (149) 1.33 gr.

585. Obv.: +HLOTARIVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 1051, 1052; Gariel LIX, 8 (Fabre Coll); BMS 90.

CNI V, p. 11, 20; p. 14, 53; p. 455, 9a; Rousseau Coll., 435.

Paris: 1.39 gr., 1.23 gr.; Berlin: 1.37 gr.; Assen Museum: (M1872–30c) 1.14 gr. (XPISTAIIARELCIO), (M1872–3ob) 1.44 gr.. (+IHOTARIVSIMP); ANS: 1.43 gr.; BM: (56–7–5–4) 1.36 gr.; Brussels: 1.62 gr.; Groningen Museum: (577); The Hague: (Inv. 17729) 0.85 gr., (Inv. 17728) 0.90 gr., (+HLOTARIVSIMR), (Inv. 1931:291) 1.35 gr., (Inv. 1931:290) 1.45 gr. (+HLVTHARIVSIMP; +RISTIANAP) (Plate XVIII).

Find: Neuvi-au-Houlme; Oudwoude; Kimswerd-Pingjum I (var.); Zelzate; Pilligerheck, 1.32 gr., 1.47 gr., 1.51 gr., 1.52 gr., 1.52 gr., 1.63 gr.; Emmen; Wagenbogen.

586. Obv.: image Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: image. Temple with one dot beneath. Denarius.

BMS 91.

Cf. CNI V, p. 14, 52. BM: (SSB–127–90) 1.12 gr.

587. Obv.: +IOTHAPIVSPI. Cross with one dot in each of three corners and a circlet in the fourth.

Rev.: +PISTIANARIIICIO. Temple. Denarius.

BMS 92.

CNI V, p. 14, 52. BM: (57–9–1–24) 1.72 gr.

588. Obv.: image. Cross with one dot in each coner.

Rev.: XPISTIANAPELICIO. Temple. Denarius.

Brussels: 1.20 gr. (trimmed); The Hague: (Inv. 17731) 1.45 gr. (var. +HLOTARIVSACV, broken).

Find: Zelzate; Wagenbogen.

589. Obv.: +LOTAPIVSACN. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELICIO. Temple. Denarius.

Find: Thouars.

590. Obv.: +IOTAHVSIMXACVS. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIAHAIHICIO. Temple. Denarius.

Assen Museum: (M1870–3/5) 1.81 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17730) 0.95 gr.

Find: Kimswerd-Pingjum I (var.); Wagenbogen; Roswinkel (var.), 1.76 gr.

591. Obv.: +IOHARIVSMAHPI. Cross, with one dot in each of three corners and a circle in the fourth.

Rev.: XPISTIANARIIICIO. Temple. Denarius.

The Hague: (Inv. 17732) 0.65 gr. (damaged).

Find: Wagenbogen.

592. Obv.: +HLOTARIVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple, with three dots beneath. Denarius.

Assen Museum: (M1872–30) 1.37 gr. (var. image image); The Hague: (Inv. 17657) 1.00 gr.

Find: Aalsum; Rijs; Wagenbogen.

592a. Obv.: image Cross.

Rev.: image Cross. Obolus.

BMS 93.

BM: (1956–4–8–40-Lockett) 0.76 gr.

The following entry is a putative reconstruction.

593. Obv.: +DNLOTARIVSIMPERAVG. Bust, laureate and draped, to left.

Rev.: VITAETVICTORIA. Warrior standing or walking to left, holding a lance to left and a shield to right. Ꜹ Medallion. Engel and Serrure, I, p. 330; Morrison, Speculum 1961, p. 592 ff., wt., ca. 4 gr.

Berlin: (Plate XIX).

LOUIS THE GERMAN (840–876)

East Francia

MAINZ

594. Obv.: Monogram of Ludovicus.

Rev.: +MOGONTIA. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 35; Gariel LXI, 10 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1334; Rosenberg Oct. 1933, 7.

Paris: 1.12 gr.; Berlin: 1.05 gr., 1.43 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.62 gr. (Plate XIX);

Munich: 1.67 gr.; Vienna: 1.23 gr.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.44 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.60 gr.; Ostro.

Indeterminate Mints

595. Obv.: +HIVDOVVIC-SPIVP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +DИAASИVVNOVA. Temple. Denarius.

Brussels: 1.68 gr.

596. Obv.: +LVDOVVICVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: HADTV/RECVM. Denarius.

Prou 971; Gariel LXIV, 7.

Paris: 1.52 gr. (Plate XIX).

Find: Odoorn.

PIPPIN I (814–838) or PIPPIN II (839–852) OF AQUITAINE

Aquitaine

AQUITAINE

597. Obv.: +PIPPIИVSREX. Bust, to right.

Rev.: AQVITAИIORVM. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 665; Gariel XX, 6 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 370; Gariel Coll., 792; Meyer Coll., 321.

Paris: 1.69 gr.; Berlin: 1.67 gr. (Plate XIX); Brussels: 2.78 gr. (mounted); Grierson: 1.71 gr.; The Hague: (604) 1.00 gr. (var.+PIPPINNVSRE+)

Find: "Frisia (1853)," 1.67 gr.; Zelzate, 1.31 gr.; Hon.

598. Obv.: +PIPINVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: AQVI/•/TAINA. Obolus.

Prou 664; Gariel XX, 3 (Gariel Coll.). Rousseau Coll., 372, 375; Lockett Coll., 337; Kricheldorf Nov. 1960, 314.

Paris: 0.71 gr.; Brussels: 0.67 gr.; Vienna: 0.67 gr.

Find: Fontaines; Lauzés, 0.63 gr.

599. Obv.: +PIPINVSREXEQ. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: AQVITANIORVM. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel XX, 4 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 371; Gariel Coll., 790; Kricheldorf Nov. 1960, 315.

Berlin: 1.33 gr. (Plate XIX); The Hague: (Inv. 17599) 0.75 gr. (fragment).

Find: Wagenbogen; Pilligerheck, 1.21 gr. (var. + PIPPINVSREX;XAQVITANIORVM), 1.45 gr.

600. Obv.: +PIPPINVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: EQVI/TANI/ORVM. Obolus.

Prou 666, 667; Gariel XX, 5 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 791.

Paris: 0.64 gr., 0.55 gr.; Berlin: 0.68 gr. (Plate XX); ANS: 0.63 gr.

601. Obv.: +PIPPINVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: AQVI/TANIA. Obolus.

Prou 659, 660 (var. with AQVI/TAИIA); Gariel XX, 1 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 94, 95. Cahn Dec. 1932, 1272, 1299, 1.80 gr.; Riechman Nov. 1934, 324.

Paris: 0.84 gr., 0.77 gr.; Berlin: 0.61 gr., 0.71 gr., 0.73 gr., 0.85 gr., 0.90 gr.; ANS: 0.69 gr.; Assen Museum: (M1870–6) 0.59 gr.; Blunt: 0.86 gr.; BM: (SSB–135–96) 0.92 gr., (SSB–135-99) 0.78 gr.; Munich: 0.66 gr.

Find: Brioux; Roswinkel, 0.60 gr.; Zelzate, 0.69 gr., 0.69 gr., 0.83 gr., and two additional exemplars, unweighed; Muizon-lez-Malines, 0.64 gr., 0.78 gr.

602. Obv.: image Cross.

Rev.: AQVI/TANIA• Obolus.

Prou 661; Gariel XX, 2.

Paris:0.65 gr.; Grierson: 0.83 gr., 0.59 gr.; The Hague: (605) 0.50 gr.

Find: Muizon-lez-Malines, 0.68 gr., 0.76 gr.

603. Obv.: image Cross.

Rev.: AQVI/TAIIIA. Obolus.

Prou 662.

Paris: 0.65 gr.

604. Obv.: +PIPPIИVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: AQVI/TAIIIA. Obolus.

Prou 663.

Seaby Pricelist Oct. 1965, E 192.

Paris: 0.57 gr.; ANS: 0.77 gr.

POITIERS

605. Obv.: +PIPINVSREXEQ. Cross.

Rev.: +PECTAVO. Pippinus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 677 = Gariel XX, 12.

Paris: 1.70 gr.; ANS: 1.78 gr. (Plate XIX).

Find: Kettilstorp.

605a. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Seabyés Coin & Medal Bulletin, Sept. 1965, E194.

ANS: 0.77 gr.

MELLE

606. Obv.: +PIPINVSREXEQ. Cross.

Rev.: +METVLLO. Pippinus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 689, 690; Gariel XXXVII, 2, 3, (Gariel Coll); BMS 96.

Rousseau Coll., 376; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1302; Lockett Coll., 338; Kricheldorf Nov. 1960, 316; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1964, 13.

Paris: 1.73 gr., 1.62 gr.; Berlin: 1.63 gr., 1.66 gr. (Plate XIX); ANS: 1.69 gr.; Blunt: 1.44 gr.; BM: (72–5–1–1–Shearman) 1.65 gr.; Grierson:: 1.72 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17607) 1.60 gr.; Hermitage: 1.41 gr.

Find: Brioux, 1.70 gr.; Mullaghboden; Dorking; Kettilstorp; Schowen.

607. Obv,: +PIPPINVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +METVLLO. Pippinus monogram. Denarius.

Find: Brioux, 1.68 gr.

608. Obv.: Pippinus Rex monogram.

Rev.: +METVLLO. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 691; Gariel XXXVII, 4 (Gariel Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 323; Schulman 1931, 137; Kricheldorf Nov. 1960, 317.

Paris: 0.84 gr.; Berlin: 0.67 gr. (Plate XIX); ANS: 0.83 gr.; Vienna: 0.75 gr.

Find: Brioux.

BOURGES

609. Obv.: +PIPINVSRE. Bust to right.

Rev.: BITV/RICES. Denarius. Gariel XXXVII, 1 (Gariel Coll.). Gariel Coll., 1070.

Berlin: 1.50 gr. (Plate XIX), 1.56 gr. (PIPINVSREXE) (Plate XIX).

Find: "Frisia (1853)," 1.50 gr.; Lauzés, 1.52 gr.

610. Obv.: +PIIVSIAS. Bust to right.

Rev.: BITV/•/RICES. Denarius.

Prou 735.

Paris: 1.22 gr.

LIMOGES

611. Obv.: +PIPINVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: + /LIMO/:/DICAS. Obolus.

Gariel XX, 11 (Fabre Coll).

Berlin: 0.78 gr. (Plate XX).

612. Obv.: +HPIPINVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +LIMOVIX. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 775 = Gariel XX, 9.

Paris: 1.42 gr.

613. Obv.: +PIPINVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +LIMODICAS. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 776; Gariel XX, 10 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 794.

Paris: 0.92 gr., Berlin: 0.78 gr. (Plate XX).

Gascony

DAX

614. Obv.: +PIPINVSREXEQ. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: AQVISVRBI. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel XX, 7 (Veuillin find).

Berlin: 1.53 gr. (Plate XX); Museé Frison (A589) 1.37 gr.

Find: Kimswerd-Pingjum II; Pilligerheck, 1.55 gr., 1.42 gr. (var. image image); Ide, 1.57 gr.

615. Same as foregoing, but with AQVISVRDI. Obolus.

Gariel XX, 8 (Gariel Coll.). Gariel Coll., 793.

Berlin: 0.72 gr.

Toulousain

TOULOUSE

616. Obv.: +PIPINVSREXE. Cross.

Rev.: +TOLOSACIVI Pippinus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 807. Hamburger Nov. 1912, 88; Schulman 1931, 138; Lockett Coll., 339.

Paris: 1.52 gr. (Plate XX)

Find: Brioux (?); Pilligerheck.

617. Obv.: +PIPPINVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: image. Pippinus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 808; Gariel XXXVII, 5 (Gariel Coll.).

Kricheldorf Nov. 1960, 318.

Paris: 1.58 gr. (Plate XX); Berlin: 1.54 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.55 gr., (Plate XX); ANS: 1.67 gr.; Brussels: 1.28 gr. (var.).

Find: Auzeville.

618. Obv.: +PIPPINVSREXF. Cross.

Rev.: +TOLOSACIVI. Pippinus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 809, 810, 811, 812; Gariel XXXVII, 6 (Gariel Coll.), 7, (Gariel Coll., var. +PIPPINVSREXE).

Paris: 1.61 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.46 gr., 1.36 gr.; Berlin: 1.48 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.54 gr. (Plate XX, two specimens); ANS: 1.50 gr. (PIPPHVSERX), 1.54 gr.; Brussels: 1.34 gr. (var. +PIPPINVSREXFR), 1.39 gr. (var.), 1.47 gr. (var. +PIPPINVSREXC); Garrett: (6130) 1.63 gr.; Grierson: 1.63 gr.; Holmes: 1.51 gr.

Find: Auzeville.

619. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel XXXVII, 8 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1080; Meyer Coll., 325; Bordeaux Coll., 243.

Berlin: 0.66 gr. (Plate XX).

Find: Auzeville.

Indeterminate Mints

620.Obv.: +PIPINVSREXEQ. Cross.

Rev.: CATV/RICIS. Obolus.

Find: Lauzés, 0.63 gr.

621. Obv.: +PIPINVSREXEQ. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 1056; Gariel XX, 13 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 365; Gariel Coll., 795, 1333; Bordeaux Coll., 238; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1349.

Paris: 1.78 gr.; Berlin: 1.29 gr., 1.36 gr., 1.41 gr. (Plate XX); The Hague: (604) 1.00 gr. (var. PIPPINVSREX).

Find: Indre; Neuvi-au-Houlme; Fontaines; Achlum; Lauzès, 1.73 gr.; Pilligerheck, 1.70 gr., 1.71 gr.

CHARLES THE BALD (843–877)

PALACE

622. Obv.: +CAROLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +RALATINAMONE. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 16, 17, 18, 19.

Cf. Rousseau Coll., 363 (copper forgery); Cahn Sept. 1932, 1301; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1281.

Paris: 1.73 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.62 gr., 1.68 gr.; ANS: 1.77 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 96, var. +RALATIHAHOHEA) 1.70 gr., (Inv. 95, var.) 1.80 gr.

Find: Bourgneuf; Etampes (+PALATINEMOE); Nourray; "ANS Find."

623. Obv.: +CAROLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +PALATINAMOIEAT. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XLII, 50 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 467; Gariel Coll., 1145; Bordeaux Coll., 314; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 94.

Berlin: 1.62 gr., 1.69 gr.

Find: Glizy.

624. Obv.: +CAROLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +PALATINAMOHEAT. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XLII, 51 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1146; Schulman 1931, 149; Lockett Coll., 358.

Berlin: 1.45 gr.; ANS: 1.53 gr., 1.70 gr.

Find: Courbanton III; Glizy; "ANS Find."

625. Obv.: +CAROLVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +PALATINAMONETA. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 12 = Gariel LI, 53; Prou 13, 14.

Meyer Coll., 352.

Paris: 1.67 gr., 1.52 gr., 1.57 gr.; Berlin: 1.64 gr., 1.62 gr. (Plate XXI); ANS: 1.65 gr.; Grierson: 1.58 gr.

Find: Compiègne (?); Glizy.

626. Obv.: +CAROLVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +PALATIIIAMONET. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 15.

Paris: 1.55 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XXI); Brussels: 1.58 gr.; Hermitage: 1.59 gr.

627. Obv.: +CARLVPACIARE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +P -ATNI ‘AimageIONE. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LI, 52 (Gariel Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 351.

628. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PALATINAMONETA. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXI, 168 ("tous les collections"); BMS 97.

BM: (1945–5–7–330–Morgan [Evans]) 1.60 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 928 var. +PALATINAMONETTO) 0.87 gr.

Find: Chalon-sur-Saône (1893); Compiègne (?); Glizy.

629.Obv.: +C•RATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PALATINAMONE. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 20; GarielXXXII, 169 (GarielColl.), 170 (var.+PALAT•INAMONE. No location).

Rousseau Coll., 398; Kress Oct. 1960, 1464; Blaser-Frey June 1963, 18. Paris: 1.55 gr.; Berlin: 1.66 gr., 1.79 gr.; ANS: 1.64 gr., 1.49 gr., 1.45 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.62 gr., 1.64 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.69 gr., 1.69 gr., 1.71 gr., 1.71 gr., 1.73 gr.; Blunt: 1.57 gr.; Brussels: 1.59 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 136) 1.68 gr. (Plate XXI); Hermitage: 1.46 gr.

Find: Etampes; Courbanton III; "ANS Find."

630. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel XXXII, 175 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 990; Meyer Coll., 281.

Berlin: 0.74 gr.; ANS: 0.87 gr.

Find: Bourgneuf; Etampes; Glizy; "ANS Find."

631. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PALATINAMONET. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 21.

Paris: 1.55 gr.; ANS: 1.72 gr. (Plate XXI); Brussels: (Inv. 97) 1.57 gr.; Grierson: 1.71 gr.; Stuttgart: (2v8500) 1.63 gr.

Find: Bligny; Glizy.

632. Obv.: +C •RATIAD –IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PALATINAMONE. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 22.

Paris: 1.77 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 99) 1.65 gr., (Inv. 98 var.) 1.71 gr.; Copenhagèn: (K. P. 724) 1.74 gr. (Plate XXI); Vienna : 1.70 gr.

633. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PALATINAMOimage .Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXII, 171, 172 (no locations).

Gariel Coll., 982–989; Hess,Lucerne July 1933, 92.

Berlin: 1.56 gr., 1.76 gr.; ANS: 1.46 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.71 gr., 1.72 gr., 1–47 gr. (var.+PALATINVMONE).

Find: Arras; "ANS Find."

634. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +RALATINAMOimage . Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXII, 173 (no location).

Berlin: 1.64 gr.

Find: Glizy.

635. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. (retrograde). Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PALATINANOME. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 24.

Cahn Oct. 1929, 906.

Paris: 1.71 gr.; Hannover: (Inv. 1929.289 var., obv. inscription not retrograde) 1.84 gr.; ANS: 1.65 gr. (obv. not retrograde; rev. MONE), 1.70 gr. (PALATINAMOIE), 1.71 gr. (CRTIA).

Find: "ANS Find."

636. Obv.: +GRATIAO-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PAL'ATIN'AMION. Cross. Denarius.

Brussels: (Inv. 100) 1.26 gr.; ANS: 1.45 gr. (PALATINAMON).

Find: "ANS Find."

637. Obv.: X6RATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: XPALATINAMimageT. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 25.

Paris: 1.58 gr. (Plate XXI).

638. Obv.: +DAimageADIRimageX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PA-|ATHAMON. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXXII, 176 (Fabre Coll.).

639. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREI. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PALATINAMO. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 23.

Paris: 0.56 gr. (Plate XXI).

Lorraine

AACHEN

640. Obv.: +GRACI AD – IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+AQVISCRANIRAE. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XL, 4 (Cabinet de France, but not in Prou).

641. Obv.: +CRACIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AQVISGRANIPAL. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXV, 1 (Cabinet de France, but not in Prou).

Find: Nourray.

DORESTADT

642. Obv.: Karolus monogram.

Rev.: DORESTADO. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel VII, 52 (Brussels).

Stephanik Coll., 142.

Brussels: 0.50 gr.; Van Rede : (B1211b) 0.48 gr.

643. Obv.:+CARLVimageREXETLANETR. Bust to right.

Rev.: +VICOimage VRIimageTAT. Cross with two concentric circles at point of intersection, one circle at the end of each arm, and one dot above each end of the cross. Ꜹ.

BMS 98.

W. Hävernick, "Die Anfänge der karolingischen Goldprägung in Nord-westeuropa," Hamburger Beitrage zur Numismatik, II (1952/4), pp. 55–60. (The authenticity of this extraordinary piece, and of the similar piece in the Berlin cabinet, has been very strongly questioned by P. Grierson, "Zum Ursprung der karolingischen Goldpäagung in Nordwest-Europa," Hamburger Beitrage zur Numismatik, 8 [1954], PP. 199–206, who doubts that it was an issue of Charlemagne, as Havernick argued, or indeed that it was an official issue at all. The inscriptions and epigraphy seem more compatible with the age of Charles the Bald than with that of his grandfather, and accordingly we have attributed it provisionally to the later period without wishing to affirm its official character.)

BM: 3.91 gr.; Berlin: (Bust to left, Plate XXI).

MAASTRICHT

644. Obv.:+CRATIAD-IPIX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +INPORTORRIITO. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXX, 139 (Brussels).

Brussels: 0.78 gr.

645. Obv.:+CRATIAD-IRE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TRimage imageETTORimageN. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 89 = Gariel XXX, 135.

Paris: 1.74 gr.

646. Obv.: +GRACIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TRIIETTENSEMI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXX, 137 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 964.

Berlin: 1.46 gr. (Plate XXI).

Find: Glizy.

647. Obv.: +CRACIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TRIGETENSEMON. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXX, 138 (Brussels).

Brussels: 1.70 gr.

648. Obv.: +CRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TRIIETOMimageNETA. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 88 = Gariel XXX, 136.

Paris: 1.74 gr.; Brussels: (var. +TRIIEimageOMONETA) 1.23 gr.

DIN ANT

649. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +INVICODEONANT. Cross. Denarius.

Brussels: 1.59 gr.

650. Obv.: +GRAIOADIR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: N△I.. .DEONTIIII. Cross. Denarius.

Find: Arras.

651. Obv.: +CRATIAOD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+ENVICODEONIT. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXIX, 102 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 937; Meyer Coll., 255.

Théry Coll., 448.

Berlin: 1.32 gr., 1.53 gr.; ANS: 1.66 gr. (Plate XXI); Brussels: 1.65 gr., 1.66 gr. (var. +INVICODEOMTE).

Find: Compiègne (?); Glizy.

652. Obv.: +XCRACIODTIR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +INimageICODEONINII. Cross with one dot in one corner.

Denarius.

Gariel XL, 5 (Musée de Namur).

Florange Sept. 1958, 497; Florange Sept. 1959, 478.

653. Obv.: +XCRACIODTIR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: INVICODEONINV. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Gariel XL, 6 (RBN 1852, p. 139, pl. Ill, 4).

Brussels: 1.48 gr. (var., damaged).

654. Obv.: +CDA+I... ADDE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +NOVICODEONI+II. Cross with one dot in one corner. Obolus,

Prou 97 = Gariel L, 27.

Paris: 0.77 gr. (Plate XXI).

HUY

655. Obv.: +CDATIADIDEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +XINVICOHOIO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 98; Gariel XXIX, 117 (GarielColl.); RBN 1851, p. 99ft., pl. VIII, 2.

Gariel Coll., 948.

Paris: 1.74 gr.; Berlin: 1.58 gr.; ANS: 1.65 gr. (Plate XXI); Brussels: 1.65 gr.

Find: Glizy.

656. Obv.: +CRTIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +XHVICOHOIO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel L, 29 (Brussels, but not seen at Brussels).

NAMUR

657. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +INVICOHAMVCO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 101 = Gariel XXXI, 154.

Paris: 1.84 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 108) 1.55 gr. (Plate XXI, slightly enlarged.

658. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +NVICONAMVCO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXI, 155 (Glizy find).

Brussels: 1.52 gr.

Find: Compiègne (?); Glizy.

NIVELLE

659. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +NIVIELIAVICVS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXI, 162 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 407; Gariel Coll., 977.

Berlin: 1.66 gr.; ANS: 1.68 gr. (Plate XXII).

Find: Glizy.

660. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +NIVIALLAVICVV. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXI, 163 (Brussels).

Brussels: 1.37 gr.

Find: Glizy.

661. Obv.: +CRATIAD-|I REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +NIVIELLAVICV. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 104.

Théry Coll., 466.

Paris: 1.56 gr.; Brussels: 1.62 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 366) 1.30 gr. Find: Laxfield.

CHIÈVRES

662. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CERVIAMONETA, Cross. Denarius.

Prou 105 = Gariel XXVIII, 86.

Paris: 1.74 gr. (Plate XXII).

ESTINNES

663. Obv.:+CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +LEPTINASFISCO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 107 = Gariel XXX, 131.

Paris: 1.64 gr. (Plate XXII); Stock of M. Salton-Schlessinger: 1.45 gr.

MAUBEUGE

664. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +MELBODIOM –T. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 108, 109 (var.) = Gariel XXX, 141.

Paris: 1.90 gr., 1.94 gr. (Plate XXII).

BAVAI

665. Obv.: CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: bAVACIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou no, HI = Gariel XXVII, 50.

Paris: 1.60 gr., z.70.gr. (PlateXXII); ANS: 1.51 gr, (BAVACACIVITAS).

Find: "ANS Find."

CONDÈ-SUR-L'ESCAUT

666. Obv.: +CRATIADimagelREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CONATOMONETA. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 113 = Gariel XXVIII, 90.

Paris: 1.77 gr.

667. Obv.: +CRATIAimage-IREX (retrograde).Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CONDATOMOETA (retrograde). Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXVIII, 91 (Brussels).

Brussels: 0.74 gr. (Plate XXII, slightly enlarged).

668. Obv.: +CRATIADimageIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CONDATOMONE. Cross. Denarius.

Find: Glizy.

CAMBRAI

669. Obv.: +GRACIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: CAMARACVSCIVIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 116, 117; Gariel XXVII, 59 (Gariel Coll.).

Hess 1905, 35; Schulman 1931, 115; Kress Oct. 1960, 1435 a; Blaser-Frey June 1963, 10.

Paris: 1.77 gr., 1.74 gr.; Berlin: 1.61 gr. (Plate XXII); ANS: 1.63 gr., 1.44 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 104) 1.71 gr., 1.82 gr.

Find: Courbanton III; "ANS Find."

670. Obv.: +GRACIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CAMARACV'S'CV'S. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXVII, 60 (Glizy find).

Berlin: 1.66 gr.

Find: Glizy.

671. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CAMARACVSCIVI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 119; BMS 99.

Théry Coll. 437.

Paris: 1.70 gr.; ANS: 1.44 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.60 gr. (CIVIS);BM: (38–7–10–1166–Cuerdale, damaged) 1.46 gr.

Find: Etampes; Cuerdale; "ANS Find."

672. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CAMARACVSCIV. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 120; Gariel XXVII, 61 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 100.

Gariel Coll., 911; Meyer Coll., 243; Lockett Coll., 3351 (three pieces).

Paris: 0.60 gr.; Berlin: 0.70 gr.; ANS: 0.70 gr., 0.71 gr. (Plate XXII); BM: (1956–4–8–39–Lockett) 0.66 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 928) 0.65 gr.

Find: Bligny; "ANS Find."

673. Obv.: CRACIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CAMARACVSCI. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 118.

Théry Coll., 439.

Paris: 0.71 gr.

674. Obv.: +CRATIAD –IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CAMARACVSCI. Cross with one triangle in one corner.

Obolus.

Prou 121 = Gariel XXVII, 62.

Paris: 0.74 gr.; Brussels: 0.57 gr.

ST-GÈRY (CAMBRAl)

675. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: ϩCIGAVGERICIMO. Cross. Denariuss.

Prou 123; Gariel XXXIV, 226 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1021; Meyer Coll., 299; Théry Coll., 482.

Paris: 1.75 gr.; ANS: 1.61 gr.

Find: Etampes; Glizy.

676. Obv.: +GRACIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: SCIGAVGERICIMO• Cross. Denarius.

Prou 124.

Paris: 1.64 gr.; Berlin: 1.63 gr. (Plate XXII); ANS: 1.63 gr. (CIMON).

Find: "ANS Find."

677. Obv.: +RACIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+SCIGAVGERICIM. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 122 = Gariel XXXIV, 227.

Paris: 0.74 gr.

HAM

678. Obv.: +CRA... IAD-IEREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +HAMOCASTEIIO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXIX, 116 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 395bis; Gariel Coll., 947; Meyer Coll., 260.

Berlin: 1.03 gr.

679. Obv.: +CRATIA-DIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +HA-MOMOIIEIA. Cross. Denarius.

Berlin: 1.34 gr. (Plate XXII); ANS: 1.62 gr. (+NA-MOMOIIEIA, retrograde).

Find: "ANS Find."

TOUL

680. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TVLLOCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXV, 261 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1045.

Berlin: 1.47 gr.

Find: Courbanton III.

681. Obv.: +CRATIADEIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TIVIIOCIVITAV. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXV, 262 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1046; Meyer Coll., 311.

682. Obv.: +C.. .ATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TVLLOCIVITAS. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXXV, 263 (Gariel Coll.), 264 (Gariel Coll., var.).

Gariel Coll., 1047, 1048.

Berlin: 0.42 gr., 0.57 gr. (Plate XXII).

VERDUN

683. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IRE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VIRDVNCIVITAS. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Prou 151, 152.

Paris: 1.52 gr., 1.35 gr.; ANS: 1.37 gr. (Plate XXII).

Find: Bligny.

684. Obv.:+CRATIADIIE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VIRDVNCIVIT△S Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Gariel XXXVI, 282 (d'Estissac Coll.).

685. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VRIDVNVMCIVI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 150; Gariel XXXVI, 283 (Robert, pl. XIV, 2).

Paris: 1.72 gr.

686. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VIRIDVNICIVIS. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Berlin: 1.51 gr.

687. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VIRDVNCIVI. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Find: Bligny.

688. Obv.: +CACIADIRE+ . Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VRDVNICIVIV. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Prou 153.

Paris: 1.68 gr. (Plate XXII).

Find: Bourgneuf.

689. Obv.: +CIATIADIRE+ . Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VIRIDVNVMCIVI. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Gariel LII, 86 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.59 gr.

689a. Obv.:+CRATIAD-R. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CAROVSVER. Cross. Denarius.

ANS: 1.53 gr.

Find: "ANS Find."

MOUZON

690. Obv.: +CRATIAD-PimageX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +MOSOMOMOTA• Cross. Denarius.

Prou 167.

Théry Coll., 465.

Paris: 1.62 gr. (Plate XXII).

691. Obv.: +CRA•TIA•DimageIREX . Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+MVSOMOMOMTA . Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXI, 150 (report of Maxe-Werly).

Find: Etampes.

692. Obv.: +CRATIAD-RX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +MOSOMOMONIT. Cross. Denarius

Gariel XXXI, 152 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 970, 971 (var., MOSOMOMONE.);Meyer Coll., 274.

Berlin: 1.61 gr. (Plate XXIII).

693. Obv.: +CRATIAD-REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +MOSOMOMON. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 168 = Gariel XXXI, 153.

Paris: 1.36 gr.; Berlin: 1.40 gr. (Plate XXIII).

Find: Bonnevaux.

694. Obv.: +CRATIAD-RX:. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +IIOSOIIOIIOIMT:. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 169.

Paris: 1.56 gr.

695. Obv.:+CRATIAD-RIX:. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +MOSOMOMOTA•:. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 170 = Gariel XXXI, 151.

Paris: 1.68 gr.; ANS: 1.74 gr. (BRlVCASMON and GRATIA); Brussels: 1.21 gr. (var. +MOSOMOMONE), 1.41 gr. (var. +CRATIAD-IREX).

Find: Zelzate, 1.52 gr.; Bourgneuf; Compiègne (?); Chalon-sur-Saône (1893); Glizy; "ANS Find."

696. Obv.: +CRATIAD-RX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +MOSOMOMOM –MT. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 171.

Paris: 1.54 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. p. 156) 1.75 gr.

Francia

ARDENBURG (?)

697. Obv.:+CRATID-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ROTANISCiVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 172.

Paris: 1.64 gr. (Plate XXIII).

BRUGES

698. Obv.: +6RIATIAimageIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +BRV66AimageMON. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 173; Gariel XXVII, 55 (Glizy find).

Blaser-Frey June 1963, 9 (+BRVimageVMOVT).

Paris: 1.86 gr. (Plate XXIII); Berlin: 1.61 gr.; ANS: 1.67 gr. (Blaser-Frey specimen), 1.74 gr. (GRACIAD-IREX; BRIVCCASMON), 1.80 gr. (CRTIAD-MREX; BRVIICSVAIAS); Grierson: 1.81 gr. (var.).

Find: Zelzate; Glizy.

699. Obv.: +CPATAimage-PEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +BPVCCIAMO. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Prou 174; BMS 101, 102.

Rousseau Coll., 544ter.; Gariel Coll., 906, 907, 908; Schulman June 1939> 479; Th6éy Coll., 535; Münz. u. Med. Nov. 1964, 23.

Paris: 1.80 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XXIII); ANS: 1.80 gr.; BM: (38–7–10–1164–Cuerdale) 1.70 gr. (38–7–10–1165–Cuerdale) 1.74 gr.; Brussels: 1.55 gr. (damaged), 1.63 gr., 1.66 gr., 1.69 gr., (Inv. 139bis) 1.73 gr., (Inv. 139) 1.80 gr., 1.85 gr.; The Hague: (633) 1.60 gr., (Inv. 17562) 1.70 gr., (Inv. 17561) 1.80 gr.; Hermitage: 1.59 gr.; Munich: 1.77 gr.; Oslo: 1.71 gr.; Vienna : 1.75 gr.

Find: Assebrouck; Cuerdale; Kulhusgården.

700. Obv.: +CIIimageATIAimage-IPEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +BPVCCIAMO. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Gariel XLIX, 7 (Gariel Coll.).

Cahn June 1903, 10; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 106; Riechman Nov. 1924, 36; Kress Oct. 1960, 1508.

Berlin: 1.75 gr. (var., a wedge in each corner of the rev. cross).

701. Obv.: +CCARTADEIRX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +RRVCCIVIMONT. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Copenhagen: 1.05 gr.

GHENT

702. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +GANDAVVMMONE. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 175 = Gariel XXIX, no.

Paris: 1.66 gr.

703. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CANAVVMMMO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXIX, in (Vernier Coll.).

Brussels: 1.60 gr.

704. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +GANDAVVM. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 176; Gariel XXIX, 112 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 944; Meyer Coll., 258.

Paris: 1.81 gr.; Berlin: 1.61 gr. (Plate XXIII); Brussels: (Inv. 106) 1.57 gr., 1.80 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 848) 1.61 gr.; The Hague: (630) 1.01 gr. (damaged).

Find: Zelzate, 1.70 gr., 1.75 gr.; Bourgneuf; Compiègne; Glizy.

705. Obv.: +CRATADREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +GVVDAimageAM. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 177; Gariel XXIX, 113 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 945.

Berlin: 1.47 gr. (Plate XXIII).

Find: Glizy.

706. Obv.:+CARLVSCRACIAimageERE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CIINDAVVM. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XL, 8 (stock of Van Peteghem).

Meyer Coll., 348.

Brussels: 1.78 gr. (Plate XXIII, slightly enlarged).

CASSEL

707. Obv.: +CRA•TIADIDEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CASSEL•LOAV. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 178 = Gariel XXVII, 63.

Paris: 1.62 gr. (Plate XXIII).

708. Obv.: +CRATIADIRE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CASSELLOMON. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Gariel XXVII, 64 (Glizy find).

Find: Glizy.

COURTRAI

709. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CVRTRIACO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 179 = Gariel XXVIII, 92.

Paris: 1.55 gr. (Plate XXIII).

710. Obv.: +CRACIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CVRTRIACOCIVIS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXVIII, 93 (Vernier Coll.).

THÉROUANNE

711. Obv.: +GRATIAD-AREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TARVENNACI+. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 181 = Gariel XXXV, 253.

Théry Coll., 490.

Paris: 1.61 gr.; ANS: 1.72 gr.

712. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TA‘RVEN N AC I V'T. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 180; Gariel XXXV, 252 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1039; Meyer Coll., 307.

Paris: 1.62 gr.; Berlin: 1.79 gr. (Plate XXIII); Brussels: (Inv. 119) 1.67 gr.

Find: Zelzate; Nourray; Compiégne; Bonnevaux?

713. Obv.: +CRATIAD-REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TARVENNACIVT. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Prou 182.

Paris: 1.65 gr. (Plate XXIII); Hermitage: 1.53 gr.

Find: Courbanton III.

714. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TARVENNACIV. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Prou 183 = Gariel XXXV, 254.

Meyer Coll., 308.

Paris: 1.89 gr. (Plate XXIII).

Find: Glizy.

QUENTOVIC

715. Obv.: +CARLVSREX. Cross with one dot in each of three corners and three dots triangularly arranged in the fourth.

Rev.: QVENTVVICVS. Temple, with one dot at each side and three dots triangularly arranged beneath. Denarius.

Prou 190 = Gariel XXI, 13, 14 (While Gariel mentioned two pieces of this type in the Paris cabinet, Prou listed only one).

Meyer Coll., 200; Bordeaux Coll., 282; Deglatigny Coll., 271; Théry Coll., 471.

Paris: 1.76 gr.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.46 gr.

716. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +QWENTOVVICI. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Prou 191–194; Gariel XXXII, 187–189; BMS 103, 104.

Rousseau Coll., 439; Kress Oct. 1960, 1472; Bordeaux Coll., 388; Blaser-Frey June 1963, 21.

Paris: 1.76 gr., 1.82 gr., 1.76 gr., 1.76 gr.; Berlin: 1.44 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.77 gr. (Plate XXIII); ANS: 1.63 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.72 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.43 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.62 gr., 1.72 gr., 1.76 gr., 1.77 gr., 1.80 gr., 1.81 gr., Blunt: 1.73 gr.; Brussels: 1.78 gr.; BM: (57–9–1–34–IGP forgery) 1.78 gr., (Cuff-1829) 1.42 gr., (38–7–10–1182–Cuerdale) 1.20 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 1296) 1.47 gr. (damaged); Garrett: (6132) 1.78 gr.; Grierson: 1.80 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.35 gr., 1.10 gr. (damaged); Munich: 1.73 gr.

Find: Bourgneuf; Cuerdale; Glizy; "ANS Find."

717. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Prou 195; Gariel XXXII, 190–192.

Meyer Coll., 355, 285; Bordeaux Coll., 268; Lockett Coll., 352 (four pieces).

Paris: 0.86 gr.; Berlin: 0.60 gr., 0.74 gr., 0.88 gr. (Plate XXIV); ANS: 0.60 gr., 0.75 gr. (CRATIADIEI).

Find: Assebrouck; "ANS Find."

718. Obv.: +CRATIADI-REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +QVVENTOVVIC. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Prou 200; Gariel LI, 60 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1230; Norman Coll., 552; Bordeaux Coll., 343 (two pieces); Cahn Dec. 1932, 1294; Cahn 1934, 2254.

Paris: 1.25 gr.; Berlin: 1.17 gr., 1.21 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 841) 1.25 gr. (damaged); The Hague: (Inv. 17564) 1.20 gr.; Hermitage: 1.25 gr.; Van Rede : (B1264) 1.19.gr.

Find: Zelzate, 1.37 gr.; Laxfield; Bligny.

719. Obv.: +CRATIAD –RE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +QVETNOVVICI. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Prou 197.

Paris: 1.55 gr.; Brussels: 1.45 gr.; Vienna : 1.76 gr.

720. Obv.: +CRATIAD-PE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +QVENTOVICI. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 196; BMS 105.

Blaser-Frey June 1963, 22; Théry Coll., 473.

Paris: 0.54 gr.; ANS: 0.59 gr. (Blaser-Frey specimen); BM: (1956–4–8–42) 0.84 gr.; Brussels: 0.71 gr., 0.73 gr., 0.89 gr. (var. both legends retrograde, the rev. reading VCIVOTNEVO); Copenhagen: (K. P. 928) 0.69 gr., (Rollin, 1852, var. +CENTOVVICimageO) 0.73 gr. (PlateXXIV); Grierson: 0.60 gr.; Van Rede : (B1265) 0.78 gr.

Find: Laxfield; Glizy.

721. Obv.: +CRAT--DIRE+. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +OVVEVTOVVIC. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Stuttgart: (2V8194) 1.30 gr.

722. Obv.: +60ATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +OVVENTOVVICI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 198.

Paris: 1.43 gr. (Plate XXIV).

723. Obv.: +CRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +QWENTOWICI. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Prou 199.

Théry Coll., 472.

Paris: 1.38 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. in) 1.78 gr., (Inv. 112) 1.82 gr.; Copenhagen: (Terslev find 1233.26) 1.01 gr. (damaged), (K. P. 1296) 1.67 gr., (T. 1247) 1.77 gr.; Stuttgart: (ITU. 1950/8) 1.47 gr. (Plate XXIV). Find: Muizon-lez-Malines, 1.31 gr., 1.49 gr.; Etampes; Bonnevaux; Compiègne; Courbanton III; Arras; Terslev.

724. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Find: Etampes.

725. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +QWERITOVVICIV. Cross with one dot in each of two horizontal corners. Denarius.

Find: Arras.

726. Obv.: .. .NVAAV... Cross.

Rev.: +OVVENTOV... Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 201.

Paris: 1.02 gr.; BM: (1908–10–11–272) 0.58 gr.; Grierson.

727. Obv.: +CRATIAimageIREX (retrograde). Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +OVIIIVOVIV. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 202.

Paris: 0.96 gr.

728. Obv.: .. .APII DVNP... Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +OVHITOVVICV. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XLII, 55 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1149–1150.

TOURNAI

729. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TimagePNETEMSI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXVI, 266 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1049; Meyer Coll., 312; Schulman 1931, 135.

Berlin: 1.51 gr., 1.52 gr.

Find: Bourgneuf.

VALENCIENNES

730. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VALENCIAN ISPORT. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 208, 209; Gariel XXXVI, 277 (Arras find).

Théry Coll., 496.

Paris: 1.54 gr., 1.74 gr.; Berlin: 1.83 gr. (Plate XXIV); ANS: 1.83 gr.; 1.34 gr.; Brussels: 1.56 gr. (Inv. 121) 1.73 gr.; Grierson: 1.70 gr.

Find: Courbanton II; Vaux-de-Vire; Arras; "ANS Find."

731. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VALENCIANISRT. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 210; Gariel XXXVI, 278 (Glizy find).

Gariel Coll., 1058; Théry Coll., 498.

Paris: 1.70 gr.; Berlin: 1.61 gr. (Plate XXIV); Brussels: 1.23 gr.

Find: Glizy.

732. Obv.: +CRATIAimage-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VALENCIAHISROT, Cross. Denarius.

Prou 211 = Gariel XXXVI, 279.

Hess Oct. 1903, 1331.

Paris: 1.57 gr. (Plate XXIV).

733. Obv.: +CRATIAD –IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VALENCIANIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 206.

Paris: 1.62 gr.; ANS: 1.70 gr. (broken); Brussels: (Inv. 120) 1.61 gr.

Find: "ANS Find"

734. Obv.: +GRATIAD -IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VALENCIANIIS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXVI, 276 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1057; Meyer Coll., 314; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 82.

Berlin: 1.47 gr.

Find: Glizy.

735. Obv.: +CRATIAD-ERIX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VALENCIANIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 207.

Blaser-Frey June 1963, 31 (VALENCIANI.).

Paris: 1.34 gr. (Plate XXIV); ANS: 1.35 gr. (Blaser-Frey specimen), 1.30 gr.

Find: "ANS Find."

LENS

736. Obv.: +CRATIAD -IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ΘENONNIS-imageISCO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXIX, 106 (Gariel Coll., rev. inscription retrograde).

Berlin: 1.86 gr. (Plate XXIV).

Find: Glizy.

ARRAS

737. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ATREBA'TISCIVITA'A. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 215.

Théry Coll., 423.

Paris: 1.62 gr.; ANS: 1.57 gr.; Brussels: 1.36 gr.

738. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AREB'ATISCIVIT'A'S. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 216; Gariel XXV, n (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 876–878; Meyer Coll., 341, 233; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1284; Théry Coll., 420, 421.

Paris: 1.71 gr.; Berlin: 1.56 gr., 1.74 gr. (Plate XXIV).

739. Obv.: +CRADIADimageRP. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AIRASICIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXV, 15 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 879.

Find: Glizy.

740. Obv.: +CRATIAFlREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: ATREBATISCIVITAS>. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 217.

Blaser-Frey June 1963, 6 (GRATIAD-I RIEX).

Paris: 1.68 gr.; ANS: 1.67 gr., 1 65 gr. (CRATIAD-IREX).

Find: Compiégne ?; "ANS Find."

741. Obv.: +CRATIAFIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ATREBAISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 218 = Gariel XXV, 12.

Paris: 1.92 gr.; Blunt: 1.75 gr.

742. Obv.: +CRATIAFIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ATREBATSCI VITA'S. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 219 = Gariel XXV, 13.

Paris: 1.53 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 102) 1.62 gr.

Find: Etampes; Bourgneuf.

743. Obv.: XQDATIACFIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ATREB'ATISCVITIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 224.

Paris: 1.67 gr.; ANS: 1.60 gr. (ATREBATISCIVITS); Munich: 1.54 gr.; Stuttgart: (2V8120, var.) 1.49 gr.

Find: Courbanton III; "ANS Find."

744. Obv.: +CIDATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ATREBASCIVI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 225; BMS 106.

Théry Coll., 422.

Paris: 1.72 gr.; Berlin: (PLATE XXIV); ANS: 1.75 gr.; BM: (38–7–10–1157) 181 Brussels: (Inv. 138) 1.69 gr., 1.70 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. p. 178) 1.85 gr.

Find: Cuerdale; "ANS Find."

745. Obv.: +CRATIATR.. .X. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ATREBASCIVI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLIX, 3 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 544bis.; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1324, 1325; Meyer Coll., 395; Lempertz March 1927, 18 (var. with ATRERATIEM).

Berlin: 1.10 gr., 1.72 gr., 1.75 gr.; Brussels: 1.25 gr.

746. Obv.: +C\SIIVTimageIPE (retrograde). Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ATREB'A'SCV. Cross with one crescent in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Prou 226.

Paris: 1.17 gr.

747. Obv.: +CRATIAD'RIPEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ATREB'ATISCIV. Cross. Denarius. ANS: 1.40 gr.

Find: Arras; Assebrouck.

748. Obv.: +GRACIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ATRA'SCIVIT'A'S. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 220 = Gariel XXV, 14.

Paris: 1.75 gr.

Find: Glizy.

749. Obv.: +CIRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev..: +ATDEBATISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 221.

Paris: 1.57 gr.

750. Obv.: +GDATIADimageII'EX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ATREB' ATISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

ANS: 1.27 gr.

Find : Arras; "ANS find."

AMIENS

751. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREXI. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AMBIANISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 232.

Paris: 1.58 gr.

Find : Zelzate.

752. Obv.: +CRATIAD-REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AIIBIAIIISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXV, 2 (Gariel Coll.).

Helbing March 1911, 2282.

Berlin: 1.47 gr. (Plate XXIV).

Find : Etampes.

753. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AMBIANSCIVII. Cross. Obolus.

Garrett: (6133) 0.64 gr.

754. Obv.: +CRATIAID-REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AIIBIANISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 236.

Paris: 1.58 gr.

Find .: Vaux-de-Vire.

755. Obv.:+ CMAIIAC. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: ANBIAIGCIVITAS. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXV, 7 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 108.

Gariel Coll., 873.

Berlin: 0.63 gr.; BM: (SSB–127–66) 0.60 gr.

756. Obv.: +GRATI AD –IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ARBIANISCIVITA. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 233, 234 (var. with one dot in each of three corners of the initial cross, obv. inscription).

Paris: 1.73 gr., 1.76 gr.; ANS: 1.56 gr., 1.80 gr.; Brussels: 1.54 gr. (var. +AMBIANICIVIA).

Find : "ANS Find."

757. Obv.: +GRATA ID-RE++. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AMBIANISCIVIT. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXV, 3 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.71 gr., 1.76 gr., 1.76 gr.

758. Obv.: +CRATIAID-REX. Karolus monogram,

Rev.: +AMBIANISCIVI I. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 235.

Paris: 1.56 gr.; ANS: 1.33 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17618) 1.30 gr.

Find : "ANS Find."

759. Obv.: +CRATIAD-REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AMBIANSCIV'II. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 238.

Paris: 0.61 gr. (Plate XXIV).

Find : Compiegne; Glizy.

760. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AMBIANISCIVI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXV, 5 (Gariel Coll.), 4 (Gariel Coll., var., no bar between D and I in the obv. inscription); Prou 231 (var., the N in the rev. inscription is retrograde), 239 (var., dot between S andC in the rev. inscription), 240 (var., dot between A and M in the rev. inscription).

Blaser-Frey June 1963, 5.

Paris: 1.81 gr., 1.71 gr., 1.74 gr.; Berlin: 1.27 gr., 1.39 gr.; ANS: 1.27 gr., 1.28 gr., 1.34 gr., 1.34 gr., 1.40 gr., 1.46 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.71 gr., 1.63 gr. (GRATIADIREX), 1.57 gr., 1.66 gr., 1.72 gr. (Plate XXIV); Blunt: 1.50 gr.; Van Rede: (B1247) 1.54 gr.

Find : Etampes; Compiegne (?); Glizy; Arras; "ANS Find."

761. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREXI. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AMBIANISCIVI

. Cross. Obolus.

Meyer Coll., 231; stock of Hans Schulman, N.Y. 1963, 0.69 gr.

ANS: 0.62 gr.

762. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AMBIANICIVIA. Cross. Denarius.

Brussels (Plate XXIV, slightly enlarged) 1

Find: Nourray.

763. Obv.: +CRATIAD-REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AMBIANISCIVI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXV, 6 (Gariel Coll.);] Prou 241 (var;, D-I in obv. inscription; dot between N and I in rev. inscription).

Paris: 1.81 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 101) 1.67 gr.

Find: Etampes.

764. Obv.: +CRATIAD-RI. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+AMblANICClV. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 237.

Paris: 0.60 gr.; ANS: 0.62 gr.

765. Obv.: +GRATIAID-RE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.;+AMBIANISCiVI. Cross. Denarius. ANS: 1.53 gr. (GRATIAD-RE), 1.49 gr. (GRATIAD-IRE).

Find : Glizy; "ANS Find."

766. Obv.: +GRIATIAID-RE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AMBIANISCIV. Cross. Denarius.

Find : Glizy.

767. Obv.: +GRATIAD-I. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AMBIANIS. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 242 = Gariel XXV, 8; Prou 243 (var., no bar in obv. inscription). Gariel Coll., 874; Théry Coll., 418.

Paris: 0.62 gr., 0.92 gr.; Berlin: 0.72 gr. (Plate XXV); ANS: 0.70 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 928) 0.65 gr.

Find : Glizy; "ANS Find."

PÈSRONNE

768. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PERRONENSISMO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXII, 186 (Mallet Coll.).

ANS: 1.40 gr., 1 42 gr. (Plate XXV).

Find : "ANS Find."

ST-FURSY (PÈRONNE)

769. ObV: +CRATID-IRIEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SC-IFVRSEICASTELLO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXIV, 225 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1020; DuLac Coll. II, 515.

Berlin (Plate XXV).

Find : Arras.

ST-PIERRE (CORBIE)

770. Obv.: +GRATAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SC-IPEIRIMONETA. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 961; Gariel XXXIV, 231 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1023; DuLac Coll. II, 516.

Paris: 1.23 gr.; Berlin: 1.43 gr.; ANS: 1.32 gr. (MIOimageTA), 1.45 gr. (Plate XXV).

Find : Etampes; Glizy; Troyes (1910), 1.39 gr.

771. Obv.: +CRATIAb-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SC–IPETRNOimageETE. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXXIV, 232 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1024.

Berlin: 0.69 gr.

Find : Compiègne.

ST-QUENTIN

772. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SC-IimageVINTINIMO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 249, 253 (var., : +: at beginning of rev. inscription).

Théry Coll., 485.

Paris: 1.43 gr., 1.76. gr. (Plate XXV); ANS: 1.26 gr., 1.35 gr., 1.48 gr:, 1.50 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.72 gr. (CRIATIA), 1.82 gr.; Grierson: 1.63 gr.

Find : Etampes; Compiègne (?); Arras; Glizy; "ANS Find."

773. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Prou 254; Gariel XXXIV, 239 (Gariel Coll.).

Hess-Bank Leu Oct. 1964, 1067; Meyer Coll., 301; Cahn April 1929, 41; Schulman June 1939, 491.

Berlin: 0.57 gr. (Plate XXV); ANS: 0.74 gr. (Bank Leu).

Find : Glizy.

774. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SC-IWINTINMD. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXIV, 235 (Gariel Coll.).

Hamburger Sept. 1926, n; Cahn April 1929, 40; Lockett Coll., 349; Kress Oct. 1960, 1470.

ANS: 1.72 gr.

Find : Glizy.

775. Obv.: +CRIATIAD-IR'E'X. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SCIVVINTINIMONET. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 246 s Gariel XXXIV, 234.

Paris: 1.69 gr.; Brussels: 1.72 gr.

776. Obv.: +CRIATIADIRE'X. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +:SCIimageVITimageNIMOIET. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 247.

Thèry Coll., 484.

Paris: .1–47 gr. (Plate XXV); ANS: 1.58 gr.

Find : "ANS Find."

777. Obv.: +CRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: •+• SCimageVITNVllMONET. Denarius.

Prou 248 = Gariel XXXIV, 233.

Blaser-Frey June 1963, 28.

Paris: 1.74 gr.; ANS: 1.72 gr., 1.76 gr.

Find : "ANS Find."

778. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IRE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SCIWITINMOET. Cross. Obolus.

Find: Glizy.

779. Obv.: : + :CRATIAD-RE :X (retrograde). Karolus monogram.

Rev.: : +:imageC-IRVHHHTMOE. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 251 = Gariel XXXIV, 238.

Paris: 1.53 gr.; ANS: 1.81 gr. (CRIATIAD).

Find: "ANS Find."

780. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IRE'X. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: SCNVNITINMONT. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 252.

Paris: 1.52 gr. (Plate XXV).

781. Obv.: +CRATIAD-lRE:X. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SCTSVINTINMO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXIV, 236 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.42 gr., 1.46 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.67 gr., 1.72 gr., 1.74 gr. (Plate XXV); ANS: 1.24 gr., 1.38 gr., 1.42 gr., 1.45 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.70 gr., 1.72 gr., 1.75 gr.

Find : Glizy; Courbanton III; "ANS Find."

782. Obv.: +: CRATID-IR... Karolus monogram.

Rev.: : +:SC-ΛΛII.. .TNMO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXIV, 237.

783. Obv.: : +:CRATIAD-IRE:X: Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SC-IimageINTIIIMO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 250.

Paris: 1.61 gr.; ANS: 1.60 gr. (SC-IQVNIT), 1.87 gr. (TINIIVIO); The Hague: (Inv. 17581) 1.80 gr.

Find: "ANS Find."

BEAUVAIS

784. Obv.: +CAROLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +BELGEVACVSCI. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 255.

Blaser-Frey June 1963, 8.

Paris: 1.64 gr. (Plate XXV).

Find: Compiègne (?); Glizy.

784a. Obv.: +CAROLVSREXCR. Cross.

Rev.: +BELCEVACASCI. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

ANS: 0.75 gr.

Find: "ANS Find."

MORIENVAL

785. Obv.: +CRATIAD-RE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +MAVRINIAVAI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 262 = Gariel XXX, 142.

Berlin: 1.50 gr.; 1.53 gr. (Plate XXV).

786. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +MAVRIIIVAVAI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 263; Gariel XXX, 143 (Glizy find).

Gariel Coll., 965 (ex Glizy).

Paris: 1.70 gr. (Plate XXV).

Find: Glizy.

787. Obv.: +CRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +MAVRIIIVAIEVN. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXX, 144 (Fabre Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 270; Bordeaux Coll., 263; DuLac Coll. II, 507. ANS: 1.40 gr. (Plate XXV), 1.36 gr. (MAVRINVAIEVNI).

Find : Arras; "ANS Find."

COMPIÈGNE

788. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.:+CONPEDIVPALAT. Karolus monogram.

Cf. Memoirs du Congrès de Numismatique (1900), p. 245. Meyer Coll., 401; Bordeaux Coll., 336 (ex Meyer).

789. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +COEIALACIO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 264.

Théry Coll. 444.

Paris: 1.73 gr.; Berlin (Plate XXV); ANS: 1.52 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.72 gr., 1.40 gr. (COh'RENDlO); Copenhagen: (K. P. 777) 1.50 gr. Find : Compiégne; Courbanton III; Glizy; Arras; "ANS Find."

790. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IRE-X. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +COISPENDIOPALACIO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 266; Gariel XXVIII, 88 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 930; Schulman June 1939, 482; Peuss Nov. 1954, 1741; Kress Oct. 1960, 1440.

Paris: 1.77 gr.; Berlin: 1.70 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.85 gr.; ANS: 1.58 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.48 gr. (CRIATIA).

Find: "ANS Find."

791. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CONPEDIOPALCI. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 265; Gariel XXVIII, 89 (de Roucy Coll.).

Paris: 0.65 gr.

Find: Compiégne; Glizy.

LAON

792. Obv: +CAROLVSREXPIVS. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: LVGDVNICLAVATI. Temple. Beneath, a cross between two triangles. Denarius.

Prou 269 = Gariel L, 31; 32 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1215.

Paris: 1.74 gr.; Berlin: 1.64 gr. (Plate XXV).

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.62 gr. (var., lacking rev. triangles), 1.67 gr., 1.77 gr.; Schowen.

793. Obv.: KAROLVSGR AT I AD IREX. Temple.

Rev.: +MONTLVGDVNICLAvAT. Cross with two dots in each corner. Denarius.

Gariel L, 33 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.53 gr., 1.60 gr.

Find : Zelzate, 1.69 gr. (var. +MONETALVGDVNICL).

794. Obv.: +GRATI AD –IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +LVGDVNICLAVATI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 270, 271, 272; Gariel XXX, 125 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 109, 110.

Rousseau Coll., 396; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 65; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1288; Kress Oct. 1960, 1446, 1447; Kress Dec. 1961, 662; Lockett Coll,, 345; Kress Nov. 1966, 1470.

Paris: 1.80 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.77 gr.; Berlin: 1.34 gr., 1.79 gr. (Plate XXVI); ANS: 1.30 gr., 1.40 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.69 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.75 gr., 1.75 gr., 1.76 gr., 1.76 gr., 1.77 gr., 1.77 gr., 1.77 gr., 1.78 gr., 1.78 gr., 1.79 gr., 1.79 gr., 1.80 gr., 1.80 gr., 1.83 gr. 1.27 gr. (GRATIADREX-LVCIDIINI); BM: (SSB–127–53) 1.71 gr., (38–7–10–1175) 1.76 gr.; Brussels: 1.26 gr. (fragment), 1.52 gr., 1.54 gr., (Inv. 107) 1.84 gr.; Grierson: 1.77 gr., 1.70 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17565) 1.60 gr.; Hermitage: 1.77 gr.; Holmes: 1.64 gr.; Van Rede: (B1254) 1.75 gr.

Find: Bourgneuf; Bligny; Etampes; Compiégne; Courbanton III; Laxfield; Chalon-sur-Saone (1893); Arras; CuerdaleANS Find."

795. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+LvCDVNICI-AVATI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXX, 126 (Gariel Coll.).

796.Obv.: +GRAimageIA•D-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: LVGDVNICLAVATI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 273.

Paris: 1.68 gr.; ANS: 1.78 gr.

797. Obv.: +CDAITADTIDEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +LVDDVNIQLAVATI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 274 = Gariel XXX, 127.

Paris: 1.42 gr. (Plate XXVI).

798. Obv.: +CRATIADIIEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +LVGDVNOCLA. Cross with one dot in each corner. Obolus.

Prou 275 = Gariel XXX, 128.

Gariel Coll., 958; Meyer Coll., 265; Blaser-Frey June 1963, 14.

Paris: 0.84 gr. (Plate XXV); Berlin: 1.06 gr.; ANS: 0.89 gr. (CRATIAD-IREX; LNASDVNICLAVATI) Blaser-Frey specimen, 0.75 gr., 0.86 gr. Find: Compiegne; Glizy; "ANS Find."

799. Obv.: +CLEMENTIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +LVGDVNICLAVATI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel L, 34 (RN 1854, pp. 61–66).

RN: 1.56 gr.

800. Obv.: +C.. .EMEMTIADIRE. Karolus (?) monogram.

Rev.: +LVGDVN... IA. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LIII, 24 (Laon).

PIERREPONT

801. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PETRIPONTENO. Cross. Denarius.

Meyer Coll., 353.

NOYON

802. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +NOVIimageM. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 952 = Gariel XIII, 210; Gariel XXIII, 65 (Gariel Coll., var. with +NOVIimageM.).

Gariel Coll., 843; DuLac Coll. II, 497; Théry Coll., 467.

Paris: 1.87 gr.; Berlin: 1.75 gr. (Plate XXVI); ANS: 1.43 gr., 1.71 gr.

Find: Glizy; Schowen; "ANS Find."

803. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +NIOVIIVOM. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Gariel XXIII, 66 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 844.

Berlin: 0.52 gr. (Plate XXVI).

Find: Glizy.

804. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +HNimageVIimageMVILLA. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 953; Gariel XXXI, 159 (Gariel Coll.); Prou 954 and Gariel LXXI, 160 vary; BMS 111, 112.

Meyer Coll., 276; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 69; Lockett Coll., 347; Théry Coll., 468.

Paris: 1.75 gr., 1.74 gr.; Berlin: 1.73 gr.; ANS: 1.65 gr., 1.81 gr. (Plate XXVI); BM: (38–7–10–1178-Cuerdale) 1.80 gr., (1956–4–8–3 7-Lockett} 1.72 gr.; Garrett: (6137) 1.80 gr.

Find: Bourgneuf; Courbanton II; Courbanton III; Vaux-de-Vire; Cuerdale; "ANS Find."

SOISSONS

805. Obv.: +GRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SVESSIOCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 278, 279, 280, 281; Gariel XXXV, 248 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 113, 114. Rousseau Coll., 405, 494; Deglatigny Coll., 271; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 78; Hamburger Feb. 1928, 1794; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1299; Lockett Coll., 350, Blaser-Frey June 1963, 30.

Paris: 1.80 gr., 1.75 gr., 1.51 gr., 1.65 gr.; Berlin: 1.76 gr. (Plate XXVI); ANS: 1.64 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.62 gr., 1.64 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.66 gr., 1.67 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.69 gr., 1.69 gr., 1.71 gr., 1.71 gr., 1.78 gr., 1.78 gr., 1.81 gr.; Blunt: 1.63 gr.; BM: (38–7–10–1184-Cuerdale) 1.62 gr., (79–7–10–2) 1.61 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 118) 1.45 gr., 1.74 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 727) 1.67 gr.; Grierson: 1.69 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 1946:50) 1.72 gr.; Stutt-gart: (2V8499) 1.48 gr.; Van Rede: (B1269) 1.72 gr.

Find: Etampes; Courbanton III; Arras; Glizy; Cuerdale; "ANS Find."

806. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Prou 282 = Gariel XXXV, 250.

Paris: 0.81 gr.; ANS: 0.83 gr. (Plate XXVI).

Find: Compiègne.

807. Obv.: +GRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SVESSIOCIVITAS. Cross with one crescent in one corner. Obolus.

Prou 283 = Gariel XXXV, 251.

Paris: 0.78 gr. (Plate XXVI).

808. Obv.: +CRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SVESSIOCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 284.

Paris: 1.23 gr.

809. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SVESOICIVITVS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXV, 249 (Gariel Coll.).

Find: Glizy.

810. Obv.: +CRATIANREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VE-SSNCIVTIVS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 285.

Paris: 1.09 gr.

ST-MÉDARD (SOISSONS)

811. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SimageMEDARDIMOIIimageT. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXIV, 228 (Gariel Coll.), XXXIX, 14 (var. Combrouse, pl. XXXII, 4).

Gariel Coll., 1022.

Berlin: 1.75 gr. (Plate XXVI); ANS: 1.62 gr.. 1.25 gr. (S-CIWEDAR-DOHT).

Find: Arras; "ANS Find."

RETHONDES

812. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ROTVNDASCELLA. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 288; Gariel XXXIII, 214.

Paris: 1.46 gr. (Plate XXVI).

RHEIMS

813. Obv.: +CAROLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: REMISCIVITAS. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 296, 297; Gariel XXI, 15, 16 (Marsum find); BMS 115.

Paris: 1.48 gr., 1.35 gr.; Berlin: 1.69 gr.; ANS: 1.28 gr. (Plate XXVI); Assen Museum: (M1855/1935–9, A13, var. REMISCIVIT'AS) 1.38 gr., (M1892–3) 1.59 gr., (M1872–2–2) 1.27 gr. (broken), (M1872–2–1) 1.26 gr., (M1872–214) 1.46 gr., (M1872–213) 1.50 gr., (1872–2a) 1.55 gr.; BM: (SSB-127–70) 1.61 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 113) 1.32 gr., (Inv. 114) 1.36 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. p. 148) 1.50 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17566) 1.25 gr., (607) 1.35 gr., (Inv. 1931:285) 1.45 gr., (Inv. 17568) 1.51 gr., (Inv. 17567) 1.05 gr.

Find: Neuvi-au-Houlme; Kimswerd-Pingjum I (?); Fontaines; Ballon; Achlum; Zelzate, 1.39 gr., 1.52 gr.; Ide 1.51 gr., 1.44 gr., 1.36 gr.; Pilligerheck, 1.37 gr., 1.40 gr., 1.43 gr., 1.51 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.57 gr.; Wagenbogen; Emmen; Marsum.

814. Obv.: +GRATIAD -IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +REMISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 298; Gariel XXXIII, 193 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 402, 470; Meyer Coll., 286, 356; Schulman Oct. 1913, 394; Cahn April 1929, 34; Lockett Coll., 349; Kress Oct. 1960, 1473; Blaser-Frey June 1963, 23.

Paris: 1.75 gr.; Berlin: 1.71 gr.; ANS: 1.68 gr. (Plate XXVI); 1.27 gr., 1.48 gr., 1.51 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.63 gr., 1.64 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.67 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.69 gr., 1.69 gr., 1.70 gr., 1.70 gr., 1.70 gr., 1.71 gr., 1.71 gr., 1.72 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.75 gr., 1.78 gr., 1.80 gr. and 13 specimens with GRACIA: 1.49 gr. (broken), 1.51 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.66 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.69 gr., 1.69 gr., 1.70 gr., 1.71 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.80 gr.; Blunt: 1.49 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 115, var.) 1.38 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 724) 1.54 gr., (K. P. 727) 1.76 gr.; Hermitage: 1.68 gr.; Stuttgart: (var. +EMIVISSIVITAS) 1.24 gr., (2V8503, var.) 1.74 gr.; Van Rede: (B1266) 1.69 gr.

Find: Bourgneuf; Bligny; Nourray; Etampes; Compiègne; Courbanton III; Chalon-sur-Saône (1893); Arras; Bonnevaux; "ANS Find."

815. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IRE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +REMISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 299.

Paris: 1.72 gr.; Grierson: 1.65 gr., 1.45 gr.

816. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IRE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: REMISCIVITAS. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 300.

Meyer Coll., 287; Bordeaux Coll., 269; Théry Coll., 475.

Paris: 0.74 gr.; Berlin: (CIVITA) (Plate XXVI); The Hague: (Inv. 1946:49); ANS: 0.64 gr.

Find: Compiégne; "ANS Find."

ATTIGNY

817. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ATINIACOPA. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 308.

Paris: 1.60 gr. (PLATE XXVI); ANS: 1.59 gr.

Find: Etampes; Compègne; Courbanton III; Glizy; "ANS Find."

818. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IRE (retrograde). Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ATINIACOPA. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 309, 310 (var., obv. inscription not retrograde); Gariel XXV, 16 (Fabre Coll., var., +CRATIAD-IREX).

Gariel Coll., 880; Bordeaux Coll., 249; Meyer Coll., 234; Théry Coll., 424 (This specimen ex Bordeaux and Meyer collections).

Paris: 1.54 gr., 1.64 gr.; Berlin: 1.48 gr.

819. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IRE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AATINIACOPA. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXV, 17.

Gariel Coll., 881.

Berlin: 1.58 gr.

819a. Obv.: +GRATIAPIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: ANTINIACOFISCO. Cross. Obolus.

Théry Coll., 425.

Find: Glizy.

CHALONS-SUR-MARNE

820. Obv.: +CRATIAD –IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CATALAVNISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Find: Bligny.

821. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev: +CATALAVNISCIV. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 311, 312.

Paris: 1.45 gr., 1.83 gr. (Plate. XXVI).

Find: Courbanton III.

822. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CATALAVNISCI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXVII, 65 (Glizy find).

Berlin: 1.32 gr. (var., with one wedge in one corner of the rev. cross), 1.60 gr., 1.70 gr. (Plate XXVII); ANS: 1.80 gr.; Grierson: 1.52 gr. (var.).

Find: Glizy; "ANS Find."

823. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CATAIAVNISCIT. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 314.

Paris: 1.41 gr. (Plate XXVII).

824. Obv.: +GRATIAD –IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CATAIAVNISCVTAT. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 313; Gariel XXVII, 66.

Gariel Coll., 912; Bordeaux Coll., 251; Meyer Coll., 244; Hess 1912, 22.

Paris: 1.53 gr.; ANS: 1.46 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17569) 1.20 gr.

PARIS

825. Obv.:+CARLVSR'E+. Cross.

Rev.: Paris/•/II. Denarius.

Gariel LI, 55 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.08 gr., 1.35 gr.

826. Obv.:+CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: PARI/SI•I. Denarius.

Prou 321, 322 (var.).

Rousseau Coll., 516; Meyer Coll., 194; Bordeaux Coll., 281; Hirsch Nov. 1958, 747.

Paris: 1.70 gr., 1.57 gr.; Berlin (PLATE XXVII); ANS: 1.40 gr., 1.58 gr.; Brussels: 1.54 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17572) 1.15 gr.; Hermitage: 1.44 gr. Find: Pilligerheck, 1.25 gr.; Wagenbogen.

827. Obv.:+CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: PARISIICIVITAS. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 323; Gariel XXI, 12 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 803; Meyer Coll., 199.

Paris: 1.47 gr.; Berlin: 1.31 gr. (PLATE XXVII); Grierson: 1.52 gr. (damaged); Groningen Museum: (3374) 1.63 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17571) 1.20 gr. (damaged).

Find: Oudwoude, 1.60 gr.; Zelzate; Pilligerheck, 1.30 gr., 1.66 gr.; Wagenbogen, 1.20 gr.; Loppersum.

828. Obv.: +CAROLVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +PARISIICIVITAS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XLII, 52 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1147.

Berlin: 1.63 gr. (PLATE XXVII).

829. Obv.: +CAROLVSRE+. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +PARISIICIIITAS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XLII, 53 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1148.

830. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PARISIICIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 326.

Cahn March 1926, 38; Lempertz March 1927, 9; Cahn April 1929, 31; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1293; Cahn 1934, 3.41 Kress Oct. 1960, 1466.

Paris: 1.77 gr.; ANS: 1.68 gr. (PLATE XXVII), 1.56 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.67 gr., 1.69 gr., 1.69 gr., 1.72 gr., 1.72 gr., 1.75 gr., 1.80 gr.; Stuttgart: (2V8470) 1.55 gr.

Find: "ANS Find."

831. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Prou 327 = Gariel XXXII, 185; BMS 116.

Paris: 0.68 gr.; Berlin: 0.84 gr. (Plate XXVII); BM: (38–7–10–1180–Cuerdale) 0.64 gr; Copenhagen: (K. P. 928, var.) 0.59 gr.

Find: Cuerdale.

832. Obv.: +CRATID-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PARISIICIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 328, 329.

Paris: 1.69 gr., 1.31 gr.; Brussels: 1.70 gr.; Grierson: 1.63 gr. (var. XPARISIICIVITAS).

833. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PARISIICIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 324; Gariel XXXII, 182 (Gariel Coll.), 183.

Blaser-Frey June 1963, 20.

Paris: 2.03 gr. (genuine?); Berlin: 1.70 gr., 1.73 gr.; ANS: 1.54 gr. (CRACIA); Blunt: 1.75 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. p. 124, var., Karolus monogram on rev., cross on obv.) 1.60 gr., (K. P., p. 148) 1.75 gr. (Plate XXVII); The Hague: (Inv. 17570) 1.60 gr.; Vienna: 1.70 gr. Find: Chalon-sur-Saône (1893); Bourgneuf; Bligny; Nourray; Etampes; Compiégne (?); Courbanton II; Courbanton III; Glizy; Arras; Evreux; "ANS Find." The presence of this type in the Evreux find indicates that it may have been struck under Charles the Simple as well as under Charles the Bald.

834. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PARISIICIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXII, 184 (Gariel Coll.).

835. Obv.: +CRATIAD-ERIX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PARISIICIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 325; BMS 11 j.

Paris: 1.17 gr.; BM: (38–7–10–1179-Cuerdale) 1.78 gr.

Find: Cuerdale.

836. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PARISIICIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 330, 331.

Paris: 1.74 gr., 1.72 gr. (Plate XXVII).

837.Obv.: +CARTIAD-IDEI+. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PA•image imageIICIVITA. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LI, 54 (Gariel Coll.).

838. Obv.: +CI imageAIIIAPIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PARISIICIVIIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 332.

Paris: 1.49 gr. {Plate XXVII).

ST-DENIS

839. See above, no. 139 a.

840. Obv.: .CRATIAD-IR.:. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SCIAIONVSIM. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 342, 343; Gariel XXXIV, 220, 221 (Gariel Coll., var.).

Cahn Dec. 1932, 1298; Hess Lucerne July 1933, 93; Blaser-Frey June 1963, 26.

Paris: 1.53 gr., 1.64 gr. (PLATE XXVII); Brussels: 1.61 gr.

Find: Zelzate, 1.68 gr.; Courbanton III; Glizy.

841. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel XXXIV, 222 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1018; Schulman 1931, 134; Kricheldorf May 1956, 352; Kress Oct. 1960, 1443a; Blaser-Frey June 1963, 27.

Berlin: 0.83 gr.; ANS: 0.62 gr. (Blaser-Frey specimen), 0.62 gr.

Find: Glizy; "ANS Find."

842. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SCIAIONVSII.:. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 346.

Paris: 1.57 gr.

843. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SCIAIONVSIIM. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 344, 345; Gariel XXXIV, 219 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 118, 119.

Rousseau Coll., 404; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 77; Hamburger Feb. 1928, 1:793; Cahn April 1929, 38; Lockett Coll., 350; Kress Oct. 1960, 1442; 1443.

Paris: 1.60 gr., 1.64 gr.; Berlin: 1.59 gr., 1.65 gr. (Plate XXVII); ANS: 1.60 gr., 1.17 gr., 1.37 gr., 1.44 gr., 1.46 gr., 1.51 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.63 gr., 1.63 gr., 1.64 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.67 gr., 1.71 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.77 gr., 1.83 gr.; Blunt: 1.56 gr.; BM: (38–7–10–1173–Cuerdale) 1.69 gr., (1908–10–11–264) 1.37 gr.; Grierson: 1.61 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17573) 1.50 gr.; Munich: 1.63 gr.; Stuttgart: (2V8505) 1.62 gr.; Van Rede: (B1270) 1.61 gr.; Vienna: 1.57 gr.

Find: Bourgneuf; Bligny; Nourray; Etampes; Cuerdale; Vaux-de-Vire; Chalon-sur-Saône (1893); Glizy; Arras; Evreux; "ANS Find."

844. Same as foregoing. Obolus

Prou 347.

Paris: 0.73 gr.; Berlin (Plate XXVII); Grierson: 0.74 gr.

Find: Glizy.

845. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IR'EX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SCIAIONVSPIM. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 348.

Paris: 0.73 gr.

846. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SCIΔIONVMI. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 349, 350.

Paris: 0.56 gr., 0.65 gr.

847. Obv.: CRATIAC-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SCIΔIONVM. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 351 = Gariel XXXIV, 223; BMS 120.

Paris: 0.54 gr.; Berlin: 0.82 gr.; ANS: 0.60 gr.; BM: (1902–10–4–11) 0.49 gr.

Find: Compiégne (?); Assebrouck; Stamford; "ANS Find."

MEAUX

848. Obv.: +CARLVSRE+. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XMEL+ DIS+. Temple, with a cross beneath. Denarius.

Museé Frison: (A 90) 1.59 gr. (Plate XXVII).

Find: Kimswerd-Pingjum II.

849. Obv.:+CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +/MEL/./DIS++ . Denarius.

Grierson: 1.60 gr.

850. Obv.:+CAROLSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +/MEL/./DlS/ +. Denarius.

Gariel L, 41 (Gariel Coll.).

Kricheldorf Nov. 1960, 309.

Berlin: 1.41 gr.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.58 gr.

851. Obv.: +CRATI'A'DI'REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +MELDISC'VITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 366.

Paris: 1.61 gr.

852. Obv.: :+CRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+ MEL'DISCIVITAS. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXXI, 146 (Cabinet de France, but not in Prou).

Meyer Coll., 272.

Find: Compiégne (?); Glizy; Arras (?).

853. Obv.: +GR'ATPA,D-IRE'X. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +MEL'DIS'C1' V l'TAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 362, 363; Gariel XXXI, 145 (Gariel Coll.).

Hamburger Nov. 1912, 68; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1291; Kress Oct. 1960, 1454; Blaser-Frey June 1963, 16.

Paris: 1.47 gr., 1.73 gr.; Berlin: 1.59 gr. (Plate XXVII); ANS: 1.54 gr. (Blaser-Frey), 1.60 gr., 1.75 gr., 1.76 gr. (CIV-TAS); Brussels: 1.67 gr. Find: Etampes; Compiègne (?); Courbanton III; Glizy; "ANS Find."

854. Obv.: +GRA'TI'A'D-I'REX' Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +•MEL'DIS'CI'VI'TAS' Cross. Denarius.

Prou 364.

Théry Coll., 460.

Paris: 1.70 gr.; Grierson: 1.79 gr. (var.).

855. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Prou 365.

Paris: 0.85 gr. (Plate XXVII).

CHELLES

856.Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +CALAMONAS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XII, 191.

Gariel Coll., 664; Meyer Coll., 113; Hess Lucerne July 1933, 88.

Berlin: 1.47 gr. (Plate XXVIII).

Find: Dorestadt (1846).

857.Obv.: +6RATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: KA'L:A'MONASTERI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 358 = Gariel XXVIII, 82.

Paris: 1.61 gr. (Plate XXVIII);

Berlin: 1.67 gr.; ANS: 1.68 gr. (KALAMŌNARE).

Find: "ANS Find."

858.Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +KALAMONASTE. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXVIII, 83 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 926; Meyer Coll., 250; Bordeaux Coll., 253 (ex Meyer);

Théry Coll., 443.

Berlin: 0.72 gr., 0.77 gr. (Plate XXVIII); ANS: 0.78 gr. (KALAMONACE).

Find: Glizy; "ANS Find."

859.Obv.: +CRTIAD-REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +KLAMNTR. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXVIII, 84.

Berlin: 1.62 gr. (Plate XXVIII).

Find: Etampes; Glizy.

860. Obv.: +CRTIAD-REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +KLAMNTR. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXVIII, 85 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 928.

Paris: (358a) 0.77 gr.; Berlin: 0.77 gr.; Brussels: 0.82 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 934) 0.77 gr.

Find: Glizy.

JOUARRE

861.Obv.: +GRATIAD-REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +IOTRENSISM. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 368; Gariel XXIX, 118 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 949; Meyer Coll., 261; Bordeaux Coll., 258; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 64; Théry Coll., 452.

Paris: 1.56 gr.; Berli n: 1.28 gr., 1.67 gr. (Plate XXVIII); ANS: 1.61 gr., 1.76 gr. (IOTREMSISimage ).

Find: Bligny; "ANS Find"

862.Obv.: +CRATID-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +IOTRENSISM. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 369.

Paris: 1.39 gr.

863.Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +IOTRENSISIimage . Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXIX, 119 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 950.

Berlin: 0.81 gr. (Plate XXVIII); ANS: 1.55 gr.

Find: Compiégne.

MELUN

864.Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CASTELLOMILED. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 370, 371, 372; Gariel XXXI, 147 (Gariel Coll.).

Cahn April 1929, 27; Schulman 1931, 122; Münzhandl. Basel Dec. 1935, 21; Gans-Grunthal April 1951, 584; Théry Coll., 1963, 463.

Paris: 1.69 gr., 1.69 gr., 1.52 gr.;Berlin: 1.46 gr., 1.63 gr. (PlateXXVIII); ANS: 1.46 gr. (var.+CASTELMILIV), 1.58 gr.; Stuttgart: (2v8506) 1.64 gr.

Find: Comptégne; Etampes.

865.Obv.: +CRIIITAID-E. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +MILIDVNNDIEI. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXXI, 148 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 968.

Berlin: 0.45 gr.

ROUEN

866.Obv.: +CRATRIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ROTVIIACVSCV. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 389.

Paris: 0.48 gr.; Grierson: 0.81 gr., 0.53 gr. (var.).

867.Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ROTVICVSCIVI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXIII, 209 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.36 gr. (Plate XXVIII).

Find: Arras.

868.Obv.: +CPATIADDEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ROTVHCVSCIVI. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 384 = Gariel XXXIII, 211; BMS 121.

Paris: 0.70 gr. BM: (1956–4–8–41–Lochett) 0.65 gr.

869.Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ROTVMACVSCIVI. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXXIII, 210 (d'Estissac Coll.); BMS 122.

Schulman 1931, 132; HelbingDec. 1931, 831; Lockett Coll., 352; Kricheldorf May 1956, 351; Théry Coll., 476.

Berlin: 0.56 gr., 0.56 gr., 0.67 gr., 0.67 gr. (Plate XXVIII); ANS: 0.75 gr.; BM: (SSB–127–66) 0.76 gr.

870.Obv.: XCRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ROTVNACVSCIVI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 386.

Rousseau Coll., 452, 452bis, 470bis.; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1297.

Paris: 1.63 gr.; ANS: 1.37 gr. (REIX); Copenhagen: (K. P. 366) 1.65 gr.

Find: "ANS Find."

871.Obv.: +CPATIARIRES. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ROTVHACVSCIVII. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 387.

Paris: 1–40 gr.; ANS: 1–48 gr. (ROTVMASCIVIII), 1.66 gr. (CRAITADREX); Find: Etampes; Compiègne; Courbanton III; Glizy.

872.Obv.: +CPATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +RCTVIIAOVSCIVIIII. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 388 = Gariel XXXIII, 212; Gariel XXXIII, 208 (Gariel Coll., var.

+ROTVMACVSCIVIII).

Paris: 1.68 gr., Berlin: 1.25 gr.

873.Obv.: +CRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ROTVHACVSCII . Cross. Obolus.

Prou 383.

Paris: 0.60 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 762, var. +ROTVNACVSCIV) 0.62 gr.; ANS: 0.62 gr. (GRATIADIREX, retrogade).

Find: Etampes (?); Compiègne; "ANS Find."

874.Obv.: +CRATIADIR-EX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ROTVHACVSCIVII. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 381.

Paris: 1.73 gr.; ANS: 1.40 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.85 gr., 1.86 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1251, var.) 1.37 gr.

875.Obv.:+ XCPATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ROTVHACVSCIVII. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 382.

Paris: 1.75 gr. (Plate XXVIII); ANS: 1.37 gr., 1–37 gr., 1–39 gr., 1.39 gr., 1.48 gr., 1.48 gr., 1.50 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.61 gr.; Stuttgart: (IIU-1950/13) 1.64 gr. (Plate XXVIII); Van Rede: (B1268 var.,

+POTVI+ACVSCIVII) 1.57 gr

Find: "ANS Find."

876.Obv.: +CRATIAD-IPEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ROTVIIACVSCIVII. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 385.

Paris: 1.44 gr.

877.Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ROTANISCIVTAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXIII, 213 (Cabinet de France, but not in Prou).

878.Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: XROTVMACVSCIVII. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 378, 379; Gariel XXXIII, 205, 206 (Poey d'Avant), 207 (Gariel Coll.).

Hess April 1928, 3692. Cahn Dec. 1932,1297; Lockett Coll., 349; Blaser-Frey June 1963, 24.

Paris: 1.66 gr., 1.60 gr.; Berlin: 1.37 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.70 gr. (Plate XXVIII); ANS: 1.69 gr.; Blunt: 1.59 gr.; Brussels: 1.59 gr.; Grierson: 1.61 gr., 1.50 gr. (damaged).

Find: Laxfield; Bligny; Arras (?); Evreux (St-Taurin).

879.Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Grierson: 0.81 gr., 0.53 gr.; Stuttgart: (2v8090, var. +CRATIAD'IIREX), 0.62 gr.

Find: Bligny.

880.Obv.: +CPATIAD –IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ROTVNACVSCIVII. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 380.

Schulman 1931, 131.

Paris: 1.69 gr.; ANS: 1.40 gr. (Plate XXVIII), 1.49 gr. (obv. retrograde; rev. ROTVNACVSCIVIM, retrograde), 1.80 gr. (CRATIADIREX); Vienna : 1.75 gr.

Find: "ANS Find."

LE TALOU

881.Obv.: +CPATIADREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TALAVMONETA. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 396 = Gariel XXXV, 256; Gariel XXXV, 255 (Gariel Coll., var.). Gariel Coll., 1040; Meyer Coll., 309; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 79.

Paris: 1.70 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XXVIII); Paris; ANS: 1.53 gr. (DIREX), 1.73 gr.

Find: Etampes;" ANS Find."

Neustria

EVREUX

882.Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +EBROICASCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 397 = Gariel XXIX 108, 398 (var.); BMS 123.

Schulman 1931, 121; Kricheldorf May 1956, 344; Théry Coll., 449.

Paris: 1.64 gr., 1.74 gr.; ANS: 1.70 gr. (Plate XXVIII); BM: (38–7–10–1174) 1.61 gr.

Find: Compiègne; Courbanton III; Cuerdale.

883.Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +EBROCASCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 389; Gariel XXIX, 107 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 942; Théry Coll., 450 (ex Bordeaux Coll., 256).

Paris: 1.51 gr.; Berlin: 1.53 gr. (Plate XXIX); Grierson: 1.61 gr.

884.Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel XXIX, 109 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 943.

Berlin: 0.53 gr. (Plate XXIX).

LISIEUX

885.Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +L'IXOVIVSCIVITAXS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 400 == Gariel XXX, 132.

Paris: 1.59 gr.; ANS: 1.73 gr. (LICSOVIVSCIVI) (Plate XXIX).

Find: "ANS Find."

886.Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +HCSOVINVCIVIIT. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 401, 402; Gariel XXX, 133.

Rousseau Coll., 397; Meyer Coll., 268; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 67; Kress Oct.1960, 1449; Théry Coll., 1963, 458, 459.

Paris: 1.79 gr., 1.56 gr.; Berlin: 1.61 gr.; ANS: 1.79 gr. (Plate XXIX), 1.67 gr., 1.62 gr. (VINICIVIT); Grierson: 1.66 gr.; Hermitage: 1.61 gr. Find: Etampes; Compiègne (?); Courbanton II; Vaux-de-Vire; Issy-I'Evêque.

BAYEUX

887. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +HBAIOCASCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 403, 404 (var.); Gariel XXVI, 45 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 124. Rousseau Coll., 385; Hirsch Nov. 1958, 730; Bordeaux Coll., 250; Cahn April 1929, 21; Lockett Coll., 342; Blaser-Frey June 1963, 7; Théry Coll., 431, 432.

Paris: 1.72 gr., 1.65 gr.; Berlin: 1.38 gr., 1.68 gr.; ANS: 1.80 gr. (Plate XXIX), 1.58 gr., 1.64 gr., 1.58 gr., (CIVITA), 1.85 gr.(IBAIOCAS); BM: (1956–4–8–35-Lockett) 1.85 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1234) 1.55 gr.J Hermitage: 1.70 gr.

Find: Bourgneuf; Bligny; Nourray; Compiégne; Courbanton III; Chalon-sur-Sône (1893); Glizy; "ANS Find."

888. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Paris: (404b) 0.70 gr.

Find: Etampes.

889. Obv.:+CIATIAD-IIEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +IBAIOCASCIVTS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 405; Gariel XXVI, 46.

Paris: 1.53 gr. (Plate XXIX).

Find: Bligny; Vaux-de-Vire.

890. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +BAIOCASMCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLI, 38 (Gariel Coll.), XXVI, 46 (d'Estissac Coll., var., IBAIOCASCITAS.), 47 (Gariel Coll., var., +BAIOCASMCIVITAS.), 48 (Gariel Coll., var., +BAIOCAMSCIVITAS.).

Rousseau Coll., 386; Gariel Coll., 1141; Meyer Coll., 342; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 60; Hess Lucerne July 1933, 89.

Berlin: 1.61 gr.; ANS: 1.47 gr. (var. as Gariel 48).

Find: Bligny.

DEUX-JUMEUX

891. Obv.: +GRATIAD-REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +DVOSIEM-LLISMT. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 406 = Gariel XXIX, 101.

Meyer Coll., 254; Münz. u. Med. June 1951, 372; Kricheldorf May 1956, 345; Kress Oct. 1960, 1444; Forged dies exist. Cf. P. Grierson, ANS Cent. Publ., p. 313, 8.

Paris: 1.64 gr.; ANS: 1.56 gr. (Kress specimen).

892. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +DVOSIEMELLISMONT. Cross. Denarius.

Théry Coll., 446 (ex Meyer).

Find: Bourgneuf.

COUTANCES

893. Obv.: +CRATIAD –IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PCVSTANCIEN. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 407 = Gariel XXIX, 99.

Paris: 1.66 gr. (Plate XXIX).

894. Obv.:+CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: fCVSTENS ISON EN. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 951 = Gariel XXIX, 100.

Paris: 1.67 gr.

"CURTISASSONIEN"

895. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PCVRTISASONIEN. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 411; Gariel XXVIII, 94 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 125, 126.

Rousseau Coll., 394; Cahn Dec. 1932, 2249; Münzhandl. Basel Dec. 1935. 20, Kress Oct. 1960, 1477; Blaser-Frey June 1963, 12.

Paris: 1.69 gr., (413a) 1.40 gr.; Berlin: 1.48 gr., 1.52 gr.; ANS: 1.54 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.76 gr. (Plate XXIX), 1.32 gr., 1.35 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.66 gr.; Blunt: 1.52 gr.; BM: (38–7–10–1172-Cuerdale) 1.73 gr., (60–10–19–3) 1.68 gr.; Bodleian/Ashmolean; Copenhagen: (K. P. p. 106) 1.62 gr.; The Hague: (632) 1.60 gr.; Hermitage: 1.67 gr., 1.63 gr.; Nelson: (53.114.1868); Oslo: 1.31 gr., 1.67 gr., 1.71 gr., 1.72 gr.; Vatican: 1.12 gr. Find: Bligny; Etampes; Courbanton II; Courbanton III; Vaux-de-Vire; Glizy; Arras; Issy-TEvêque; Cuerdale; Öland; "ANS Find."

896. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Prou 412.

Paris: 0.85 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XXIX); ANS: 0.62 gr.; Hermitage: 0.66 gr.

Find: Etampes; "ANS Find."

897. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PCVRTISASONIEN. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 408, 409, 410; BMS 127.

Kress Oct. 1960, 1441; Kress Dec. 1961, 661.

Paris: 1.47 gr., 1.69 gr., 1.73 gr.; BM: (1908–10–11–256) 1.56 gr.; Brussels: 1.44 gr., 1.51 gr.; Grierson: 1.69 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.48 gr., 1.35 gr., 1.32 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17576) 1.60 gr.; Hermitage: 1.60 gr.; Munich.

898. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: PCVRTISASONIEN. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 413, 414.

Paris: 1.65 gr., 1.64 gr.; ANS: 1.45 gr.; Grierson: 1.46 gr. (var.).

899. Obv.:+CRATIAIO-IREX. Karolus mongram.

Rev..: imageCVRTISASimageNIEH. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 415.

Paris: 0.63 gr.; Copenhagen: (T1241) 0.56 gr.; Vienna : 1.51 gr.

900. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IRIIEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ICVRTISASONIEN. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXVIII, 96 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 934; Meyer Coll., 253; Théry Coll., 445 (ex Meyer).

Berlin: 0.69 gr.

901. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CVRTISONIENS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 416; Gariel XXVIII, 95 (Glizy find).

Paris: 1.52 gr.

Find: Glizy.

902. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CVRTISASNIEH++. Cross. Denarius.

ANS: 1.57 gr. (Plate XXIX); Stuttgart: (II U. 1951/247) 1.60 gr.

903. Obv.: +CRATAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CVRTISASimageNIEH+. Cross. Denarius.

Stuttgart: (2v8192) 1.45 gr.

MAYENNE

904. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +MEDENASVITCVS1. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 419 = Gariel XXX, 140.

Meyer Coll., 269.

Paris: 1.49 gr. (Plate XXIX).

LE MANS

905. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CINOimageMANISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 420, 421, 422; Gariel XXX, 129 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 128–133. Rousseau Coll., 391, 392, 464, 464bis, 465; Cahn April 1929, 23; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1289; Cahn 1934, 2250; Lockett Coll., 344; Kress Oct. 1960, 1451; 1452, 1453; Blaser-Frey June 1963, 15.

Paris: 1.67 gr., 1.66 gr., 1.73 gr., (419a) 1.75 gr., (419b) 1.75 gr., (420a) 1.65 gr., (420b) 1.40 gr., (423a) 1.75 gr., (423b) 1.70 gr., (425a) 1.75 gr., (427a) 1.20 gr.; Berlin: 1.55 gr., 1.76 gr., 1.79 gr. (Plate XXIX); ANS: 1.75 gr.; BM: (38–7–10–1168-Cuerdale) 1.77 gr., (38–7–10–1170–Cuerdale) 1.79 gr., (48–2–12–337E) 1.79 gr., (57–9–1–32–IGP) 1.76 gr., (1906–11–3–3179) 1.74 gr., (1908–10–11–257) 1.72 gr.; Brussels: 1.73 gr., 1.77 gr.; Copenhagen: (Bytteprot. p. 86) 1.76 gr.; Garrett: (6135) 1.77 gr.; Grierson: 1.70 gr., 1.69 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17577) 1.70 gr.; Hannover: (Inv. 1961...) 1.64 gr.; Hermitage: 1.42 gr., 1.79 gr.; Munich: 1.59 gr., 1.72 gr., 1.76 gr.; Nelson: (53.114.1869); Oslo: 1.76 gr., 1.80 gr., and one additional exemplar, unweighed; Van Rede: (B1255) 1.58 gr.; Vienna : 1.67 gr., 1.75 gr., 1.75 gr.

Find: Bourgneuf; Bligny; Etampes; Compiègne; Courbanton II; Courbanton III; Vaux-de-Vire; Arras; Chalon-sur-Saône (1893); Issy-l'Evêque; Bonnevaux; Evreux; Evreux (St-Taurin); Cuerdale; Savigné-sous-le-Lude; Bruères (?); Jaeren.

The presence of this type in the finds of Evreux, Cuerdale, Savigné-sous-le-Lude, and Bruères indicates that it was struck by Charles the Simple as well as by Charles the Bald.

906. Obv.: CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CINimageMANISCIVITAS. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Prou 423.

Paris: 1.28 gr.; Copenhagen: (Cuerdale find) 1.20 gr. (damaged).

Find: Cuerdale; Savigné-sous-le-Lude.

907. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CINimageMANISCIVI. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 424; Gariel XXX, 130 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 134.

Rousseau Coll., 393; Gariel Coll., 961; Meyer Coll., 267; Théry Coll., 457.

Paris: 0.83 gr.; Berlin: 0.76 gr., 0.91 gr. (Plate XXIX); Blunt: 0.82 gr.; BM: (38–7–10–1171-Cuerdale) 0.87 gr.

Find: Cuerdale.

908. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CINimageMANISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 425.

Cahn Sept. 1932, 1304.

Paris: 1.44 gr.; ANS: 1.68 gr. (Plate XXIX); Bodleian/Ashmolean (two exemplars); Stuttgart: (2V8507) 1.72 gr.

Find: Glizy; Savigné-sous-le-Lude.

909. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CINimageMAINSCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 426.

Hirsch Nov. 1958, 731.

Paris: 1.76 gr.; Blunt: 1.68 gr.; Hermitage: 1.66 gr.

Find: Cuerdale.

910. Obv.: +CRATIAD -IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CINimageIIAN1SCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 427; BMS 135–138.

Cahn Dec. 1922, 523, 1.80 gr.

Paris: 1.65 gr.; BM: (38–7–10–1169-Cuerdale) 1.67 gr., (SSB-127–53) 1.63 gr., (79–7–10–3) 1–50 gr., (1915–5–7–327. Morgan [Evans]) 1.74 gr. Find: Cuerdale.

911. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Temple.

Rev.: +CINimageMANISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 428; Gariel L, 36 (Gemain Coll.).

Paris: 1.25 gr.

ANGERS

912. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ANDEGVISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 429, 430, 431; BMS 139–141.

Paris: 1.72 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.63 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XXIX); ANS: 1.41 gr., 1.52 gr.; Bodleian/Ashmolean; BM: (38–7–10–1156–Cuerdale) 1.56 gr., (38–7–10–1155–Cuerdale) 1.72 gr., (54–3–23–2) 1.46 gr.; Brussels: 1.47 gr., 1.62 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 155) 1.55 gr.; Grierson: 1.50 gr.; Munich: 1.53 gr.; Oslo: 1.36 gr.

Find: Etampes; Glizy; Vaux-de-Vire; Saumur; Cuerdale; Evreux.

913. Obv.: +GRAimageTIAD-IOREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ANDEC'AVISCIVITAS'. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVI, 2 (Cuerdale find).

Find: Cuerdale.

TOURS

914. Obv.: Karolus monogram in field.

Rev.: +TVRONIS. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXIV, 83 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 860.

Berlin: 0.77 gr.

915. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +HTVRimageNESCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 449; BMS 142.

Rousseau Coll., 379, 380, 515; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 80; Helbing Dec. 1917, 11; Hamburger Sept. 1926, 12; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1300; Cahn 1934, 2255; Münzhandl. Basel Oct. 1936, 315.

Paris: 1.76 gr., (449a) 1.75 gr., (449b) 1.75 gr., (450a) 1.55 gr., (451a) 1.80 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XXX); ANS: 1.52 gr.; BM: (38–7–10–1185–Cuerdale fragment) 1.04 gr.

Find: Cuerdale; Savigné-sous-le-Lude.

916. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TVRimageNESCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 450, 451; Gariel XXXVI, 267 (Gariel Coll.).

Paris: 1.58 gr., 1.54 gr.; Berlin: 1.46 gr., 1.57 gr.; ANS: 1.57 gr

Blunt: 1.68 gr.; Copenhagen (T. 1253) 1.49 gr., (K. P. p. 146, var. +TVRONGSCIVITS) 1.77 gr. (Plate XXX); Grierson: 1.76 gr.; Hermitage: 1.56 gr.

Find: Nourray; Etampes; Courbanton II; Courbanton III; Glizy; Savigné-sous-le-Lude; Saumur (?); "ANS Find."

The presence of this type in the finds of Savigné-sous-le-Lude and Saumur indicates that is was struck by Charles the Simple as well as by Charles the Bald.

917. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TVRimageNESCI VITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 452; BMS 143.

Paris: 1.45 gr.; BM: (1908–10–11–265–Lincoln) 1.49 gr.; Brussels: 1.52 gr., 1.52 gr.

Find: Evreux; Savigné-sous-le-Lude.

918. Obv.: +GRAT!AD"IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TAIimageNESCLVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXVI, 268 (Gariel Coll.).

ST-MARTIN (TOURS)

919. Obv.: +CARLVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.:+SCIMARTINIMONETA. Temple. Denarius.

Copenhagen: (K. P. 1441) 1.22 gr.

920. Obv.: CARLVSREX. Temple.

Rev.: imageMARTINIMONETA. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Prou 441; Gariel XXI, 17 (Brussels), 18 (var., +SCIMARTINMO NETA). Gariel Coll., 805; Meyer Coll., 202; Bordeaux Coll., 349; Motte Coll., 132; Hess 1901, 1794.

Paris: 1.56 gr.; Berlin: 1.69 gr. (Plate XXX); ANS: 1.43 gr. (var. +SCIMATINIMONET); Brussels: 1.66 gr.; Garrett: (6136) 1.49 gr.; Grierson: 1.55 gr.; Vatican: 1.41 gr.

Find: Zelzate; Pilligerheck, 1.21 gr., 1.40 gr., 1.49 gr., 1.56 gr.

921. Obv.: CARLVSREX. Temple.

Rev.: imageSCIMARTINIMONITA. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Prou 442.

Paris: 1.37 gr.

CHINON

922. Obv.: +CRATI AD -REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+CINimageNISCIVIS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXVII, 70 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.40 gr.

Find: Nourray; Coudre (?).

BLOIS

923. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +BLESIANISCASTRimage . Cross. Denarius.

Prou 471, 472; BMS 144–147.

Paris: 1.70 gr., 1.71 gr., (472a) 1.70 gr., (473a) 1.65 gr., (473b) 1.75 gr., (475) 1–75 gr., (475a) 1.65 gr., (475b) 1.70 gr., (479b) 1.85 gr.; Berlin: 1.65 gr., 1.72 gr., 1.77 gr. (Plate XXX); ANS: 1.58 gr.; Blunt: 1.57 gr.; BM: (38–7–10–1161–Cuerdale) 1.64 gr., (38–7–10–1162–Cuerdale) 1.74 gr., (1908–10–11–254) 1.68 gr.; (1956–4–8–34) 1.65 gr.; Brussels: 1.78 gr.; Copenhagen: (Rollin 1652) 1.72 gr.; Stuttgart: (2V8427) 1.59 gr.; Van Rede : (B1250) 1.64 gr.

Find: Etampes; Courbanton III; Roches-Evéque; Savigné-sous-le-Lude; Bonnevaux; Evreux; Evreux (St-Taurin); Cuerdale.

924. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +BLESIANISCASTRimage . Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXVII, 53 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 0.54 gr.

Find: Roches-l'Evêque.

925. Obv.: ++GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +BESIAINSCASTSIimage . Cross. Denarius.

Prou 487 == Gariel XXVII, 52.

Hamburger Nov. 1912, 61; Hess April 1928, 2686; Cahn Sept. 1932, 1302; Hess Lucerne July 1933, 90; Kress Oct. 1960, 1432.

Paris: 1.69 gr.

926. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +BIESIANISCASTRimage . Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Prou 478 = Gariel XLIX, 14.

Hamburger Feb. 1928, 1802.

Paris: 1.55 gr.; ANS: 1.57 gr. (D-REX).

Find: Vaux-de-Vire; "ANS Find."

927. Obv.: +GRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: ++BIESIANISCASTRimage . Cross. Denarius.

Prou 479.

Cahn Oct. 1929, 901.

Paris: 1.75 gr.; Brussels: 1.73 gr.

Find: Courbanton II; Arras.

928. Ohv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +BIESIANISCASTRimage . Cross. Denarius.

Prou 473, 474, 475.

Rousseau Coll., 466; Helbing April 1913, 1821; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1285.

Paris: 1.55 gr., 1.71 gr., 1.55 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XXX); ANS: 1.39 gr.; Grierson: 1.71 gr., 1.75 gr.; Hermitage: 1.61 gr.; Van Rede : (B1249) 1.48 gr.

Find: Courbanton II; Savigné-sous-le-Lude.

The presence of this type in the find of Savigné-sous-le-Lude indicates that it was struck by Charles the Simple as well as by Charles the Bald.

929. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +BimageESIANISCASTRimage . Cross. Obolus.

Prou 476; Gariel XLIX, 15 (Evreux find).

Gariel Coll., 905, 1208; Meyer Coll., 241; Cahn March 1926, 42.

Paris: 0.61 gr.; ANS: 0.87 gr. (Plate XXX).

Find: Courbanton II; Evreux (St-Taurin).

930. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +HBLESIANISCASTRimage . Cross. Denarius.

Prou 477.

Paris: 1.49 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1235 var.) 1.74 gr. (damaged).

CHARTRES

931. Obv.: +CARLVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +CARHOTIS. City gate. Denarius.

Gariel XXI, 5 (sketch from Barthélemy).

ANS: 1.08 gr. (damaged) (Plate XXX).

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.56 gr.

932. Obv.: +CARLVSREXF°. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: CARNOTISCIVITAS. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 490; Gariel XXI, 4 (var., +CARLVSREXFR).

Gariel Coll., 797.

Paris: 1.43 gr.; Berlin: 1.39 gr. (Plate XXX); The Hague: (Inv. 17584) 1.10 gr. (CARLVSREXFR) .

Find: Midlaren; Etréchy.

933. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CARNimageTISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXVII, 71, XXVIII, 73 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 388, 389; Kress Oct. 1960, 1436.

Berlin: 1.41 gr., 1.57 gr.; ANS: 1.47 gr., 1 67 gr.; Holmes: 1.67 gr.

Find: Etampes; Compiégne; Courbanton II; Courbanton III; Glizy; Evreux; "ANS Find"

934. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Prou 496; Gariel XXVIII, 74 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 92; Meyer Coll., 246; Bordeaux Coll., 252.

Paris: 0.70 gr.

935. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CARHOTISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 491, 493, 494, 495; BMS. 148, 149.

Cahn Dec. 1932, 1286; Cahn 1934, 2248; Münzhandl. Basel Oct. 1936, 311.

Paris: 1.81 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.75 gr.; ANS: 1.57 gr., 1.69 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XXX); Copenhagen: (K. P. p. 140) 1.35 gr.; BM: (38–7–10–1167–Cuerdale) 1.76 gr., (SSB–127–53) 1.70 gr.; Grierson: 1.30 gr. (damaged); Hermitage: 1.70 gr.; Van Rede : (B1253) 1.64 gr. Find: Cuerdale; "ANS Find."

936. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CARHOTISCIVITA. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 492; Gariel XXVII, 72 (Glizy find).

Paris: 1.71 gr.; Berlin: 1.76 gr. (Plate XXX); Copenhagen: (T. 1238, var.) 1.42 gr.; Grierson: 1.74 gr. (var.); Vienna : 1.70 gr.

Find: Glizy; Arras; Evreux.

The presence of this type in the finds of Evreux and Cuerdale indicates that this type was struck by Charles the Simple as well as by Charles the Bald.

937. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CARNimageTISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 498.

Paris: 1.53 gr.; ANS: 1.51 gr.; Hermitage: 1.72 gr.

Find: Vaux-de-Vire; "ANS Find."

938. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CARNimageTISCIIVITA. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 499.

Paris: 1.57 gr.; Brussels: 1.56 gr.

CHATEAUDUN

939. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +DVИimageCAimageTISUimageI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel L, 26 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1213.

ANS: 1.35 gr.

940. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +DVNISCASTLLimage . Cross. Denarius.

Prou 502.

Paris: 1.55 gr.

941. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +DVNOCASTERimage . Cross. Obolus.

Prou 501; Gariel XXVIII, 77 (Gariel Coll.).

Paris: 0.67 gr.

942. Obv.: +GR AT I AD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +DVN ISCASTELimageI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXVIII, 75 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 422; Meyer Coll., 247; Kress Oct. 1960, 1438.

Berlin: 1.34 gr. (Plate XXX); ANS: 1.41 gr., 1.46 gr. Find: Evreux (St. Taurin).

943. Obv.: +GR AT I AD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +DVNISCASTELLimageI. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 503; Gariel XXVIII, 76 (Gariel Coll.).

Paris: 0.76 gr. (Plate XXX).

Find: Courbanton II; Courbanton III.

ORLÉANS

944. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: AVRELIANIS. City gate with •+• beneath. Denarius.

Prou 508–512; Gariel XXI, 11 (Achlum find); BMS 150.

Gariel Coll., 802; Meyer Coll., 198; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1274; Kress Oct. 1960, 1463.

Paris: 1.21 gr., 1.52 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.69 gr., 1.36 gr.; Berlin: 1.50 gr.; ANS: 1.19 gr. (damaged); Assen Museum: (M1872–1) 1.44 gr., (M1872–25f) 1.48 gr.; BM: (1917–12–5–41. L. A. Lawrence pres.) 1.24 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 109) 1.12 gr. (var., with only + beneath the gate), 1.59 gr. (Plate XXX, slightly enlarged); Copenhagen: (K. P. 727) 1.70 gr.; Grierson: 1.58 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.37 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17588) 1.05 gr., (Inv. 17589) 1.12 gr. (var., with one dot at each side of the gate, and a third dot in the center of the gate), (Inv. 17587) 1.52 gr., (Inv. 17590) 1.60 gr.; Yale: 1.56 gr.

Find: Oudwoude, 1.36 gr.; Achlum; Cosne; Wagenbogen; Pilligerheck, 1.45 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.65 gr.; Emmen; Etréchy; Marsum.

945. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +AVRELIANIS. Temple.

Prou 514; Gariel XXI, 9 (Gariel Coll.). Prou 513 and Gariel XXI, 10 (Gariel Coll.) vary in the elongated cross atop the temple and in the exaggerated initial X of the rev. inscription (XAVRELIANIS) .

Cahn April.1912, 13; Riechman Nov. 1924, 30; Schulman 1931, 105; Kress Oct. 1.960, 1462:

Paris: 1.71 gr., 1.55 gr.; Berlin: 1.59 gr., 1.61 gr. (Plate XXX); ANS: 1.35 gr.; Assen Museum: (M1872–1b) 1.34 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. no) 1.45 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 1441) 1.25 gr.

Find: Zelzate; Ide 1.66 gr.; Pilligerheck, 1.27 gr., 1.34 gr., 1.44 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.66 gr., 1.70 gr.; Emmen; Rahlingen; Chamoux-Marcilly, 1–45 gr.

946. Obv.: +CARLVSRE+bR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+ AVRELIANIS. Gross. Denarius.

The Hague: (Inv. 17585) 1.60 gr.

947. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AVREUANISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXI, 165 (Gariel Coll.).

Alfred R. Bellinger: 1.76 gr. (Plate XXXI); Stuttgart: (2V8427) 1.37 gr. (var. +AVRRELIIISCIVI-AS), (2V8193) 1.70 gr.

948. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AVRELIANISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 516–518; Prou 515 = Gariel XXXI, 164; BMS 151, 152.

Rousseau Coll., 384, 461, 462; Helbing Dec. 1917, 9; Riechman Nov. 1924, 29; Cahn Oct. 1929, 902; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1292; Cahn Dec. 1935, 23; Kress Oct. 1960, 1461; Blaser-Frey June 1963, 17.

Paris: 1.84 gr., 1.75 gr., 1.67 gr., 1.75 gr., (514a) 1.70 gr., (515a) 1.75 gr., (517a) 1.70 gr., (517b) 1.75 gr., (517c) 1.80 gr., (521a) 1.70 gr., (521b-h) 1.55 gr., 1.75 gr., 1.75 gr., 1.70 gr., 1.80 gr., 1.65 gr.; Berlin: 1.49 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.72 gr.; ANS: 1.65 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.80 gr., 1.81 gr., 1.81 gr. (AVRELIAINS) ; Blunt: 1.78 gr.; Bodleian/Ashmolean; BM: (60–10–19–13) 1.74 gr., (38–7–10–1159-Cuerdale) 1.80 gr., (38–7–10–1160-Cuerdale) 1.24 gr.,; Copenhagen: (T. 1233) 1.40 gr., (Rollin, 1852) 1.77 gr., (T. 1232) 1.78 gr.; Grierson: 1.79 gr., 1.78 gr., 1.76 gr., 1.22 gr. (damaged); The Hague: (Inv. 17586) 1.10 gr., (631) 1.70 gr.; Hermitage: 1.49 gr., 1.67 gr.; Munich: 1.75 gr., 1.84 gr.; Nelson: (53.114.1854); Oslo: 1.59 gr.; Van Rede : (B1263) 1.82 gr.; Vienna : 1–57 gr.

Find: Bligny; Nourray; Etampes; Courbanton II; Courbanton III; Chalon-sur-Saône (1893); Glizy; Arras; Roches-l'Evêque; Savigné-sousle-Lude; Evreux; Evreux (St-Taurin); Saumur; Cuerdale; "ANS Find." The presence of this type in the last six of the above named finds indicates that it was struck by Charles the Simple as well as by Charles the Bald.

949. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX (retrograde). Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+AVRELIANISCIVITS. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 519, 520 (var., obv. legend not retrograde); Gariel XXXI, 166 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 153.

Schulman Pricelist 1931, 125 ; Kress Oct. 1960, 1463 a.

Paris: 0.88 gr., 0.92 gr.; Berlin: 0.79 gr. (Plate XXX); ANS: 0.73 gr., (var., obv. inscription retrograde and inverted), 0.72 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 928) 0.57 gr. (var. +AVRELIANISCI); Grierson: 0.85 gr. (var.). Find: Glizy; "ANS Find."

950. Obv.: +GRAIT-AD-IREX (retrograde). Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AVRELIANISCIVITS. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXXI, 167 (Gariel Coll.).

CHATEAU-LANDON

951. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CASTISNANDONIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 531–534; Gariel XXVIII, 80 (Gariel Coll.).

Ménz. u. Med. June 1951, 370; Kricheldorf May 1956, 3343; Kress Oct. 1960, 1439; Théry Coll., 441.

Paris: 1.85 gr., 1.84 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.36 gr.; Berlin: 1.41 gr., 1.67 gr., 1.78 gr. (PLATE XXXI); ANS: 1.79 gr.

Find: Etampes; Compiégne; Courbanton III; Glizy; Arras.

952. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +I-CASTISИAИDimageИ. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 535.

Paris: 1.74 gr.

953. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CASTISNANDOIS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXVIII, 79 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 923.

TROYES

954. Obv.: +CRATIAD-REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TRECASCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 543; Gariel XXXVI 271 (Gariel Coll.).

Théry Coll., 495.

Paris: 1.83 gr.; ANS: 1.75 gr.; Grierson: 1.55 gr. (var.).

Find: Bourgneuf; Bligny; Compiégne; Chalon-sur-Saéne (1893); Glizy; Kamien Pomorski.

955. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREIX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: TRECASCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 544.

Paris: 1.47 gr.

956. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TRECASCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 547.

Paris: 1.34 gr.; ANS: 1.68 gr., 1.77 gr.

Find: "ANS Find."

957. Obv.: +:CPATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CIVITASTPECAS. Cross, with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Prou 546 == Gariel XXXVI, 272.

Paris: 1.82 gr. (PLATE XXXI); Berlin: 1.68 gr., 1.68 gr.

Find: Bourgneuf; Courbanton III.

BAR-SUR-AUBE

958. Obv.: +GR AT I AD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +BARRISIICA. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 551 = Gariel XXVI, 41.

Paris: 1.70 gr. (Plate XXXI); Berlin: 1.44 gr.

959. Obv.: +GR AT I AD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +BARRISIICASTEL. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 552 = Gariel XXVI, 34.

Paris: 1.50 gr. (Plate XXXI).

960. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+BARRISCASTER. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 561; Gariel XXVI, 42 (Gariel Coll.).

Paris: 1.69 gr.

961. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +I-BARimageCASTELI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 559; Gariel XXVI, 43.

Paris: 1.37 gr.

962. Obv.: +CRATIADEISREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+ +l-BARimageCASTELI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 560; Gariel XXVI, 32.

Paris: 1.56 gr.

963. Obv.: ++CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +1-BARimage.CASTEL. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXVI, 36 (d'Estissac Coll.).

Théry Coll., 430.

Find: Bligny.

964. Obv.: +CRATIAD-RE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +1-BARimageCASTE. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXVI, 30 (d'Estissac Coll.).

ANS: 1.55 gr. (Plate XXXI).

Find: Bligny.

965. Obv.: +CRACIAD.. .REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +HBARCASTELS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 562; Gariel XXVI, 29 (Glizy find).

Gariel Coll., 894; Théry Coll., 429.

Paris: 1.30 gr.

Find: Glizy.

966. Obv.: +SVPINIRYBREX. Cross.

Rev.: +HBARCASTEL. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Prou 563.

Paris: 0.64 gr. (Plate XXXI).

967. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREIX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CASTELEJARSI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 553 = Gariel XXVI, 44.

Paris: 1.64 gr. (Plate XXXI).

968. Obv.: +CPATIAD-PEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CASTLBARISI. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Prou 558; Gariel XXVI, 31 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 895.

Paris: 1.81 gr.; Berlin: 1.51 gr.

969. Obv.: +CRATIADEISSEX. Karolus monogram. .

Rev.: + I –CASTELIBARIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 556, 457; Gariel XXVI, 39 (Meyer Coll., ex d'Estissac Coll.), 40. Meyer Coll., 238.

Paris: 1.34 gr., 1.43 gr.

Find: Bligny.

970. Obv.: +CRATIADEIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+ l-CAs.STEL:.IBA:.RS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 554; Gariel XXVI, 38 (d'Estissac Coll.).

Paris: 1.37 gr.

Find: Bligny.

971. Obv.: +CRATIADEISREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CA:.STEL:. IBAs.RIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 555; Gariel XXVI, 37 (var., +1 -CA:.STELs. 1BA:. RIS).

Paris: 1.50 gr.

Find: Bligny.

972. Obv.: +CRATIAN-REX. Karolus monogram,

Rev.:+CASTBARR IS I. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXVI, 33 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 896.

Berlin: 0.77 gr.

Find: Bligny; Compiégne (?).

973. Obv.: +CRATJAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CASTLBARISI. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Find: Bourgneuf.

974. Obv.: +CRATIADREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CASTBARRISI. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXVI, 35 (d'Estissac Coll.).

LEMONT LASSOIS

975. Obv.: +CRATIAD-REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CASTELLATS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 564.

Kress Nov. 1966, 1471.

Paris: 1.53 gr. (Plate XXXI).

976. Obv.: +CR AT I AD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+LATISIOCASTE. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXIX, 120 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 951.

Berlin: 1.59 gr. (Plate XXXI); ANS: 1.59 gr. (LATISIICASTEI) .

Find: "ANS Find."

977. Obv.: +CRATIAD-REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CASTRELATSS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXX, 121 (Gariel Coll.), 123 (d'Estissac Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 952; Meyer Coll., 262; Schulman June 1939, 484; Kricheldorf May 1956, 346; Kress Oct. 1960, 1448a.

Paris: (564a) 1.50 gr.; ANS: 1.59 gr. (CASTERLATTS) , 1.50 gr., 1.56 gr. Find: Bligny; "ANS Find."

978. Obv.: +CRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CASTRELATSIS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXX, 122 (Gariel Coll.).

Théry Coll., 453 (ex Bordeaux, 259).

Berlin: 1.68 gr. (Plate XXXI).

Find: Bourgneuf; Compiégne (?); Arras.

979. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +LATISIOCASTE. Cross. Denarius.

Find: Arras.

SENS

980. Obv.: +TEMPVSCARLVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: SENONESCIVITAS. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 571, 572; Gariel XXI, 21.

Meyer Coll., 204; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1275; Kricheldorf June 1961, 330. ANS: 1.74 gr.

Find: "ANS Find."

981. Obv.: +CAROLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.:SENONESCIVlTAS. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 573 = Gariel XXI, 19.

Hess April 1928, 3691; Gans-Grunthal June 1950, 171; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1957, 686; 1.57 gr.; Théry Coll., 488.

Paris: 1.64 gr.; ANS: 1.57 gr.; The Hague: 0.79 gr. (fragment).

Find: Wagenbogen.

982. Obv.: ++CARLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: SENONESCIVITAS. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 574, 575; Gariel XXI, 20 (Gariel Coll., var. +CARLVSREXFR+).

Paris: 1.44 gr., 1.66 gr. (Plate XXXI); Berlin: 1.40 gr., 1.50 gr.; Grierson: 1.61 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17591) 1.00 gr., (Inv. 17593) 1.10 gr., (Inv. 17592) 1.13 gr., 1.17 gr. (fragment).

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.39 gr., 1.45 gr., 1.49 gr., 1.58 gr., Midlaren, 1.10 gr.; Wagenbogen.

983. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +SENONESCIVITA. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 576; Gariel XIII, 213 (Voillemier Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 127.

Paris: 1.66 gr.; Berlin: 1.61 gr. (Plate XXXI); Hermitage: 1.60 gr.

Find: Zelzate, 1.36 gr., 1.45 gr., 1.57 gr.

984. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SENONESCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 577, 578; BMS 154.

Paris: 1.63 gr., 1.67 gr.; ANS: 1.62 gr., 1.77 gr.; BM: (38–7–10–1183–Cuerdale) 1.74 gr., Grierson: 1.73 gr.

Find: Bourgneuf, 1.70 gr., 1.80 gr.; Bligny; Etampes; Compiegne (?); Courbanton III; Glizy; Arras; Bonnevaux; "ANS Find."

985. Obv.: +CRATAID-IREIX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SENONESCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 580.

Paris: 1.72 gr.

986. Obv.: +GRATAϽ-IREIX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SENONESCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 579; Gariel XXXV, 243 (d'Estissac Coll.), 244 (Gariel Coll., var.). Gariel Coll., 1035; Meyer Coll., 304; Blaser-Frey June 1963, 29.

Paris: 1.47 gr.; Berlin: 1.48 gr., 1.63 gr., 1.78 gr. (Plate XXXII); ANS: 1.72 gr. (Blaser-Frey specimen), 1.65 gr. (GRATIAD); Copenhagen: (K. P. 727) 1.74 gr., (var. +SENONISCIVIIS).

Find: Arras; "ANS Find."

986. Obv.: +CTAD-IREIX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SENONISCVITAS. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXXV, 246 (Poey d'Avant, no. 5903).

986 . Obv.: +GRATIAPIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SENONESCIVITAS. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXXV, 245 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1036; Meyer Coll., 305.

Berlin: 0.94 gr. (Plate XXXII).

Find: Compiègne (?); Glizy.

AUXERRE

987. Obv.: +CAROLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: AVTISIODEROCIVI (retrograde). Temple. Denarius.

Prou 582, 583 (var., rev. inscription not retrograde, and obv. inscription reads+CAROLVSREAFR).

Bordeaux Coll., 194; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1273.

Paris: 1.63 gr., 1.46 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XXXII); ANS: 1.49 gr.; Assen Museum: (M1870-ra) 1.54 gr.

Find: Cosne (?); Midlaren; Gronigen (1890); Roswinkel, 1.55 gr.

988. Obv.: +CAROLVSREA+R. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: AVTISIODIROCA (retrograde). Temple. Denarius.

Grierson: 1.59 gr.

989. Obv.: +CAROLVSREAFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: AVTISIODIROCIVI. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel XXI, 1 (Gariel Coll.).

Lockett Coll., 341.

990. Obv.: +CAROLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: AVTISIODEROIIV (retrograde). Temple. Denarius.

Gariel XXI, 2 (Gariel Coll.).

991. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AVTIEICIVITVS (retrograde). Cross. Denarius.

Prou 589 = Gariel XXV, 24.

Paris: 1.68 gr.

992. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: ATISIODIROIVITS. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Gariel XXVI, 25 (Glizy find).

Gariel Coll., 889.

Berlin: 0.79 gr. (Plate XXXII).

Find: Glizy

993. Obv.: +CRATIAD-REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AVTISI+DEROCI. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXVI, 26 (Fillon, Lettres é Dugast Matifeux, p. 128).

994. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AVTISIODIROCIVITVS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 588.

Paris: 1.77 gr.; Berlin (Plate XXXII).

995. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AVTISIOCERCI. Cross. Denarius.

Find: Chateauneuf-sur-Cher.

996. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AVTISIODERimageCVTAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXV, 21 (Gariel Coll.).

997. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AVTISIODERCIVS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXV, 22 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 886.

Berlin: 1.55 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.70 gr. (Plate XXXII).

998. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AVTISIimageDERCIVIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 584, 585 (var., +AVTISIODERCIVIS).

Paris: 1.58 gr., 1.69 gr. (Plate XXXII); Grierson: 1.78 gr. (var.).

Find: Courbanton II; Courbanton III; Glizy; Arras.

999. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AVTISIimageDERimageCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 586 (Cf. Gariel XXV, 20, var. +AVTISIimageDIIimageCIVITAS. Cabinet de France, but not in Prou.)

Gariel Coll., 884; Schulman Oct. 1913, 380; Théry Coll., 426; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1964, 14.

Paris: 1.79 gr. (Plate XXXII).

Find: Bourgneuf; Courbanton III; Glizy.

1000. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + AVITSODIROCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 587 = Gariel XXV, 23.

Paris: 1.72 gr. (Plate XXXII); Berlin: 1.77 gr.

1001. Obv.: + GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+ ALTIEICIVITVS (retrograde). Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXV, 24.

NEVERS

1002. Obv.: +CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +NEVERNISCVITAI. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 595.

Paris: 1.67 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XXXII); Brussels: 1.63 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 1296) 1.69 gr.

1003. Obv.: +CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +NEVERNISCIVITAL Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XXIII, 63 (Gariel Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 350; Schulman Oct. 1913, 377.

Berlin: 1.72 gr.

Find: Courbanton III.

1004. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Find: Moulin-Gargot, 0.83 gr.

1005. Obv.: +CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +NEVERNISCVS. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Gariel LI, 51.

1006. Obv.: +CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +image BAERimageISCVimage +. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Gariel XXIII, 64 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 842.

1007. Obv.: + GRATIAD-IPEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + NEVERNISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 593, 594; Gariel XXXI, 161 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 155.

Gariel Coll., 976; Meyer Coll., 277.

Paris: 1.70 gr., 1.72 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XXXII); ANS: 1.59 gr., 1.55 gr.; BM: (38–7–10–1177–Cuerdale, fragment) 1.67 gr.; Brussels: 1.66 gr. Find: Nourray; Courbanton III; Glizy; Cuerdale; "ANS Find."

1008. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: NEVERNISCIVIS. Cross. Obolus.

Stuttgart: (IIU. 1950/9) 0.87 gr.

AUTUN

1009. Obv.: GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: OSTEVNISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 599; Gariel XXV, 18 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 882; Meyer Coll., 235.

Paris: 1.74 gr.; Berlin: 1.76 gr. (Plate XXXII).

Find: Compiegne; Glizy.

1010. Obv.: + GR.OA.CIA.DEI.RX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+ OSTEVNISCIV. IS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXV, 19 (Arras find).

Gariel Coll., 883.

Berlin: 1.53 gr.

Find: Arras.

ST-ANDOCHE (AUTUN)

1011. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + S-CIAIID-TM-NT. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 600, 601 = Gariel XXXIII, 215.

Paris: 1.64 gr., 1.70 gr.

1012. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + S-CAID-TM-NT. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 602.

Paris: 1.59 gr.

1013. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + S-CIAIID-TIIM-NT. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXIII, 216 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1015; Meyer Coll., 375; Théry Coll., 477.

Berlin: 1.68 gr. (Plate XXXII).

ST-NAZAR (AUTUN)

1014. Obv.: + CAATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + SCINĀZĀRIMimageNEĀ. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXIV, 229 (RN 1847, p. 300).

AVALLON

1015. Obv.: + GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + CASTI2AVALONIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 604; Gariel XXVI, 27 (Gariel Coll., var.).

Gariel Coll., 890–893; Meyer Coll., 237; Théry Coll., 427 (Meyer specimen) .

Paris: 1.74 gr.; Berlin: 1.51 gr. (var.), 1.52 gr., 1.62 gr., (var.) (Plate XXXII).

Find: Bourgneuf; Glizy; Arras.

1016. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + CASTISAVALONS (retrograde). Cross. Denarius.

Prou 606 = Gariel XXVI, 28; Théry Coll., 428.

Paris: 1.62 gr. Berlin: (Plate XXXIII).

Find: Courbanton II; Courbanton III.

1017. Obv.: + CRATIAD-I REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + CAimageTIimageAVVIOИimage . Cross. Denarius.

Prou 605.

Paris: 1.65 gr. (Plate XXXIII).

1018. Obv.: + GRATIAR –IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + CASTISAVAIOI. Cross. Denarius.

Find: Arras.

LANGRES

1019. Obv.: + GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + UNGONISCIAIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 607.

Paris: 1.53 gr.

1020. Obv.: + CIATIAD-PIEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + LINGONISCIVIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 608.

Théry Coll., 454.

Paris: 1.40 gr. (Plate XXXIII); ANS: 1.50 gr.

Find: Arras.

1021. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+LINGONISCIVI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel L, 30 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1214.

Berlin: 1.49 gr.

Find: Bourgneuf (var.); Chalon-sur-Saone (1893); Langres.

1022. Obv.: + GRACIĀD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + LINGONISCIVI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 609; Gariel XXX, 124 (Gariel Coll., var.).

Gariel Coll., 954; Meyer Coll., 263, 349; Cahn 1934, 2251.

Paris: 1.58 gr.; Berlin: 1.79 gr.

DIJON

1023. Obv.: + CRATIAD-REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+ DIVIIimageNISCASTRE. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXIX, 103 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 938; Meyer Coll., 256; Schulman 1931, 120; Théry Coll., 1963, 447 (ex Meyer Coll.).

Berlin: 1.38 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1243) 1.43 gr. (Plate XXXIII).

Find: Chalon-sur-Saône (1956); Bourgneuf; Bligny; Chalon-sur-Saône (1893); Arras.

1024. Obv.: + DATIAD-IREX: Karolus monogram.

Rev.:DIVIONICASTRE. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXIX, 104 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 939; Bordeaux Coll., 255.

Berlin: 1.57 gr. (Plate XXXIII).

1025. Obv.: + CRATIAD-REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + CIVIONISCIVIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 613.

Paris: 1.73 gr.; ANS: 1.66 gr. with rev. 1024.

Find: Courbanton III.

1026. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + CIVIimageNICASTRE. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 614.

Paris: 1.29 gr.

1027. Obv.: + CRATIAI-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + DIVIIimageICASTIRE. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 615; Gariel XXIX, 105 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 940.

Paris: 1.16 gr.

TONNERRE

1028. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + TORNODOROASTEI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXV, 260 (Gariel Coll.).

1029. Obv.: + CRATIIAD'imageRER. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + TORIIAIIDORIT. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXVI, 265 (Gariel Coll.).

Find: Arras.

1030. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + TORNOimageROCVSIRO. Cross. Denarius.

Théry Coll., 492.

Find: Bourgneuf, 1.62 gr., 1.80 gr.

1031. Obv.: + CPATIAD-IPEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + TimageRMETREMSI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 616.

Paris: 1.60 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XXXIII); Copenhagen: (K. P. 848) 1.52 gr. (var. + TimageRNETERMSI).

1032. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TORNODORCASTEL. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXV, 260 (RN 1861, p. 368, pl. XVI, 2).

Berlin: 1.71 gr. (PLATE XXXIII).

CHALON-SUR-SAôNE

1033. Obv.: +CARTVimageREX. Cross.

Rev.: +CAVILONIC. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Find: Vereb.

1034. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + CAVILimageNISCIVIS:. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXVII, 67 (Gariel Coll.), 70 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 913, 917.

Berlin: 1.54 gr.

Find: Chalon-sur-Saône (1956); Bourgneuf, 1.20 gr., 1.80 gr.; Arras; Chalon-sur-Saône (1893).

1035. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + CAVIIONISCIVIS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXVII, 68 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.55 gr. (Plate XXXIII); ANS: 1.64 gr. (...D-REX; CAVNONISCIVIS).

Find: "ANS Find."

1036. Obv.: + CRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + CAVILONISCIVI. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXVII, 69 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 915.

Berlin: 0.62 gr. (Plate XXXIII).

LYON

1037. Obv.: + CAR0... Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + LVCDVNICIVIS. Cross. Obolus.

Stuttgart: (2V8468) 0.82 gr.

1038. Obv.: + GRATIADEIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + LVGDVNICIVIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 633; Gariel XXX, 134 (var. + CRATIADEIDEX; no location).

Paris: 1.90 gr.; Berlin: 1.36 gr. (Plate XXXIII).

1039. Obv.: + GRATIAD-. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + LVCDVNICIV. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LIV, 27 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.26 gr.

BESANQON

1040. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + BESENCIONECIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 647.

Paris: 1.75 gr. (Plate XXXIII).

Find: Bourgneuf, 1.80 gr.; Alésia.

1041. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + BESENCIONICIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 648 = Gariel XXVII, 51.

Paris: 1.67 gr.

Brittany

RENNES

1042. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IRIX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + VRBSREDONIS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXIII, 201 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 0.73 gr.

1043. Obv.: + CRATIIID-IRE+. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + REDONSCVT.S. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LI, 67 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1232; Meyer Coll., 413.

1044. Obv.: + GRATIAD-IRE+. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + REDONSCIVTA. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LI, 68 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1233.

Berlin: 1.11 gr., 1.29 gr.

1045. Obv.: + GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + HR'EDimageNISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 651, 652 (var.); Gariel XXXIII, 199 (Bigot Coll.); BMS 156. Rousseau Coll., 401; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 75; Cahn Dec. 1922, 522, 1.10 gr.; Hamburger Sept. 1926, 10; Cahn April 1929, 35; Cahn Sept. 1932, 1307 Ménzhandl. Basel Dec. 1935, 22 > Kress Oct. 1960, 1476.

Paris: 1.63 gr., 1.69 gr.; Berlin: 1.63 gr.; ANS: 1.29 gr., 1.34 gr., 1.60 gr.; Alfred B. Bellinger: 1.54 gr. (Plate XXXIII); BM: (1932–5–7–1, fragment) 1.50 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 117) 1.53 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.83 gr.; Copenhagen: (T.1249) 1.00 gr., (K. P. 828) 1.25 gr.; Grierson: 1.47 gr., 1.24 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 1934, no. 322 ) 1 60 gr.; Hermitage: 1.53 gr., 1.16 gr.; Munich: 1.64 gr.; Stuttgart: (2V8089) 1.50 gr.; Van Rede : (B1267) 1.55 gr.

Find: Zelzate; Chalon-sur-Saone (1956); Bourgneuf; Chalon-sur-Saone (1893); Glizy; Arras; Bonnevaux; "ANS Find."

1046. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel XXXIII, 200 (Gariel Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 289.

Berlin: 0.72 gr. (Plate XXXIII).

NANTES

1047. Obv.: + GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + NAMNETISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 654; Gariel XXXI, 156 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 157.

Gariel Coll., 972; Meyer Coll., 275; Bordeaux Coll., 264.

Paris: 1.82 gr.; Berlin: 1.63 gr. (Plate XXXIII); BM: (38–7–10–1176–Cuerdale) 1.60 gr.

Find: Compiègne; Etampes; Courbanton III; Arras; Cuerdale.

1048. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel XXXI, 157 (Fillon, Lettres à Dugast Matifeux, p. 128).

Aquitaine

1049. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: AQVI/TANIA. Obolus.

Prou 668; Gariel XXII, 31 (Gariel Coll., var.); BMS 158.

Gariel Coll., 820.

Paris: 0.78 gr.; Berlin: 0.69 gr.; BM: (SSB-135–100) 0.82 gr.

1050. Obv.: + CARLVSREXP. Cross.

Rev.: A:QVI/./TANIV. Obolus.

Prou 669 = Gariel XXII, 29.

Paris: 0.70 gr.

Find: Fontaines.

1051. Obv: + CARLVSEXR. Cross.

Rev.: AQV1/TAIIIA. Obolus.

Prou 670.

Paris: 0.65 gr.

1052. Obv.: + CARLVS... Cross.

Rev.: AQVI/TANIA. Obolus.

Prou 671.

Paris: 0.66 gr.; Vienna : 0.55 gr.

1053. Obv.: + CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: AQVI/TANIA. Obolus.

Prou 672, 674; Gariel XXII, 30 (Gariel Coll.).

Schulman 1931, 106; Meyer Coll., 206.

Paris: 0.60 gr., 0.69 gr.; Berlin: 0.64 gr., 0.70 gr., 0.72 gr.; ANS: 0.68 gr. (Plate XXXIII); Brussels: 0.84 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 152) 0.55 gr.; The Hague: (608) 0.50 gr.

Find: Chamoux-Marcilly, (var.) 0.53 gr., 0.63 gr., 0.65 gr., 0.72 gr.; Muizon-lez-Malines; 0.78 gr., 0.79 gr., Etréchy.

1054. Obv.: + KARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: AQVI/TAHIA. Obolus.

Prou 673.

Paris: 0.75 gr,; Grierson: 0.62 gr.

1055. Obv.: + HKAROLVSRE. Cross.

Rev.: AQVI/TAHIA. Obolus.

Gariel XXII, 28 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 412; Gariel Coll., 818.

Berlin: 0.60 gr., 0.79 gr.

MELLE

1056. Obv.: + CARLVSRXFR. Cross.

Rev.: META/•/LLVM. Denarius.

Prou 726, 727 (var.); Gariel XXIII, 60 (Melle find).

Meyer Coll., 404; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1327; Lockett Coll., 363; Théry Coll., 462.

Paris: 1.49 gr., 1.58 gr.; Berlin: 1.65 gr. (Plate XXXIV); Copenhagen: (Rollin, Kjobepr. p. 69) 1.24 gr., (K. P. p. 124) 1.58 gr.

Find: Brioux.

1057. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel XXIII, 61 (Melle find).

Meyer Coll., 405.

Berlin: 0.89 gr.; Copenhagen: (T.1202) 0.35 gr., (T.1203) 0.56 gr. Find: Brioux; Chateauneuf-sur-Cher.

1058. Obv.: + CAR/LAS.

Rev.: + METVLLO. Cross. Denarius.

Rousseau Coll., 507; genuine (?).

1059. Obv.: CARLVSREXFRANCimage . Temple.

Rev.: + METVLLO. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius. Gariel XXI, 8 (Fillon, Lettres d Dugast-Matifeux).

1060. Obv.: Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + METVLLO. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 703, 704, 705; Gariel XXIV, 76 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 159, 160. Rousseau Coll., 318; Cahn Dec. 1922, 524, 0.50 gr.; Cahn March 1926, 27, 0.80 gr.; Cahn Oct. 1929, 891, 0.82 gr.; 903, 0.65 gr.; Kress Oct. 1960, 1459.

Paris: 0.84 gr., 0.81 gr., 0.80 gr., (705a) 0.75 gr.; Berlin: 0.81 gr., 0.83 gr. (PLATE XXXIV); BM: (SSB-127–77) 0.70 gr., (1908–10–11–263) 0.60 gr.; Brussels: 0.66 gr., 0.72 gr., 0.76 gr., 0.78 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 1296) 0.81 gr.; Grierson: 0.65 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17676) 0.40 gr., (629) 0.45 gr., (Inv. 17616) 0.45 gr., (Inv. 17603) 0.50 gr., (Inv. 17604) 0.55 gr., (Inv. 17613) 0.60 gr.; Vatican: 0.61 gr., 0.80 gr.

Find: Marsum; Bonnevaux; Schowen.

1061. Obv.: Karolus monogram, with X between the K and. the L.

Rev.: + METVLLO. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 706, 707, 708; Gariel XXIV, 77 (Meyer Coll.), 78, 79, (Gariel Coll.); BMS 161–165.

Rousseau Coll., 319; Ménzhandl. Basel Dec. 1935, 19.

Paris: 0.76 gr., 0.94 gr., 0.75 gr.; Berlin: 0.72 gr., 0.76 gr., 0.91 gr. (Plate XXXIV); ANS: 0.68 gr., 0.76 gr., 0.78 gr.; BM: (38–7–10–1152–Cuerdale) 0.71 gr., (38–7–10–1153–Cuerdale) 0.83 gr., (49–1–24–16-E) 0.82 gr., (1937–1–8–2) 0.87 gr., 0.70 gr.; Brussels: 0.53 gr., (Inv. 93) 0.81 gr., 0.87 gr., 0.66 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 786) 0.72 gr., 0.73 gr., (T.1196. Vallóe find, XXXII, 214) 0.83 gr.; Grierson: 0.74 gr., 0.46 gr. (damaged); Hannover: (Inv. 1961...) 0.64 gr.; Holmes: 0.82 gr.; Munich: 0.70 gr.; Nelson: (53.114.1867).

Find: Stolpehuse; Bonnevaux; Saumur; Cuerdale.

1062. Obv.: + CARLVSREXR. Cross.

Rev.: + METXVLLO. Karolus monogram. N. Genuine?

Motte Coll., 131.

Grierson: 1.59 gr.

1063. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: + METVLLO. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 692–698; Gariel XIII, 209, XXIII, 58; BMS 166–172.

Rousseau Coll., 316, 317; Cahn April 1912, 14; Cahn Feb. 1931, 7; Cahn 1932, 1294; Lockett Coll., 342 (ex Cuerdale); Kress Oct. 1960, 1455–1458.

Paris: 1.68 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.67 gr., 1.55 gr.; Berlin: 1.70 gr. (PLATE XXXIV); ANS: 1.55 gr., 1.6 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.75 gr.; Blunt: 1.72 gr.; Bodleian/Ashmolean (four exemplars); BM: (George III-27) 1.63 gr., (38–7–10–1134–Cuerdale) 1.71 gr., (38–7–10–1135–Cuerdale) 1.35 gr., (57–9–1–8-IGP) 1.61 gr., (SSB–127–56) 1.65 gr., (1908–10–11–252) 1.59 gr., (1937–1--5-R85) 1.49 gr.; Brussels: 1.48 gr., 1.52 3r., 1.54 gr., 1.68 gr.; Copenhagen: (Fortegn. p. 250) 1.71 gr.; Grierson: 1.53 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.58 gr.; Groningen Museum: 1,29 gr., (514) 1.59 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17611) 1.00 gr. (Inv. 17610) 1.10 gr., (Inv. 17609) 1.20 gr., (Inv. 17612) 1.30 gr., (Inv. 17600) 1.50 gr.; Munich: 1.66 gr.; Oslo: 1.71 gr., 1.72 gr.; Stuttgart: (2V8504) 1.47 gr., (2V8191) 1.54 gr., (2V8509) 1.62 gr., (2V4177) 1.67 gr.; Yale: (four exemplars).

Find: Veuillin; Rijs; Achlum; Brioux; Bligny; Gower; Mullaghboden; Harkirke (?); Kettilstorp; Bonnevaux; Chateauneuf-sur-Cher (?); Saumur; Lyslo; Stolpehuse; Jaeren; Sondre B0; "ANS Find."

Find evidence indicates that this type was struck by Charlemagne, Charles the Bald, and Charles the Simple. For additional references, see the listings under Charlemagne.

1064. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: + MET VLLO. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 699, 700, 701; Gariel XXIII, 59 (Melle Find); BMS 173–196. Paris: 1.60 gr., 1.62 gr., 1.70 gr.; Berlin: 1.40 gr., 1.62 gr,; ANS: 1.65 gr. (Plate XXXIV); Blunt: 1.62 gr.; Bodleian/Ashmolean (five specimens); Brussels: 1.44 gr., 1.62 gr., (Inv. 26) 1.72 gr.; Copenhagen: (Cuerdale find) 1.54 gr., (Cuerdale find) 1.60 gr., (Cuerdale find) 1.61 gr., (Cuerdale find) 1.63 gr., (K. P. 724) 1.75 gr.; BM: (38–7–10–1136–Cuerdale) 1.65 gr., (38–7–10–1137–Cuerdale) 1.52 gr., (38–7–10–1138–Cuerdale) 1.72 gr., 38–7–10–1139–Cuerdale) 1.59 gr., (38–7–10–1140–Cuerdale) 1.82 gr., (38–7–10–1141–Cuerdale) 1.61 gr., (38–7–10–1142–Cuerdale) 1.45 gr., (38–7–10–1143–Cuerdale) 1.46 gr., (38–7–10–1144–Cuerdale) 1.74 gr., (38–7–10–1145–Cuerdale) 1.70 gr., (38–7–10–1146–Cuerdale) 1.64 gr., (38–7–10–1147-Cuerdale) 1.55 gr., (38–7–10–1148–Cuerdale) 1.42 gr., (57–9–1–33) 1.53 gr., (De Salis) 1.67 gr., (1906–11–3–3180) 1.77 gr., (1908–10–11–258) 1.79 gr., (1908–10–11–259) 1.69 gr., (1908–10–11–261) 1.60 gr., (1908–10–11–262) 1.47 gr., (1915–5–7–328–Morgan-Evans) 1.64 gr., (1915–5–7–329-Morgan-Evans) 1.66 gr., (1937–1–8–3-R85) 1.45 gr.; Garrett: (6131) 1.58 gr.; Grierson: 1.66 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17614) 1.40 gr., (688) 1.43 gr.; Hannover: (Inv. 1961...) 1.56 gr., (Inv. 1961 ) 1.66 gr.; Hermitage: 1.27 gr.; Munich: 1.57 gr., 1.57 gr.; Nelson: (53.114.1858), (53.114.1859), (53.114.1860), (53.114.1861), (53.114.1862), (53.114.1863), (53.114.1864), (53.114, 1865), (53.114.1866), (56.40.1), (56.40.2), (56.40.3), (56.40.4), (56.40.5) (56.40.6), (56.40.7), (56.40.8); Stuttgart: (IIU. 1949/296) 1.62 gr., (2V4177) 1.67 gr.; Van Rede : (B1257) 1.60 gr., (B1259) 1.66 gr., (B1258) 1.68 gr., (B1256) 1.77 gr.; Vienna : 1.66 gr.

Find: Chamoux-Marcilly, 1.70 gr.; Cuerdale; Bonnevaux.

1065. Obv.: + CARLVSREXP. Cross.

Rev.: + METVLLO. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 702.

Paris: 1.15 gr.; Brussels: 1.30 gr. (+ CARLVSREXR; + ME+ VLLOM), 1.54 gr. (+C ARLVSREXF; + MET + LLO); Hermitage: 1.65 gr.; Vatican: 1.68 gr.; David McClymont: 1.63 gr. (Plate XXXIV).

1066. Obv.: + CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: + METVLLO. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Find: Brioux.

BOURGES

1067. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: BITVRICESCVT. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel XXI, 3 (stock of Rollin).

Find: Chaumoux-Marcilly.

1068. Obv.: + CARLVSPI. Bust, laureate and armored, to right.

Rev.: BITV/RICES. Denarius.

Prou 736.

Paris: 1.45 gr.

1069. Obv.: + CARLVSRE,. Bust, laureate and armored, to left.

Rev.: BITV/•***/RICES. Denarius.

Prou 737, 738; Gariel XXII, 44 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 830; Hess April 1928, 3687; Ménz. u. Med. July 1955, 501; Kress Oct. 1960, 1433; Motte Coll., 133; Théry Coll., 434.

Paris: 1.36 gr., 1.07 gr.; Berlin: 1.46 gr., 1.58 gr. (Plate XXXIV, two specimens); ANS: 1.40 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 94) 1.34 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 841) 1.39 gr.

Find: Bourges (?) (1887 ?), 1.40 gr., 1.45 gr., 1.54 gr.

1070. Obv.: + CARLVSRE. Bust, laureate and armored, to left.

Rev.:BITVRICESIVI+. Denarius.

The Hague: (Inv. 17595) 1.50 gr.

Find: Wagenbogen.

1071. Obv.: + CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: + BITVRICESCIVI. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 739, 740; Gariel XXII, 39 (Gariel Coll.).

Hamburger Sept. 1926, 5; Cahn Sept. 1932, 1303; Kress Oct. 1960, 1434, 1435.

Paris: 1.76 gr., 1.75 gr.; Berlin: 1.74 gr. (Plate XXXIV); ANS: 1.74 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.77 gr.; Grierson: 1.76 gr., 1.78 gr.; Stuttgart: (2V8467) 1.67 gr.; Van Rede : (B1251) 1.70 gr.

Find: Chamoux-Marcilly, 1.67 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.76 gr., 1.76 gr., 1.77 gr.; Bourgneuf; Courbanton II; Courbanton III; Chalon-sur-Saéne (1893?); Gannat; Chateauneuf-sur-Cher (?); Moulin-Gargot, 1.78 gr.; "ANS Find."

1072. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Prou 741; Gariel XXII, 41 (Gariel Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 208.

Paris: 0.57 gr.; Berlin: 0.81 gr.; Grierson: 0.79 gr.

Find: Chamoux-Marcilly, 0.82 gr.; Moulin-Gargot, 0.86 gr.

1073. Obv.: + CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: + BITVRICESCIVII. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 742.

Paris: 1.74 gr.; Berlin (Plate XXXIV).

Find: Moulin-Gargot, 1.70 gr.

1074. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Find: Moulin-Gargot, 0.93 gr.

1075. Obv.: + CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: + BITVRICESCIVH. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XXII, 40 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.57 gr.

Find: Issy-l'Evéque (?).

1076. Obv.: + CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: + BITVRICESCIVS. Karolus monogram. Denariuis.

Find,: Arras.

1077. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: BITVRICESCVT. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel XXI, 3 (stock of Rollin).

Berlin: 1.33 gr.

CLERMONT

1078. Obv.: + CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: + CLAROMIIIT. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 768; Gariel XXIII, 51 (Musée d'Avignon).

Paris: 1.64 gr. (PLATE XXXIV); ANS: 1.54 gr.

Find: Arras; Avignon; Cuerdale; "ANS Find."

1079. Obv.: + CARLVC:X. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: + CLAROM.. .T. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 769.

Paris: 1.65 gr.

1080. Obv.: + CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +CLAROMIISN. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XLII, 47 (Cuerdale find).

Théry Coll., 518.

Munich: 1.65 gr.

Find: Courbanton III; Moulin-Gargot, 1.79 gr.; Cuerdale.

1081. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Prou 770, 771; Gariel XLII, 48 (RN 1837, p. 343).

Paris: 0.73 gr., 0.66 gr.

Find : Moulin-Gargot, 0.91 gr.

1082. Obv.: + CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: + CLVROMANT. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 764; Gariel XXIII, 49 (Gariel Coll.), XXII, 48 (Gariel Coll., var., +CLAROMVNT.).

Rousseau Coll., 471; Gariel Coll., 834; Riechman Nov. 1924, 32.

Paris: 1.80 gr.; Berlin: 1.54 gr., 1.70 gr.; ANS: 1.31 gr. (Plate XXXIV); Nelson: (53.114.1872, var.).

Find: Bourgneuf; Yrond; Gannat.

1083. Obv.: + CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: + CLAROMIIN". Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 765, 766; Gariel XXIII, 50 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 197.

Gariel Coll., 835; Meyer Coll., 346; Hamburger June 1891, 477; Riechman Nov. 1924, 22; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1307; Schulman March 1959,1813.

Paris: 1.49 gr., 1.39 gr.; Berlin: (PLATE XXXIV); BM: (38–7–10–1133–Cuerdale) 1.65 gr., (1920–1–2–146-Cuerdale) 1.61 gr.; Brussels: 1.69 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17597) 1.50 gr.; Hermitage: 1.34 gr.

Find: Avignon; Cuerdale.

1084. Obv.: + CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: -CLAROMIIT. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Prou 767; BMS 198.

Paris: 0.61 gr.; BM.

Find: Gannat.

AUVERNE

1085. Obv.: + HCARLVSREXF. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: HALIVERNACIVES. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel XXI, 6 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 798.

Berlin: 1.47 gr.

1086. Obv.: + HCAROLVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: HALIVERNISCIVE. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel XXI, 7 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 799; Meyer Coll., 196.

Berlin: 1.53 gr.

Gascony

AGEN

1087. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + AGINCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 791; Gariel XXII, 25 (Gariel Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 205.

Paris: 1.54 gr.; Berlin: 1.64 gr.

1088. Obv.: + CARLVSREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + AGINOCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Rousseau Coll., 377.

1089. Obv.: Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + AimageINNO. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 795; Gariel XXIV, 74 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 310; Gariel Coll., 855; Meyer Coll., 217; Bordeaux Coll., 180.

Berlin: 0.85 gr. (Plate XXXIV).

DAX

1090. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: + A6VIimageVRBS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 798; Gariel XXIII, 52 (Musee de Marseilles).

Rousseau Coll., 311; Meyer Coll., 115.

Paris: 1.31 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XXXV).

1091. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: + MGVIimage+CIVE. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XXIII, 55 (Meyer Coll.).

1092. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.:+ A6VI2+CI. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 799; Gariel XXIII, 53.

Paris: 1.66 gr. (Plate XXXV).

1093. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: + IimageAQVIS (retrograde). Karolus monogram. Denarius. Gariel XXIII, 54 (Musee de Marseilles).

1094. Obv.: CARLVimageREXR. Cross.

Rev.: +CIXIAGlimage. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

The Hague: (Inv. 17649) 1.70 gr.

Toulousain

TOULOUSE

1095. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: + TOLSACIVI. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XXIII, 68.

Berlin: 1.71 gr.

Find: Dorestadt (1846) (?); Auzeville; Brioux.

1096. Obv.: + CARLVSREXF. Cross.

Rev.: + TOLSACIVI. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 816; Gariel XXIII, 72 (Auzeville find).

Kress Oct. 1960, 1479, 1480; Kress Dec. 1961, 663.

Paris: 1.51 gr.; Berlin: 1.73 gr. (Plate XXXV); Brussels: 1.56 gr. Copenhagen: (K. P. 724) 1.51 gr.

Find.: Auzeville (var.).

1097. Obv.: + CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: + TOLOSA. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 817.

Paris: 1.64 gr.; ANS: 1.59 gr. (Plate XXXV); Grierson: 1.50 gr.

1098. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel LII, 80 (Avignon find).

Find: Avignon.

1099. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: + TOLOSACI. Denarius.

Find: Bonnevaux.

1100. Obv.: + CARLVSREXF. Cross.

Rev.: + TOLVSACIVI. Cross. Denarius.

Cahn Dec. 1932, 1276.

Find: Toulouse.

1101. Obv.: + CARLVSREXF. Cross.

Rev.: + TOLVSACIVI. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Gariel XXIII, 69 (Auzeville find).

Gariel Coll., 850; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 54.

Berlin: 0.61 gr.

Find: Auzeville.

1102. Obv.: CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: + TOLOSACIVI. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 814; Gariel XXIII, 71 (Auzeville find).

Kress Oct. 1960, 1482; Kress Dec. 1961, 664; Théry Coll., 493.

Paris: 1.42 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XXXV); Brussels: 1.49 gr., 1.56 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.73 gr. (var. + CARLVSREXF+); ANS: 1.48 gr.; Holmes: 1.46 gr.

1103. Obv.: + CARLVSEXF. Cross.

Rev.: + TOLVSACIVI. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 813; Gariel XXIII, 67 (Auzeville find).

Paris: 1.60 gr.; Berlin: 1.54 gr., (fragment), 1.55 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.62 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.70 gr., 1.73 gr.; ANS: 1.73 gr. (Plate XXXV); Brussels: 1–53 gr.

Find: Auzeville.

1104. Obv.: + CARLVSREXF. Cross.

Rev.: + TOLOSACIV. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Prou 815; Gariel XXIII, 70 (Auzeville find).

Gariel Coll., 851.

Paris: 0.72 gr. (Plate XXXV).

Find: Auzeville.

1105. Obv.: + CARLVSRE. Cross.

Rev.: + TOLOSACIVI. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel LII, 81 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1242; Meyer Coll., 417.

Berlin: 1.24 gr.; Brussels: 1.51 gr. (var. + CARLVSREX); Vienna : 1.30 gr.

1106. Obv.: Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + TOLVSA. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXIV, 82.

Find: Bonnevaux.

Septimania

NARBONNE

1107. Obv.: Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + NARBONA. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXIV, 80 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 322; Gariel Coll., 859.

Berlin: 0.63 gr. (Plate XXXV).

Provence

VIENNE

1108. Obv.: + CRATIADEIIIIEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + ViennaCIVIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 845.

Paris: 1.73 gr. (Plate XXXV).

1109. Obv.: + GRATIADEIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + VIEMMACIVIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 844; Gariel XXXVII, 289 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1063; Meyer Coll., 319; Bordeaux Coll., 279.

Paris: 1.68 gr.; Berlin: 1.62 gr.

Find: Bourgneuf, 1.80 gr.; Courbanton III; Chalon-sur-Saéne (1893).

ARLES

1110. Obv.: Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + ARELATO. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXIV, 75 (Musee de Marseilles).

Indeterminate Mints

1111. Obv.: + GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + AENCIANISFISC (retrograde). Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXIX, 106 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 941.

1112. Obv.: + ODATA-OIIIEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:BRVDONSOMT. Cross. Denarius.

(Grunthal, p. 52, suggests an attribution to Porrentruy).

Prou 945; Gariel XXVII, 57 (Gariel Coll.).

Théry Coll., 435 (ex van Peteghen, 82).

Paris: 1.77 gr.; Berlin: 1.75 gr. (Plate XXXV).

Find: Glizy.

1113. Obv.: + GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + BELIACASTRO. Cross. Denarius.

Théry Coll., 433.

Find: Bourgneuf.

1114. Obv.: + IVOVTIOVIimageX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: RRVimageNimageNT. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 946, 947; Gariel XXVII, 58 (Gariel Coll.); Prou 948 (var. with RRVimageVNimageVT).

Paris: 1.70 gr., 1.80 gr.; Berlin: 1.82 gr.

Find: Glizy.

1115. Obv.: CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + CASTRAMONET'A' Cross. Denarius.

Prou 950 = Gariel XXV, 10.

Paris: 1.68 gr.; ANS: 1.78 gr. (Plate XXXV).

1116. Obv.: + CRACIADIREX+. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + CHIMIRIACOV. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXVIII, 87 (Brussels).

Gariel Coll., 929.

Brussels (Plate XXXV).

1117. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: + CIVEXMC-VI2. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XXIII, 55 (Meyer Coll.).

Berlin: 1.50 gr.

1118. Obv.: + CDATIAD-IFEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + DEFISCOCVRINIO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXIX, 97 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: (PlateXXXV).

1119. Obv.: + CIACIAimage-IPLX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + DEIISCOCVIIVIO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 979; Gariel XXIX, 98 (Gariel Coll.).

Paris: 1.35 gr.

1120. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IISEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + FANVMMARII. Cross. Denarius.

RBN 1861, p. 237.

1121. Obv.: + CRACIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + GENCLIACOPAR. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXIX, 115 (Brussels).

Meyer Coll., 259; Bordeaux Coll., 257; ThéryColl., 451 (Bordeaux specimen).

Paris: (951a) 1.65 gr. (Plate XXXV); Berlin: 1.63 gr.; ANS: 1.71 gr.; Brussels: 1.62 gr.

Find: Glizy.

1122. Obv.: + CRACIADIBEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + GENCLIACOPOR. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXIX, 114 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 946.

1123. Obv.: + CIRIVVIIAD-XE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + HINFISCOBAimageTON 1C. Cross. Denarius.

Serrure (1882/3), p. 143, 9.

Assen Museum: (1870–42) 1.45 gr.

Find: Roswinkel, 1.45 gr.

1124. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + INFISCOVENDRNT. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 968, 969 (var., + INFISCOVEИDRNT).

Théry Coll., 499.

Paris: 1.75 gr., 1.70 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 122) 1.76 gr. (var.).

Find: Etampes; Courbanton III.

1125. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+INIISCOVFIDRNT. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXVI, 280 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1059; Meyer Coll., 315; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 83; Hamburger Nov. 1922, 238.

Berlin: 1.48 gr., 1.63 gr. (Plate XXXVI).

1126. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: INVICOVIOTO. Cross. Obolus.

(Grunthal, p. 52, suggests an attribution to Vis6 near Liege).

Prou 970 = Gariel XXXVI, 287. (Vis6).

Paris: 0.73 gr. (PLATE XXXVI).

Find: Glizy.

1127. Obv.: + CRATOAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + INVICOVIOVIEO. Cross with one dot in each of two corners. Denarius.

Gariel XXXVI, 286 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1061.

Berlin: 1.47 gr.

Find: Arras.

1128. Obv.: + CIATIAD-IIPX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + INVICOIIVI-IITO. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXXVI, 288 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1063; Meyer Coll., 318.

Berlin: 0.52 gr., 0.80 gr. (PlateXXXVI).

Find: Glizy.

1129. Obv.: + GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + MEDENSVITCVSI. Cross. Denarius.

Find: Courbanton II; Courbanton III.

1130. Obv.: + GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + MONETAINNIGELLA. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXI, 158 ( Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 974.

Berlin: 1.10 gr.

1131. Obv.: Karolus monogram.

Rev.: ON/WC/AVP. Obolus.

Gariel XXIV, 81.

1132. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+PORCOCASTELLO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 955, 956; Gariel XXVIII, 81 (Gariel Coll., var.); BMS 199. Gariel Coll., 925; Meyer Coll., 249; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 62; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1948, 164; Théry Coll., 442.

Paris: 1.74 gr., 1.39 gr.; Berlin: 1.71 gr. (PLATE XXXVI); BM: (Cuerdale) 1.74 gr.

Find: Compiégne; Arras; Cuerdale.

1133. Obv.: + GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + PORTAVIENS. Cross. Denarius.

Find: Bourgneuf.

1134. Obv.: + GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + RVLLOCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

(Grunthal, p. 52, suggests an attribution to Les Riez on the French-Belgium border).

Prou 960.

Paris: 1.53 gr. (Plate XXXVI); Berlin: 1.08 gr. (fragment).

1135. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + RVVCIMONETA. Cross. Denarius.

(Grunthal, p. 53, suggests an attribution to Roucy sur Aisne).

Prou 958 = Gariel XXXIII, 203.

Hamburger Nov. 1912, 76; Helbing Dec. 1917, 10.

Paris: 1.72 gr. (PLATE XXXVI); ANS: 1.65 gr.

1136. Obv.: + CRACIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +RAVCIMONETE. Cross. Denarius.

(Grunthal, p. 53, suggests an attribution to Roucy sur Aisne).

Prou 959 = Gariel XXXIII, 202.

Théry Coll., 502 (var. with +AVCIMIONETE).

Paris: 1.65 gr. (PlateXXXVI).

1137. Obv.: + TIAIIAI-IACIO. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + RAVCIOPALATIO. Cross. Denarius.

(Grunthal, p. 53, suggests an attribution to Roucy sur Aisne).

Prou 957 — Gariel XXXIII, 204.

Meyer Coll., 290; Schlessinger March 1930, 1510.

Paris: 1.59 gr.; ANS: 1.69 gr., 1.52 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.62 gr., the last three with RAVCIDPALATI.

Find.: Compiegne; "ANS Find."

1138. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: RVVCIMONITA. Cross. Denarius.

(Grunthal, p. 53, suggests an attribution to Roucy sur Aisne).

Prou 958 = Gariel XXXIII, 203.

Paris: 1.72 gr.

1138a.Obv.: + VIATADERAIX.. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + RVVNRITATIVS. Cross with four dots. Denarius.

ANS: 1.37 gr.

1139. Obv.: + CRACIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + RATIOMONETA. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXII, 174.

Berlin: 1.67 gr.

1140. Obv.: + CRACIAD-IREX . Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + RAVCIOPALAimage. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXXII, 181.

Berlin: 0.58 gr.

1141. Obv..: + CRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram

Rev.:+ RAVCIOPALACII. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXII, 178.

Théry Coll., 470.

Berlin: 1.45 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.67 gr. (Plate XXXVI); ANS: 1.49 gr., 1.60 gr.

Find: "ANS Find."

1142. Obv.: + CRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+ RAVCIPALATINA. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXII, 179.

Meyer Coll., 227.

1143. Obv.: + CRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + RAVCIOPALACIO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXII, 180.

Blaser-Frey June 1963, 19 (var. with RAVCIO PALVCO.).

ANS: 1.35 gr., 1.50 gr., 1.50 gr., 1–51.gr., 1.51 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.63 gr., 1.67 gr., 1.67 gr., i;68 gr., also a specimen 1.43 gr. with PALACO. Find.: Bligny; Arras; "ANS Find."

1144. Obv.: + CRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + RAVCIOPALACIO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXII, 181.

1145. Obv.: + GRATIAD-IREXM. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + S-CISEBASTIANIimage . Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXIV, 240 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 200.

Gariel Coll., 1032; Meyer Coll., 302; DuLac Coll. II, 518; Théry Coll., 487.

Paris: (287b) 1.75 gr.; Berlin: 1.74 gr. (Plate XXXVI); ANS: 1.65 gr., 1.75 gr.; BM: (SSB–127–63) 1.30 gr.

Find: "ANS Find."

1146. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+imageTSTEPAHNIMONE. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 962; Gariel XXXIV, 224 (Gariel Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 298; Cahn April 1929, 39; Helbing Oct. 1932, 893.

Paris: 1.61 gr.; Berlin: 1.59 gr., 1.75 gr. (Plate XXXVI); ANS: 1.38 gr. (damaged).

Find: Compiegne.

1147. Obv.: + CATIAD-IIPEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + TRIODOROASTEI. Cross. Denarius.

(Grunthal, p. 53, suggests an attribution to Tonnere in Burgundy). Prou 963.

Paris: 1.64 gr.

1148. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + TVNIERASCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 965; Gariel XXXV, 257 (Gariel Coll.).

Frére, 2 (11 minor varieties); Rousseau Coll., 405bis.; Gariel Coll., 1041 ; Meyer Coll., 310; Kricheldorf May 1956, 354; Théry Coll., 491.

Paris: 1.58 gr.; Berlin: 1.55 gr., 1.91 gr.; ANS: 1.48 gr. (damaged), 1.50 gr. (TNERAS), 1.65 gr.; (PLATE XXXVI) Brussels: 1.26 gr., 1.52 gr., (Inv. 124) 1.64 gr.; Munich: 0.90 gr.

Find: Etampes; Glizy .

1149. Obv.: + CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + TNERASCIVITAS. Cross. Obolus

Gariel XXXV, 259 (Gariel Coll.).

Frere, 3; Rousseau Coll., 406; Gariel Coll., 1043.

Berlin: 0.67 gr.

Find: Bligny (?).

1150. Obv.: + CPATIAD-IDEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TV3 IISCIV'ITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 964 = Gariel XXXVI, 269.

Frére, 2j.

Paris: 1.77 gr.

1151. Obv.: +CRATIVI-I... X. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + VNIEI... IMTAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXV, 258 (Gariel Coll.).

Frere, 2g; Gariel Coll., 1042; Bordeaux Coll., 276.

Brussels: 1.24 gr. (Gariel specimen).

1152. Obv.: Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + VCRIASIER. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXIV, 84 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 0.80 gr.

1153. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFRANCO. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 1066.

Paris: 1.59 gr.; Brussels: 1.34 gr.; Groningen Museum: (A1929) 1.71 gr. Find: Pilligerheck (var., +CARLVSRE+FRAHO; + PISTIANAREEICIO) 1.56 gr.

1154. Obv.: CARLVSREXFRA. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIQIO. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 1060, 1061; Gariel XXI, 23 (var. with XPISTIANARELIGIO. Achlum find).

Kress Oct. 1960, 1450.

Paris: 1.62 gr., 1.48 gr.

Find: Ballon; Achlum; Chamoux-Marcilly; Ide, 1.43 gr.

1155. Obv.: + NKARLVSREIFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 1058; Gariel XLV, 60 (Gemain Coll.).

Paris: 1.70 gr.

1156. Obv.: CARLVSRL+. Temple.

Rev.: +PISTIANARELICIO. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Gariel XLV, 63 (Gariel Coll.).

Find: Szentes.

1157. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 1057, 1064, 1065; Gariel XXI, 22 (Achlum find), XLV, 61 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 201, 202.

Paris: 1.64 gr., 1.64 gr., 1.63 gr.; Berlin: 1.38 gr., 1.43 gr., 1.52 gr., 1.66 gr., 1.72 gr. (Plate XXXVI); BM: (SSB–127–70) 1.44 gr., (57–9–1–29–IGP) 1.73 gr.; Assen Museum: (M1872–4C) 1.49 gr., (M1872–3) 1.56 gr., (M1872–3a) 1.60 gr., (1872–4) 1.65 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 128) 1.68 gr., 1.77 gr., and one additional fragment, unweighed; Copenhagen: (Promsen 12643) 1.58 gr.; The Hague: (620) 0.79 gr., (Inv. 17656) 1.15 gr., (Inv. 1931:292) 1.40 gr. (Inv. 17655) 1.50 gr., (606) 1.57 gr., (Inv. 1931:293) 1–60 gr., (619) 1.85 gr.; Papadopoli: (173) 1.16 gr.; Van Rede: (B1246) 1.20 gr.

Find: Indre; Oudwoude; Kimswerd-Pingjum I; Fontaines; Morsen; Birka; Achlum; Lauzès, 1.44 gr.; Zelzate; Ide; Wagenbogen; Emmen; Muizon-lez-Malines, 1.21 gr., 1.37 gr., 1.39 gr., 1.50 gr., 1.70 gr.; Bourgneuf.

1158. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANAREIGIO. Temple. Obolus.

Prou 1059.

Paris: 0.80 gr.; Brussels: 0.56 gr. (damaged).

Find: Chamoux-Marcilly.

1159. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANAREL'CIO. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 1062, 1063 (var., + CALVSREXFR).

Assen Museum: (M1892–3d) 1.80 gr.; Blunt: 1.37 gr. (damaged) Brussels: (Inv. 126) 1.53 gr., (Inv. 125) 1.59 gr.; Grierson: 1.33 gr., 1.48 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.67 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17652) 1.10 gr., (Inv. 17653) 1.7 gr., (Iv. 17654) 1.50 gr.

Find: Croydon; Wagenbogen.

1160. Obv.: + HKARLVSREXFRI. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELICIO. Temple. Denarius.

Van Rede : (B1245) 1.55 gr.

1161. Obv.: + CARLVSREXER. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Obolus.

Gariel XLV, 66 (Gariel Coll.), 65 (Gariel Coll., var., + CRLVSRE+ FR.).

Berlin: 0.71 gr., 0.83 gr. (PLATE XXXVI); Munich: 0.29 gr., 0.67 gr., Find:Zelzate.

1162. Obv.: + CAROLVSRXE. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XRISTIANARELICIO. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel XXI, 24 (Achlum find).

Find: Achlum.

1163. Obv.: + HKARLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XRISTIANARIIICIO. Temple. Denarius.

Brussels: 1.28 gr.

1164. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +PISTIANARELICIO. Temple, with one dot beneath. Denarius.

Find:Kimswer d-Pingjum II; Pilligerheck (var. + CARLVSREX).

1165. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: + PISTIANARELICIO. Temple, with chevron beneath.

Denarius.

Brussels: (Inv. 127) 1.56 gr.

Find: Kimswerd-Pingjum II; Bourgneuf.

1166. Obv.: + CAROLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANAREIIGIO. Temple with three dots, triangularly arranged beneath. Denarius.

The Hague : (Inv. 17657) 1.02 gr. (broken).

Find: Wagenbogen.

1167. Obv.: + CAROLVSREX. Cross with one dot in each of three corners and three dots, triangularly arranged in the fourth.

Rev.: XPISTIANAREIIGIO. Temple, with one dot at each side, and three dots, triangularly arranged, beneath. Denarius. Prou 189 = Gariel XLV, 64. (Attributed by Prou to Quentovic.)

Paris: 1.33 gr.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.45 gr.

1168. Obv.: + HKARLVSREIFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XRISTIANARELICIO. Temple. Broad-flan denarius.

CNIV, p. 24, 1.

The Hague: (Inv. 1936:880), 1.05 gr., (Inv. 1936:881) 1.35 gr.

Find: Ilanz I.

1169. Obv.: + CARLVSREXFR. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELICIOm . Temple. Broad-flan denarius.

CNI V, p. 24, 2.

1170. Obv.: + KAROLVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELICIO. Temple. Broad-flan denarius.

CNI V, p. 24, 3.

Papadopoli: (183) 1.52 gr.

Find.: Odoom.

1171. Obv.: + HCAROLVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANAREIICIO. Temple. Broad-flan denarius.

CNI V, p. 25, 4.

Papadopoli: (184) 1.58 gr.

EMPEROR LOUIS II (855–875)

Italy

BENEVENTUM

1172. Obv.: + LVDOVVICVSIIIPE. Eight-armed cross or star.

Rev.: + BENEBENTVCIBI. Temple. Denarius.

CNI XVIII, p. 184, 32.

1173. Obv.: + LVDOVVICVSIIIPE. Eight-armed cross or star.

Rev.: + BENEBENTVCIB. Temple. Denarius.

CNI XVIII, p. 184, 33.

Grierson: 0.87 gr., 0.88 gr., 0.97 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XXXVII).

1174. Obv.: + LVDOVVICVSIIIPE. Eight-armed cross or star.

Rev.: + BENEBENTVMB. Temple. Denarius.

Berlin: 1.02 gr.

1175. Obv.: +HLVDOVICSIMPR. Cross.

Rev.:BENE/BEN/TVM. Denarius.

CNI XVIII, p. 185, 36, 37.

Indeterminate Mints

1176. Obv.: + DOMLVDVVICVS. IMP, in field.

Rev.: + DMAANGILBERGA. IMP, in field. Denarius.

Gariel LXI, 17 (Gariel Coll.).

CNI XVIII, p. 185, 38, 39, 40.

Berlin: 1.12 gr. (Plate XXXVII).

1177. Obv.: + LVDOVVICVSINP. Cross on three steps.

Rev.: +***/ANGIL/BERGA/INP. Denarius.

CNI XVIII, p. 185, 41.

1178. Obv.: + LVDOVVICVSINP. Cross on three steps.

Rev.: + ANGILBERGANP. Patriarchal cross. Denarius.

Gariel LXI, 18 (Gariel Coll.).

CNI XVIII, p. 185 f., 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47.

Berlin: 1.10 gr., 1.11 gr., (Plate XXXVII); ANS: 1.14 gr., 0.92 gr.; Brussels: 0.78 gr.

1179. Obv.: + LVDOVVICVSIIPE. A, G, V, S, in cruciform pattern.

Rev.: + ANGILBERGAIIPE. AGV/STA in field. Denarius.

Gariel LXI, 19 (Gariel Coll.).

CNI XVIII, p. 186f, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54.

Berlin: 0.80 gr., 0.82 gr.; ANS: 0.96 gr. (Plate XXXVII).

1180. Obv.: + LVDOVICVSIMPE. Symmetrical pattern with the letters A and R.

Rev.: + ADELHICPRINCES. Cross, with the letters M and H. Denarius.

Gariel LXI, 16 (Gariel Coll.).

CNI XVIII, p. 184, 29; Gariel Coll., 1347.

Berlin: 1.05 gr. (Plate XXXVII).

1181. Obv.: I/LVDO/VVICV/'P1.

Rev.: + ARHANGEMIHAEL. P/ADEL/R in field. Denarius.

CNI XVIII, p. 184, 30, 31.

1182. Obv.: +

II/LVDO/•/WICV/P;.

Rev.: + XPSTIANARELIGI. Cross, with image and A. Denarius.

CNI XVIII, p. 185, 34, 35.

Find: Starydworek.

LOTHAIRE II (855–869)

PALACE

1182a. Obv.: + IOTAHVSIEIX (retrograde). Cross.

Rev.: PAI/THIA. Obolus.

Dorset County Museum: 0.73 gr.

Find: Pin's Knoll (Dorset). When offered to the Bibliotheque Nationale, this coin was condemned as a nineteenth-century forgery. After careful enquiry into its provenance, followed by scientific analysis of fabric and surface texture, the laboratory service of the BM has judged it authentic and found its condition fully consonant with burial for more than one thousand years.

Alsace

STRASSBURG

1183. Obv.: + HLOTHARIVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: STRAZB/CIVITAS. Denarius.

Prou 47 = Gariel LX, 2.

Paris: 1.57 gr. (Plate XXXVII).

Lorraine

AACHEN

1184. Obv.: + LOTAPIVSCPACIADI. Cross, with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: AimageIISCPANIPALACIA. Temple. Denarius.

The Hague: (Inv. 17640) 1.70 gr. (Plate XXXVII).

Find: Midlaren.TRIER

1185. Obv.: +LOTARIVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: TREV/ ERIS. Denarius.

Gariel LX, 3 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1331; Meyer Coll., 476; Hess 1905, 32.

Berlin: 1.36 gr. (Plate XXXVII); Brussels: (Inv. 129b) 0.68 gr.

METZ

1186. Obv.: +HOTHARIVSREX. Cross with two dots in each comer.

Rev.: METTISCIVITAS. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel LX, 1 (Robert, pl. XIII, 8).

Robert Coll., 395; Ménz. u. Med. June 1951, 373 ; Cahn Mar. 1913, 14; Ciani June 1934, 399. The coins which appeared in the trade are forgeries, cf. P. Grierson, ANSCent. Publ., p. 313, 7.

Berlin: 1.73 gr. (Plate XXXVII).

VERDUN

1187. Obv.: +HLOTHARIVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: VIRIDVNVMCIVIS. Temple with cross incised on steps.

Denarius.

Find: Pilligerheck, 1.17 gr., 1.25 gr., 1.33 gr., 1.37 gr.

1187a. Obv.: +HLOTHARIVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: VIRIRVNVMCIVIS. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 149.

Paris: 1.54 gr.; The Hague: (17560) 1.60 gr.

Find: Wagenbogen.

1188. Obv.: +HLOTHARVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: VIRIDVNVMCVIS. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 148; Gariel LX, 4 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1332; Meyer Coll., 477; Bordeaux Coll., 387; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 133; Ratto Dec. 1930, 2606.

Paris: 1.31 gr.; Berlin: 0.94 gr., 0.96 gr.; Brussels: 1.39 gr.

1189. Obv.: +HLimageTHARVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: VIRI+DVNVMCIVIS. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel LX, 5 (Robert, pl. XIII, 12).

Find: Ide, 1.56 gr. (var. HLimageTHRIVSREX; +VIRIPVNVMCIVIS).

Indeterminate Mint

1190. Obv.: +HLOTHARIVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XRISTIANARELIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel LX, 6 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.21 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17736, var. +HLOTHVRIVSREX) 0.85 gr.

Find: York; Wagenbogen.

1191. Obv.: +LOTARIIREGISINSGNE. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +imagePHILIBERTIMONETA. Lotarius monogram. Denarius.

Gariel LVII, 25 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1305; Bordeaux Coll., 371.

Berlin: 1.40 gr.

1192. Obv.: +LOTARIIREGISINSIGNE. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: SCIPHILIBERTION. Lotarius monogram. Obolus.

Gariel LVII, 26 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1306.

Berlin: 0.65 gr.

CHARLES THE CHILD, KING OF AQUITAINE (855–863)

PALACE

1193. Obv.: +CAROLVSREXEQ. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +PALATINAMOI'E. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXIV, 85 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 867.

Berlin: 0.79 gr. (Plate XXXVII).

CARLOMAN (879–884)

Neustria

CHATEAU LANDON

1194. Obv.: +CimageRIEII'ADOIϽEI. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CASTISIIAimageEN' Cross. Denarius.

Prou 536 = Gariel XXXIX, 10 (and one additional exemplar ex Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1118.

Paris: 1.77 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XXXVIII).

Burgundy

TROYES,

1195. Obv.: +CARLENAMREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TRECASCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 545; Gariel XXIX, 22 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1123.

Paris: 1.62 gr.; Berlin: 1.75 gr. (Plate XXXVIII); ANS: 1.57 gr.

Find: Troyes; "ANS Find."

1196. Obv.: +imageCRLIMANSREI. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TRICASCIVITS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXIX, 23 (Combrouse, pl. XXXI, 8).

Meyer Coll., 339.

AUXERRE

1197. Obv.: +imageCARLEMANVSR. Cross.

Rev.: +CIVISAVTISSIDER. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 590, 591; Gariel XXXIX, 9 (var., +CIVISAVTIϩϩIDER).

Gariel Coll., 177; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 90; Hess, Lucerne July 1933, 95; Kricheldorf Nov. 1960, 312.

Paris: 1.66 gr., 1.70 gr.; Berlin: 1.33 gr. (Plate XXXVIII); ANS: 1.35 gr., 1.53 gr., 1.63 gr., 1.63 gr.

Find: Etampes; "ANS Find."

AUTUN (?)

1198. Obv.: +CARLOMIINVS. REX, in monogram.

Rev.: +EDVACIVITHS. Cross with one circlet in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Gariel XXXIX, 8 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1116.

Berlin: 0.93 gr. (Plate XXXVIII).

Aquitaine

MELLE

1199. Obv.: +CARLOMANRX. Cross.

Rev.: +MET+VLLO. Karlous monogram. Denarius.

Find: Bonnevaux.

1200. Obv.: +CARLEMAMRE. Cross.

Rev.: +AIET+VLLO. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XXXIX, 13 (de Ferrary Coll.).

Berlin: 1.60 gr. (Plate XXXVIII).

LIMOGES

1201. Obv.: + CARLOMANRX. Cross.

Rev.: +LIMOVXCIVIS. Karolus monogram. Denarius,

Prou 777; Gariel XXXIX, 11 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 206.

Rousseau Coll., 443–445; Gariel Coll., 1119; Meyer Coll., 334; Norman, Coll., 548; Bordeaux Coll., 310.

Paris: 1.71 gr.; Berlin: 1.70 gr.; ANS: 1.33 gr. (Plate XXXVIII); Bodleian/Ashmolean; BM: (38–7–10–1187–Cuerdale) 1.74 gr.; Dickie: 1.77 gr.; Hermitage: 1.79 gr.; Nelson: (53.114.1872).

Find: Bonnevaux; Cuerdale.

1202. Obv.: +CARLOMANRX. Cross.

Rev.: +LIMOVIXCIVIS. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Prou 778 = Gariel XXXIX, 12.

Paris: 0.87 gr. (Plate XXXVIII).

Find: Bonnevaux.

Toulousain

TOULOUSE,

1203. Obv.: +CARLAMANVSRE. Cross.

Rev.: +TOLOSACIVI. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 819; Gariel XXXIX, 20 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1122.

Paris: 1.83 gr.; Berlin: 1.69 gr., 1.83 gr. (Plate XXXVIII); Copenhagen: (K. P. 841) 1.72 gr.

Find: Bonnevaux (?).

1204. Obv.: +CARLOMAVRE. Cross.

Rev.: +TOLOSACIVI. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 820 = Gariel XXXIX, 21.

Meyer Coll., 338.

Paris: 1.72 gr.

Septimania

SUBSTANTIONE

1205. Obv.: +CARLEMANREX. Cross.

Rev.: +SVϩTANCIONE. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 840.

Paris: 1.70 gr.; Berlin: 1.95 gr. (Plate XXXVIII).

Find: Avignon.

1206. Obv.: +CARLEMANRE. Cross.

Rev.: +ϩVϩTANCIONE. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 841; Gariel XXXIX, 19 (Musée de Avignon).

Meyer Coll., 337; Théry Coll., 515 (ex Meyer).

Paris: 1.66 gr.; Grierson: 1.53 gr.

Provence

ARLES

1207. Obv.: +CARLEMAIVSRE. Cross.

Rev.: +ARLEACIVIISX. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 865.

Paris: 1.60 gr.; Copenhagen: (Rollin, 1852) 1.58 gr. (Plate XXXVIII).

1208. Obv.: +CARLEIIAIIVSPE. Cross.

Rev.: +AΓIACIVIϩ+. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 866, 867, 868; Gariel XXXIX, 3 (Musée de Avignon); BMS 207.

Hirsch Nov. 1958, 741; Cahn Dec. 1932, 305, 1306.

Paris: 1.57 gr., 1.63 gr., 1.63 gr.; ANS: 1.69 gr. (Plate XXXVIII); BM: (57–9–1–41) 1.68 gr.; Garrett: (6143) 1.58 gr.; Hermitage: 1.33 gr.; Vienna: 1.65 gr.

1209. Obv.: + CARLEMANNVϩII. Cross.

Rev.: +ALEACIVIϩ+. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XXXIX, 2 (Musée d?Avignon).

Berlin: 1.57 gr.

Find: Avignon.

1210. Obv.: +CARLEMANVSPE. Cross.

Rev.: +SIVICAIIA+. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XXXIX, 5 (Musée d?Avignon and Gariel Coll.).

Hess April 1928, 3695.

1211. Obv.: +CARLEMANVSRE. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELACIVIS+. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 863; Gariel XXXIX, 1 (Musée d?Avignon), 4 (Gariel Coll., var.). Rousseau Coll., 442; Bordeaux Coll., 306; Deglatigny Coll., 275; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 89; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1304; Lockett Coll., 354.

Find: Avignon.

1212. Obv.: +CAREIIAIII+. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELACIVIS. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Gariel XXXIX, 7 (Musée d?Avignon).1213.

1213. Obv.: +CARLEMANVSRE. Cross.

Rev.: +ARLEACIVIS+. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 864.

Paris: 1.56 gr.

1214. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel XXXIX, 6 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1114, 1115.

Berlin: 0.74 gr., 0.77 gr. (Plate XXXVIII).

1215. Obv.: +CARLEMANNVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELACIVISX. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Comptes rendus de la Socété de Numismatique , 1909, pl. II.

Bordeaux Coll., 307; Meyer Coll., 332.

Indeterminate Mints

1216. Obv.: +CLAROMVNX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +DIVIOH. Cross. Denarius.

Find: Bourgneuf.

Nos. 1217–1222 may represent issues of Carloman of Bavaria, the son of Louis the German.

1217. Obv.: +CARLOMANREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +PSITIANREIICIO. Temple with cross incised on the lowest step. Broad-flan denarius.

Gariel LXII, 1 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 203.

CNI V, p. 23, 1–5, 7; Hamburger January 1902, 3968, 3969, 3970; Hess Oct. 1904, 20; Hamburger 1912, 134; Helbing Dec. 1913, 3. Berlin: 1.28 gr., 1.40 gr., 1.46 gr., 1.48 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.70 gr., 1.79 gr., 1.89 gr.; ANS: 1.68 gr.; BM: (57–9–1–38–IGP) 1.68 gr.; Brussels: 1.92 gr.; Groningen Museum: (1104) 1.51 gr.; Munich: 1.53 gr.; Papadopoli: (180) 1.78 gr.; Vienna: 1.99 gr.

1218. Obv.: +hCARLOMANREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +XRISTIANAREIIGIO. Temple. Broad-flan denarius.

CNI V, p. 457, 3a.

1219. Obv.: + CARELEMANVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELICIO. Temple. Broad-flan denarius.

BMS 204, 205.

CNI V, p. 23, 6.

BM: (57–9–1–39–IGP) 1.79 gr., (57–9–1–40–IGP) 1.58 gr.

Find : Ilanz I.

1220. Obv.: +HCAR+EMANNVSRE. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELICIO. Temple. Broad-flan denarius.

CNI V, p. 24, 8, 9.

Copenhagen: (T.1255) 1.37 gr. (Plate XXXVIII).

1221. Obv.: +CARLEMANNVSRI. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELICIO. Temple. Broad-flan denarius.

CNI V, p. 24, 10.

Papadopoli: (181) 1.98 gr.

1222. Obv.: +KARHELMANREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARLIICIO. Temple. Broad-flan denarius.

CNI V, p. 24, 11.

Copenhagen: (Rollin 1852) 2.09 gr.; Papadopoli: (182) 1.60 gr.

LOUIS II (877–879) or LOUIS III (879–882)

PALACE

1223. Obv.: +LVDOVVICVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +PALATINAMONETĀ. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XXXVIII, 8 (Gariel Coll. and Hoffmann stock).

Gariel Coll., 1083.

Berlin: 1.53 gr.

Find: Etampes.

1224. Obv.: +MISIRICORDIAD-IREX. Ludovicus monogram.

Rev.: +PALATINAMONET. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 26 = Gariel XXXVIII, 4.

Paris: 1.54 gr. (Plate XXXIX).

Find: Courbanton III.

1225. Obv.: +CRATIADI-IREX. Ludovicus monogram.

Rev.: +DALATINAMONE. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXVIII, 3 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1103; Bordeaux Coll., 303.

Berlin: 1.62 gr.

Find: Arras.

Lorraine

MAASTRICHT

1226. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSPEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +INVICOTRIIECTO. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 92 = Gariel XXXVIII, 7.

Paris: 0.73 gr. (Plate XXXIX).

VISé

1227. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +INVICOVIOSATO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 93. Bulletin mensuel de numismatique et d'archéologie (1882/3), p. 54 (de Jonghe Coll.). Théry Coll., 511.

Paris: 1.63 gr.; Berlin: 1.16 gr. (Plate XXXIX); Assen Museum: (M1870–5c) 0.94 gr., (var. +INVIϽOVIOSAO), (M1870–5d) 1.00 gr. (var.+INVICOVIOlSTO), (M1870–5b)) 1.15 gr. (var., +HLVDOVVlCSVIF, retrograde, +INVICOVIOISTO,), (M1870–5a) 1.16 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 131) 1.70 gr., 1.45 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 1931:276) 1.30 gr. (+HLVDOWICVSRH+).

Find: Roswinkel; Glizy.

1228. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel XXXVIII, 9 (Gariel Coll.).

Brussels: (Inv. 132) 0.74 gr.

Find: Compiégne.

1229. Obv.: +LVDOVVICVSRE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +INVICOVIOSATO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXVIII, 9 (Brussels).

Gariel Coll., 1106; Meyer Coll., 330; Bordeaux Coll., 304.

Assen Museum: (M1870–5) 1.07 gr. (+LVDOVVICVSREX); Brussels: 1.16 gr.

Find: Roswinkel.

1230. Obv.: +HIVDOVVICVSR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +IHVICOVIOSATO. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 94.

Théry Coll., 512.

Paris: 0.60 gr.; Brussels: 0.46 gr. (Plate XXXIX, slightly enlarged).

Find: Glizy.

HUY (?)

1231. Obv.: +LVDOVVICVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +INVICOHOCIO. Cross with one dot in one corner. Denarius.

Gariel LV, 9 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1268; Meyer Coll., 439.

Berlin: 1.21 gr.

1232. Obv.: +HLVDOVVCREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +INVICOHOIO. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 99 = Gariel XXXVIII, 6.

Paris: 0.65 gr. (Plate XXXIX).

1233. Obv.: +LVDOVVICVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +INVICOHObIO. Cross with one dot in one corner. Denarius.

Gariel XXXVIII, 5 (Brussels).

Paris: (99a) 1.30 gr.; Brussels: 1.34 gr., (Inv. 136) 1.35 gr. (+IIIVICOHODéIIO).

1234. Obv.: +LVDOVVICVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +INVICOHODMO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LXIV, 15 (Brussels, probably the second entry under "Brussels," No. 1233 above.)

NAMUR

1235. Obv.: +CRATIADIDSE+. Ludovicus monogram.

Rev.: INVICONĀMVCO. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

RBN 1852, p. 141, pl. 111, 6.

1236. Obv.: +CRATIADIREX. Cross with the letters RE attached, and X, V, and a dot, each in one corner.

Rev.: +INVICONĀMVCO. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Gariel LXVI, 13 (Musée de Namur); BMS 208.

BM: (38–7–10–1207 Cuerdale, fragment) 1.62 gr.

Find: Cuerdale, see also no. 1563.

1237. Obv.: .. .RATIADIR?S. Cross, as in foregoing entry.

Rev.: +INVICONĀM... Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Gariel LXIV, 14 (Cuerdale find).

Find: Cuerdale.

1238. Obv.: +HLVIϽOVVICSOVI. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +INVICONANVCO. Cross with one ball in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Kricheldorf June 1961, 331.

ANS: 1.52 gr. (Plate XXXIX); Brussels: 1.58 gr.

1239. Obv.: +HLVIDOVVICVSO. Cross, with the letters RE attached, and X, V, and a dot, each in one corner.

Rev.: +IIIVICOHAIIVC⋮O. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Prou 103; Gariel LXIV, 12 (Musée de Namur, var.).

Paris: 0.96 gr.

TRIER

1240. Obv.: +LVDOVVICVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: TREV/•/ERIS. Obolus.

RBN 1893, p. 330f.

Bordeaux Coll., 389.

RBN: 0.61 gr.

METZ

1241. Obv.: +CRATIAD-REX. LVDOVVICVS in circular legend around a cross.

Rev.: +MLTTISICVITAS. Cross with two dots in each corner. Denarius.

Prou 130; Gariel XXXVIII, 2 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1102; Meyer Coll., 474; Schulman June 1939, 492.

Paris: 1.74 gr. (PLATE XXXIX); Berlin: 1.68 gr.

Find: Bligny.

1242. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +METTISCIVITAS. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel LXIV, 8 (RN 1866, p. 169).

Find: Saumeray.

MARSAL

1243. Obv.: +GRATIAD-REX. LVDOVVICVS in circular legend around a cross.

Rev.: +MARSALLOVICO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 134, 135; Gariel XXXVIII, 1 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1101; Meyer Coll., 473.

Paris: 1.58 gr., 1.44 gr.; Berlin: 1.57 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.67 gr.

Find: Bligny; Etampes (?); Courbanton III; Glizy.

Francia

ST. PIERRE (CORBIE)

1244. Obv.: +MISERICORDIAD-IREX. Ludovicus monogram.

Rev.: SCIPETRIMONETA. Cross. Denarius.

Paris: (243a) 1.65 gr.

PIERREPONT

1245. Obv.: +CRATADI-REX. Ludovicus monogram.

Rev.: +PETREPONTEM. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 276 = Gariel XXXVIII, 9 (Mathon Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1094.

Paris: 1.14 gr.; Berlin: 0.75 gr.

RHEIMS

1246. Obv.: +CRACIADimage/+PEX. LODVIS and three dots in circular legend.

Rev.: +REMISCIVITAS. Cross with one dot in one corner and one cross in its diagonal corner. Denarius.

Gariel LV, 24 (Gariel Coll.).

1247. Obv.: +CRACIIIADIRX. LODimagein circular legend.

Rev.: +REMISCIVITAS. Cross with one crescent in one corner and one cross in its diagonal corner. Denarius.

Gariel LVI, 26 (Musée de Reims).

1248. Obv.: +GRAITIAEREX. I - VDOC in circular legend around a dot.

Rev.: +REMISCIVITAS. Cross with S in one corner. Denarius. Gariel LV, 23 (Musée de Reims).

Gariel Coll., 1271; Meyer Coll., 441,442; Ménz. u. Med. June 1951, 376.

1249. Obv.: +CRAITIAERIX. imageVDOC in circular legend around a dot.

Rev.: REMISCIVITAS. Cross with S in one corner. Denarius.

Gariel LVIII, 4 (Maxe-Werly, p. 85, pl. 111, 15).

ANS: 1.05 gr.

1250. Obv.: +CIA.. .DEIREX. LVDS-, in circular legend around a dot.

Rev.: +REMISCIVITAS. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners, and one C in each of the others. Denarius.

Prou 307; Gariel LVI, 25 (Maxe-Werly, p. 85, pl. 111, 13).

Paris: 0.72 gr.

PARIS

1251. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. LODOVIC in circular legend around a dot.

Rev.: +/PARIS/ line of dots /CIVITA/ +. Denarius.

Prou 341; Gariel LV, 22 (Gariel Coll). Cf. Gariel LV, 21 (Poey d?Avant, no. 3).

Hamburger Nov. 1912, 112; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1338; Hess, Lucerne July 1933, 100; Ménzhandl. Basel Oct. 1936, 323; Ménz. u. Med. July 1955, 504; Kress Oct. 1960, 1512.

Paris: 1.10 gr.; Berlin: 1.11 gr., 1.22 gr. (Plate XXXIX); ANS: 0.90 gr.

1252. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. LODOVIC in circular legend around a dot.

Rev.: +PARISIICIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Dickie: 1.01 gr. (damaged).

1253. Obv.: +CRATIADIIREX. Ludovicus monogram.

Rev.: +PARISIICIVITAS. Cross. Denarius (?).

Rousseau Coll., 526.

PROVINS

1254. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Ludovicus monogram.

Rev.: +CASTISPRVVINIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 374, 375 (var., +CASTISPRVVIINIS); Gariel XXXVIII, 10 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1085; Meyer Coll., 327; Bordeaux Coll., 298.

Paris: 1.74 gr., 1.60 gr.; Berlin: 1.40 gr. (Plate XXXIX); ANS: 1.49

gr.

Find: Bligny; "ANS Find."

Neustria

TOURS

1255. Obv.: +MISERICORDIAD-IREX. Ludovicus monogram.

Rev.: +TVRimageNESCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 453–458; Gariel XXXVIII, 13; BMS 209.

Rousseau Coll., 447; Gariel Coll., 1087; Kress Oct. 1960, 1485; Hess April 1928, 3694; Hamburger Sept. 1926, 15; Cahn Oct. 1929, 905; Hess Lucerne July 1933, 94; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1957, 690. Paris: 1.79 gr., 1.75 gr., 1.70 gr., 169 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.30 gr., (453a) 1.70 gr., (456a) 1.70 gr., (456b) 1.70 gr., (457a) 1.65 gr., (457b) 1.65 gr., (457c) 1.75 gr., (457d) 1.65 gr., (459a) 1.75 gr., (459b) 1.65 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XXXIX); ANS: 1.63 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.77 gr.; Blunt: 1.62 gr.; Bodleian/Ashmolean; BM: (38–7-10–1186-Cuerdale) 1.62 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 1296) 1.47 gr.; Garrett: (6159) 1.67 gr., (6142) 1.69 gr.; Grierson: 1.55 gr.; Hermitage: 1.63 gr.; Vienna: 1.67 gr.

Find: Etampes; Compiégne; Courbanton II; Courbanton III; Savignésous-le-Lude; Saumur; Cuerdale.

1256. Obv.: +IIISIRICORDIADIREX. Ludovicus monogram.

Rev.: +TRimageNESCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 459 = Gariel XXXVIII, 5.

Paris: 1.82 gr.; Berlin: 1.60 gr., 1.70 gr., 1.81 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 133) 1.75 gr., 1.68 gr. (var. monogram); The Hague: (637) 1.51 gr.

Find: Courbanton II; Savigné-sous-le-Lude.

1257. Obv.: +MISERICORDIADREX. Ludovicus monogram.

Rev.: +TVRimageNESC IVITAS. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 460 = Gariel XXXVIII, 6.

Gariel Coll., 1104; Bordeaux Coll., 302.

Paris: 0.82 gr.; Berlin: 0.79 gr. (Plate XXXIX); ANS: 0.90 gr. Boson of Vienne

BLOIS

1258. Obv.: +HISERICORDIAD-IREX. Ludovicus monogram.

Rev.: +BIESIANISCASTRimage . Cross. Denarius.

Prou 480; Gariel XXXVIII, 12 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1082; Meyer Coll., 326; Bordeaux Coll., 297.

Paris: 1.73 gr. (Plate XXXIX); Garrett: (6146) 1.62 gr.

Find: Courbanton II; Courbanton III.

Burgundy

TROYES

1259. Obv.: HIIVIHVVIVII+X. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TIimageIimageASICITAimage . Cross. Denarius.

Prou 548.

Paris: 1.72 gr.

1260. Obv.: +MISERICORDIAD-REX. Ludovicus monogram.

Rev.: +CIVITASTRECAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXVIII, 7 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1105; Meyer Coll., 329.

Paris: (549a) 1.75 gr.; Berlin: 1.81 gr. (Plate XXXIX).

Find: Courbanton III.

SENS

1261. Obv.: HLVDOVICVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: SENONESVRBS. Temple. Denarius.

Rousseau Coll., 526bis.

BOSON OF VIENNE (879–887)

Provence

VIENNE

1262. Obv.: +BOSOCRACIADEI. REX in field.

Rev.: +VIENNACIVIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 846; Gariel LXII, 1 (Gariel Coll.); RN 1860, p. 46, two pieces, one in poor condition.

Rousseau Coll., 453; Gariel Coll., 1352; Meyer Coll., 497; Bordeaux Coll., 411 (ex Meyer).

Paris: 1.49 gr.; Berlin: 1.30 gr., 1.54 gr. (Plate XXXIX); Garrett: (6144) 1.52 gr.; Hermitage: 1.62 gr..

RN: 1.10 gr.

1263. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel LXII, 2 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 454; Gariel Coll., 1353.

Berlin: 0.60 gr. (Plate XXXIX).

ODO (887–898)

PALACE

1264. Obv.: +GRACIAD-IREX. ODO triangularly arranged.

Rev.: +PALATINAMOimage . Cross. Denarius.

Prou 29; Gariel XLVII, 36 (Arras find).

Gariel Coll., 1180.

Paris: 1.45 gr.; Berlin: 1.66 gr. (Plate XL).

Find: Arras.

1265. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Odo monogram.

Rev.: +PAMTINAMOimage . Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVII, 37 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1181; Meyer Coll., 383; Bordeaux Coll., 326.

Berlin: 1.32 gr.

1266. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Odo monogram.

Rev.: +PALATINAMO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 28; Gariel XLVII, 34 (stock of Rollin).

Paris: 1.19gr. (Plate XL).

1267. Obv.: +CRATIA: D-I. ODO REX around a central dot.

Rev.: +PALATINAMONE. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 27; Gariel XLVII, 35 (Arras find).

Gariel Coll., 1179.

Paris: 1.62 gr.; Berlin: 1.66 gr. (Plate XL); ANS: 1.62 gr.

Find: Arras.

Francia

Arras

1268. Obv.: +imageRATIAD-IREX. OΔO triangularly arranged around a dot.

Rev.: +'A'TREB'A'SCIAI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 222; Gariel XLVI, 8 (Arras find).

Bordeaux Coll., 318; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 97; Schulman, Oct. 1913 406; Kricheldorf May 1956, 362.

Paris: 1.29 gr.; Berlin: 1.36 gr.; ANS: 1.23 gr. (Plate XL), 1.31 gr.;

Brussels: 1.22 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 1296) 1.30 gr.

Find: Arras; "ANS Find."

1269. Obv.: +IPATIAD-IIAIEX. OΔO triangularly arranged around a dot.

Rev.: +'ATREB'ASCIVI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 223.

Paris: 1.61 gr.; Brussels: 1.50 gr.

Find: Arras.

AMIENS

1270. Obv.: +HODOREXFI. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AMIANISC. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVI, 1 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1157.

Berlin: (Plate XL).

Find: Arras.

CORBIE

1271. Obv.: +HODOREXFRAN. Cross with letters F and R attached.

Rev.: +CORBIENSIS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVI, 24 (Arras find).

Paris: (244a) 1.25 gr.; Berlin: 1.27 gr.

Find: Arras.

1272. Obv.: +HODOREXF. Cross.

Rev.: +CORBIENSI. Cross with letters F and R attached. Denarius.

Prou 244.

Théry Coll., 527 (ex Bordeaux Coll., DuLac Coll.).

Paris: 1.34 gr. (Plate XL).

ST.-FURSY (PéRONNE)

1273. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Odo monogram.

Rev.: +SCIFVRSI... Cross. Denarius.

Prou 245.

Paris: 1.08 gr.

ST-QUENTIN

1274. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IRE+X. OΔO in circular legend.

Rev.: +SC-IimageVINTNIMO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVII, 48 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1189; Meyer Coll., 387.

Paris: (254a); Berlin: 1.23 gr. (Plate XL).

Find: Arras.

COMPLéGNE

1275. Obv.: +CRATIAD-I. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +CONPEIDIOPALATIO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LIII, 13 (Cuerdale find); BMS 210.

BM: (38–7-10–1194-Cuerdale) 1.66 gr.

Find : Cuerdale.

LAON

1276. Obv.: +CRATIAD-I. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +LVG DVNICLAVATI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LIII, 23 (Cuerdale); BMS 211.

BM: (38–7-10–1196-Cuerdale) 1.75 gr.

Find: Cuerdale.

STE-MARIE (LAON)

1277. Obv.: +CRATIAD-I. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +SCEMARIEM. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVII, 47 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1188; Meyer Coll., 386.

NOYON

1278. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. ODimage+ cruciform around a cross.

Rev.: +NOVIOMVSCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 277 = Gariel XLVII, 30.

Paris: 1.74 gr. (Plate XL).

SOISSONS

1279. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. ODimage+. cruciform around a cross.

Rev.: +SVESSIOCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 286; Gariel XLVIII, 50 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1190; Meyer Coll., 388; Bordeaux Coll., 328; Kress Oct. 1960, 1500; Hirsch Jan. 1963, 561.

Paris: 1.72 gr.; Berlin: 1.77 gr. Plate XL); ANS: 1.76 gr.; Grierson: 1.66 gr.

1280. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Prou 287; Gariel XLVIII, 51 (de Roucy Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 389; Motte Coll., 139.

Paris: 0.89 gr. (Plate XL).

RHEIMS

1281. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. ODOREX in a cricular legend around a dot.

Rev.: +REMISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 305; Gariel XLVII, 41 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1184; Meyer Coll., 384; Ménz. u. Med. July 1955, 502; Théry Coll., 530 (ex Meyer).

Paris: 1.37 gr.; Berlin: 1.68 gr. (Plate XL); ANS: 1.48 gr., 1.75 gr.; Munich: 1.74 gr.

Find: "ANS Find."

1282. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IRX. imageDimageR cruciform.

Rev.: +REMISCIVITAS. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 306 = Gariel XLVII, 42. Cf. Gariel XLVII, 43 (Maxe-Werly, p. 79).

Paris: 0.68 gr. (Plate XL); Munich: 0.85 gr.

PARIS

1283. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. ODO+ cruciform around a dot.

Rev.: +PARISIICIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 333; Gariel XLVII, 40 (Arras find).

Gariel Coll., 1183.

Paris: 1.44 gr.; Berlin: 1.61 gr. (Plate XL).

Find: Courbanton II; Arras.

1284. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +PARISIICIVIT. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVII, 39 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1182.

Berlin: 1.03 gr. (Plate XL).

1285. Obv.: +GRATAID-I. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +PARISIICIVITA. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVII, 38 (RN 1838, p. 36).

Cahn Dec. 1932, 1318.

ST-DENIS

1286. Obv.: +GR'AT'IAD-IH (retrograde). ODO REX in circular legend around a dot.

Rev.: +SCΔIONVSIIM. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 352; Gariel XLXII 45, (Arras find).

Bordeaux Coll., 327; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 102; Schulman Oct. 1913, 411; Kress Oct. 1960, 1499; Kress Dec. 1961, 666; Théry Coll., 531. Paris: 1.64 gr.; Berlin: 1.52 gr. (Plate XL); ANS: 1.47 gr., 1.64 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 1296) 1.54 gr.

Find: Arras.

1287. Obv.: +GR'ATI'AD?I'C. ODOREX. in circular legend.

Rev.: +SCIΔIONVSIIM. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 353; Gariel XLVII, 44 (Arras find).

Paris: 1.54 gr.

Find: Arras.

1288. Obv.: +CRATIVD-IX. ODOREX in circular legend around a dot.

Rev.: +SCΔIONASIM. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVII, 46 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.15 gr.

Neustria

"CURTISASSONIEN"

1289. Obv.: +MISERICORDIAD-I. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +imageCVRTISASimageNIEH. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 417 = Gariel XLVII, 25.

Paris: 1.68 gr. (Plate XLI).

ANGERS

1290. Obv.: +CIRATIAD-IREX. O/+++/O, in field,

Rev.: +AIIbCAVISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVI, 5 (Cabinet de France: Prou 433 ?).

Meyer Coll., 370.

1291. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. imageDO+ cruciform around a dot.

Rev.: +ANDEGAVISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 432, 433, 434, 436, 437 = Gariel XLVI, 7 (?); Gariel XLVI, 4 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 212, 213.

Gariel Coll., 1160; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 95; Hamburger Feb. 1928; 1799; Bordeaux Coll., 352; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1311; Lockett Coll., 359, Kress Oct. 1960, 1492.

Paris: 1.77 gr., 1.32 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.65 gr.; Berlin: 1.60 gr., 1.72 gr. (Plate XLI); ANS: 1.66 gr.; Bodleian/Ashmolean (three exemplars); BM: (38–7-10–1191-Cuerdale) 1.62 gr., (1915–5-7–276-Morgan [Evans]) 1.70gr.; Brussels; Copenhagen: (K.P. p. 130) 1.55 gr.; Grierson: 1.02 gr. (damaged), 1.75 gr.; The Hague: (635) 1.55 gr.; Hermitage: 1.69 gr.; Munich: 1.59 gr.

Find: Courbanton II; Courbanton III; Cuerdale.

1292. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. imageDO+ in field.

Rev.: +ANDEGAVISCIVITIAS. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 435; Gariel XLVI, 6 (Cuerdale find); BMS 214.

Berlin: 0.60 gr.; BM: (38–7-10–1192-Cuerdale) 0.87 gr.

Find: Saumur; Cuerdale.

1293. Obv.: XimageD+ ESTRE +. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ANPECAVISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVI, 3 (Gariel Coll.), RN 1857, pp. 315ff.; BMS 215. Berlin: 1.61 gr. (Plate XLI).

RN: 1.60 gr.

TOURS

1294. Obv.: +CRATIADIREX. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +TVRimageNISCIVITAS. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XLVIII, 59 (Poey d'Avant, no. 1617).

Berlin: 1.61 gr.; Grierson: 0.65 gr. (damaged).

Find: Evreux (?).

1295. Obv.: +MISERICORDIAD'I. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +HTVRimageNESCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 461; Gariel XLVIII, 57 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 216–220.

Hamburger Sept. 1926, 20; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1321.

Paris: 1.59 gr.; Berlin: 1.66 gr.; ANS: 1.78 gr.; Blunt: 1.68 gr.; BM: (38–7-10–1200-Cuerdale) 1.52 gr., (38–7-10–1201-Cuerdale) 1.50 gr., (38–7-10–1202-Cuerdale) 1.63 gr., (38–7-10–1203-Cuerdale) 1.67 gr., (38–7-10–1204-Cuerdale) 1.67 gr., (1908–10-11–277) 1.67 gr.; Copenhagen: (B. P. 180) 1.52 gr., (Rollin 1852) 1.57 gr., (K. P. 758) 1.61 gr., (T. 3419) 1.67gr. (Plate XLI); The Hague: (634) 1.59gr.; Hermitage: 1.67 gr.; Yale: 1.77 gr.

Find: Courbanton III; Saumur; Cuerdale.

1296. Obv.: +HISERICORIimageIAIimageEI. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +TVRimageNESCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 462; BMS 221.

Paris: 1.65 gr.; BM: (38–7-10–1199-Cuerdale) 1.66 gr.

Find: Cuerdale.

1297. Obv.: +HISERICOPDIAPIX. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +HTIRimageHESCIVIVTVS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 463; BMS 222.

Cahn Dec. 1932, 1322.

Paris: 1.72 gr.; BM: (38–7-10–1206) 1.46 gr.; Copenhagen: (Cuerdale find) 0.97 gr. (fragment),

Find: Cuerdale.

1298. Obv.: +HISERICORIIADIIRX. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +HTVRimageNESCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

BMS 223.

BM: (38–7-10–1205-Cuerdale) 1.68 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17580) 1.60 gr. (Plate XLI); Oslo: 1.57 gr.

Find : Courbanton II (var.); Cuerdale.

1299. Obv.: +HISERICORDIARIX. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +HTVRimageHESCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 468 = Gariel XLVIII, 58.

Paris: 1.72 gr., (468a) 1.65 gr.; Berlin: 1.08 gr.; ANS: 1.59 gr. (Plate XLI); Grierson: 1.64 gr., 1.68 gr.; Holmes: 1.58 gr.

Find: Courbanton II.

1300. Obv.: +IIISERICORDIADEI. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +TVRONESCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVIII, 3 (Gariel Coll.), 6 (Gariel Coll., var.).

Berlin: 1.64 gr.

Find,: Courbanton II.

1301. Obv.: +MISERICORDIADI. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +TVRONESCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 469; Gariel XLVIII, 4 (Gariel Coll.), 5 (Poey d'Avant, no. 1616).

Paris: 1.44 gr.

1302. Obv.: +MISERICORDIADH. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +HTVRONESCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Find: Courbanton III.

1303. Obv.: +MISERICORDIAD'I. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +TVRimageNESCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Bodleian/Ashmolean.

1304. Obv.: +MISERICORDIADN. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +HTVRimageNESCITIAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 464, 465; Gariel XLVIII, 56 (Gariel Coll.).

Hamburger Nov. 1912, 104, 105; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1323; Kress Oct. 1960, 1504; 1505, Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1964, 21.

Paris: 1.56 gr., 1.54 gr.; Bodleian/Ashmolean; Brussels; Grierson: 1.68 gr.; Vienna: 1.63 gr.

Find: Courbanton II.

1305. Obv.: +NISERICORHADN. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +TVRimageNESCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 466.

Paris: 1.44 gr.; Bodleian/Ashmolean; Copenhagen: (T. 3420) 1.63 gr.;

Hermitage: 1.65 gr.; McClymont: 1.47 gr. (Plate XLI).

1306. Obv.: +MISERICORDIAN. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +TVRimageMESCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 467.

Paris: 1.32 gr.

1307. Obv.: +MISERICORDIAD-N. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: TVR+HESCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Stuttgart: (IIU. 1951/255) 1.64 gr.

Find: Evreux.

BLOIS

1308. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. + /imageDimage/ +, in field.

Rav.: +BIESIANISCASTRimage . Cross. Denarius.

Prou 486 = Gariel XLVI, 10.

Paris: 1.61 gr. (Plate XLI).

1309. Obv.: +MISERICORDIAD-IREX. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +BIESIANISCASTRO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 484; Gariel XLVI, 9 (Gariel Coll.); Prou 481 (var., monogram cut on Ludovicus monogram); BMS 224.

Cahn April 1929, 50; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 98; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1312, 1313; Kress Oct. 1960, 1493, 1494.

Paris: 1.47 gr., 1.73 gr.; Berlin: 1.61 gr., 1.66 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.66 gr., 1.74gr.; ANS: 1.59gr., 1.70gr.; BM: (38–7-10–1197-Cuerdale) 1.78 gr.; Vienna: 1.64 gr.

Find: Courbanton II; Cuerdale.

1310. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel XLVI, 11 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1163.

Berlin: 0.70 gr.

1311. Obv.: +MISERICORDIADE-I. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +BIESIANISCASTRimage . Cross. Denarius.

Prou 482, 483; BMS 225–227.

Spink & Son, Numismatic Circular, Jan. 1921, cols. 58f., 88605; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1964, 20.

Paris: 1.66 gr., 1.31 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XLI); ANS: 1.63 gr.; BM: (38–7–10–1198–Cuerdale) 1.65 gr., (60–10–19–16) 1.70 gr., (1908–10–11–273–Lincoln) 1.64 gr.; Brussels: 1.51 gr., 1.69 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 155) 1.48 gr.; Grierson: 1.60 gr., 1.65 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17583) 1.50 gr.; Hermitage: 1.56 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.65 gr.

Find: Courbanton II; Courbanton III; Roches-l'Evéque (?); Cuerdale.

1312. Obv.: +MISERICORDIADIR. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +BLESIANISCASTRimage . Cross. Denarius.

Oslo: 1.49 gr.

1313. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Prou 485.

Paris: 0.81 gr. (Plate XLI).

1314. Obv.: +HISERICORDIADE-I. +/imageDimage/+, in field.

Rev.: +BimageESIANISCASTRimage . Cross. Denarius.

Stuttgart: (2V8472) 1.57 gr.

CHARTRES

1315. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. + /imageDimage/ +, in field.

Rev.: +CARNimageTISCIVITASI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 497; Gariel XLVI, 19 (Gariel Coll., var.).

Rousseau Coll., 492; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1315; Hess, Lucerne July 1933, 97; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1957, 692, 1.83 gr.; Kress Oct. 1960, 1495; Théry Coll., 525.

Paris: 1.87 gr.; Berlin: 1.84 gr. (Plate XLI); ANS: 1.83 gr.; Grierson: 1.80 gr.; Hermitage: 1.72 gr.

Find: Courbanton II; Courbanton III.

CHATEAUDUN

1316. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREXimageDimage . Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +DVNISCASTELLimageI. Cross. Denarius.

ANS: 1.61 gr. (Plate XLI).

1317. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. + /imageDimage/ +, in field.

Rev.: +DVINSCASTILLimageI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 504.

Rousseau Coll., 390.

Paris: 1.74 gr.

Find: Courbanton II; Evreux.

1318. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel XLVI, 22 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1169.

Berlin: 0.85 gr.

1319. Obv.: +CRATIAD-N. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +DVNISCASTELLOI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 505 = Gariel XLVI, 20.

Cahn Dec. 1932, 1316; Théry Coll., 526 (De Saulcy specimen).

Paris: 1.68 gr. (Plate XLI).

Find: Courbanton II.

1320. Obv.: +GRATIAD-I. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +DVNISCASTELLimageI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVI, 21 (Poey d'Avant, 1822).

Find: Courbanton II.

ORLéANS

1321. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREXimageDimage . Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AVREUANSCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 522; Gariel XLVII, 31 (Gariel Coll.).

Hamburger Nov. 1912, 100; Théry Coll., 528.

Paris: 1.76 gr.; Berlin: 1.60 gr. (Plate XLI).

Find: Courbanton II; Courbanton III.

1322. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +AVRELIANISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LIV, 34 (Meyer Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 486–489; Meyer Coll., 430; Hess April 1928, 3703; Hess, Lucerne July 1933, 99.

1323. Obv.: +GRATIAD-I. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +AVREL'ANISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 523, 524 (var.); Gariel XLVII, 33 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 228.

Hamburger Nov. 1912, 101; Ménz. u. Med. July 1955, 503, 1.72 gr.; Kress Oct. 1960, 1498; Frankfurter Ménzhandl. Sept. 1961, 1029; Théry Coll., 1963, 529.

Paris: 1.75 gr., 1.72 gr., (524a) 1.65 gr.; Berlin: 1.61 gr., 1.76gr.; ANS: 1.69 gr., 1.71 gr. (Plate XLI); BM: (38–7-10–1193-Cuerdale) 1.74 gr.; Brussels: 1.52 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.72 gr., 1.73 gr.; Copenhagen: (B. P. 180) 1.76 gr.; Grierson: 1.65 gr. (damaged); Hannover: (Inv. 1961...) 1.47 gr.; Hermitage: 1.52 gr., 1.77 gr.; Holmes: 1.64 gr. (CIVITVS); Vienna: 1.76 gr.

Find: Courbanton II; Courbanton III; Cuerdale.

1324. Obv.: +CRATIA-II. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +AVRELIimageNISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVII, 32 (Gariel Coll.).

Hamburger Sept. 1926, 18.

Berlin: 1.74 gr.

Burgundy

SENS

1325. Obv.: +CRATAD-IREIX. + /imageDimage/ +, in field.

Rev.: +SENONESCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 581 = Gariel XLVIII, 49.

Paris: 1.75 gr.

CHALON-SUR-SAéNE

1326. Obv.: +GRATIAD-REX. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +CAVIIONCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVI, 17 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1167.

Berlin: 1.53 gr. (Plate XLII).

1327. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +CAVILONISCIVIC. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVI, 18 (Combrouse, pl. XXXIII, 2).

Meyer Coll., 375; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1314; Théry Coll., 524 (De Saulcy specimen).

Paris: (621a) 1.30 gr. (var.); ANS: 1.29 gr. (Plate XLII).

Aquitaine

BOURGES

1328. Obv.: +GRATIADEIREX. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +BITVRICESCIVITA. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 750; Gariel XLVI, 13 (Gariel Coll.).

Paris: 1.54 gr.; ANS: 1.40 gr. (Plate XLII).

1329. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel XLVI, 14 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1166.

Berlin: 0.71 gr. (Plate XLII).

1330. Obv.: +CRATIADIREX. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +BITVRICESCIVITA. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 751; Gariel XLVI, 12 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1164; Meyer Coll., 374; Bordeaux Coll., 320.

Paris: 1.48 gr.; Berlin: 1.51 gr.

1331. Obv.: +CRĀCIADEIREX. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +BITVRICESCIVITA. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LIII, 7 (Combrouse, pl. XXXII, 9).

LIMOGES

1332. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IRE. + /imageDimage/ +, in field.

Rev.: +LIMimageVICASCIVIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 779–783; Gariel XLVII, 26 (Voillemier Coll.); BMS 229. Rousseau Coll., 476–478; Cahn Dec. 1922, 525, 1.15 gr.; Cahn April 1929, 51; Cahn Sept. 1932, 1311; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1317; Ménzhandl. Basel Dec. 1935, 25; Kress Oct. 1960, 1497; Frankfurter Ménzhandl. Sept. 1961, 1028.

Paris: 1.67 gr., 1.67 gr., 1.70 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.75 gr.; Berlin: 1.49 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.79 gr., 1.83 gr. (Plate XLII); ANS: 1.61 gr.; Blunt: 1.70 gr.; Bodleian/Ashmolean (three exemplars); BM: (38–7–10–1195–Cuerdale) 1.81 gr.; Brussels: 1.70 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 3415) 0.98 gr., (Devegge no. 17) 1.08 gr., (Cuerdale find) 1.60 gr.; Garrett: (6147) 1.78 gr.; Grierson: 1.75 gr., 1.76 gr., 1.77 gr.; The Hague: (636) 1.45 gr., 1.60 gr.; Hermitage: 1.74 gr.; Munich: 1.17 gr., 1.69 gr.; Oslo: 1.39 gr., 1.80 gr.; Stuttgart: (2v7840) 1.77 gr. (var.); Van Rede: (B1275) 1.31 gr., (B1276) 1.52 gr., (B1274) 1.59 gr., (B1273) 1.76 gr.; Vienna: 1.49 gr., 1.75 gr.; Yale: 1.71 gr., 1.77 gr.

Find: Bonnevaux (?); Chateauneuf-sur-Cher (?); Cuerdale; Hoard of Vestal Virgins; Tiszeszlér; Paretz.

1333. Obv,: +GRATIAD-IRE. + /imageDimage/ +, in field.

Rev.: +IMimageVICASCIVI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 784, 785; BMS 230–233.

Paris: 1.76 gr., 1.78 gr.; ANS: 1.49 gr. (Plate XLII); BM: (1908–10-11–274-Lincoln) 1.78 gr., (1908–10–11–275–Lincoln) 1.70 gr., (1915–5–7–326) 1.78 gr.; Nelson: (53.114.1874), (53.114.1875).

Find: Cuerdale.

1334. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IIF. + /imageDimage/ +, in field.

Rev.: +LIMimageVICASCVS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVII, 27 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.35 gr., 1.64 gr.

Find: Haute-Isle; Paretz.

1335. Obv.: +imageDimageRE+. **, in field.

Rev.: +LIMOYICAS. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XLVII, 29 (Combrouse, pl. XXXIII).

1336. Obv.: +imageDimageRE + E. image , in field.

Rev.: +LIMimageVICAS. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 786, 787 (var.); Gariel XLVII, 28 (Gariel Coll. and stock of Hoffmann); BMS 234, 235.

Gariel Coll., 1175; Meyer Coll., 380.

Paris: 0.79 gr., 1.60 gr.; Bodleian/Ashmolean; BM: (38–7-10–1188-Cuerdale) 0.73 gr., (38–7-10–1189-Cuerdale) 0.73 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 3416 var.) 0.37 gr.; Grierson: 0.56 gr. (damaged); Nelson: (53.114.1876).

Find: Cuerdale.

Toulousain

TOULOUSE

1337. Obv.: +CRATIAD-RE. + /Oimage/D, in field.

Rev.: +TOLOSA +CIV. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 826.

Paris: 1.56 gr.

1338. Obv.: +ORATIAD-RE. + /OO/D Cross.

Rev.: +TOLOSA?CIVI. ODDO, cruciform. Denarius.

Prou 824.

Paris: 1.34 gr. (Plate XLII).

1339. Obv.: +ODDOREXCRC. Cross.

Rev.: +TOLOϩA'CIVI. ODDO, cruciform around at dot. Obolus.

Prou 825; Gariel XLVIII, 53; BMS 236.

Rousseau Coll., 481; Meyer Coll., 391; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1320; Kress Oct. 1960, 1503; Hirsch Nov. 1958, 745.

Paris: 0.57 gr.; ANS: 0.69 gr. (Hirsch specimen); BM: (76–2-2–4) 0.62 gr.; Grierson: 0.63 gr. (var.); Hermitage: 0.62 gr.

1340. Obv.: +O:D:DOREXFRimageC. Cross.

Rev.: +TOLOSA'C'IVI. ODDO, cruciform around a dot. Denarius.

Prou 823; Gariel XLVIII, 54, (Gariel Coll.); BMS 237.

Hamburger Nov. 1912, 103; Hamburger Sept. 1926, 19; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1319; Kress Oct. 1960, 1501, 1502.

Paris: 1.56 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XLII); ANS: 1.48 gr.; Bodleian/Ashmolean; BM: (1906–11-3–3181) 1.46 gr.; Brussels: 1.34 gr., 1.42 gr.; Grierson: 1.33 gr.; Hermitage: 1.59 gr.; Holmes: 1.41 gr.; Vienna: 1.56 gr.; Yale: 1.37 gr.

1341. Obv.: +ODDOREXimage . Cross.

Rev.: +TOLOSA'CIVI. ODDO, cruciform around a dot. Denarius.

Gariel XLVIII, 52 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 238–240.

Berlin: 1.58 gr., 1.67 gr., 1.71 gr.; BM: (38–7-10–1190-Cuerdale) 1.71 gr., (60–10-19–58) 1.69 gr., (1908–10-11–276) 1.52 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 155 var.) 1.48 gr.

Find: Castel Sarrasin; Cuerdale.

1342. Obv.: +ODDOREXFRC. Cross.

Rev.: +TOLOSACIV. ODDO, cruciform around a dot. Obolus.

Gariel XLVIII, 55 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1194.

Berlin: 0.69 gr., 0.67 gr. (Plate XLII); Hermitage: 0.56 gr., 0.67 gr., 0.76 gr.

1343. Obv.: +OOORE +CRC. Cross.

Rev.: +TOLVSACIVI. OC/DO. Denarius.

BM: (76–2-2–4).

Septimania

CARCASSONNE

1344. Obv.: +CRATIAD-P'E. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: CARCASONACIA. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVI, 15, 16 (Poey d'Avant, nos. 3772, 3773).

Indeterminate Mints

1345. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Odo Rex monogram.

Rev.: +NIDONISCimageTIIM. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVI, 23 (Cabinet de France, but not in Prou).

CHARLES THE SIMPLE (898–923)

Alsace

STRASSBURG

1346. Obv.: +KICOLVSPIVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: ARGENTI/IIACVIT Denarius.

Gariel LII, 74 (Gariel Coll.).

Frankfurt a.M.: 1.05 gr. (damaged).

1347 Obv.: +.. .ROLVSRVϩ image REX. Cross.

Rev.: C/... RCENTI/•/MACIVIT/D. Denarius.

Gariel LII, 75 (RN 1857, p. 319).

1348. Obv.: + IéROLVSPIVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: ARGEИTI/ • /ИACIVITS. Denarius.

Prou 54; Gariel LI, 72 (Gariel Coll.).

Hamburger Nov. 1912, 107; Cahn Dec. 1922, 527; Cahn Oct. 1924, 23; Riechman Nov. 1924, 40; Cahn March 1926, 50; Cahn May 1927, 1537; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1957, 695, 1.40 Hess April 1928, 3562; Cahn April 1929, 52; Cahn Oct. 1929, 910; Helbing Dec. 1929, 1242; Ménzhandl. Basel Oct. 1936, 319; Kress Oct. 1960, 1511, 1.40 gr.; Théry Coll., 540; Kricheldorf July 1964, 417.

Paris: 1.40 gr.; Berlin: 0.92 gr., 1.31 gr., 1.45 gr., 1.38 gr. (Plate XLII); ANS: 1.14 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 142bis) 1.37 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. p. 134) 1.19 gr.; Munich: 1.09 gr., 1.22 gr., 1.53 gr.; Van Rede: (B. 1277) 1.10 gr.

Find: Kimswerd-Pingjum (?); Freiburg i.B.; Marsum.

1349. Obv.: +KAROLVSPIVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: G/ARGENTI/NACIVIT/D. Denarius.

Engel and Lehr, p. 155, 42.

Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1964, 26.

ANS: 1.40gr. (Plate XLII).

1350. Obv.: +KAROLV.. .DREX. Cross.

Rev.: ARGENTI/INCIVITA. Obolus.

Gariel LII, 73 (Combrouse, pl. XLV, 8).

Berlin: 0.78 gr.

1351. Obv.: +IvIIROLVSPIVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: ARCEIITI/•/ϩACVIT. Denarius.

Prou 55.

Paris: 1.34 gr. Berlin: (Plate XLII).

Lorraine

COLOGNE

1352. Obv.: +KVROLVimageREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: image /COLONIA/A. Denarius.

Prou 82; Gariel XL, 1 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 241, 242.

Hévernick, 23; Gariel Coll., 1125, 1126; Cahn April 1912, 17; Cahn Oct. 1924, 16; Riechman Nov. 1924, 38; Cahn March 1926, 40; Cahn April 1929, 44; Cahn Feb. 1931, 15, 16; Riechman Nov. 1924, 27; Riechman April 1928,638; Helbing June 1929,700; Riechman Dec. 1934, 329; Kress Oct. 1960, 1509; Kress Dec. 1956, 46; Kress Nov. 1961, 1200. Paris: 1.65 gr.; Berlin: 1.49 gr., 1.51 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.82 gr., 1.85 gr., 1.87 gr.; ANS: 1.72 gr,; BM: (57–9-1–45-IGP) 1.22 gr., (1935–4-1–15465-T. B. Clarke-Thornhill Bequest) 1.85 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1279) 1.56 gr. (damaged); Frankfurt a.M.: 1.74 gr.; Grierson: 1.51 gr.; Stuttgart: (2v8305) 1.65 gr. (Plate XLII).

Find: Trebenow; Dalen; Rome "after 1920;" Stolpe; Magyarszom-bathely; Slupsk; Plonsk.

1353. Obv.: +KVROLSVEX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: image/COLONA/A. Denarius.

Prou 83.

Paris: 1.87 gr.; Brussels: 1.72 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1280) 1.68 gr., (Tolstrup find. F. P. 595) 1.73 gr., (Terslev find, 1233.32 var.) 1.80 gr.; Munich: 1.49 gr.

Find: Terslev; Tolstrup.

1354. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Hévernick, 26; cf. Hévernick, 27.

Copenhagen: (Munkegérd find, 259) 0.62 gr.; Frankfurt a.M.: 0.55 gr.

Find: Munkegérd.

1355. Obv.: ... VROLVS. .RI. Cross with one dot in each comer.

Rev.: image /OLONI/A. Obolus.

Gariel XL, 3 (Brussels).

Cahn April 1912, 18.

Berlin: 0.34 gr., 0.71 gr.; Brussels: 0.68 gr,

1356. Obv.: +EVD-LSVI... Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: image /COLOИII/A. Denarius.

Gariel XL, 2 (Gariel Coll.).

Hévernick, 24.

Berlin: 1.58 gr., 1.70 gr.

TRIER

1357. Obv.: +CAROLVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: TR/EV/ER/IS in symmetrical order around a degenerate temple. Denarius.

Gariel LII, 83 (RN 1866, p. 166).

Meyer Coll., 419; Hess May 1893, 2221; Rosenberg Nov. 1904, 39.

Berlin: 1.52 gr.; Brussels: 1.43 gr.

Find: Store Valby.

METZ

1358. Obv.: +ЄRATIAD-IRX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +IETTISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXI, 149.

Berlin: 1.49gr.; Brussels.

Find: Polczgn-Zdroje.

1359. Obv.: +ЄRATIAD-IIIX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: IIETTISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 131; Gariel L, 47 (Combrouse, pl. XXXVI, 3).

Meyer Coll., 408, 409; Hess 1905, 50; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1328; Cahn 1934, 2259; Ménzhandl. Basel Oct. 1936, 317.

Paris: 1.49 gr., (130a); Berlin: (Plate XLIII); ANS: 1.46 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 1296) 1.50 gr.; Munich: 1.25 gr.

Find: Troyes (1910), 1.77 gr.; Metz.

1360. Obv.: +ЄIϽATIAD-IIIX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +IIETTISCIVITAS. Cross with one dot in one corner. Denarius.

Prou 132; Gariel L, 48 (Gariel Coll., var.).

Gariel Coll., 969; Bordeaux Coll., 311; Schulman Oct. 1913, 388, 389; Cahn May 1927, 9.

Paris: 1.4τ gr.; ANS: 1.47 gr. (Plate XLIII).

1361. Obv.: + ЄRATIAD-IIIX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +IIETTISCIVITAS. Cross with one dot in one corner. Obolus.

Gariel LI, 49 (Gariel Coll.), 50 (var., Robert, pl. XV, 3); BMS 243.

Meyer Coll., 410, 411; Rosenberg Nov. 1904, 41; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1329. Berlin: 0.56 gr., 0.60 gr., 0.69 gr. (Plate XLIII); BM: (SSB-127–66) 0.76 gr.

1362. Obv.: +Є ... IAD-IRE... Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +METTIimageCIVITAimage. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 133.

Paris: 0.59 gr.

1363. Obv.: +CRATIAIϽ-IIIX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +IIETTISCIVIT. Cross. Denarius.

Brussels: 1.17 gr.

TOUL

1364. Obv.: +KAROLVSREX. Cross with one dot in each comer.

Rev.: TVLLO. Denarius.

Prou 139 140; Gariel LII, 76 (Gariel Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 416; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 108; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1330. Paris: 1.23 gr.; Berlin: 1.37 gr. (Plate XLIII).

1365. Obv.: +KAROLVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: TVLLO. Obolus.

Prou 141; Gariel LII, 77 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1239.

Paris: 0.63 gr.; Berlin: 0.51 gr. (Plate XLIII).

VERDUN

1366. Obv.: +CAROLVS. REX, in field.

Rev.: +VIRDVNCIVITVS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 165; Gariel LII, 88 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 544; Gariel Coll., 1245; Meyer Coll., 421; Bordeaux Coll., 350; Ratto Dec. 1930, 2605.

Paris: 1.27 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 144) 1.56 gr. (var.); Hermitage: 1.45 gr.

1367. Obv.: +CAROLVS. REX, in field.

Rev.: +VIRDVIIICVITS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LII, 87 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1243, 1244.

Berlin: 1.38 gr., 1.48 gr. (Plate XLIII).

1368. Obv.: +CAROLVS. REX, in field.

Rev.: +VIRIϽVNC.. .VIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 166.

Paris: 1.28 gr.

Francia

ST-OMER

1369. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev. : +imageAVDOMARI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXIV, 230 (BM); BMS 244, 245.

BM: (38–7-10–1158-Cuerdale) 1.76 gr.

Find: Cuerdale.

SENLIS

1370. Obv.: +ITAimageϽIĀDIPEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + /SILVA/IECTIS/ +. Denarius.

Gariel LI, 70 (Voillemier Coll.).

Berlin: 1.22 gr. (Plate XLIII).

QUENTOVIC

1371. Obv.: +GARLVSREXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: QVANTOVVICO. Cross with two dots at the end of each arm. Denarius;

Prou 185; Gariel XLII, 54.

Meyer Coll., 352.

Paris: 1.45 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 27) 1.40 gr.

MELLE

1372. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +METVLLO Karolus monogram. Obolus (?).

BMS 249.

BM: (38–7-10–1181-Cuerdale) 1.01 gr.

Find: Cuerdale.

The fabric of the two foregoing entries and the presence of the second in the Cuerdale find indicate that they belong to an issue of Charles the Simple, although they bear types used both by Charlemagne and by Charles the Bald.

THUN (NORD)

1373. Obv.: +CARLVSREF. Cross.

Rev.: +TVN+NIS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 212.

Cahn Dec. 1932, 1219; Théry Coll., 391 (ex De Saulcy Coll.).

Paris: 1.69gr.; Brussels: 1.40gr.

1374. Obv.: +CARLVSRE. Cross with a point in each comer.

Rev.: +TVN+NIS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XL, 9 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1127.

Berlin: 1.63 gr. (Plate XLIII).

BEAUVAIS

1375. Obv.: +CAROLVSREXFRAN. Cross.

Rev.: +BELGEVACVSCIVI. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 256, 257; Gariel XLII, 42 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 902, 903, 1142; Meyer Coll., 343; Bordeaux Coll., 332; Lockett Coll., 356; Norman Coll., 550; Hess, Lucerne July 1933, 96; Théry Coll., 516, 517.

Paris: 1.91 gr., 1.82 gr.; ANS: 1.24 gr., 1.55 gr. (Plate XLIII), 1.48 gr. (fragment), 1.58 gr., 1.62 gr., 1.62 gr., 1.65 gr., 1.66 gr., 1.67 gr., 1.68 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.76 gr., and 1.41 gr. (with FRN); BM: (38–7-10–1151) 1.54 gr.; Grierson: 1.48 gr.

Find: "ANS Find;" Cuerdale.

1376. Obv.: +CAROLVSREXFRAN. Cross.

Rev.: +BEEVACVSCIVI. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 258; Gariel XXVII, 49 (Gariel Coll.).

Paris: 1.31 gr.; Berlin: 1.45 gr., 1.71 gr. (Plate XLIII); ANS: 1.61 gr. (BELEEVNCVSCIVI).

Find: Arras; "ANS Find."

SOISSONS

1377. Obv.: +GRéAIéIAéDIREéX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + /C┺ VTAS/SVESSI◊/:., with a bar between the lines of the inscription. Denarius.

Copenhagen: (T. 1252) 1.24 gr. (damaged) (Plate XLIII).

1378. Obv.: +GRATIAéD-IREéX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: :./ϩAIϩϩIO/CIVIIVϩ/+. Denarius.

BMS 246.

BM: (SSB–127–60) 1.15 gr.

RHEIMS

1379. Obv.: +CRACIAD-IRECX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +REMIϩimageVITAϩ. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 303.

Paris: 1.62 gr. (Plate XLIII).

1380. Obv.: +CRATIAϽ-IRI. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +RimageSCIVITAϩ. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXIII, 195.

Berlin: 1.49 gr.

1381. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IRE. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +REMIϩCIVITA. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXXIII, 198 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 0.84 gr.

1382. Obv.: +CRATIA.. .ERN. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: ... EMISCIVITAS. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel LI, 63 (Musée de Reims).

1383. Obv.: +CRATIA.. .DRE+. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +REMISCIVITAI. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXXIII, 197 (Gariel Coll.).

1384. Obv.: +CRACIAD -REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +REMICA.. .AI. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal comers and one crescent in each of the others. Obolus.

Gariel LI, 65 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 0.71 gr.

1385. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +REMISCIVITAS. Cross with X in one comer. Denarius.

Prou 304 = Gariel LI, 64.

Cahn Dec. 1932, 1295.

Paris: 1.44 gr.

Find: Evreux.

1386. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IRE+X. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +REMISCIVITAS. Cross with crescent in one corner. Denarius.

Gariel LI, 62 (Musée de Reims).

Find: Evreux.

1387. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +REMISCIVITAS. Cross with point in one corner. Denarius.

Gariel LI, 61 (Musée de Reims).

1388. Obv.: image Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +RIMISCIVIéTAS. Cross with three dots in each of three corners. Denarius.

Gariel XXXIII, 196 (Glizy find).

Berlin: 1.38 gr.

Find: Glizy.

1389. Obv.: +GRACIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +REMISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 301, 302; Gariel XXXIII, 194 (Glizy find); BMS 247.

Kress Oct. 1960, 1475; Kress Nov. 1966, 1478.

Paris: 1.45 gr., 1.50 gr., Berlin: 1.27 gr.; ANS: 1.67 gr. ( Plate XLIII); BM: (SSB-127–56) 1.64 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 116) 1.52 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.65 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1251) 1.52 gr., (T. 1250) 1.78 gr.; Grierson: 1.45 gr.

Find: Glizy; "ANS Find."

CHéLONS-SUR-MARNE

1390. Obv.: +CRAT.. .EX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + / CATA/AVN/•, with a line of dots between the lines of the inscription. Obolus.

Gariel XLIX, 19 (du Lac Coll.).

PARIS

1391. Obv.: +CRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + / PARISl/CIVITA/ +, with a line of dots between the inscription. Denarius.

Prou 334; Gariel LI, 57 (Gariel Coll.).

Kricheldorf May 1956, 369; Kress Oct. 1960, 667; Théry Coll., 538 (ex Bordeaux Coll.).

Paris: 1.60 gr.; Berlin: 1.44 gr. (Plate XLIII); ANS: 1.72 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1246) 0.99 gr.; Garrett: (6161) 1.24 gr.; Grierson: 1.23 gr. (damaged); 1.68 gr.; Hermitage: 1.09 gr.

Find: Evreux.

1392. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + / PARIS/SIVI -/+. Denarius.

Gariel LI, 58 (Gariel Coll.).

1393. Obv.: +CRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + / PARSI/CIVITA / +, with a line of dots between the lines of the inscription. Denarius.

Prou 335.

Paris: 1.32 gr.

1394. Obv.: +CRATIAD-... Karolus monogram.

Rev.: :./PARI/ISII+, with a line of dots between the lines of the inscription. Obolus.

Prou 336 = Gariel LI, 56.

Paris: 0.82 gr. (Plate XLIII).

1395. Obv.: +CRATAIPEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + I PARISI/CIVITA/+. Obolus.

Gariel LI, 59 (Cabinet de France, but not in Prou).

ST-DENIS

1396. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: :./SCIΔIO/NVSII/:., with three bars, one above and one below each line of the inscription. Denarius.

Prou 354; Gariel LI, 69 (Poey déAvant, no. 20).

Gariel Coll., 1234; Meyer Coll., 414; Motte Coll., 140; Théry Coll., 539. Paris: 1.53 gr.; Berlin: 1.65 gr. (Plate XLIV).

MEAUX

1397. Obv.: ...RATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+ /MEIbI/ SCIAIS/ +, with a line of dots between the lines of the inscription. Denarius.

Gariel L, 42 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1219, 1220; Bordeaux Coll., 339.

Berlin: 1.11 gr.

1398. Obv.: +GRĀTéAPimageEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + /MELI/CIVIS/ + (retrograde). Denarius.

Gariel L, 43 (Poey déAvant, no. 6005).

1399. Obv.: ...RATIADIR... Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + /MELDI/- -IAIS/ +. Obolus.

Gariel L, 44 (Combrouse, pl. XL, 2).

Berlin: 0.26gr. (fragment).

Neustria

LISIEUX

1400. Obv.: +CAROLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: +LIXOVIVSCIV. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel L, 38 (Combrouse, pl. XXV, 1).

BEAUGENCY

1401. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IEEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +BAIEENTICASTR. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLIX, 5 (Evreux find).

Gariel Coll., 1204.

Berlin: 1.10 gr.

Find: Evreux, 1.12 gr., 1.15 gr.; Evreux (St-Taurin).

1402. Obv.: imageGRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +BALGENTICASTR◊. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal comers. Denarius.

Gariel XLIX, 6 (RN 1839, p. 204).

1403. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +BAICENTISCASTELI. Cross. Denarius.

Bourgey Pricelist II 1961, 292.

LE MANS

1404. Obv.: XGRMĀIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CII◊IIAIIISCVI.. . T image . Cross. Denarius.

Gariel L, 35 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1215; Bordeaux Coll., 337.

Berlin: 1.08 gr., and one additional exemplar lost, no weight recorded.

Find: Evreux.

1405. Obv.: +CPATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CINODANISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LIV, 25 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1252; Hess 1905, 58.

Berlin: 1.12 gr., 1.46gr.

TOURS

1406. Obv.: imageϽII.. .TARX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: . .TVN◊NESCR. .TA... Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXVI, 270.

ANGERS

1407. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ANDEGAVISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXV, 9 (Gariel Coll.).

Hamburger Nov. 1912, 58; Hamburger Feb. 1928, 1789; Cahn April 1929, 20; Kress Oct. 1960, 1430.

Berlin: 1.50 gr.

1408. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ANDECAVISCIVITAS. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Prou 438; Gariel XLIX, 1 (Gariel Coll.), 2 (Gariel Coll., var., one dot in one corner of reverse cross).

Gariel Coll., 1201, 1202; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1283.

Paris: 1.45 gr.; Berlin: 1.65 gr. (Plate XLIV); Stuttgart: (MV/1956/ 256) 1.50 gr.

Find: Courbanton II; Courbanton III; Evreux.

The presence of this type in the three finds specified indicates that it was struck both by Charles the Bald and by Charles the Simple.

ORLéANS

1409. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +AVREIIANISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 521.

Paris: 1.57 gr.

Find: Bourgneuf; Vaux-de-Vire; Savigné-sous-le-Lude; Cuerdale.

The presence of this type in the four finds specified indicates that it was struck both by Charles the Bald and by Charles the Simple.

1410. Obv.: +CRITIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +-AVR◊ELNSCIATAϩ. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLIX, 4 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1224; Hess Oct. 1903, 1342.

ETAMPES

1411. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Cross.

Rev.: + /STAM/bIS/ ++. Denarius.

Gariel LIII, 21 (Cabinet de France, but not in Prou. RN 1839, p. 100).

1412. Obv.: +IHLimageXREX-I. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +STAMPISCASTELLVM. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel LVII, 14 (Cabinet de France, but not in Prou).

Burgundy

TROYES

1413. Obv.: +CDACIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TRECASCIVI:. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 549. (Prou comments, "Ce denier néa pas été frappé avant la fin du Xe siécle ou le commencement du Xle siécle.")

Rousseau Coll., 517; Bordeaux Coll., 315; Meyer Coll., 420; Schulman Oct. 1913, 397; Frankfurter Ménzhandl. January 1957, 442; Kress Oct. 1960, 1483.

Paris: 1.35 gr.; ANS: 1.51 gr. (Plate XLIV); Copenhagen: (K. P. 356) 1.45 gr.

1414. Obv.: +CATIAD-IPEX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ECASCIVITAS (retrograde). Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXVI, 273 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1054.

Berlin: 1.21 gr.

SENS

1415. Obv.: +CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: SENO/•/NES. Denarius.

Prou 570; Gariel LI, 71 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1235.

Paris: 1.23 gr.; Berlin: 1.29 gr.

1416. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Cross.

Rev.: SENO/•/NES. Denarius.

Prou 569.

Paris: 1.36 gr.

SEMUR

1417. Obv.: +CRATAR-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SIMENVROCASTRO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXXV, 241 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1033.

Berlin: 1.72 gr. (Plate XLIV).

ST. NAZAIR (AUTUN)

1418. Obv.: +CARLGRATD-I. image, in field.

Rev.: +MONT.SNAZ. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel XXXIX, 15 (Poey d'Avant, no. 5637; de Ferrari Coll.).

Find: Issy-l'Evéque.

1419. Obv.: +KARL.CTD. image, in field.

Rev.: +MON +SNAZ. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 603; Gariel XXXIX, 16 (Gariel Coll.), 17 (Poey déAvant, no. 5639).

Rousseau Coll., 446; Gariel Coll., 1120; Hamburger Sept. 1926, 16; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1957, 691, 1.76 gr.; Lockett Coll., 355; Kricheldorf Nov. 1960, 313; Tinchant Pricelist Feb. 1962, 164; Théry Coll., 514. Paris: 1.70 gr.; ANS: 1.71 gr., 1.74 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XLIV); Grier-son: 1.32 gr. (var.); Hermitage: 1.74 gr.; Vienna: 1.59 gr.

1420. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel XXXIX, 18 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1121; Meyer Coll., 336.

Berlin: (Plate XLIV).

Aquitaine

LIMOGES

1421. Obv.: +CARLVSREXR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + LIM◊VICASCIVIS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel L, 37 (Cuerdale find); BMS 248.

Berlin: ( PLATE XLIV); BM: (38–7-10–1150-Cuerdale) 1.80 gr.

Find: Cuerdale.

1422. Obv.: +CARLVSREXFR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.:+ LIM◊VICASCIVI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXIII, 57 (Combrouse, pl. XXVIII, no. 18).

Berlin: 1.78 gr.

Provence

ARLES

1423. Obv.: +CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELACIVSX. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 862.

Bordeaux Coll., 244; Ménzhandl. Basel Dec. 1935, 24.

Paris: 1.55 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 850) 1.38 gr. (Plate XLIV).

Indeterminate Mints

1424. Obv.: +CARLVSREX. Cross with one S in each of two diagonal corners.

Rev.: ...LE..OOIIIimage. Head en face. Denarius.

(Grunthal, p. 53, suggests an attribution to Blainville near Lunéville).

Gariel XLIX, 12 (Gariel Coll.), 13 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1205, 1206, 1207; Meyer Coll., 402; Bordeaux Coll., 338; Hess Oct. 1903, 1341; Peus Nov. 1954, 1762.

Berlin: 0.76 gr., 0.88 gr.

1425. Obv.: +CARLVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: BLE↑ONIS. Temple. Denarius.

(Grunthal, p. 53, suggests an attribution to Blainville near Lunéville).

Gariel XLIX, 9 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 520; Hirsch April 1960, 1354; Théry Coll., 533. Berlin: 0.88 gr., 0.97 gr., 0.99 gr.; Brussels (var.); Copenhagen: (K. P. 777) 0.75 gr., (K. Pr., p. 130) 1.08 gr., (T. 3410) 1.20 gr.

Find: Haute-Isle.

1426. Obv.: +CA... VSREX. Cross.

Rev.:BL image ONIS. Temple. Obolus.

(Grunthal, p. 53, suggests an attribution to Blainville near Lunéville).

Gariel XLIX, 10 (Meyer Coll.); BMS 250.

Meyer Coll., 403.

BM: (57–9-1–44-IGP) 0.85 gr.

1427. Obv.: +CA.. .SRE... Cross with one circle in each of two diagonal corners.

Rev.: BLLDoNIS. Temple roof surmounted by a cross and resting on two steps. S beneath. Denarius.

Vatican: 0.76 gr. (fragment).

1428. Obv.: +CRATIADREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +BOIOIIISCIVII. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXVII, 54 (BM); BMS 251.

BM: (38–7-10–1163-Cuerdale), 1.196 gr.

Find: Cuerdale.

1429. Obv.: +CARLVSRCX. Cross.

Rev.: +BRIVIOVICI. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 944; Gariel XXII, 47 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 833; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1948, 163.

Paris: 1.77 gr.; Berlin: 1.76 gr.

Find: Tiszaeszlér (rev. inscription is recorded as BRIVIO).

1430. Obv,: +CAILVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: IBRIVIOVICO. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Grierson: 0.84 gr.

1431. Obv.: +CPATIADI. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + /CASEI/CIITA/ +, with a line of dots between the lines of the inscription. Obolus.

Prou 973 = Gariel XLIX, 18.

Paris: 0.51 gr. (Plate XLIV).

1432. Obv.: +CRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: + / CAS ┴I / CIITAS/ +, with a line of dots between the lines of the inscription. Denarius.

Prou 974 = Gariel XLIX, 17 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1210; Meyer Coll., 398.

Paris: 1.42 gr. (Plate XLIV); Berlin: 0.70 gr.; Blunt: 1.59 gr.

1433. Obv.: +HROLVSPIVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: TORE/•/NACIVIT. Denarius.

Gariel LII, 82 (RBN 1863, pl. XIV, 5).

Find: Cuerdale(?).

1434. Obv.: GRATIAD-IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VEИDEИISCASTR◊. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 966; Gariel LII, 84 (Evreux find).

Paris: 1.46 gr. (Plate XLIV).

Find: Roches-léEvéque; Evreux; Evreux (St-Taurin).

1435. Obv.: +CRATIAD-REX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VENDENISCASTR◊. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Prou 967 = Gariel LII, 85; Gariel XXXVI, 281 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1060; Meyer Coll., 316; Kricheldorf May 1956, 355; Kress Oct. 1960, 1484; Théry Coll., 500.

Paris: 1.52 gr.; Berlin: 1.13 gr., 1.47 gr. (Plate XLIV); ANS: 1.12 gr. (Kress specimen).

1436. Obv.: +CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: X+PIANAREIICIO. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 1067; Gariel XLV, 62 (Gariel Coll., var.).

Paris: 1.75 gr.; ANS: 1.32 gr., 1.92 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 150) 1.34 gr., (Inv. 147) 1.39 gr., (Inv. 149) 1.45 gr., (Inv. 148) 1.59 gr.

1437. Obv.: +CARLVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: X+RIAIIAIICIO. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 1068; Gariel XLV, 69 (Gariel Coll.).

Paris: 1.50 gr. (Plate XLIV); Berlin: 1.40 gr., 1.53 gr.

1438. Obv.: +CARLVSPIX. Cross.

Rev.: X+RIAIIACIO. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Prou 1069; cf. Gariel XLV, 70 (Langres find).

Paris: 0.63 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 129) 0.73 gr. (var.).

Find: Langres.

1439. Obv.: +CARLVSPIX. Cross.

Rev.: X+RIAIIAIICIO, Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Copenhagen: (K. P. 841) 1.46 gr.

For additional types supposedly struck both by Charles the Bald and by Charles the Simple, see the listings for Angers, Blois, "BRVDON-SONT," Bruges, Cambrai, Evreux, Le Mans, Melle, Orléans, Paris, and Tours under Charles the Bald.

LATE NINTH-CENTURY ISSUES IN THE NAME OF AN EMPEROR CHARLES

Alsace

STRASSBURG

1440. Obv.: +KAROLVSRIMPREX. Cross.

Rev.: ARGENTI/../HACIVIT. Denarius.

J. Lelewel, Numismatique du moyen-âge;, pt. I (Paris, 1835), p. 88.

Lorraine

MAASTRICHT

1441. Obv.: +INPERATORACVSTVS. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +INPORTOTRIIECTO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 90 = Gariel XL, 16.

Paris: 1.65 gr. (Plate XLIV).

1442. Obv.: +INPIRATORACVSTVS. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +INPORTOTRIECTO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 91.

Paris: 1.66 gr.

MONS

1443. Obv.: +CAROLVSINRA. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CASTRALOCMO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 106.

Paris: 1.69 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 130) 1.29 gr. (var.+CAROVϩMRIAI; C Aϩ TRALOCI MO).

1444. Obv.: +CAROLVSINRAT. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CASTRALOCIMO. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XL, 19 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1131 (ex Glizy).

Berlin: 1.49 gr. (Plate XLIV); Brussels: 1.57 gr.

Find: Glizy.

ST-GéRY (CAMBRAl)

1445. Obv.: +IMPERATORAGVST. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SCIGAVGERICIMON. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 125 = Gariel XLII, 56.

Paris: 1.60 gr.; ANS: 1.66 gr. (Plate XLV).

Find: Laxfield; Courbanton III.

METZ

1446. Obv.: +MIRERATORA/. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +METTISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XL, 17 (Robert, p. 209).

Berlin: 1.46 gr., 1.47 gr. (Plate XLV).

1447. Obv.: + ... IIRERRA+OP.A. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +METTISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XL, 18 (Cuerdale find).

Find: Cuerdale.

1448. Obv.: +IEIREIPATORA/ Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +METTISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

BMS 252.

BM: (38–7-10–1154-Cuerdale) 1.47 gr. Probably the foregoing entry.

Find: Cuerdale.

VERDUN

1449. Obv.: +IMPERATORAVG. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VIPDVNICIVITAS. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Prou 155.

Paris: 1.57 gr. (Plate XLV).

Find: Assen.

1450. Obv.: +IMPERATORACVST. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VIRDVNICIVITAS. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Find: Bligny.

1451. Obv.: +IMPERATORA/G. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VIRDVИCIVITAS. Cross with one ball in each of two diagonal comers. Denarius.

Meyer Coll., 365.

Berlin: 1.48 gr. (Plate XLV); ANS: 1.51 gr. (VRDVNICIVITAS).

Find: "ANS Find."

1452. Obv.: +IMPERATORI. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VIRDVNICIVITS. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Prou 156, 157 (var.), 158 (var.).

Paris: 1.39 gr., 1.36 gr., 1.36 gr.; Brussels: (Inv. 86 var.) 1.18 gr.

Find: "Verdun."

1453. Obv.: +IMPERATORI. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VIRDVИICIVI. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Prou 159, 160 (var.), 161 (var.).

Paris: 1.37 gr., 1.29 gr., 1.34 gr.

Find: "Verdun."

1454. Obv.: +IMPERATORA. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VIRDVNICIVI. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Prou 162.

Paris: 1.32 gr.

Find: "Verdun."

1455. Obv.: +IMPERATI. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VI∩imageVИCIVI. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Prou 164.

Paris: 1.07 gr.

1456. Obv.: +IMPERATI. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VIRimageVNICIV. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Prou 163; Gariel XLI, 26 (Robert, pl. XIV, 9).

Paris: 1.36 gr.

Find: "Verdun;" Hon.

1457. Obv.: +REXIMPERATOR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VIRDVNVMCVI. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Prou 154; Gariel XLII, 59 (Gariel Coll.); Robert Coll. 1054.

Gariel Coll., 1153; Meyer Coll., 317; Cahn March 1913, 25. A forged reverse die exists. Cf. Grierson, ANSCent. Publ., p. 313, 9.

Paris: 1.18 gr.; Berlin: 1.39 gr.; Dickie: 1.25 gr.

1458. Obv.: +REXIMPERATOR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VIRDVNICIVITAS. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

ANS: 1.47 gr. (VIRDVNCIVITAS).

Find: Bligny; "ANS Find."

Francia

TOURNAI

1459. Obv.: +CDATIAD-IIMDER. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TORNAIIPORTI. Cross. Denarius.

Marcel Hoc, Bulletin de la Socété franéaise de numismatique (Feb. 1966), pp. 12f., cites a denarius in the collection of M. R. Symoens, Brussels, with rev. inscription TVRNACO CIVIT. Hoc assigns these coins to the reign of Charles the Bald.

1460. Obv.: +CDATIIAD-VMRER. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TORIIAIPORT. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 204 = Gariel XLI, 23.

Paris: 1.78 gr. (Plate XLV).

Find: Glizy.

Prou 205; Gariel XXXVI, 265 (Gariel Coll., Arras find), XLI, 24 (same piece).

Gariel Coll., 1133.

Berlin: 1.72 gr.; Brussels: 1.72 gr.

Find: Arras.

LENS

1461. Obv.: +IRATIAD-IIMR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +LENNISFISCO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 213; Gariel XL, 15 (Combrouse, pl. XXXI, 4).

Paris: 1.64 gr. (Plate XLV); Berlin: 1.41 gr.

Burgundy

AUXERRE

1462. Obv.: +CAROLVSIMPAV. Cross.

Rev.: +AVTISIDERCIVIS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XXIV, 86 (Auxerre).

1463. Obv.: ... ARLVSIimageP... Cross.

Rev.: +AVTISIRECIVIT. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Prou 592.

Paris: 0.59 gr.

NEVERS

1464. Obv.: +CARLVSIimagePAVC. Cross.

Rev.: +∩EVER∩ISCIVIT. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 596; Gariel XXIV, 91 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 253.

Paris: 1.36 gr., (596a) 1.30 gr. (Plate XLV); Berlin: 1.56 gr., 1.60 gr.; ANS: 1.45 gr., 1.55 gr.; Blunt: 1.59 gr.; Bodleian/Ashmolean (two exemplars); BM: (38–7-10–1131-Cuerdale) 1.48gr.; Brussels: 1.48 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. p. 152) 1.34 gr.; Holmes: 1.61 gr.; Van Rede: (B1260) 1.54 gr.

Find: Gannat; Cuerdale; Issy-l'Evéue.

1465. Obv.: +CARLVSlimagePAimageC. Cross.

Rev.: +∩EVER∩ISCIVITAI. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 597.

Cahn Dec. 1932, 1309; Cahn 1934, 2257; Ménzhandl. Basel Oct. 1936, 318; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1957, 688, 1.66gr.; Kress Oct. 1960, 1460, 1491.

Paris: 1.57 gr.; Van Rede: (B1261) 1.61 gr.

Find: Moulin-Gargot, 1.77 gr.

1466. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Find: Moulin-Gargot, 0.83 gr.

1467. Obv.: +CARLVSIMPAVC. Cross.

Rev.: +∩EVER∩ISClVIT. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Prou 598.

Meyer Coll., 226; Kricheldorf May 1956, 359; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1964,

19.

Paris: 0.52 gr.; Berlin: 0.82 gr.; ANS: 0.64 gr.

1468. Obv.: +CARLVSIMPAVC. Cross.

Rev.: +∩EVER∩ISCVTA. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

ANS: 1.57 gr.

Find: Moulin-Gargot, 1.72 gr.

1469. Obv.: +image Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +image. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Gariel XL, 13 (Gariel Coll.).

1470. Obv.: +KRO+IVS+AVC. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +IN+TER+ϽIIIimage. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Gariel XL, 14 (Cuerdale).

Find: Cuerdale.

LANGRES

1471. Obv.: +KAROLVSIMPR. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +LINGONISCIVITAϩ. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 610; Gariel XLII, 49 (var., +K;AROLVSIMPR, stock of Hoffmann).

Paris: 1.49 gr.

CHALON-SUR-SAȎNE

1472. Obv.: +NCAROLVSIMPER. Cross.

Rev.: +CAVNONIϩCIVIϩ. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 617.

Théry Coll., 440; Jean Vinchon Nov. 1966, 63.

Paris: 1.68 gr.

Find: Bourgneuf (var.); Chalon-sur-Saéne (1893); Hoard of the Holy Family (?).

1473. Obv.: +IICAIOIVSIIIPEP. Cross.

Rev.: +CAVNOHCIVIϩ. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 618.

Paris: 1.82 gr.; ANS: 1.57 gr.

1474. Obv.: +IICAIOLVSIIIPER. Cross.

Rev.: +CAVNONIϩCIVϩ. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 619.

Bordeaux Coll., 293.

Paris: 1.73 gr.; ANS: 1.67 gr., 1.73 gr., 1.75 gr. (Plate XLV); Brussels: 1–55 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 828) 1.70 gr.

1475. Obv.: +CHAIOIVSIREP. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CAVIIONISCIV. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XXIV, 89 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 862; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1949, 469; Kricheldorf May 1956, 358.

Berlin: 1.38 gr., 1.57 gr., 1.60 gr.

1476. Obv.: +ϽIIAIOIVSIMPEP. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CAVILONIϩCIVϩ. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 620.

Paris: 1.65 gr.

1477. Obv.: +ϽIIAIOIVSIIIPEP. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CAVNONIϩCIVϩ. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 621.

Paris: 1.66gr.; Brussels: 1.72 gr.

Find: Bourgneuf; Chalon-sur-Saéne (1956).

1478. Obv.: IIAIDIVSIIIPEP. Karolus monogram.

Rev,: +CAVILONIϩ. Cross. Denarius.

Find: Bourgneuf.

Aquitaine

BOURGES

1479. Obv.: +CARLVSIimagePAimageC. Cross.

Rev.: +BITVRICESCIVIT. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 743, 744.

Rousseau Coll., 410; Gariel Coll., 824–832; Meyer Coll., 221; Cahn Dec. 1932 1301; Hess, Lucerne July 1933, 85; Cahn 1934, 2257; Frankfurter Ménzhandl. April 1960, 254; Kress Oct. 1960, 1487.

Paris: 1.70 gr., 1.31 gr.; ANS: 1.69 gr., 1.71 gr. (Plate XLV); Blunt: 1.72 gr.; Bodleian/Ashmolean (two exemplars); Brussels: 1.42 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 366) 1.70 gr., (K. P. 727) 1.55 gr.; Grierson: 1.59 gr:, 1.77 gr.; Holmes: 1.82 gr.; Munich: 1.48 gr.; Vatican: 1.16 gr.; Yale:1.70gr.

Find: Bonnevaux; Evreux; Evreux (St-Taurin); Moulin-Gargot; Cuerdale; Bourges (1931).

1480. Obv.: +CARLVSIimagePAVC. Cross.

Rev.: +BITVRICESCIVIT. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Prou 745, 746; Gariel XXIV, 88 (de Laugardiére Coll.); BMS 254–256. Ménzhandl. Basel, Oct. 1936, 316; Schulman 1931, 112, 113, 114; Kricheldorf May 1956, 357; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1964, 15.

Paris: 0.67 gr., 0.77 gr.; Berlin: 0.75 gr.; BM: (38–7-10–1129-Cuerdale) 1.56 gr., (1908–10-11–253) 1.47 gr., (and one additional exemplar without inventory number) 1.48 gr.; Hermitage: 1.69 gr.; Van Rede: (B1252) 0.86 gr.

Find: Bonnevaux; Gannat; Moulin-Gargot; Cuerdale.

1481. Obv.: +CARLVSIMPAVC. Cross.

Rev.: +BIéTVRCESCIVIT. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XLII, 45 (Gariel Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 344.

Berlin: 1.51 gr., 1.63 gr.

1482. Obv.: +CARLVSIMPAVC. Cross.

Rev.: +BITYRICESCIVIT. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XLII, 44 (Cuerdale find).

Rousseau Coll., 521, 522; Hamburger Feb. 1928, 1798.

Find: Arras; Gannat; Moulin-Gargot, 1.65 gr., 1.71 gr., 1.71 gr.; Cuerdale.

1483. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Find: Moulin-Gargot, 0.65 gr.

1484. Obv.: +CARLVSIimagePAC. Cross.

Rev.: +BITVRICESCIVI. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 747.

Kress Oct. 1960, 1488; Kress Nov. 1966, 1481.

Paris: 1.58 gr.; ANS: 1.47 gr.; Grierson: 1.67 gr., 1.76 gr.; Nelson: (53.114.1873).

1485. Obv.: +CARLVSIMPAimageG. Cross.

Rev.: +BITVRICESCIVI. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XLII, 44 (Gariel Coll.).

Cahn Sept. 1932, 1310; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1301; Cahn 1934, 2256; Gaettens Dec. 1955, 154; Frankfurter Ménzhandl. April 1960, 254; Kress Dec. 1961, 665.

Vienna: 1.30 gr.

Find: Courbanton II; Courbanton III; Moulin-Gargot, 1.72 gr.

1486. Obv.: +CARLVSIimagePAVC. Cross.

Rev.: +BITVRICESCIVT. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 748.

Paris: 1.60 gr.; Hermitage: 1.65 gr.; Vatican: 1.28 gr.

1487. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Find: Moulin-Gargot, 0.65 gr.

Toulousain

TOULOUSE

1488. Obv.: +CARLVSIMPR-. Cross.

Rev.: +TOLOSA+CIVI. CA/RL, in field. Denarius.

Prou 821; Gariel XLII, 57 (Gariel Coll.), 58 (Gariel Coll., var.); BMS 257.

Gariel Coll., 1151, 1152; Bordeaux Coll., 312; Théry Coll., 520.

Paris: 1.64 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XLV); ANS; 1.32 gr.; BM: (38–7-10–1132, damaged) 1.39 gr.; Grierson: 1.41 gr.

Find: Cuerdale; Hoard of the Holy Family; Vereb.

1489. Obv.: +CARIVSIMIR. Cross.

Rev.: TOLOSA+CIVI. CA/RI, in field. Denarius.

Gariel LII, 78 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1240; Meyer Coll., 422.

Berlin: 1.01 gr., 1.20 gr., 1.71 gr.

1490. Obv.: +CARLVSIMR. Cross.

Rev.: +TOLOimageA+CIVI. CA/RL, in field. Obolus.

Prou 822; Gariel LII, 79 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1241; Meyer Coll., 423; Bordeaux Coll., 346.

Paris: 0.60 gr., Berlin: 0.58 gr.

Septimania

BéZIERS

1491. Obv.: +CARLVSINP. Cross.

Rev.: +BISTERRIS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XXIV, 87 (Poey (déAvant, 3813).

1492. Obv.: +CARLVSIMP. Cross.

Rev.: +BISTERRIS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XLII, 39 (Musée déAvignon).

Find: Avignon.

1493. Obv.: +CARLVSINPR. Cross.

Rev.: +BISTERRISCIV. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Gariel XLII, 40 (RN 1837, p. 342).

Find: Avignon.

NIMES

1494. Obv.: +KARLVSIИPER. Cross.

Rev.: +ИIWISCIVISX. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XL, 20 (Musée déAvignon).

Gariel Coll., 1132.

Berlin: 1.42 gr. (Plate XLV).

1495. Obv.: +KARLVSIИRER. Cross standing upon a C.

Rev.: +ИIMISCIVIS+. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XLI, 21 (Musée déAvignon).

Provence

ARLES

1496. Obv.: +CARLVSINPERAT. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELACIVIS.+ Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 869; Gariel XL, 10 (Musée déAvignon); BMS 258.

Rousseau Coll., 429–434; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1308 (thirteen varieties from a French hoard).

Paris: 1.58 gr.; Berlin: 1.32 gr., 1.65 gr. (Plate XLV); BM: (1908–10-11–253-Lincoln) 1.67 gr.; Brussels: 1.31 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 727, 366) 1.27 gr., 1.47 gr.; Hermitage: 1.22 gr., 1.58 gr.; Stuttgart: (2vIIU. 1954/252) 1.33 gr.; Yale: 1.55 gr.

1497. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel XL, 12 (Musée déAvignon).

Berlin: 0.74 gr.

1498. Obv.: +CARLVSIIIPERAT. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELACIVIS+. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Prou 870.

Paris: 0.48 gr.

1499. Obv.: +CARLVSINPERA. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELACIVISX. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 861.

Cahn Oct. 1929, 907.

Paris: 1.74 gr.; ANS: 1.58 gr. (CIVIIS)

Find: Bourgneuf; Avignon; Bonnevaux.

1500. Obv.: +CARLVSINPERA. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELVCIA... I+. Karolus monogram. Denarius. Prou 872.

Paris: 1.50 gr.

Find: Avignon.

1501. Obv.: +CARLVSIИPERA. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELACIVISX. Karolus monogram. Denarius. Prou 871.

Paris: 1.37 gr.; Munich: 1.35 gr.

Find: Avignon.

1502. Obv.: +CAROLVSINPERI. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELACIVIS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XL, 11 (Musée d' Avignon).

Berlin: 1.33 gr.

Find: Avignon.

1503. Obv.: +CARLVSIИRER. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELACIVIS+. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 873.

Paris: 1.61 gr.

Find: Avignon.

1504. Obv.: +IAREVSIMRER. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELACIVIS+ Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 874.

Paris: 1.67 gr.; ANS: 1.54 gr.

Find: Avignon.

1505. Obv.: +CARVISNPERT. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELVCIASI+ Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 875.

Paris: 1.62 gr.; Hermitage: 1.56gr.

Find: Avignon.

1506. Obv.: +CARLVSINERAT. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELVCIAIS+ Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 876; BMS 259.

Paris: 1.48 gr. (Plate XLV); BM: (57–9-1–31-IGP) 1.63 gr.; Copen-hagen: (K. P. p. 130) 1.50 gr.

Find: Avignon.

1507. Obv.: +EARLVSINREV. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELACIVIS+. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 877.

Paris: 1.59 gr. (Plate XLV).

Find: Avignon.

1508. Obv.: +CARLVSNPEART. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELACIVIS+. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 878; BMS 260.

Paris: 1.55 gr.; BM: (57–9-1–30-IGP) 1.59 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1260) 1.60 gr. (var.).

Find: Avignon.

1509. Obv.: +CARLVSNREART. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELACIVIS+. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 879.

Paris: 1.48 gr.; Brussels: 1.47 gr.; Grierson: 1.42 gr., 1.52 gr.

Find: Avignon.

1510. Obv.: +CARLVSNPERA. Cross.

Rev.: +CARLEACIVIS+. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Find: Avignon.

1511. Obv.: +CARLVSNPEAT. Cross.

Rev.: +XARELACIVIS. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Find: Avignon.

1512. Obv.: +CARLVSIIIRERAT. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELACIVIS+. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Find: Avignon.

1513. Obv.: +... VSIMPET. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELACIVIS. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Find: Avignon.

1514. Obv.: +CARLVSNPEART. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELACIVIS+. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 880.

Paris: 1.61 gr.

1515. Obv.: +CARLVSIIPEAT. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELVCIAIS+. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 881.

Paris: 1.52 gr.

1516. Obv.: +... .ARLVS.. .PERA.. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELVCITAIS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Vienna: 1.55 gr.

1517. Obv.: +CARLVSIMPERAT. Cross.

Rev.: +ARVLACIVIS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Vienna: 1.30 gr.

Italy

PAVIA

1518. Obv.: +KARLWSIMPATOR. Cross.

Rev.: PĀPIĀ in one line. Denarius.

Gariel XLI, 22 (Combrouse, pl. XLIX, 18).

Indeterminate Mints

1519. Obv.: +IMPERATORI. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CASVSELTLOI. Cross. Denarius.

Meyer Coll., 224.

Paris: (979b) 1.55 gr.

Find: Bourgneuf.

1520. Obv.: +KARL.. .TA+. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +TERTIVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Berlin: 1.82 gr.

1521. Obv.:+CAR... V... Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TERTIVSIMP (retrograde). Cross. Denarius.

Berlin: 1.85 gr.

1522. Obv.: +CARLVSIHPERA. Cross.

Rev.: +VCECIVSCIVIS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XLI, 25 (Musée cTAvignon).

Find: Avignon.

1523. Obv.: +CARLVSINPERA. Cross.

Rev.: +XPISTIANAREIICO. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XLII, 41 (Musée d'Avignon).

Find: Avignon.

1524. Obv.: +CARLVSIMREA. Cross.

Rev.: +XPISTIANAREIICO. Karolus monogram.

Denarius. Gariel XLV, 67 (RN 1837, p. 342).

1525. Obv.: +HCAROLVSIMPER. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +R1STIANAREIICIO. Temple. Denarius.

CNI V, p. 22, 3, 5 (var.); Helbing Oct. 1933, 1308; Hirsch Nov. 1958, 739.

ANS: 1.72 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 1937:192) 1.30 gr.; Papadopoli: (177) 1.23 gr., (176) 1.75 gr.

1526. Obv.: +HCAROLVSIMPERA. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +PISTIANARELICIO. Temple. Broad-flan denarius.

BMS 261.

CNI V, p. 22, 1, 2 (var.); p. 25, 5.

Berlin: 1.40 gr., 1.52 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.81 gr., 1.83 gr.; ANS: 1.75 gr.; BM: (57–9-1–42-IGP) 1.77 gr.; Frisian Museum: 1.19 gr., (var.); The Hague: (Inv. 1937:191) 1.70 gr.; Papadopoli: (174) 1.62 gr., (175) 1.87 gr.

Find: Marsum; Chalon-sur-Saéne (1956); Odoorn.

1527. Obv.: +HCARIOLAIIPE+. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +PISTIANR.. .O. Temple. Broad-flan denarius.

Frisian Museum: 1.53 gr.

Find: Marsum.

1528. Obv.: +HCAROLVSIMPIRA. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPIITIANARELICIO. Temple. Broad-flan denarius.

CNI V, p. 22, 7.

Papadopoli: (179) 1.58 gr., (178) 1.75 gr.

1529. Obv.: +HCAROLVIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +PISIIANARILIGIO. Temple. Broad-flan denarius.

Copenhagen: (T. 1267) 1.83 gr.; Papadopoli: (188) 0.92 gr. (var.).

1530. Obv.: +CAROLVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +XPISTIANAREIICIO. Temple. Broad-flan denarius.

BMS 262.

BM: (1906–11-3–5596) 1.82 gr.

1531. Obv.: +KAR0LVS1MP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +PIST1ANARELICIO. Temple. Broad-flan denarius.

CNI V, p. 25, 6, 7 (var.), 8 (var.).

Berlin: 1.52 gr., 1.69 gr., 1.75 gr., 1.77 gr.; ANS: 1.54 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 1936:879) 0.95 gr. (fragment); Papadopoli: (187) 1.45 gr., (185) 1.64 gr., (186) 1.72 gr.; Vienna: 1.27 gr.

Find: Odoorn, 1.60 gr., 1.80 gr.; Assen.

ARNULF (887–899)

East Francia

MAINZ

1532. Obv.: +ARimageOLDVimageRE. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: MOCOimageCIVECIVIT. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 36; BMS 263.

Cahn Dec. 1922, 525; Cahn Oct. 1924, 18; Cahn March 1926, 45; Helbing Oct. 1927, 2375; Riechman Dec. 1934, 327*

Paris: 1.70gr.; ANS: 1.70 gr.; BM: (57–9-1–46-IGP) 1.65 gr.; Frankfurt a.M.: 1.94 gr.

1533. Obv.: +ARimageOimageDVC∀imageR .. .Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: MOCONCIAECIVIT. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 37; cf. Gariel LXII, 1 (Gariel Coll.).

Cahn Oct. 1926, 99; Cahn 1929, 46.

Paris: 1.39 gr.; Berlin: 1.54 gr., 1.67 gr.; ANS: 1.75 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1274) 1.71 gr., (T. 1272) 1.72 gr., (T. 1273) 1.74 gr. (Plate XLVI); Grierson: 1.40 gr.; Hannover: (Inv. 1961...) 1.81 gr.; Munich: 1.43 gr., 1.45 gr., 1.47 gr., 1.50 gr., 1.55 gr., 1.58 gr., 1.60 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.70 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.74 gr., 1.77 gr., 1.85 gr., 1.87 gr., 1.94 gr.; Stuttgart: (IIv/1951/255) 1.52 gr.; Vienna: 1.60 gr., 1.71 gr., 1.72 gr., 1.78 gr., 1.78 gr.

REGENSBURG

1534. Obv.: +ARNVLFVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +REGINACIVITAS+. Temple. Denarius.

Berlin: 1.43 gr. (Plate XLVI).

Lorraine

TOUL

1535. Obv.: +ARimageVLFVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +TVLLOCIVITAS. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Prou 136.

Ménz. u. Med. June 1951, 374; Cahn March 1913, 25. The Cahn specimen is a forgery. Cf. Grierson, ANSCent. Publ., p. 314, 10.

Paris: 1.17 gr.; Berlin: 1.28 gr. (Plate XLVI).Arttulf

Italy

MILAN

1536. Obv.: +ARNVLFVimagePIVimageREX. Cross.

Rev.: MEDIOLANVMCIVIS. Temple. Denarius.

CNI V, p. 33, 1; Gnecchi, pl. II, 1; Hamburger May 1901, 2535. Forgeries of this coin exist, cf. P. Grierson, ANSCent. Publ., p. 314, 11. Berlin (Plate XLVI); Munich: (lost, represented by plaster cast. No weight recorded).

1537.Obv.: +ARNVLFVSPIVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: BERENCARIVSRIX. Temple, with MEDI in place of columns. Denarius.

CNI V, p. 458, 1a; Gnecchi, pl. II, 2; Hamburger May 1901, 2536. Forgeries exist, cf. P. Grierson, ANSCent. Publ., p. 315, 12.

PAVIA

1538. Obv.: +ARNVLFVSPIVSRE. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: INPAPIACIVITAS. Temple. Broad-flan denarius.

CNI IV, p. 473. 1 (Arnulf alone).

1539. Obv. : +ARNVLFVSPIVSRE. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +BERERGARIVSRE. Temple, with PAPI in place of columns. Broad-flan denarius.

CNI IV, p. 473, 1 (Arnulf with Berengar).

Indeterminate Mints

1540. Obv.: +ARNVLFVSPIVSRE. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPITIAMARELICIO. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel LXII, 1 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1358.

Find: Oberbillig; Regensburg.

1541. Same as foregoing. Broad-flan denarius.

Gariel LXII, 2 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1359.

1542. Obv.: +HARVNLFVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARIIIGIO. Temple. Denarius.

CNI V, p. 458, 2a.

1543. Obv.: +HAPNoLimageVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: Traces of the inscription XPIST1ANARELICIO. Temple. Denarius.

Vienna: 1.00 (damaged).

ZWENTIBOLD (895–900)

Lorraine

CAMBRAI

1544. Obv.: image Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.:+CĀMĀRĀCVSCIVIS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LXIII, 1 (Combrouse, pl. XLIV, 7).

TRIER

1545. Obv.: TZVENTIBOECRE. Cross with one dot in each corner. : TREVER ISC IV1TAS. Vacant field. Denarius.

Gariel LXIII, 2 (RN 1866, p. 165).

LOUIS THE CHILD (899–911)

East Francia

MAINZ

1546. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSEX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: MOGONTIACIVT. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel LXIV, 3; BMS 264, 265.

Berlin: 1.36 gr. (rev. of 1548, Plate XLVI); BM: (38–7-10–1213-Cuerdale) 1.74 gr., (38–7-10–1224-Cuerdale) 1.75 gr.; Frankfurt a.M.: 1.26 gr., 1.74 gr. (var.).

Find: Cuerdale; Neuménster-Grotenkamp.

1547. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel LXIV, 2 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1377.

Berlin: 0.87 gr.

1548. Obv.: +MVϽOVVICVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: MOCONCIAECIVIT. Temple. Denarius.

Gariel LXIV, 6 (Gariel Coll.), 5 (var.), cf. Prou 38, 39.

Hess 1905, 54; Cahn 1906, 7; Cahn Dec. 1924, 20; Helbing Oct. 1932, 271, 272; Lockett Coll., 362.

Paris: 1.64 gr., 1.74 gr.; Berlin: 1.34 gr., 1.42 gr., 1.43 gr., 1.46 gr., 1.47 gr., 1.48 gr., 1.61 gr., 1.77 gr., 1.78 gr.; Brussels: 1.26 gr., 1.46 gr., 1.73 gr., Copenhagen: (K. P. 1253) 1.40gr.; Grierson: 1.58 gr.; Munich: 1.32 gr., 1.48 gr., 1.59 gr., 1.69 gr.; Vienna: 1.43 gr., 1.50 gr.

WéRZBURG

1549. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSRE . Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +WIRZIBVRCCIVIT . Temple. Denarius.

Gariel LXIV, 17 (Cuerdale find); BMS 266.

BM: (38–7-10–1212-Cuerdale) 1.65 gr.

Find: Cuerdale; Schowen.

Alsace

STRASSBURG

1550. Obv.: +IILVDOWICVSPIVS. Cross.

Rev.: ARCEИTI/• /ИACVИAS. Denarius.

Prou 48; BMS 267–270.

Gariel Coll., 1337–1340; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 118, 119; Hamburger Sept. 1917, 578; Schneider Coll., 578; Cahn Oct. 1924, 22; Hamburger Sept. 1926, 13; Cahn May 1927, 1533, 1534;Cahn Oct. 1929, 909; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1957, 687, 1.76 gr.; Kress Oct. 1960, 1507.

Paris: 1.33 gr.; Berlin: ( Plate XLVI); BM: (38–7-10–1226-Cuerdale) 1.78 gr., (38–7-10–1227-Cuerdale) 1.44 gr., (57–9-1–22-IGP) 0.72 gr., (1920–1-12–147) 1.71 gr.; Brussels: 1.08 gr., 1.10 gr., 1.11 gr., 1.21 gr., 1.26 gr., 1.28 gr.; Copenhagen: (Terslev find 1233–31) 0.81 gr. (fragment), (Jynevad find 247bis) 1.09 gr. (fragment), (Jynevad find 247) 1.34 gr., (T. 1229), 1.44 gr., (T. 1230) 1.54 gr.; Garrett: (6155) 1.01 gr. (damaged); Grierson: 1.34 gr.; Hermitage: 1.58 gr.; Nelson: (53.114. 1854); Oslo: 1.69 gr.; Vienna: 1.34 gr.

Find: Ter Apel; Pingjum; Cuerdale; Dalen; Stolpe; Neuhaus; Jynevad; Terslev; Hollingstadt; Urach.

1551. Obv.: +NLVDOVVICVSPIVS. Cross.

Rev.: ARCENTI/•/HACVII (retrograde). Denarius.

Prou 50.

Paris: 1.35 gr.; Munich: 1.00 gr.

1552. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSPVS. Cross.

Rev.: ARCENTI/•/NACVNAS. Denarius.

Prou 51; Gariel LXI, 6 (Gariel Coll.), 7 (var. +HLVDOVVICVSPIVS, Cuerdale find), 8 (Gariel Coll.).

Kricheldorf July 1964, 419 (Prou 51/48).

Paris: 1.69 gr.; Berlin: 1.15 gr., 1.40 gr., 1.47 gr. (Plate XLVI); Grierson: 1.33 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17496) 1.10 gr., (Inv. 17493) 1.20 gr., (Inv. 17494) 1.40 gr., (Inv. 17495) 1.70 gr.; Munich: 1.30 gr.

Find: Cuerdale; Midlum, 1.17 gr., 1.20 gr., 1.39 gr., 1.44 gr.

1553. Obv.: +HLVDOVV1CVSPIVS. Cross.

Rev.: ARGENTI/NACVITAS. Obolus.

Gariel LXI, 2.

.Find: Assen

1554. Obv.: +IILVDOVVIC VSPI VS. Cross.

Rev.: ARCENTI/•/NACVNAS. Obolus.

Prou 49.

Paris: 0.80 gr.

1555. Obv.: +IIVDOVVDVSPIVSI. Cross.

Rev.: IICIITI/•/ACITAS (the second line retrograde). Denarius.

Prou 52, 53 (var., +IIVDOVVIDVSPIVS).

Paris: 1.69 gr., 1.77 gr.,; Berlin: 1.15 gr., 1.16 gr., 1.19 gr., 1.23 (fragment) (Plate XLVI); ANS: 1.76 gr.; Copenhagen: (Devegge no. 13) 1.60 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17500) 1.15 gr., (Inv. 17501) 1.20 gr., (Inv. 17497) 1.20 gr., (Inv. 17499) 1.25 gr., (Inv. 17498) 1.25 gr., (Inv. 17503) 1.29 gr., (Inv. 17502) 1.30 gr., (Inv. 17504) 1.69 gr., (625), (626), (627).

Find: Jynevad.

1556. Obv.: +HVDOVIIIDVSPIVS. Cross.

Rev.: image Denarius.

Gariel LXI, 9.

Berlin: 1.45 gr., 1.67 gr., 1.71 gr.

Find: Assen; Dransau; Oranienburg,; Mgowo.

Lorraine

COLOGNE

1557. Obv.: +LVDOVCVSDEX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: image/COLOINA/A. Denarius.

Gariel LXIV, 18 (Voillemier Coll.).

Hévernick, 20; Ménzhandl. Basel Dec. 1935, 26.

Berlin: 1.58 gr., 1.75 gr., 1.82 gr.; ANS: 1.70 gr. (LVDOLVSDEX); Frankfurt a.M.: 1.59 gr., 1.80 gr., 1.84 gr.

1558. Obv.: +LVDOIVIS...OC. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: image/COLO ИA/'A. Obolus.

Hévernick, 21.

Find: Dalen; Emden.

1559. Obv.: +LVQOVVCVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: image+/COLONIA/A. Denarius.

Prou 80; Gariel LXIV, 19, 20 (Gariel Coll.).

Cahn Oct. 1924, 19; Riechman Nov. 1924, 34; Cahn April 1929, 48; Cahn Oct. 1929, 908; Kricheldorf May 1956, 368; Kress Oct. 1960, 1506; Gariel Coll., 1375, 1376; Bordeaux Coll., 393.

Paris: 1.84 gr.; Berlin: 1.49 gr., 1.54 gr., 1.76 gr. (Plate XLVI); Brussels: 1.76 gr., 1.77 gr.; Copenhagen: (Terslev find 1233.30) 1.02 gr. (fragment); Grierson: 1.84 gr.; Hermitage: 1.29gr.

Find: Terslev; Dransau; Dalen; Neuhaus; Ménster; Schwenningen

1560. Obv.: +LVDOVVICVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: image/COLONII/A. Denarius.

Prou 81; BMS 271, 272.

Helbing Dec. 1931, 216.

Paris: 1.47 gr.; BM: (57–9-1–52-IGP) 1.43 gr., (1935–4-1–15475. rev.: OLONIA) 1.83 gr.; Brussels: 1.36 gr., 1.72 gr.; Munich: 1.71 gr.; Stuttgart: (7742) 1.72 gr.

Find: Rome "after 1920;" Bonn.

1561. Obv.: +LVDOVVICVSREX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: COLON I A, in one line. Denarius.

Hévernick, 18.

Find: Rudkjébing.

NAMUR

1562. Obv.: +HLVIDOVVICVSO. Cross, with letters RE attached, and X, V, and one dot, each in one corner.

Rev.: +IIIVICONAMVCO. Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Prou 102; Gariel LXIV, 10.

Kricheldorf June 1961, 331.

Paris: 1.58 gr.; ANS: 1.53 gr. (Kricheldorf specimen).

Find: Troyes (1910) ( ?), 1.59 gr.

1563. Obv.: +HLVD VVV ICS I EX. Cross.

Rev.: +NVICOИAMVCO. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Gariel LXIV, 11 (Cuerdale find); BMS 273.

BM: (38–7-10–1208-Cuerdale) 1.18gr. See also no. 1236.

Find: Cuerdale.

TRIER

1564. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSREX. Cross with one ball in each corner.

Rev.: TREV/ERIS. Denarius.

Berlin: 1.23 gr., 1.37 gr., 1.53 gr.

1565. Obv.: +-VDOVV1CVSIIX. Cross with one ball in each corner.

Rev.: TREVimageERIS. Obolus.

Berlin: 0.61 gr.

1566. Obv.: + HLVDOVVICVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: TR/EV/ER/IS symmetrically arranged at the sides of a degenerate temple. Denarius.

Prou 128; Gariel LXIV, 1 (RN 1866, p. 166).

Meyer Coll., 475; Bordeaux Coll., 391.

Paris: 1.59 gr.; Copenhagen: (Valby find XXXVII, 418) 1.34 gr. (Plate XLVI).

Find: Valby.

TOUL

1567. Obv.: image LVDimageVV1CVSPX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: TVLLO, in one line. Denarius.

Prou 137; Gariel LVI, 33 (Gariel Coll.).

Bordeaux Coll., 396; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1352; Ménzhandl. Basel Oct. 1936, 325; Cahn 1934, 2243.

Paris: 1.41 gr.; Berlin: 1.50 gr. (Plate XLVI); ANS: 1.10 gr.; Munich: 0.76 gr. (var., fragment).

Find: Zabern.

1568. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Prou 138 = Gariel LVI, 34.

Paris: 0.61 gr. (Plate XLVI).

1569. Obv.: LVbOVVICVSIX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: TVLLO, in one line. Denarius.

Gariel LVI, 35 (Robert, pl. XVI, 11).

Rosenberg Nov. 1904, 42; Rosenberg 1906, 11; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 114; Frankfurter Ménzhandl. Sept. 1961, 38; Schlessinger March 193é, 1522.

Indeterminate Mints

1570. Obv.: +VVDCVICVSRE (retrograde). Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPIimageTIAHARELIO (retrograde). Temple. Denarius.

Prou 1055; BMS 274–275.

Paris: 1.01 gr.; Brussels: 1.21 gr. (var., inscriptions not retrograde and obv. reads +HLVDOWICVSRE); BM: (38–7-10–1211-Cuerdale) 1.72 gr., (55–6-12–496-IGP) 1.72 gr., var. with +HLVDOWICVSRE, and XPIITIANARELIGIO.

Find: Cuerdale; Zelzate; Harkirke.

1571. Obv.: +IIVDOVVICVimageIVimage . Cross.

Rev.: imageAL0/M0N. Denarius.

Prou 975; Gariel LXI, 1.

Rousseau Coll., 499bis.; Gariel Coll., 1336; Bordeaux Coll., 395; Hess Oct. 1904, 14; Helbing May 1907, 199; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 122; Cahn April 1929, 49.

Paris (Plate XLVI); Frankfurt a.M.: 1.33 gr.; Munich: 1.89 gr.; Stuttgart: (2V5579) 1.25 gr.

LOUIS THE BLIND (901–905)

Provence

VIENNE

1572. Obv.: +LVDVVICVSIMPR . Indecipherable monogram.

Rev.: +VIENNACIAIS . Cross. Denarius.

Prou 847.

Rousseau Coll., 455; Riechman April 1928, 637.

1573. Obv.: +LVDVVICVSMPR. Indecipherable monogram.

Rev.: +VIENNACIVIS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 848; Gariel LXIII, 2 (Gariel Coll.).

Bordeaux Coll., 413; Schulman May 1929, 360; Schulman 1931, 175.

Paris: 1.40 gr.; Berlin: 1.27 gr., 1.41 gr. (Plate XLVII); Blunt: 1.41 gr.

1574. Obv.: +LVDOW1CVS. Cross.

Rev.: VENIOCIV... Ludovicus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel LXIII, 1 (Gariel Coll.).

Hess 1905, 52; Ratto Dec. 1930, 2607.

Berlin: 1.28 gr.

1575. Obv.: +LVDOVVICVS. Cross.

Rev.: VI, in field. Denarius.

Prou 849, 850 (var., +1VDOWICVS).

Rousseau Coll., 527; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1964, 22.

Paris: 1.32 gr., 1.34 gr.; ANS: 1.29 gr., 1.35 gr. (Plate XLVII); Hermitage: 1.37 gr.; Oslo: 1.32 gr., 1.33 gr., 1.36 gr.

1576. Obv.: +LVDOWICVS. Cross.

Rev.: SVI, in field. Denarius.

Gariel LXIII, 3 (Gariel Coll.).

Bordeaux Coll., 414; Hirsch Nov. 1958, 746.

Oslo: 1.28 gr.

1576a. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIMP. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIAliADEICIO. Temple. Broad-flan denarius.

BMS 276–281.

CNI V, p. 16, 1, 4, 6, 8, 9.

ANS: 1.65 gr.; BM: (38–7-10–1209-Cuerdale) 1.81 gr., (38–7-10–1210-Cuerdale) 1.78 gr., (47–11-8–686-Kolb) 1.11 gr., (57–9-1–27-IGP) 1.83 gr., (61–12-2–1-De Salis) 1.71 gr., (1913–12-4–145 Lady Ramsey Bequest) 1.75 gr.

RAOUL (923–936)

Francia

BEAUVAIS

1577. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Rodulfus (?) monogram.

Rev.: +BELGEVACVSCV. Cross with a crescent in one comer. Denarius.

Prou 261 = Gariel XLIX, 8.

Paris: 1.55 gr.; Berlin: 1.59 gr., 1.60 gr. (Plate XLVII); Grierson: 1.81 gr. (var.).

1578. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +BELVACVSCIVI. Cross with one S in each of two diagonal corners and a triangle in a third. Denarius.

Prou 260 = Gariel LIII, 3.

Paris: 1.12 gr. (Plate XLVII).

1579. Obv.: +CRATIADIREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +BELVACVS7 /Cross with one dot in each of two diagonal corners. Denarius.

Prou 259 = Gariel LIII, 4 (Voillemier Coll.).

Paris: 1.14gr.; Berlin: 1.07 gr.

SOISSONS

1580. Obv.: +RimageDVLFVS. REX, in field.

Rev.:+SVESSIIimage .Rodulfus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel LIV, 45.

Gariel Coll., 1261; Meyer Coll., 436.

Berlin: 1.52 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1285) 1.34 gr.

1581. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel LIV, 46.

Berlin: 0.60 gr.

PARIS

1582. Obv.: +CRATIDIREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +/PARISI/CIVITA/+, with a line of dots between the lines of the inscription. Denarius.

Prou 337; Gariel LIV, 37 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 525; Meyer Coll., 432; Bordeaux Coll., 359; Schulman Pricelist 1931, 165; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1332; Théry Coll., 542.

Paris: 1.30 gr.; ANS: 1.30 gr. (Plate XLVII).

1583. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Prou 338; Gariel LIV, 38 (Poey d'Avant, no. 2).

Paris: 0.49 gr.

1584. Obv.: +CRATAIPEX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +/PARISI/CIVITA/+. Obolus.

Prou 339.

Paris: 0.66 gr. (Plate XLVII).

1585. Obv.: +CRATIADIREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +/PARISI/CIVITA/+. Obolus.

Prou 340; Gariel LIV, 40 (Combrouse, pl. XXXIV, 5).

Cahn Dec. 1932, 1333; Cahn 1934, 2260.

Paris: 0.43 gr.

ST-DENIS

1586. Obv.: +GRATIADIREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +SCIimageI⋄/ИVimageII/+, with a line of dots between the lines of the inscription. Denarius.

Prou 355; Gariel LIV, 42 (Gariel Coll.), 43 (Voillemier Coll., var.). Gariel Coll., 1260; Hess Oct. 1903, 1344; Hess 1905, 57.

Paris: 0.99 gr.; Berlin: 0.63 gr., 1.05 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17574) 1.00 gr.

Find: Evreux.

1587. Obv.: +CRATIADIREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: + SCIΔIO/ NISII/+. Denarius.

Prou 356,

Paris: 0.98 gr. (Plate XLVII).

Find: Evreux.

1588. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Prou 357.

Paris: 0.58 gr. (Plate XLVII).

MEAUX

1589. Obv.: +CRATIADIIEX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +/MAIDI/CIVITA/+. Denarius.

Gariel LIV, 28 (stock of Hoffmann).

Hess Oct. 1903, 1343; Hess 1905, 59.

Neustria

"CURTISSASONIEN"

1590. Obv.: +CRATIAIϽ-IREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +CVRTISAS⋄NIEN. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 418.

Motte Coll., 141.

Paris: 1.71 gr.; ANS: 1.59 gr. (Plate XLVII); Brussels: 1.51 gr.

CHARTRES

1591. Obv.: +GRATIADIIREX. +, ⋄, F, S, in field as monogram.

Rev.: +CARN0TISCIVITAI. Cross. Denarius.

Rousseau, 524.

1592. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. +, ⋄, F, S, in field as monogram.

Rev.: +CARTISCIVITAS... Cross. Denarius.

Prou 500 = Gariel LIII, 10, 12 (single find [?] at Chartres).

Meyer Coll., 425; Bordeaux Coll., 356; Hirsch Nov. 1958, 750.

Paris: 1.18gr.; ANS: 1.28 gr. (Plate XLVII).

1593. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel LIII, 11 (single find [?] at Chartres).

CHATEAUDUN

1594. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +DVNISCASTLLI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 506 = Gariel LIII, 14, 15 (var., Poey d'Avant, 1823).

Meyer Coll., 426.

Paris: 1.33 gr.; ANS: 1.23 gr. (Plate XLVII).

Find: Chartres.

1594a. Obv.: GRATIAD-IRX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: DVHISCASTLLI, Cross with dot in lower right corner. Obolus.

ANS: 0.58 gr.

ORLéANS

1595. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +AVEimageIATИISCIVTI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 529 = Gariel LIII, 2.

Paris: 1.22 gr. (Plate XLVII).

Find: Chartres.

1596. Obv.: +CRAT1AD-IREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +AVRELIAIIISCIVT. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 530.

Cahn Dec. 1932, 1331.

Paris: 0.60 gr.

1597. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: AVRELIAN.. .Cl. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel XLVIII, 2 (Combrouse, pl. XXXIX, 6).

1598. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +AVREL'AИISCIVITA. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 525–527; Gariel LIV, 31, 32, 33.

Rousseau Coll., 523; Ménz. u. Med. Dec. 1957, 696, 1.73 gr.

Paris: 1.14 gr., 1.07 gr., 1.17 gr.; Berlin: 1.09 gr., 1.26 gr.; ANS: 1.09 gr.; Brussels: 1.72 gr., (var.); Holmes: 1.65 gr.(GRATIAD-I, CIVITAS).

1599. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: AVREL'AMISCIVITA:. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LIV, 36 (Gariel Coll.).

Théry Coll., 541.

Berlin: 1.14gr.

1600. Obv.: +CRATIAID-IREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: AVREL'AN ISC IVIT. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 528; Gariel LIV, 35.

Meyer Coll., 431; Bordeaux Coll., 358.

Paris: 0.64 gr.; Berlin: 0.56 gr.

CHATEAU — LANDON

1601. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +NANOONIimageCASTRVИ. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 537.

Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1964, 27 (Prou 537/538 var.)

Paris: 1.26 gr.

1602. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +AVИVИSCASTRVИ. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 538 = Gariel XXVIII, 78; Gariel LIII, 9 (Poey d'Avant, no. 60). Bordeaux Coll., 357.

Paris: 0.97 gr.

1603. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +NANDONISCASTRM. Cross. Denarius.

RN 1853, p. 419.

RN: 1.20 gr.

1604. Obv.: +GRATIAD-IREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +N.. .DONIimageCASTLII. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LIII, 8 (Cabinet de France, but not in Prou).

Bordeaux Coll., 357; Blaser-Frey June 1963, 33.

ANS: 1.24 gr.

ETAMPES

1605. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +STAMPISCATELI. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 539 = Gariel XLVIII, 1, LIII, 19 (Poey d'Avant, no. 38).

Paris

1606. Obv.: +GRATRAD-IREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +STAPISCASTRA. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LIII, 20 (Meyer Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 429.

Burgundy

SENS

1607. Obv.: +RODVLFVSHCHT. REX, in field.

Rev.: +SENONISCIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LIV, 44 (Combrouse, pl. XXXV, 9).

NEVERS

1608. Obv.: +RODVLFVS. REX, in field.

Rev.: +NEVERNISCIVIT. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LIV, 30 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1254.

Berlin: 1.33 gr.

LANGRES

1609. Obv.: +RODESREX. R, in field.

Rev.: +L1NCNCVTS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LIII, 22 (Combrouse, pl. XXXV, 7).

Paris: (61 1a) 1.40 gr.

Aquitaine

BOURGES

1610. Obv.: +R⋄DVLFVSREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +BITVRICESCIVIT. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LIII, 6 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1250.

Berlin: 1.18gr.

LE PUY

1611. Obv.: +RADVLDVSREX. Cross.

Rev.:+ANITOCIIVIT. Karolus (?) monogram. Denarius. Prou 772; Gariel LIV, 26 (Gariel Coll.)..

Gariel Coll., 1259; Meyer Coll., 434.

Paris: 1.20 gr.; Berlin: (Plate XLVII); ANS: 1.22 gr.

ANGOULéME

1612. Obv.: +RADVL+FVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +EGOLI+SIME. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 788 = Gariel LIII, 1.

Paris: 1.55 gr.; Holmes: 1.05 gr. (fragment).

Indeterminate Mints

1613. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +NVIENTVSCASTR. Cross. Denarius.

(Grunthal, p. 54, suggests an attribution to Nogent-sur-Seine). Gariel LIV, 29 (single find [?] at Chartres).

1614. Obv.: +RADHDVLFO. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.:+PINCIVS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LIV, 41 (Combrouse, pl. XXXV, 8).

1615. Obv.: +CRATIAD-IREX. Rodulfus monogram.

Rev.: +RAVVSCAimageII. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LIII, 5 (RN 1874, p. 72).

Paris: (9796) 1.15 gr.

LOUIS IV (936–954) or LOUIS V (986–987)

Lorraine

DINANT

1616. Obv.: +IILVDIVVICVS. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +IИVICODИV. Cross with one dot in each corner. Denarius.

Gariel LXIV, 16 (RBN 1851, pl. XIII, 3); Meert, RBN 1962, p. 169, 11; Cahn April 1899, 27.

Brussels: 1.13 gr.

METZ

1617. Obv.: +LVDOVICVS. REX, in field.

Rev.: METTISCIVITAS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel LV, 17 (Robert, pl. XV, 7).

1618. Obv.: ⁘LVDOVICVSRX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: METTIS/CIYIS. Denarius.

Gariel LV, 15.

1619. Obv.: imageLVDOVICVSRX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: METTIS/CIV1S. Denarius.

Gariel LV, 15, var. (Robert, pl. XVI, 8).

1620. Obv.: +LVDOV1CVS. REX, in field.

Rev.: METTIS, on one line. Denarius.

Gariel LV, 16 (Robert, pl. XV, 8).

VERDUN

1621. Obv.: +LVDOVVICVS. REX, in field.

Rev.: +VIRDVNICIVITAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LVI, 36 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1281.

1622. Obv.: +LVDOVV.. .S. REX, in field.

Rev.: +VRDVN1CIV1TAS. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel LVI, 39 (Combrouse, pl. XL, 4).

1623. Obv.: +LVDOVVICVS. REX, in field.

Rev.: +VIRDVNIimageVI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LVI, 37 (Robert, pl. XV, 10).

1624. Obv.: +LVDOVVICVS. REX, in field.

Rev.: +VIRDVNCIVITAS. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel LVI, 38 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1282.

Berlin: 0.67 gr.

Francia

ROUEN

1625. Obv.: +VLOimageVICIREX. Cross.

Rev.: +ROimageOMCIFIT-. Infield, S. Denarius.

Prou 390, 391.

Théry Coll., 544.

Paris: 1.45 gr., (Plate XLVIII) 1.27 gr.; Garrett: (6163) 1.46 gr.; The Hague: (Inv. 17575) 1.5égr*

Find: Evreux (St-Taurin).

1626. Obv.: +VLOTVICIREX. Cross.

Rev.: +ROTOMC1VITI. Infield, 2. Denarius.

Gariel LVI, 27 (Gariel Coll.).

Meyer Coll., 443, 444.

Berlin: 1.41 gr., 1.41 gr., 1.42 gr., 1.45 gr., 1.47 gr.

Find: Evreux (St-Taurin).

1627. Obv.: +VLOTVICIREX. Cross.

Rev.: +ROTOMCIVIT. In field, 'ӨSI. Denarius.

Gariel LVI, 28 (Evreux find).

Gariel Coll., 1273–1279 (ten varieties ex Evreux); Bordeaux Coll., 365; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 113.

Berlin: 1.15 gr.

Find: Evreux (St-Taurin).

1628. Obv.: +VL⋄TVICIRE. Cross.

Rev.: +R⋄T⋄MOIVIT. In field, S. Denarius.

Prou 392.

Paris: 1.43 gr.

Find: Evreux (St-Taurin).

1629. Obv.: +VLOTVICIREX. Cross, with one crescent in one corner.

Rev.: +ROT⋄MCIVITA1. Infield, image/c. Denarius.

Prou 393.

Paris: 1.15gr., (393a) 1.20 gr.; Blunt: 1.05 gr.

1630. Obv.: +VLOimageVICIRIX. Cross.

Rev.: +R⋄image image MCICIT. In field, LSI. Denarius.

Gariel LVI, 29 (Evreux find).

Deglatigny Coll., 275.

Berlin: 1.37 gr.; ANS: 1.38 gr.; Brussels: 1.50 gr.

Find: Evreux (St-Taurin).

Neustria

CHINON

1631. Obv.: LVDOVICVSREX. Bust, diademed, to right.

Rev.: +CAINONICASTRO. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 470; Gariel LV, 6 (Poey d'Avant, no. 1672), 7 (var., Poey d'Avant, no. 1673).

Gariel Coll., 1266; Meyer Coll., 437; Bordeaux Coll., 362; Norman Coll., 553; Hirsch Nov. 1958, 752; Blaser-Frey June 1963, 34; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1964, 28; Bourgey, Dec. 1964, 41.

Paris: 1.50 gr.; Berlin: 1.51 gr.; ANS: 1.23 gr.; Copenhagen: (Jynevad find 247) 1.53 gr. (Plate XLVIII).

Find: Jynevad.

1632. Obv.: ... IOVCIIIC+. Bust, diademed, to right.

Rev.: +CAIAOI.. .0. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel LV, 8 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1267; Meyer Coll., 438.

Berlin: 0.49 gr.

Burgundy

NEVERS

1633. Obv.: +LVD0VICVSRE. REX, in field.

Rev.: +NEVERNISCIVIT. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel LV, 18 (Fillon, Lettres é Dugast-Matifeux, p. 162).

Find: Chateauneuf-sur-Cher (?).

1634. Obv.: +imagebVICVSRE. REX, in field.

Rev.: +NEVERNISCVT. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LV, 19 (S. Paulo fuori le Mure find).

Hess Oct. 1903, 1346; Schulman 1931, 166; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1964, 29.

ANS: 1.14 gr. (Ménz. u. Med. 1964) with LVDOVICVS; NEVERAISC..

Find: Bruéres, 1.29 gr.; S. Paoli fuori le Mure.

1635. Obv.: +LVDOVICVS. REX, in field.

Rev.: +NEVECNISCVC. Cross. Obolus.

Gariel LV, 20 (S. Paulo fuori le Mure find).

ANS: 0.48 gr.

Find: Chateauneuf-sur-Cher (?); Bruéres, 1.15 gr.; S. Paulo fuori le Mure.

LANGRES

1636. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVS. R, in field.

Rev.: +LINCONISCVTS. Cross. Denarius.

Prou 611 = Gariel LV, 10; 1SMS 282.

Meyer Coll., 457; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 111; Riechman Nov. 1912, 41; Hamburger Sept. 1926, 21; Cahn Dec. 1932,1335,1336; Ménzhandl. Basel Oct. 1936, 321; Kricheldorf May 1956, 372.

Paris: 1.37 gr.; Berlin: 1.15 gr.; ANS: 1.02 gr. (PLATE XLVIII); Blunt: 1.11 gr.; BM: (57–9-1–37-IGP) 1.35 gr.; Grierson: 1.14 gr.; Hermitage: 1.15 gr.; Holmes: 1.24 gr.; Van Rede: (B1271) 1.15 gr.; Vienna: 1.08 gr.

Find: Monostori Sziget; Kowal; Bierzglowo; Thurow.

1637. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVS. R, in field.

Rev.: +LINCONISCVTS. Cross. Obolus.

Prou 612 = Gariel LV, 11; BMS 283.

Cahn Dec. 1932, 1337; Cahn 1934, 2264; Miinzhandl. Basel Oct. 1936, 322.

Paris: 0.38 gr.; Berlin: 0.45 gr.; BM: (170–1-29) 1.23 gr.

1638. Obv.: +L0... VVICVSRIX. Cross.

Rev.: +LIИCONISCIVI... Cross with one dot in one corner. Denarius.

Gariel LV, 12 (Brussels).

CHALON-SUR-SAéNE

1639. Obv.: +VDOVICVSII. Cross.

Rev.: +AVILOMIimageCV. LVS, in field. Denarius.

Gariel LV, 3 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 0.83 gr., 1.05 gr.

1640. Ofo.:+...VDOVICVSII. Cross.

Rev.: +CAVILOИimageCIV. LVS, in field. Obolus.

Gariel LV, 4 (RN 1838, p. 320).

1641. Obv.: +1VDOVICVS. R, in field.

Rev.: +CAVIONIISCI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LV, 2 (Poey d'Avant, no. 5618).

Berlin: 1.10 gr., 1.34 gr.

1642. Obv.: +IIIVDOMICVimage. R, in field.

Rev.: +CAVIONISGI. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LV, 5 (Gariel Coll.).

Berlin: 1.27 gr.

MACON

1643. Obv.: +LVDOVICVSII. Cross.

Rev.: +MATISCOCIVITAS. Ludovicus monogram. Obolus.

Gariel LV, 13 (Poey d'Avant, no. 5563), 14 (var., Poey d'Avant, no. 5564).

LYON

1644. Obv.: +LVDOVVICVS. REX, in field.

Rev.: +LVCDVNICIVIS. Cross. Denarius.

Find: Charabotte.

Aquitaine

BOURGES

1645. Obv.: +LVDVOICV .. .REX. Cross.

Rev.: +BITVRIC .. .CIVIT. +/⋄DϽ/+, in field. Denarius.

Gariel LV, 1; Prou 752.

Gariel Coll., 1263; Bordeaux Coll., 361.

Paris: 1.12 gr.; Berlin: 0.94 gr.

ANGOULéME

1646. Obv.: +LODOICVS. Cross.

Rev.: +EGOLIimage imageIME. Cross with two concentric circles around point of intersection. Denarius.

Poey d'Avant, no. 2643.

Poey: 1.68 gr.; Princeton (Plate XLVIII).

Gascony

BORDEAUX

1647. Obv.: +LODOICVimage . Cross.

Rev.: +BVRDEGALV. Three crosses in field. Denarius.

Gariel LVIII, 1 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1308; Bordeaux Coll., 373.

SAINTES

1648. Obv.: +LODOICVimage . Cross.

Rev.: +STC'MAS. Three crosses in field. Denarius.

Gariel LVIII, 2 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1309; Bordeaux Coll., 376; Deglatigny Coll., 277; Hirsch Nov. 1958, 755.

Berlin: 1.45 gr.; ANS: 1.21 gr. (var.) (Hirsch specimen).

1649. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel LVIII, 3 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1310.

Toulousain

TOULOUSE

1650. Obv.: +LVDOVICVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +TOLOSACIVI. LV/DO, in field. Denarius.

Prou 818; Gariel XXXVIII, 11 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1086; Meyer Coll., 445; Bordeaux Coll., 301.

Paris: 1.60 gr., (818a) 1.85 gr.; Berlin: 1.76 gr.; ANS: 1.50 gr. (Plate XLVIII); Copenhagen: (T. 1286) 1.75 gr.

1651. Obv.: +LVDOVIcVSREI Cross.

Rev.: +TOLOSACIVI. LV/DO, in field. Denarius.

Vatican: 1.75 gr.

Find: Excavations under St. Peter's (Rome).

Provence

ARLES

1652. Obv.: +LVDOVVICVS. Bust to right.

Rev.: +ARELACIVIS. Ludovicus monogram. Denarius.

Gariel XXXVIII, 4 (Combrouse. Pl. XLIII, 5).

1653. Obv.: +LVDOVVICVS. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELACIVIS. Karolus monogram. Denarius.

Prou 882; Gariel XXXVII, 2 (Gariel Coll.); 1SMS 284.

Rousseau Coll., 441; Meyer Coll., 506; Hamburger Sept. 1926, 14; Schulman 1931, 139; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1350; Lockett Coll., 353; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1957, 689. 1.53 gr.; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1964, 16.

Paris: 1.34 gr.; Berlin: 1.46 gr., 1.48 gr. (Plate XLVIII); ANS: 1.48 gr.; BM: (1896–7-4–1) 1.62 gr.; Hermitage: 1.43 gr., 1.52 gr.; Munich: 1–53 gr.

1654. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Prou 883; Gariel XXXVII, 3 (Poey d'Avant, no. 4731); BMS 285.

Paris: 0.72 gr.; Berlin: 0.54 gr.; BM: (1896–7-4–2) 0.76 gr.

Indeterminate Mints

1655. Obv.: +HLVDOVVICVSIN. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +TOROTIMENLNI. Ludovicus monogram. Denarius. Gariel LXIV, 9 (Meyer Coll.).

Berlin: 1.30 gr.

LOTHAIRE (954–986)

Francia

ARRAS

1656. Obv.: +LOTHAR1Vimage1. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +ATREB'A'SCI. Cross with one dart in one corner. Denarius.

Gariel LVI, 1 (Poey d'Avant, no. 6738); BMS 286.

Bordeaux Coll., 366; Meyer Coll., 446.

BM: (SSB-127–48) 0.74 gr.

1657. Obv.: +LOTHARV. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +.ATRA'DVS. Cross with X in one corner. Denarius. Gariel LVI, 2 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1289.

Berlin: 1.31 gr.

SOISSONS

1658. Obv.: +LOII...VRVSEDITI. REX, in field.

Rev.: +SVESSIOCIV1TAS. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LVII, 27 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 543; Gariel Coll., 1307; Bordeaux Coll., 370.

1659. Obv.: +LOTH.. .REX. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: +SVEimageIimageIOCI. Temple. Denarius.

Paris: (287a) 1.40 gr.

RHEIMS

1660. Obv.: +LOTHARIL REX, in one line.

Rev.: +REMICIVI. Cross with one dot in one corner. Denarius.

Gariel LVII, 24 (Combrouse, pl. XXXVII, 4).

Hess, Lucerne July 1933, 101; Kress Oct. 1960, 1515.

Berlin: 1.39 gr.; ANS: 1.41 gr. (Kress specimen) (Plate XLVIII).

Find: Obrzycko.

MEAUX

1661. Obv.: +LOTIIVIVSIEI. Cross.

Rev.: +MEIDISCIV1IWO. Karolus monogram. Obolus.

Prou 367; Gariel LVII, 20 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1302; Meyer Coll., 455; Bordeaux Coll., 369 (ex Meyer).

Paris: 0.71 gr.; Berlin: 0.63 gr., 0.64 gr.; Vatican: 0.56 gr.

Find: Excavations under St. Peter's (Rome).

MELUN

1662. Obv.: +IOVHARIVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +IIILIDVNCATRO. Cross with one crescent in one comer. Denarius.

Prou 373.

Rousseau Coll., 540; Gariel Coll., 1303.

Paris: 1.33 gr.

Burgundy

CHALON-SUR-SAéNE

1663. Obv.: +LOTARI VS'REX. B, in field.

Rev.: +CAVILON'CIVT . Cross. Denarius.

Prou 622, 623; Gariel LVII, 12 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 287.

Rousseau Coll., 539; Hamburger Nov. 1912, 116; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1341; Ménz. u. Med. July 1955, 505, 1.20gr.; Kress Oct. 1960, 1513, 1514; Kress Dec. 1961, 668; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1964, 31; Kress Nov. 1966, 1486.

Paris: 1.28 gr., 1.32 gr. (Plate XLVIII); Berlin: 1.23 gr., 1.30 gr.; ANS: 1.10 gr., 1.25 gr.; Blunt: 1.17gr.; BM: (1909–10--é10-Spink) 1.12gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 724) 1.30 gr.; Grierson: 1.24 gr. (var.); Hermitage: 1.01 gr.; Vienna: 1.20 gr.

MACON

1664. Obv.: +LOTHRIVSFX. Square with one circle at each corner.

Rev.: +MATISCNSIV. Cross with one circle at the end of each arm. Denarius.

Prou 624; Gariel LVII, 17 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1300; Meyer Coll., 454; Lockett Coll., 364.

Paris: 1.15 gr.; Berlin: 1.85 gr. (Plate XLVIII); Blunt: 1.18 gr.; Grierson: 1.11 gr. (var.).

1665. Obv.: +IOTIIRIVS.. .1. Square with one circle at each corner.

Rev.: +MATISC1NSECT (retrograde). Cross with one circle at the end of each arm. Denarius.

Prou 625; Gariel LVII, 18 (Lacroix Coll., var.).

Paris: 1.13 gr.

Aquitaine

BOURGES

1666. Obv.: +LOTERIVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: XBITVRICESCIVIT. Karolus monogram deformed. Denarius.

Prou 758; Gariel LVI, 7 (Gariel Coll.), LVII, 6 (de Laugardiére Coll., var., XBITVRICESC1VT); BMS 288, 289.

Meyer Coll., 447, 448, 450; Cahn Dec. 1922, 528; Riechman Nov. 1924, 42; Cahn April 1929, 53; Cahn Sept. 1932, 1314; Cahn Dec. 1932, 1339. Paris: 1.23 gr.; Berlin: 1.19 gr.; BM: (60–10-19–18) 1.24 gr., (1937é 1é8é8éR85) 1.21 gr.; Copenhagen: (T. 1239) 1.04 gr.; Grierson: 1.12 gr., 1.18 gr., 1.25 gr.,; Holmes: 1.06 gr.; The Hague: (639) 0.97 gr.

Find: Bruéres, 1.26 gr., 1.32 gr., 1.33 gr.; Bourges (1868), 1.19 gr.

1667. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Gariel LVII, 8 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 535quart., 535quinq.; Gariel Coll., 1294; Meyer Coll., 449. Berlin: 0.97 gr.

Find: Bruéres, 0.58 gr., 0.59 gr.

1668. Obv.: +LOTERIVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +HTVRICESCIVIT. Karolus monogram, deformed. Denarius.

Prou 759.

Paris: 1.03 gr.; Garrett: (6166) 1.22 gr. (var.); Grierson: 1.10 gr. (var.).

1669. Obv.: +LOTERIVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +BITVRICESCIVIT. Karolus monogram, deformed. Obolus.

Prou 760, 761.

Paris: 0.55 gr., 0.22 gr.; Hermitage: 0.44 gr.

1670. Obv.: +LOTERIVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +BITVRICESC1VI. Karolus monogram, degenerate. Denarius.

Find: Brueres, 1.32 gr., 1.35 gr.

1671. Obv.: +LOTERIVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: +BITVRICESCIVITA. Karolus monogram, degenerate. Denarius.

Find: Brueres, 1.28 gr.

1672. Obv.: +LOTERIVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: BITVRICESCIVITAS. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 755; Gariel LVII, 9 (Gariel Coll.); BMS 290–295.

Rousseau Coll., 536, 537; Gariel Coll., 1293–1296; Kricheldorf Nov. 1960, 320; Frankfurter Ménzhandl. Sept. 1961, 39; Ménz. u. Med. Nov. 1964, 30.

Paris: 1.16gr., (755a) 1.25 gr.; Berlin: 1.15 gr., 1.19gr., 1.23 gr. (Plate XLVIII); ANS: 1.18 gr., 1.22 gr.; Bodleian/Ashmolean; BM: (55–3-29–1) 1.10 gr., (56–8-7–12) 1.30 gr., (69–6-2–3-E) 1.32 gr., (1906–11-3–3182-Parkes Weber) 1.22 gr., (1935–4-1–10555-Clarke-Thornhill Bequest) 1.23 gr., (1908–10-11–278-Lincoln) 1.2 gr.; The Hague: (640) 1.08 gr., (Inv. 17596) 1.20 gr.; Grierson (two exemplars); Hermitage: 1.26 gr.; Munich: 1.13 gr., 1.22 gr.; Oslo: 1.22 gr.; Van Rede: (B1272) 1.20 gr.; Vatican: 1.21 gr., 1.25 gr. (var., +LOTER1VSRE); Vienna: 1.18gr., 1.23 gr.; Yale: 1.20 gr.

Find: Chateauneuf-sur-Cher (?).

1673. Obv.: +LOTERIVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: BITVRICESCIVIS. Temple. Obolus.

Gariel LVII, 10 (Gariel Coll.).

Rousseau Coll., 538; Gariel Coll., 1296; Meyer Coll., 452.

Find: Chateauneuf-sur-Cher (?).

1674. Obv.: +LOTERIVSRE. Cross.

Rev.: BITVRICESCIVI. Temple. Denarius.

Prou 756.

Paris: 1.20 gr.; Copenhagen: (K. P. 417) 1.17 gr.; Hermitage: 1.26 gr.

1675. Obv.: +LOTERIVSR... Cross.

Rev.: BITVRICESCIVITA. Temple. Obolus.

Prou 757.

Paris: 0.56 gr.

1676. Obv.: +LOTERIVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: BITVRICESCIVIT. Temple. Denarius.

Copenhagen: (Rollin 1852) 1.13 gr. (var.).

1677. Obv.: +LOTERIVSR. Cross.

Rev.:BITVRICESCIVIT. Temple. Denarius.

Oslo: 1.20 gr.

1678. Obv.: +LOTERIVSRE+. Cross.

Rev.: BITV./.../RICES. Denarius.

Prou 753.

Paris: 1.09 gr.

1679. Obv.: +LOTERIVSREX. Cross.

Rev.: BITV/.../RICE. Obolus.

Prou 754; Gariel LVII, 11 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1297.

Paris: 0.40 gr.; Berlin: 0.63 gr.

1680. Obv.: +LOTARIVSRF. Cross.

Rev.: BITV/x/RICES. Denarius.

Gariel LVI, 5 (Combrouse, pl. XLII, 2).

CLERMONT

1681. Obv.: +LOTARIVSREX. Cross with one dot in one comer.

Rev.: +CLAROMONTI. Cross. Denarius.

GarielLVII, 13.

Gascony.

BORDEAUX

1682. Obv.: +IEVTARIO. imageLEF, in field.

Rev.: +BVRDEGAL. Cross. Denarius.

Gariel LVI, 4 (Gariel Coll.).

GarielColl., 1291.

Berlin: 1.35gr.; Paris (var. +IEVTARIO.RE+F, in field; +BVRDELA⌈).

1682a. Same as foregoing. Obolus.

Find : Find no. 117 "Place Unknown."

CONRAD THE PACIFIC (937–993)

Burgundy

LYON

1683. Obv.: +CONRADVS. Cross.

Rev.: +LVGDVNVS. Triangle surmounted by a cross. Denarius.

Prou 634, 635, 636, 637 (var.); Gariel LXVII, 3 (Gariel Coll.).

Gariel Coll., 1404; Hamburger Sept. 1926, 22; Schulman 1931, 176, 177.

Paris: 1.35 gr., 1.33 gr., 0.95 gr., 1.18 gr., (636a–c) 1.10 gr., 1.20 gr., 1.20 gr.; ANS: 1.03 gr., 1.17 gr. (Plate XLVIII); Blunt: 1.18 gr.; Dickie: 1.12 gr.; Hermitage: 1.14 gr.

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INVENTORY OF FINDS

The following inventory is intended to serve as a concordance to the catalogue. It is a representative survey, rather than a definitive catalogue of finds. Although every effort has been made to register a complete list of relevant finds, the entries may be partial, and they are subject to the same limitations as the catalogue itself. Thus, non-Carolingian elements in the deposits—such as dirhems, Lombard issues, and even issues of Charlemagne in the Lombard series—are tallied, but not described. Weights of coins from these finds, when known, are entered in the catalogue, rather than in the lists below. For fuller descriptions, the student is referred to the literature cited, and, especially for the early deposits, to the masterly find catalogue of Völckers. For data concerning German deposits, I am under a very heavy obligation to Professor Dr. Walter Hävernick and Dr. G. Hatz. With great courtesy, they allowed me to consult the unpublished find catalogue of the Numismatische Kommission der Länder in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, and their exemplary spirit of cooperation has enriched almost every entry for Germany. I also acknowledge with deep gratitude the kindness of Dr. Kellner, Prähistorische Sammlung München, and Dr. Gose, Landesmuseum Trier, who allowed me perfect freedom to inspect the still unpublished Pilligerheckfind. We eagerly await their full publication of the deposit.

Major Finds

The contents of the major finds are arranged according to ruler and mint; the number in parentheses after the name of the mint city refers to the relevant entry in the Catalogue, and the last number indicates how many of the particular issue were present in the find.

1. Imphy (100 pieces). Find: 1857.

Deposit: ca. 754–761.

Pippin the Short

Strassburg(1)–1; Cambrai (2)–1; Verdun (8)–2; Corbie (11)–4; Chartres (18)–1 ; Troyes (21)–1; Sens (22)–1; Indeterminate (29)–?, (33)–?, (36)–?, (43)–?, (47)–20, (48)–1, (50)–?, (53)–1, (57)–3, (58)–?, (65)–?, (69)–3, (70)–?, (73)–3, (76)–2, (77)–1, (78)–?, (79)–1, (80)–1.

Carloman

Indeterminate (85)–1, (88)–2, (89)–8.

Charlemagne

St–Martin (Tours) (149)–1; Chartres (152)–2; Lyon (164), (165)–3; Indeterminate (238)–1, (247)–1, (257)–1, (262)–1, (267)–1, (276)–1, (286)–1, (294)–1, (295)–1.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 54f.Völckers, pp. 28, 121.

Remains: Dispersed. Formerly Ponton d'Amécourt Coll. Völckers identifies one example each of cat. nos. 18 and 148 as having entered the Paris cabinet ex Imphy, and judges that, of the Berlin collection, twenty–two specimens are definitely ex Imphy, and twenty additional pieces are probably of that provenance. His identifications of the Berlin coins follow:

Certain: Völckers Morrison–Grunthal Probable: Völckers Morrison–Grunthal
8 53 1–7 47
9 80 17 33
10 2 19 57
11 48 20 70
13 58 23 73
14 29 25 11
15 43 31 49
18 22 32 85
21 36 33 88
24 13 38 152
26 74 39 257
27 1 43 262
29 8 52 226
30 9
35 89
36 238
37 247
44 276
45 259
46 289
49 267
53 226

In addition, Völckers notes the following variants of Imphy types in the Berlin cabinet:

Certain: Völckers Morrison–Grunthal Probable: Völckers Morrison–Grunthal
16 33 42 262
22 36 47 286
28 21 50 294
34 88 51 291 (ex Imphy?)
40 164
41 165

2. Bel-Air (10 pieces). Find: before 1858. Deposit: 761–790.

Charlemagne

Dinant (111)–1; Condé–sur–l'Escaut (113)–1; Le Mans (144)–1; Indeterminate (231)–7.

Source: A. Longpérier in RN 1856, pp. 180–189, pl. V; Völckers, pp. 97, 176.

Remains: Entire deposit preserved in the Cabinet des Médailles, Lau–sanne.

3. Chezy–l’Abbaye (? pieces).

Find: before 1871. Deposit: ca. 761–790.

Charlemagne

Rheims (134); Ste-Marie (Rheims) (136), (138).

Source: Prou, as indicated in the Catalogue entries; Völckers, pp. 72, 156.

Remains: Dispersed. The three pieces cited are in the Paris cabinet.

4. "Gelderland" (ca. 18 pieces).

Find: before 1859. Deposit: 761–790.

Charlemagne

Dorestadt (99)–11; Bonn (108)–1; Dinant (111)–1; Troyes (161)–1; Indeterminate (249)–1, (250)–1, (252)–1.

Source: Völckers, pp. 72, 156.

Remains: The coins listed are in the Cabinet des Médailles, Bibliothéque royale, Brussels.

5. Jelsum (at least 9 pieces).

Find: before 1887. Deposit: 761–790.

Charlemagne

Dorestadt (99)–3; Chartres (153)–1; Indeterminate (249)–1, (250)–1, (262)–2 (Völckers attributes one more coin of this type to the deposit, to make a total of 3; but the grounds of this attribution are uncertain), (274)–1.

Source: P. C. J. A. Boeles, "Les trouvailles de monnaies carolingiennes dans les Pays-Bas, spécialement celles des trois provinces septentrionales," Jaarboek voor Mun- ten Penningkunde, 2 (1915), pp. 23 ff.; Völckers, pp. 73, 158.

Remains: Preserved in Frisian Museum (Leeuwarden).

6. "Jura" (7 pieces). Find: ca. 1954. Deposit: ca. 761–790.

Charlemagne

Verdun (120)–3; (121)–1; Rheims (135)–1; Chartres (153)–1; Indeterminate (226)–1.

Source: Lafaurie, ANSCent. Publ., pp. 407–415; Völckers, pp. 71, 155.

Remains: Dispersed.

7. Sarzana (12 pieces). Find: 1868. Deposit: ca. 761–790.

Charlemagne

Dorestadt (99)–1; St–Martin (Tours) (150)–1; Indeterminate (226)–7, (231)–1, (262)–1, (292)–1.

Source: RN 1868, pp. 345–356; Gariel I, pp. 56 f; Völckers, pp. 95, 175.

Remains: Dispersed.

8. Vercelli (ca. 25 pieces). Find: before 1758. Deposit: 761–790.

Charlemagne

Strassburg (97)–"plusiers;" Treviso (213)–1; Indeterminate (232)–?, (238)–?, (244)–?. (250)–?, (268)–?, (272)–?, (307)–?.

Source: J. Lafaurie, "Trésor de monnaies carolingiennes découvert dans le Jura," ANSCent. Publ., p. 409, n. 9; Völckers, pp. 97, 177.

Remains: Dispersed.

9. Krinkberg (91 pieces). Find: 1885. Deposit: 781–800.

Charlemagne

Dorestadt (99)–47, including fragments and imitations; Dinant (111)–1; Verdun (120)–1; Laon (27)–1; Le Mans (144)–1; Chartres (153)–1; Langres (163)–1; Lyon (165)–3; Marseille (201)–1; Indeterminate (226)–5, (249)–5, (252)–1, (253)–1, (254)–2; (260)–3, (261)–2, (262)–2, (268)–3, (269)–1, (278)–1, (283)–1, (297)–1, (306)–2.

Louis thePious (Royal issue)

Indeterminate (461)–1. Source: E. Nöbbe, "Der karolingische Münzschatz vom Krinkberg," Festschrift zur Hundertjahrfeier des Museums vorgeschichtlicher Altertümer in Kiel (Neumünster in Holstein, 1936), pp. 136–160; Völckers, pp. 79, 166.

Remains: Bulk of deposit preserved in Schloss Gotthorp, Landesmuseum Schleswig.

10. Ilanz II (123 pieces). Find: 1904. Deposit: ca. 790–800.

Pippin the Short

Strassburg (1)–1 ; Indeterminate (48)–7, (69)–1.

Charlemagne.

Dorestadt (99)–1; Rheims (133)–1; St-Martin (Tours) (151)–1; Chartres (153)–1; Lyon (164)–1; Parma (206)–1; Pavia (207)–1; Milan (211)–1; Treviso (214)–1; (216)–2; Indeterminate (226)–19, (238)–2, (262)–1, (272)–3, (276)–1, (287)–1, (305)–1.

>Foreign Issues

A. Lombard Kings

Liutprand–1; Desiderius–33; Indeterminate–2.

B. Charlemagne, Lombard fabric.

Bergamo–6; Castel Seprio–1; Chur (?)–1; Lucca–1; Milan–24; Pavia–1.

C. Anglo-Saxon Kings

Off a of Mercia–2; Egbert of Kent–1.

D. Islamic Rulers Al–Mahdi–1; Harun al-Rashid–1.

Source: F. Jecklin, "Der langobardisch-karolingische Münzfund bei Ilanz," Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Numismatischen Gesellschaft, 25 (1906/7), pp. 28–79; Völckers, pp. 73, 160.

Remains: Entire deposit in Rätisches Museum, Chur.

11. Biebrich (ca. 4000 pieces). Find: 1921. Deposit: 790–814.

Charlemagne

Mainz (91); (92), "Sennes" (95); Dorestadt (100); Bourges (173). (174); Laon (130); St. Denis (139a); Tours (147); Lyon (166); Melle (172); Agen (178), (179); Toulouse (181); Vienne (191); Pavia (207); Indeterminate (308).

Foreign Issues

Leo III; Harun al-Rashid.

Source: Blätter für Münzfreunde, 40 (1925), p. 207; A. Cahn, Versteigerungs-Katalog Nr . 42 (1922): Sammlung eines rheinischen Gelehrten , nos. 497–512; Völckers, pp. 104, 182.

Remains: Twenty-six coins reasonably supposed to be ex Biebrich are preserved by the Landesamt für Kulturgeschichtliche Bodenaltertümer, Wiesbaden, which also possesses 23 casts of additional pieces attributed to the find. The bulk of this deposit was scattered in wet concrete and built into a retaining wall in the Rhein.

12. Bondeno (ca. 2000 pieces). Find: 1896. Deposit: 790–814.

Charlemagne

Melle (172); Beziers (183); Pavia (207); Milan (212); Treviso (220).

Source: RIN 1896, p. 144; Not in Völckers.

Remains: Dispersed.

13. Ibersheim (30 pieces). Find: 1880. Deposit: ca. 814.

Charlemagne

Lyon (166)–1; Melle (172)–3; Agen (177)–1; Toulouse (181)–1; Arles (196)–1; Pavia (207)–4; Milan (212)–2; Indeterminate (311)–1. One fragment of the +CAROLVS REX FR type, with the reverse inscription +DA+R...

Source: P. Joseph in Berliner Münzblätter , 3 (1882), p. 230, and (less complete) Die Münzen von Worms (Darmstadt, 1906); Völckers, pp. 110, 186,

Remains: Fifteen pieces in the Paulusmuseum, Worms (Städtisches Museum, Worms).

14. BelvSzet (293 pieces). Find: 1836. Deposit: ca. 820.

Charlemagne

Melle (172)–1; Pavia (207)–1.

Louis the Pious

Palace (320)–1; Mainz (321)–1; Chur (322)–1; Dorestadt (332)–3; Trier (344)–1; Verdun (347)–1; Rheims (357)–4; Paris (360)–13; Meaux (363)–4; Rouen (366)–3; Tours (371)–6; Sens (376)–4; Lyon (379)–4; Nantes (384)–1; Aquitaine (389)–5; Melle (399)–11; Bourges (410)–7; Dax (415)–3; Toulouse (420)–4; Ampurias (424)–5; Barcelona (426)–9; Nar–bonne (430)–10; Vienne (433)–8; Arles (435, 439)–8; Marseille (444)–47; Pavia (447)–40; Milan (451)–17; Treviso (453)–1; Lucca (454)–1; Venice (456)–34; Indeterminate (472)–3, (509)–1.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 651; Völckers, pp. 115, 190.

Remains: Dispersed.

15. Veuillin (742 pieces). Find: 1871. Deposit: ca. 820.

Louis the Pious

Palace (320)–30; Mainz (321)–2; Strassburg (326, 327)–3; Dorestadt (332, 335)–14; Cologne (339, 341)–3; Cambrai (342)–8; Trier (344)–2; Metz (346)–1; Verdun (347)–12; Quentovic (353)–7 1 Rheims (356, 357, 358)–12; Paris (360, 361)–24; Meaux (363)–4; Rouen (366)–5; Tours (371)–28; Orléans (373)–1; Sens (376)–21; Chalon–sur–Saone (378)–2; Lyon (379)–19; Nantes (384)–1; Aquitaine (389)–13; Melle (398, 407)–73; Bourges (410)–127; Dax (415, 416)–5; Toulouse (420)–2; Ampurias (424)–2; Barcelona (425)–3; Narbonne (430)–14; Arles (435, 439)–10; Marseille (444.)–4.;–Pavia (447, 448)–26; Milan (451)–47; Treviso (453)–6; Venice (455, 456, 458)–195; Indeterminate (462)–2.

Charles the Bald or Charlemagne

Melle (1063).

Source: Gariel I, pp. 60ff.; Völckers, pp. 115, 189.

Remains: Dispersed.

16. Angers (32 pieces). Find: 1812. Deposit: 814–840.

Louis the Pious

Meaux (362)–1; Tours (371)–2; Sens (376)–4; Rennes (382)–1; Nantes (383)–1; Melle (398)–17, (402–3; Bourges (410)–2.

Source: Gariel I, p. 68f.

Remains: Dispersed.

17. Barbentane (at least 25 denarii and 3 oboli), Find: "an debut du (XXe) siécle." Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–25, (473)–3.

Source: RN 1945, pp. 192f.

Remains: Dispersed.

18. Dorestadt (48 pieces). Find: 1845/6. Deposit: ca. 814?

Charlemagne

Mainz (92)–1; Dorestadt (100)–6; Tours (147)–; Melle (172)–1; Agen (178)–4; Pavia (207)–2; Milan (212)–1; Treviso (220)–2; Indeterminate (308)–1, (318)–1.

Louis the Pious

Mainz (321)–2; Strassburg (324)–1; Dorestadt (330)–6; Cambrai (342)–1 (?); Quentovic (353)–2; Venice (456)–1 (?); Indeterminate (472)–12, (476)–1.

Charles the Bald (The presence of these coins in the find is dubious.) Chelles (856)–1; Toulouse (1095)–1.

Source: L. de Coster, RBN 1857, pp. 35f.; Völckers does not discuss this find separately, omitting entirely the issues of Pavia and Milan in Charlemagne's name; the other coins in the deposit appear in Völckers’ catalogue under these numbers: III, 20, 29, 35, 44, 48, 69, 72, 78–79, 85–86, 93–98, 101, 104, 106–107, 113–114, 120, 152–163.

Remains: Divided between Nahuys and van Ittersum Colls., reassembled ca. 1851 by de Coster, and dispersed.

19. Frankfurt a.M. (4 pieces). Find: 1956. Deposit: ca. 835(?) Two denarii of Dorestadt, one of Sens, and one of Venice.

The issuing monarchs are not mentioned, but the combination of mints suggests the reign of Louis the Pious.

Source: Numismatisches Nachrichtenblatt, 1956, p. 148.

Remains: Frankfurt, Städtisches Museum.

20. Freising (40–50 pieces). Find: 1938. Deposit: ca. 835.

Denarii of Louis the Pious and his successors, with one penny of Wulfred of Canterbury.

Source: MS. Akten der Staatlichen Münzsammlung München.

Remains: Dispersed.

21. Heljarp (30 pieces). Find: 1905. Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–30.

Source: K. Skaare, "Et myntfunn fra Kaupang," Fra Kaupang–Grau–ningen , 1959 (Stockholm, 1958/9), p. 114; G. Galster, Coins and History (Copenhagen, 1959), p. 68.

Remains: Dispersed.

22. Hermenches (300 pieces). Find: 1921. Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Venice (456)–2; Indeterminate (472)–298.

Source: RN 1924, p. 131 f.

Remains: Bulk of find in Cabinet des Médailles, Lausanne.

23. "Indre" (24 pieces). Find: 1882. Deposit: ca. 840.

Louis the Pious

Paris (361)–1; Melle (398)–2; Bourges (410)–1; Dax (415)–1; Arles (439)–1; Indeterminate (472)–9, (480)–1, (491)–1, (496)–1, (503)–1.

Pippin I/II

Indeterminate (621)–1.

Charles the Bald

Indeterminate (1157)–1.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 69f.

Remains: Dispersed.

24. Karden (4 pieces). Find: 1928( ?). Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious Indeterminate (472).

Source: Bonner Jahrbuch, 134 (1929),Jahresbericht 1928, p. 180.

Remains: One piece preserved in Landesmuseum Bonn.

25. Kettilstorp (ca. 20 pieces).

Find: before 1873. Deposit: ca. 835.

Louis the Pious Indeterminate (472)–2.

Pippin I/II

Poitiers (605)–1; Melle (606)–2.

Charles the Bald Melle (1063)–3.

Found with fragments of twelve Cufic coins.

Source: K. Skaare, "Et myntfunn fra Kaupang," Fra Kaupang–Grau–ningen , 1959 (Stockholm, 1958/9), p. 112; N. L. Rasmusson, "Kring de västerländska mynten i Birka," Från Stenålder till Rokoko (Festschrift Otto Rydbeck) (Stockholm, 1937), p. 121; Völckers, pp. 118, 192.

Remains: Dispersed ?

26. Thouars (47 pieces). Find: 1849. Deposit: after 817.

Louis the Pious Indeterminate (472)–45, (509)–1.

Lothaire I

Indeterminate (589)–1.

Source: Gariel I, p. 70.

Remains: Dispersed.

27. Winsum (? pieces). Find: before 1861.

Louis the Pious

"une masse compacte de monnaies franques en argent de Louis le Debonnaire"

Source: Boeles, op. cit., p. 53.

Remains: Dispersed.

28. Aalsum (at least 31 pieces). Find: before 1885.

Deposit: ca. 840.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–5 (or 14).

Lothaire I

Dorestadt (521)–2; (525)–22; Indeterminate (576?)–1.

Imitation of Louis the Pious No. 515–1.

Source: Boeles, op. cit., pp. 50 ff.

Remains: Twenty-seven pieces are preserved in the Frisian Museum (Leeuwarden).

29. Achlum (428 pieces). Find: 1852. Deposit: ca. 840.

Charlemagne

Lyon (167)–1.

Louis the Pious

Mainz (321)–1; Strassburg (327)–1; Dorestadt (330)–1; (332)–2; Indeterminate (472)–484.

Pippin I/II

Indeterminate (621)–1.

Charles the Bald

Rheims (813)–2; Orléans (944)–1; Melle (1063)–1; Indeterminate (1154)–1, (1157)–1, (1162)–1.

Source: Boeles, op. cit., pp. 30 ff.

Remains: Dispersed.

30. Auzeville (46 pieces). Find: ca. 1878. Deposit: ca. 840. Louis the Pious

Toulouse (420)–1.

Pippin I/II

Toulouse (618, 619,)–19.

Charles the Bald .

Toulouse (1095, 1096, 1101, 1103, 1104)–26.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 77ff.

Remains: Dispersed.

31. Ballon ("un petit depôt"). Find: 1824/5. Deposit: ca. 840.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Lothaire I

Huy (541).

Charles the Bald

Rheims (813); Indeterminate (1154).

Source: Gariel I, pp. 71 f.

Remains: Dispersed.

32. Brioux (133+ pieces). Find: 1878. Deposit: ca. 840.

Louis the Pious,

Pavia (445)–1.

Pippin I/II.

Aquitaine (601)–1; Melle (606)–22, (607)–1, (608)–39; Tou–louse (616)–?.

Charles the Bald

Melle (1056)–70, (1057), (1063)–2, (1066); Toulouse (1095)–?.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 76f. (partial account); RN 1884, pp. 273f.; A. Bardonnet, "Sur un trésor carlovingien provenant de Brioux' Bulletins de la Société de Statistique, Sciences, Lettres et Arts du Département des Deux–Sèvres, 5 (1882), pp. 14–21. The three finds reported by Bardonnet may well have been parts of one large deposit.

Remains: Dispersed.

33. Cosne (41 pieces). Find: 1892. Deposit: ca. 840.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–2.

Lothaire I

Dorestadt (525)–2.

Charles the Bald

Orléans (944)–8; Auxerre (987)–29.

Source: RN 1893, p. 111.

Remains: Dispersed.

34. Emmen (362 pieces). Find: 1871. Deposit: ca. 840.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–186, (478)–15, (481)–2, (483)–4. (495)–5, (496)–7.

Lothaire I

Dorestadt (525)–79; Huy (541)–2; Trier (546)–1; Verdun (551)–2; Indeterminate (575)–1, (576)–1. (581)–1, (582)–" quelques–unes. "

Charles the Bald

Rheims (813)–11; Orléans (944)–2, (945)–1; Indeterminate (1157)–11.

Source: Boeles, op. cit., pp. 60ff.

Remains: Nearly the entire deposit is preserved in the Provinciaal Museum van Drenthe, Assen.

35. Etréchy (6 pieces). Find: 1884. Deposit: ca. 840.

Charles the Bald

Chartres (932)–1; Orléans (944)–2; Aquitaine (1053)–3.

Source: Annuaire de la Société française de numismatique et d’archéologie, 8 (1884), pp. 367f.

Remains: Dispersed.

36. Fontaines (ca. 600 pieces). Find: 1893. Deposit: ca. 840.

Louis the Pious

Aquitaine (388); Melle (394); Indeterminate (472).

Pippin I/II

Aquitaine (598); Indeterminate (621).

Charles the Bald

Rheims (813); Aquitaine (1050); Indeterminate (1157).

Source: Annuaire de la Société française de numismatique et d’archiologie, 18 (1894), pp. 147 f

Remains: Dispersed.

37. "Frisia" (20+ pieces). Find: before 1853. Deposit: ca. 840.

Louis the Pious

Orléans (372)–1; Indeterminate (466)–1, (472)–14.

Lothaire I

Indeterminate (562)–1, (568)–1.

Pippin I/II

Aquitaine (597)–1; Bourges (609)–1.

A number of undescribed pieces were also in the deposit.

Source: Boeles, op. cit., pp. 26ff.

Remains: Dispersed.

38. Groningen (63 pieces). Find: 1890. Deposit: ca. 840.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–57.

Lothaire I

Dorestadt (525)–2; Cologne (530)–1; Verdun (551)–1; Indeterminate (583)–1.

Charles the Bald

Auxerre (987)–1.

Source: Boeles, op. cit., pp. 79ff.

Remains: Dispersed.

39. Kimswerd–Pingjum I (173 pieces).

Find: before 1891. Deposit: ca. 840.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472–87, (478)–1, (481)–2, (482)–2, (483)–2, (496)–6.

Lothaire I

Dorestadt (525)–58; Indeterminate (573)–1> (585)–1, (590)–1.

Charles the Bald

Rheims (813)–2; Indeterminate (1157)–9.

Source: Boeles, op. cit., pp. 42ft.

Remains: Purchased for the Frisian Museum (Leeuwarden), but lost,

40. Kimswerd–Pingjum II (52 pieces).

Find: before 1892. Deposit: ca. 840.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–19.

Lothaire I

Dorestadt (525)–16.

Pippin I/II

Dax (614)–1.

Charles the Bal

Meaux (848)–1; Indeterminate (1164, I][65)–4.

Source: Boeles, op. cit., pp. 44ff.

Remains: Twenty–sixpieces preserved at theFrisian Museum (Leeuwarden).

41. La Gillerie (35 pieces). Find: before 1857. Deposit: ca. 840. De Coster's account mentions only that the deposit contained twenty–two coins with city names and thirteen with the XPI–STIANA RELIGIO reverse, of which latter, one had the obverse inscription CARLVS REX FR.

Source: RBN 1857, p. 41.

Remains: Dispersed.

42. Lauzés (32 pieces). Find: 1893. Deposit: ca. 840.

Louis the Pious

Aquitaine (392)–1; Narbonne (430)–1; Indeterminate (471)–1, (472)–17. (473)–2.

Pippin I/III

Aquitaine (598)–1; Bourges (609)–1; Indeterminate (620)–1, (621)–1.

Charles the Bald

Indeterminate (1157)–1.

Source: RN 1906, pp. 301–305.

Remains: Dispersed.

43. Loppersum (243 pieces). Find: 1884. Deposit: ca. 840.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–242 (?)

Charles the Bald

Paris (827)–1 (?).

Source: Boeles, op. cit., pp. 82 f.

Remains: Dispersed.

44. Méréville-Saint-Pére (25 pieces).

Find: 1863? Deposit: ca. 840.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–5.

Pippin I/II

Aquitaine (597ff.)–2.*

Charles the Bald

Chartres (932)–1; Orléans (944)–11, (945)–1; Aquitaine (1049ff.)–3;* Indeterminate (1153)–2.

*"5 oboles du royaume d'Aquitaine, dont une de Pépin Ier; une de Pépin II; une inédited de Charles le Chauve; deux de Charles, le plus jeune des fils de Charles le Chauve."

Source: V. Duhamel, "Notice sur des monnaies gauloises et carlovingiennes trouvées é Méréville (Seine-et-Oise)," Annales de la Société historique et archéologique du Gatinais , 2 (1864), pp. 29–34.

Remains: Dispersed ?

45. Muizon-lez-Malines (73 alleged pieces).

Find: 1906. Desposit: ca. 840.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–41.

Lothaire I

Indeterminate (569)–1.

Pippin I/II

Aquitaine (601)–2, (602)–2.

Charles the Bald

Quentovic (723)–2; Aquitaine (1053)–2; Indeterminate (1157–13.

Foreign

Dirhem dating A.D. 866. I judge this piece extraneous to the find.

Source: RBN 1950, pp. 203–208.

Remains: Dispersed. Sixty–three pieces, supposedly from the deposit, have been assembled at the Musée royaux d'Art et d’Histoire (Parc du Cinquantenaire, Brussels).

46. Mullaghboden (11+ pieces). Find: 1871. Deposit: ca. 847.

Louis the Pious

Melle (398)–1; Indeterminate (472–2, (476)–1.

PippinI/II

Melle (606)–1.

Charles the Bald

Melle (1063)–2.

Source: Proceedings of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland (1872/3) pp. 13–16, R. H. M. Dolley, "The 1811 Viking–Age Find of Silver Coins as a Reflection of Westfaiding Intervention in Ireland’ Uni–versitetets Oldsaksamlings Årbok (1960–61), pp. 49–62; The Clongown –ian (Clongowes Wood College, Naas Co., Kildare, Ireland), vol. 23, no. 2 (1963), p. 5; R. H. M. Dolley and K. F. Morrison, "Finds of Carolingian Coins from Great Britain and Ireland/' British Numismatic Journal , 32 (1964), p. 78, no. 4.

Remains: Dispersed. One piece of Charles–Melle is in the British Museum; another is in the Museum at Clongowes Wood College, together with one coin of Louis–Christiana Religio, and tinfoil impressions of five of the other coins.

47 Neuvi–au–Houlme (ca. 150 grams of coins). Find: 1855. Deposit: ca. 840.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Lothaire I

Dorestadt (525); Indeterminate (585).

Pippin I/II

Indeterminate (621.)

Charles the Bald

Rheims (813).

Source: RN 1856, pp. 429f; Gariel I, p. 70.

Remains: Dispersed.

48. Oudwoude (62 pieces). Find: 1902. Deposit: ca. 840.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–28.

Lothaire I

Dorestadt (525)–30; Indeterminate (585)–1.

Charles the Bald

Paris (827)–1; Orléans (944)–1; Indeterminate (1157)–1.

Source: Boeles, op. cit., pp. 40ff.

Remains: Dispersed.

49. Rijs (112 pieces). Find: 1840. Deposit: ca. 840.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–12.

Lothaire I

Dorestadt (526)–2; Indeterminate (592)–1.

Charles the Bald .

Melle (1063)–1.

Source: Boeles, op. cit., pp. 47ff.

Remains: Twenty–three pieces are preserved in the Frisian Museum (Leeu warden).

50. Saint–Emilion II (200 pieces).

Louis the Pious

"oboles et demi–oboles"

Charles the Bald (a small part of the deposit)

Melle (1063)

Source: Musée d’ Aquitaine, vol. III, pp. 1271; La Mothe, Essai, p. 172; C. Higounet. Bordeaux pendant le haut moyen age (Bordeaux, 1963), p. 319.

Remains?

51. Zelzate (ca. 450 pieces). Find: 1949. Deposit: ca. 840.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472, 478, 482, 483, 496)–290.

Lothaire I

Palace (517)–1; Cambrai (544)–?; Metz (549)–?; Indeterminate (573)–4, (583)–1, (585)–6, (588)–1.

Pippin I/II

Aquitaine (597)–1 (601)–5.

Charles the Bald

Mouzon (695–1 ; Bruges (698)– ?; Ghent (704)– ?; Thérouanne (712)–?; Quentovic (718)–1; Amiens (751)–?; Laon (793)–1; Rheims (813)–2; Paris (827)–?; St–Denis (840)–1; St–Martin (Tours) (920)–?; Orléans (945)–?; Sens (983)–3; Rennes (1045) –?; Indeterminate (1157)–18, (1160)–1.

Louis the Child (more probably, Louis the German) Indeterminate (1570)–2.

Hybrid

Obv.: +LVGDVNICL+MONETA Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELIGIO Temple. Denarius. One exemplar.

Indecipherable

Obv.: +REDOODAITARG Cross.

Rev.: +TVRNACOCIVIT Karolus monogram. Denarius. One exemplar.

Obv.: +ODVTDADIIIE Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +BRATNOSODT Cross. Denarius. One exemplar.

Source: J. Dhondt and A. Van de Walle, "La trouvaille de monnaies carolingiennes de Zelzate," Handelingen der Maatschappij voor Geschiedenis en Oudheidkunde te Gent," IV, 2 (1950), pp. 5–21; P. Naster in RBN 1950, pp. 208–224.

Remains: Dispersed.

52. Ide (112 pieces). Find: 1955. Deposit: ca. 850.

Louis the Pious

Dorestadt (337)–1; Venice (456)–1 ; Indeterminate (472)–62.

Lothaire I

Dorestadt (525)–34; Maastricht (536, 538)–2.

Charles the Bald

Rheims (813–3; Orléans (945)–1; Indeterminate (1154)–1, (1157)–5.

Lothaire II Verdun (1189)–1.

Pippin I/II

One piece, "probably from Uzés:" van Gelder (1955), or Dax (614): van Gelder (1965).

Source: H. Enno van Gelder, "De karolingische Schatvondst van Ide," Provinciaal Museum van Drenthe, Museum Bulletin, 1955, pp. 257 f.; and, more recently, the excellent publication of the material by van Gelder, "Le trésor carolingien d’lde," RN 1965, pp. 241–261.

Remains: Assen Museum.

53. Pilligerheck (ca. 1500 pieces). Find: 1958? Deposit: ca. 850.

Louis the Pious

Dorestadt (337)–1; Indeterminate (472, 474–483, 485, 486, 488, 489, 491–494, 496, 497, 498, 500–502, 504, 505, 507, 508)–ca. 1290.

Lothaire I

Palace (517, 5*9)–9' Dorestadt (525)–131; Cologne (531)–1; Maastricht (539, 540)–2; Huy (541, 542)–3; Trier (546)–10; Metz (548, 549, 550)–9; Verdun (551, 552)–33; Milan (558)–I; Indeterminate (562, 563, 570, 573, 577, 578, 579, 582, 585)–33.

Louis the German Mainz (594)–3.

Pippin I/II

Aquitaine (599)–2; Dax (614)–2; Toulouse (616)–1; Indeterminate (621)–2.

Charles the Bald

Quentovic (715)–1; Laon (792)–3; Rheims (813)–18; Paris (826)–3; Meaux (850)–1; St–Martin (Tours) (920)–4; Chartres (931)–1; Orléans (944)–8, (945)–10; Sens (882)–9; Indeterminate (1153)–30. (1167)–1.

Lothaire II

Verdun (1187)–4.

Hybrid

Obv.: °PAIATINAMONETA. Cross with one dot in each corner.

Rev.: XPISTIANARELICIO Temple. Denarius. One exemplar.

Source: Unpublished.

Remains: Presently preserved in Landesmuseum Trier and Prähistori–sche Sammlung, München.

54. Chamoux–Marcilly (303+ pieces).

Find: 1930. Deposit: ca. 850.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–216.

Charles the Bald

Orléans (945)–1; Aquitaine (1053)–15; Melle (1064)–2 ; Bourges (1067)–16, (1071)–6, (1072)–3; Indeterminate (1154)–46, (1158)–3.

Source: RN 1933, pp. 231 f.; P. Chenu, in Mémoires de la Société historique du Cher, ser IV, vol. 39 (1931/2), Bourges, pp. 103–126.

Remains: Dispersed.

55. Midlaren (85 pieces). Find: 1906. Deposit: ca. 855.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–29.

Lothaire I

Dorestadt (525)–48; Pavia (556)–88.

Charles the Bald

Chartres (932)–1; Sens (982)–1; Auxerre (987)–1.

Lothaire II

Aachen (1184)–1.

Source: Boeles, op. cit., pp. 63ff.

Remains : Portions of the find are preserved in the Provinciaal Museum van Drenthe, Assen and in the Royal Cabinet, The Hague.

56. Wagenbogen (ca. 500 pieces). Find: 1900. Deposit: ca. 860.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472, 478, 481).

Lothaire I

Palace (517); Dorestadt (521, 525); Cologne (531); Maastricht (535, 536, 537): Metz (548, 549): Verdun (551); Pavia (556, 557); Milan (558); Indeterminate (582, 583, 588, 590, 591, 592).

Pippin I/II

Aquitaine (599).

Charles the Bald

Rheims (813); Paris (826, 827); Orléans (944); Sens (982); Bourges (1070); Indeterminate (1157, 1166).

Lothaire II

Verdun (1187); Indeterminate (1190).

Source: Boeles, op. cit., pp. 83ff.

Remains : Nearly half the deposit is preserved in the Royal Cabinet, The Hague.

57. Langon (8–9 pounds of coins). Find: 1822. Deposit: after 864?

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)

Charles the Bald

Melle (1063 ?)

Source: C. Higounet, Bordeaux pendant le haut moyen age (Bordeaux 1963), P. 318.

Remains: ?

58. Vaux-de-Vire ("quelques piles de deniers d'argent").

Find: 1840. Deposit: after 864.

Charles the Bald

Valenciennes (730); Amiens (754); Noyon (804); St-Denis (843); Lisieux (886); Bayeux (889); "Curtisassonien" (895); Le Mans (905); Angers (912); Blois (926); Chartres (937).

Charles the Simple, (probably in this find, Charles the Bald )

Orléans (1409).

Source: RN 1840, pp. 375f

Remais: Dispersed.

59. Nourray (20 pieces). Find: 1866. Deposit: after 864.

Charles the Bald

Palace (622)–5; Aachen (641)–1; Thérouanne (712)–1; Amiens (762)–1; Rheims (814)–1; Paris (833)–1; St-Denis (843)–1; Bayeux (887)–2; Tours (916)–1; Chinon (922)–1; Orléans (948)–4; Nevers (1007)–1.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 83f.

Remains: Dispersed.

60. Assebrouck (ca. 600 pieces). Find: 1858. Deposit: ca. 870. Only the following coins were inventoried:

Charles the Bald

Bruges (699)–139; Quentovic (717)–13; Arras (747)–48; St-Denis (847)–4.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 132f.

Remains: Dispersed.

61. York (ca. 100 pieces).

Find: shortly before 1760. Deposit: ca. 870.

Lothaire II

Indeterminate (1190).

Source: NC 1957, pp. 199–201; Dolley–Morrison, "Finds," p. 78, no. 6.

Remains: Dispersed.

62. Compiégne (ca. 232 pieces). Find: 1877. Deposit: ca. 874.

Charles the Bald

Palace (625)–1, (628)–20; Dinant (651)–1; Namur (658)–1; Mouzon (695)–1 ; Ghent (704)–1; Therouanne (712)–1; Quentovic (7235–29; Arras (740)–2; Amiens (759, 760)–2; St-Pierre (Corbie) (771)–1; St–Quentin (112)–6; Beauvais (784)–2; Compiégne (789)–5, (791)–2; Laon (794)–10, (798)–2; Soissons (806)–1; Rheims (814)–34, (816)–4; Attigny (817)–2; Paris (833)–19; St-Denis (847)–1; Meaux (852)–5, (853)–2; Jouarre (863)–1; Melun (864)–2; Rouen (871)–36; (873)–3; Evreux (879)–1; Lisieux (882)–1; Bayeux (887)–1; Le Mans (906)–2; Chartres (933)–4; Chateau Landon (951)–]:; Troyes (954)–1; Bar–sur–Aube (972)–1; Le Mont Lassois (978)–1; Sens (984)–5, (986b)–2; Autun (1009)–1; Nantes (1047)–1; Indeterminate (1132)–, (n37)–3, (1146)–1.

Louis II/III

Visé (1228)–1; Tours (1255)–1.

Mule

Obv.: +GRATIAD–IREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +CAROLVSREX. Cross. Denarius. One exemplar.

Two totally garbled denarii.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 85f.

Remains:Dispersed

63. Beaumont (perhaps 160 pieses). Find: 1881. Deposit: ca. 875.

Available for study: 118 denarii, 10 oboli. Duhamel lists only the five oboli in his possession.

Charles the Bald

Palace (622)–1, (629)–1, (630)–1; Cambrai (669)–1; St-Géry (675)–1 ; Mouzon (691)–1; Quentovic (721)–1, (723)–1; Arras (742)–2; Amiens (758 and 760)–4; Corbie (770)–1; St-Quentin (772)–1; Laon (794)—7; Noyon? (804?)–1; Soissons (805)–6; Rheims (814)–14; Attigny (817)–1; Paris (833)–8; St-Denis (842)–1; Chelles (859?)–1; Melun (864)–1; Rouen (869)–1, (870, 871)–7; Le Talou (881)–1; Bayeux (888)–1; "Curtisassonien" (895)–11, (896)–1; Le Mans (905)–7; Tours (916)–1; Blois (923)–3; Chartres (935)–10; Orléans (948)–10; Chateau–Landon (951)–1; Nantes (1047)–1; Indeterminate (1148)–1.

Source: Duhamel, "Considérations sur les monnaies carlovingiennes découvertes à Beaumont, commune de Chalo-Saint-Mard (Seine-et-Oise)." Annales de la Société historique et Archéologique du Gatînais, 6 (1888), pp. 233–242. See also the article by Legrand in the inventory of the Etampes find.

Remains : Dispersed.

64. Etampes (ca. 221 pieces). Find: 1882. Deposit: ca. 875.

Charles the Bald

Palace (622)–1, (629)–2, (630)–1; Cambrai (671)–2; St-Géry (Cambrai) (675)–1; Mouzon (691)–2; Quentovic (723)–15, (724)–2; Arras (742, 752)–2; Amiens (760, 763)–11; St-Pierre (Corbie) (770)–2; St-Quentin (772)–2; Laon (794)–15; Soissons (805)–11; Rheims (814)–31; Attigny (817)–1; Paris (833–15; St-Denis (843)–2; Chelles (859)–1; Melun (864)–1; Rouen (871)–17, (873)–1; Le Talou (881)–2 ; Lisieux (886)–1; Bayeux (888)–1; "Curtisassonien" (895)–24; (896)–2; Le Mans (905)–16; Angers (912)–1; Tours (916)–16; Blois (923)–4; Chartres (933)–17; Orléans (948)–17; Chateau Landon (951)–1; Sens (984)–1; Nantes (1047)–1:; Indeterminate (1124)–1, (1148)–1.

Carloman

Auxerre (1197)–1.

Louis II/III

Palace (1223)–1; Marsal (1243)–1; Tours (1255)–1.

Garbled

Obv.: +CRATIADIREX. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +VIIATRITIVOV. Cross. Denarius. One exemplar.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 84f. (partial account); Legrand, "Deux trouvailles en une seule," RN 1916, pp. 173–180.

Remains: Dispersed.

65. Laxfield (ca. 9 pieces). Find: 1819. Deposit: ca. 875.

Charles the Bald

Nivelle (661)–1; Quentovic (718)–2; Laon (794)–1; Rouen (878)–1.

Coins in the Name of an Emperor Charles

St-Géry (Cambrai) (1445)–1.

Illegible temple types

2 denarii.

Source: Note in Banks MSS in Department of Coins and Medals, British Museum; Dolley–Morrison, "Finds," p. 79, no. 11.

Remains: Dispersed.

66. Roswinkel (145 pieces). Find: 1870. Deposit: ca. 875.

Chalemagne

Milan (212)–1.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–8, (484)–1, (490)–1.

Lothaire I

Dorestadt (522)–1, (525)–103; Indeterminate (561)–1, (590)–1:. Pippin I/II

Aquitaine (601)–1.

Charles the Bald

Auxerre (987)–1; Indeterminate (1123)–1.

Louis II/III

Visé (1227)–6.

Imitation of Louis the Pious

No. 515.

Mule

Obv.: +CAROLVSRER Cross.

Rev.:+CRATAD–IER Karolus monogram. Obolus. One exemplar.

One piece with totally garbled inscription.

Source: Boeles, op. cit., pp. 66ff. Völckers, pp. 111, 188.

Remains: A portion of the deposit is preserved in the Royal Cabinet, The Hague, and in the Assen Museum.

67. Arras (ca. 497 pieces). Find: 1869. Deposit: ca. 880.

Charles the Bald

Palace (633)–25; Dinant (650)–1; Quentovic (723, 725)–4; Valenciennes (730)–1; Arras (747, 750)–184; Amiens (760)–5; St-Fursy (Amiens) (769)–1; St-Quentin (772)–7; Morienval (787)–1; Compiégne (789)–2; Laon (794)–17; Soissons (805)–9; St-Médard (Soissons) (811)–1; Rheims (814)–15; Paris (833)–7; St-Denis (843)–2; Meaux (852)–1; Rouen (867, 878)–7; "Curtisassonien" (895)–13; Le Mans (905)–8; Blois (927)–6; Chartres (936)–1; Orléans (948)–10; Chateau Landon (951)–1; LeMont Lassois (978, 979)–2; Sens (984, 986)–2; Auxerre (998)–1; Autun (1010)–1; Avallon (1015, 1018)–2; Langres (1020)–3; Dijon (1023)–2; Tonnerre (1029)–1; Chalon–sur–Saône (1034)–1; Rennes (1045)–1; Nantes (1047)–1; Bourges (1076)–3; Clermont (1078)–3; Indeterminate (1127)–1, (1132)–1 (1143)–1

Louis II/III

Palace (1225).

Odo

Palace (1264, 1264)–2; Arras (1268, 1269)–16; Amiens (1270)–16; St-Pierre (Corbie) (1271)–7; St-Quentin (1274)–1; Paris (1283)–1; St-Denis (1286, 1287)–12.

Charles the Simple

Beauvais (1376)–18.

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles

Tournai (1460)–1; Bourges (1482)–2.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 107 ff.

Remains: Dispersed.

68. Avignon (ca. 800 pieces). Find: 1822. Deposit: ca. 880.

Charles the Bald

Clermont (1078, 1083); Toulouse (1098).

Carloman

Substantione (1205); Arles (1209, 1211).

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles

Béziers (1492,1493); Arles (1499–1513); Indeterminate (1522, 1523).

Hybrid

Obv.: +CRINARIICIO. Cross.

Rev.:+CONSTANTIA. Temple. Denarius.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 119f.

Remains: Dispersed.

69. Bligny ("une assez grande quantité de monnaies carolingiennes"). Find: 1855. Deposit: ca. 880.

Louis the Pious (?)

Aachen (329).

Charles the Bald

Palace (631)–2; Cambrai (672)–1; Verdun (683)–6, (687)–3; Quentovic (718)–1; Laon (795)–1; Rheims (814)–2; Chélonssur˚Marne (820)–1; Paris (833)–10; St-Denis (843)–1; Jouarre (861)–3; Rouen (878)–9, (879)–1; Bayeux (887)–2, (889)–2, (890)–3; "Curtisassonien" (895)–2; Le Mans (905)–1; Orléans (948)–2; Troyes (954)–1; Bar-sur-Aube (963, 964, 969, 970, 971, 972)–15; Le Mont Lassois (977)–4; Sens (984)–1; Dijon (1023)–2; Melle (1063)–6; Indeterminate (1143), (1149)–1.

Louis II/III

Metz (1241)–1; Marsal (1243)–1; Provins (1254)–1.

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles

Verdun (1450)–1, (1458)–1.

Mule

Obv.:+HLVDOVVICVS. Cross.

Rev.:+GRATIAD–IREX. Karolus monogram. Obolus. Two exemplars.

Two additional denarii and one obolus, totally illegible.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 81 ff.

Remains: Dispersed.

70. Bonnevaux (ca. 6000 pieces). Find: 1854. Deposit: ca. 880. Charles the Bald

Mouzon (693)–1; Thérouanne (712)–1; Quentovic (723)–1; Rheims (814)–1; Le Mans (905)–1; Blois (923)–1; Sens (984)–1; Rennes (1045)–1; Melle (1060, 1061, 1063, 1064)–5000 denarii, 250 oboli; Toulouse (1099)–1, (1106)–1.

Carloman

Melle (1199–)1; Limoges (1201)–1, (1202)–1; Toulouse (1203)–1.

Odo

Limoges (1332)–?.

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles

Bourges (1479)–19, (1480)–3; Arles (1499)–1.

Mule

Obv,:+PICTAVICIV. Cross.

Rev.:+MET+VLLO. Karolus monogram. Denarius. Three exemplars.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 124ff.

Remains: Dispersed.

71. Bourgneuf (ca. 1270 pieces). Find: 1893. Deposit: ca. 880?

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–25, (482)–15.

Charles the Bald

Palace (622)–1, (630)–2; Verdun (688)–1; Mouzon (695)–1; Ghent (704)–1; Quentovic (716)–3; Tournai (729)–2; Arras (742)–1; Laon (795)–1; Noyon (804)–1; Rheims (814)–5; Paris (833)–5; St-Denis (843)–4; Bayeux (887)–14; Deux–Jumeux (892)–1; Le Mans (905)–2; Troyes (954)1, (957)–1 Bar–sur–Aube (973)–2; Sens (984)–2; Auxerre (999)–1; Aval–lon (1015)–1; Langres (1021)–1; Dijon (1023)–3; Tonnerre (1030)–2; Chalon–sur–Saône (1034)–2; Besançon (1040)–1; Rennes (1045)–900; Bruges (1071)–3; Clermont (1082)–1; Vienne (1109)–3; Indeterminate (1157)–ca. 199, (1165)–1.

Charles the Simple(?)

Orléans (1409)–9.

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles

Chalon–sur–Saône (1472, 1477,1478)–8; Arles (1499)–1.

Source: P. Pinette, "Le trésor de Bourgneuf," Bulletin numismatique française, I (1897), pp. 43–53.

Remains: Dispersed.

72. Chalon–sur–Saône I (? pieces). Find: 1893. Deposit: ca. 880.

Charles the Bald

Palace (628); Mouzon (695); Laon (795); Rheims (814); Paris (833); St-Denis (843); Bayeux (887); Le Mans (905); Orléans (948); Troyes (954); Langres (1021); Dijon (1023); Rennes (1045) ; Bourges (1071); Vienne (1109).

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles

Chalon–sur–Saône (1472).

Source: Annuaire de la Société française de numismatique, 17 (1893), pp. 209 f.; RN 1894, p. 129.

Remains: Dispersed.

73. Chalon–sur–Saône II (28 pieces).

Find: 1956. Deposit: ca. 880?

Charles the Bald

Dijon (1023)–8; Chalon–sur–Saône (1034)–1; Rennes (1045)–10.

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles

Indeterminate (1526)–2.

Source: L. Armand–Cailliat, "Une cachette monétaire carolingienne trouvée à Chalon, rue des Cornillons," Mémoires de la Société d’Histoire et d’Archéologie de Chalon–sur–Saône , 34 (1957), pp. 88–94.

Remains: Dispersed.

74. Gannat(ca. 200 pieces). Find: 1867. Deposit: ca. 880.

Charles the Bald

Bourges (1071); Clermont (1082, 1084).

Coins in the Name of an Emperor Charles

Nevers (1464); Bourges (1480, 1482).

Mule

Obv.:+BITVRIGESCIVIT. Cross.

Rev.:+B1TVRIGESCIVIT. Karolus monogram. Denarius. One exemplar.

Gariel also registered a coin of Bourges with the GRATIAD–IREX obverse; but he himself commented that this reading was doubtful, as there were no other known exemplars of the type. Gariel was working from a partial and inexpert inventory of the deposit; he did not see the coins themselves.

Source: Gariel I, p. 118. RN 1867, pp. 316ff.; Annuaire de la Société française de numismatique et d’archéologie, 3 (1868), p. 373.

Remains: Dispersed.

75. Glizy (ca. 670 pieces). Find: 1865. Deposit: ca. 880.

Charles the Bald

Palace (623, 624, 625, 628, 631, 634)–48; (630)–2; Maastricht (646)–3; Dinant (651)–1 ; Huy (655)–2; Namur (658)–1; Nivelle (659, 660)–4; Condé–sur–l’Escaut (668)–1; Cambrai (670)–3; St-Géry (Cambrai) (675)–2; Mouzon (695)–1; Bruges (698)–5; Ghent (704, 705)–2; Cassel (708)–1; Thérouanne (714)–1; Quentovic (716, 720)–131 ( denarii and oboli); Valenciennes (731. 734)–3; Lens (736)–1; Arras (739, 748)–8; Amiens (759, 760, 765, 766, 767)–74 ( denarii and oboli ); St-Pierre (Corbie) (770)–1; St-Quentin (772, 773, 774, 778, 781)–27 ( denarii and oboli ; Beauvais (784)–1; Maurienval (786)–2; Compiégne (789, 791)–3; Noyon (802, 803)–2; Soissons (805, 809)–14; Attigny (817)–2; Châlons–sur–Marne (822)–2; Paris (833)–21; St-Denis (840, 841, 843, 844)–31; Meaux (852, 853)–3; Chelles (858, 859, 860)–3 ; Rouen (871)–35 ( denarri and oboli ); Bayeux (887)–3; "Curtisassonien" (895)–3, (901)–3; Le Mans (908)–7; Angers (912)–2; Tours (916)–1; Chartres (933)–1, (936)–9; Orléans (948, 949)–4; Chateau Landon (951)–4; Troyes (954)–2; Bar–sur–Aube (965)–3; Sens (984)–3, (986b)–1; Auxerre (992, 998, 999)–4 ( denarii and oboli ); Nevers (1007)–2; Autun (1009)–2; Avallon (1015)–1; Rennes (1045)–2; Indeterminate (1112)–1, (1122)–1, (1126)–1, (1128)–1, (1148)–4.

Louis II/III

Visé (1227)–1, (1230)–1; Marsal (1243)–1.

Charles the Simple

Rheims (1388, 1389)–39 (denarii and oboli).

Coins in the Name of an Emperor Charles

Mons (1444)–2; Tournai (1459)–1.

Illegible pieces

4 denarii and one obolus .

Source: RBN 1870, pp. 417–439 (partial account); Gariel I, pp. 95ff.

Remains: Dispersed.

76. Issy-l'Evéque (70 pieces). Find: 1867. Deposit: ca. 880.

Charles the Bald

Lisieux (886); "Curtisassonien" (895); Le Mans (905); Bourges (1075).

Charles the Simple

St-Nazar (Autun) (1418).

Coins in the Name of an Emperor Charles

Nevers (1464).

Source:Annuaire de la Société franéaise de numismatique et d'archéologie, 3 (1868), p. 402.

Remains: Dispersed.

77. Marsum (ca. 35 pieces). Find: 1906. Deposit: ca. 880.

Louis thePious

Indeterminate (472)–2.

Lothaire I

Dorestadt (525)–2.

Charles the Bald

Rheims (813)–1; Orléans (944)–1; Melle (1060)–1.

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles

Indeterminate (1526, 1527)–2.

Mule

Obv.: +CAROVSRER. Cross.

Rev.:+CRAT IAD–R. Karolus monogram. Obolus. One exemplar.

Twenty imitations of Louis the Pious, no. 512.

Source: Boeles, op. cit., pp. 94ff

Remains : Portions of the find are in the Frisian Museum (Leeuwarden), the Groningen Museum, and the Royal Cabinet in The Hague.

78. Moulin-Gargot (also "Huriel") (ca. 900 pieces).

Find: 1904. Deposit: ca. 880.

Charles the Bald

Nevers (1004)–2; Bourges (1071)–200, (1072)–28, (1073), (1074)–4; Clermont (1080)–2, (1081)–1.

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles

Nevers (1465)–9, (1466)–1, (1468); Bourges (1479)–604, (1480)–39, (1482), (1483), (1485), (1487)–600.

Source: RN 1905, p. 88; F. Roger, in Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires du Centre, 29 (1905), pp. 91–93; P. Gautier, in Bulletin numismatique et sigillographique, no. 25, pp. 352–354.

Remains: Dispersed.

Deposit: ca. 880.

79. Saumur (200 pieces). Find: 1856.

Charles the Bald

Angers (912)–2; Tours (916)–2; Orléans (948)–2; Melle (1061) –1, (1063)–100.

Louis 11–111

Tours (1255)–1.

Odo

Angers (1292)–56; Tours (1295)–26.

Source: Gariel I, p. 128.

Remains: Dispersed.

80. Saumeray (57 denarii). Find: 1933. Deposit: ca. 880.

Charles the Bald

Lisieux (886)–1; "Curtisassonien" (895)–1; Le Mans (905 var.)–6; Angers (912)–1; Tours (916)–5; Blois (926)–4; Chartres (937)–2; Orléans (948 var.)–33; Rennes (1045)–1.

Louis II/III

Tours (1255 var.)–3.

Source: Excellently published in J. Lafaurie, "Deux trésors monetaires carolingiens: Saumeray (Eure–et–Loir) Rennes (Ille–et–Vilaine)." RN 1965, pp. 262–305.

Remains: Preserved in the collection of "Les Amis de Bonneval."

81. Savigné–sous–le–Lude (? pieces).

Find: before 1899. Deposit: ca. 880.

Charles the Bald

Le Mans (905, 906, 908); Tours (915, 916, 917); Blois (923, 928); Orléans (948).

Louis II/III

Tours (1255, 1256).

Charles the Simple ( ?)

Orléans (1409).

Source: Revue historique et archéologique du Maine, 45, p. 202; RN 1915, p. 211.

82. Yrond (4 pieces). Find: 1842. Deposit: ca. 880?

Charles the Bald

Clermont (1082)–4.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 117f

Remains: Dispersed.

83. Ablaincourt (872 denarii, 30 oboli).

Find: 1957. Deposit: ca. 890.

No further details available.

Source: J. Lafaurie, "Deux trésors monétaires carolingiens: Saumeray (Eure-et-Loir) Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine)." RN 1965, p. 271.

Remains: Under study by M. Lafaurie, at the Bibliothéque Nationale.

84. ANS Find (368 [+ ?] pieces).

Find: about 1960. Deposit: ca. 890.

Provenance and date of discovery as yet undetermined. Pro-visionally, we have named the find for the Society which now owns it.

Charles the Bald

Palace (622)–1, (624)–2, (629)–15, (630)–1:, (633)–9, (635)–4, (636)–1; Bavai (665)–1; Cambrai (669)–1, (671)–3, (672)–1: St-Gery (676)–1; Ham (679)–1; Verdun (689a)–1; Mouzon (695)–1; Bruges (698)–2; Quentovic (716)–8, (717)–1; Valenciennes (730)–1, (733)–1, (735)–1; Arras (740)–2, (743)–1, (744)–1. (750)–1; Amiens (756)–2, (758)–1, (760)–10, (76s)–2, (767)–1; Peronne (768)–1; St-Quentin (772)–12, (7766)–1, (777)–1. (779)–1. (781)–10, (783)–2; Beauvais (784a)–1; Maurienval (787)–1; Compiégne (789)–5, (790)–2; Laon (794)–29, (798)–2; Noyon (802)–2, (804)–1; Soissons (805)– 15; St-Médard (811)–2; Rheims (814)–51, (816)–1; Attigny (817)–1; Chélons-sur-Marne (822)–1; Paris (830)–9, (833)–1; St-Denis (841)–1, (843)–28, (847)–1 ; Meaux (853)–3; Chelles (857)–1, (858)–1; Jouarre (861)–2; Rouen (870)–1, (871)–2, (873)–1. (874)–4, (875)–11, (880)–2; Le Talou (881)–1 Lisieux (885)–1, (886)–2; Bayeux (887)–4; "Curtisassonien" (895)—4, (896)–1; Tours (916)–1; Blois (926)–; Chartres (933)–2, (935)–1. (937)–1; Orléans (948)—5; Troyes (956)–2; Le Mont Lassois (976)–1, (977)-2; Sens (980)–1, (984)–2, (986)–1; Nevers (1007)–1; Chalon-sur-Saéne (1035)–1; Rennes (1045)–1; Melle (1063)–1; Bourges (1071)–2; Clermont (1078)– 1; Roucy-sur-Aisne (1137)–4, (1141)–2, (1143)–11; St-Sebastien (1145)–2; Tongres (1148)–1.

Carloman

Troyes (1195)–1; Auxerre (1197)–3.

Louis II/III

Provins (1254)–1; Arras (1268)–1,

Odo

Rheims (1281)–1.

Charles the Simple

Beauvais (1375)–13, (1376)–1; Rheims (1389)–1.

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles

Verdun (1451)–1, (1458)–1; Bourges (1479)–1.

One additional piece, illegible.

Source: Unpublished.

Remains: 368 pieces in the ANS cabinet.

85. Eichstetten (40–100 pieces). Find: 1844. Deposit: ca. 890?

Charles the Simple

Strassburg (1348).

"Others."

Source: Leitzmann, Numismatische Zeitung (1844), pp. 143f.

Remains: Dispersed.

86. Haute-Isle (14 pieces). Find: ca. 1931. Deposit: ca. 890?

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–9.

Odo

Limoges (1334)–1.

Charles the Simple

Indeterminate (1425)–3.

Source: RN 1931, p. 244.

Remains: Dispersed.

87. Odoorn (? pieces). Find: 1859–1860. Deposit: ca. 890.

Louis the German

Indeterminate (596)–1.

Carles the BaldCoins

Indetminate (1170).

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles

Indeterminate (1526, 1531)–5.

Berengar I or II

XPISTIANA RELICIO-"quelques monnaies."

Guy of Spoleto

XPISTIANA RELICIO-"quelques monnaies."

Two dirhems struck between 846 and 861.

Source: Boeles, op. cit., pp. 71ft.

Remains: A portion of the deposit is preserved in the Royal Cabinet, The Hague.

88. Courbanton I (ca. 1200 pieces). Find: 1830.

The deposit was destroyed without record.

Source: Gariel I, p. 86.

Remains: Dispersed.

89. Courbanton II (ca. 1200 pieces).

Find: 1840. Deposit: ca. 890–900.

Charles the Bald

Valenciennes (730)–1; Noyon (804)–1; Paris (833)–1; Lisieux (886–1; "Curtisassonien" (895)–1; Le Mans (905)–1; Tours (916)–1; Blois (927)–8; (928)–1; Chartres (933)–1; Chateaudun (943)–1; Orléans (948)–5; Auxerre (998)–1; Avallon (1016)–1; Bourges (1071)–1; Indeterminate (1129)–1.

Louis II/III

Tours (1255)–4, (1256)–2; Blois (1258)–1.

Odo

Paris (1283)–1; Angers (1291)–1; Tours (1298)–1, (1299)–13, (1300)–4; Blois (1311)–S, (1319)–1; Chartres (1315)–2; Chateaudun (1317)–1, (1319)– 1, (1320)–1; Orléans (1321)– 1, (1323)–12.

Charles the Simple

Angers (1408)–2.

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles Bourges (1485)-1.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 87ff.

Remains: Dispersed.

90. Courbanton III (659 pieces). Find: 1857. Deposit: 880–900.

Charles the Bald

Palace (624)–1, (629)–6; Cambrai (669)–1; Toul (680)–1; Thérouanne (713)–1; Quentovic (723)–1; Arras (743)-8; St.Quentin (781)–1; Compiégne (78g)–2; Laon (794)–4; Noyon (804)–2; Soissons (805)–4; Rheims (814)–9; Attigny (817)–14; Chélons-sur-Marne (821)–1; Paris (833)–12; St-Denis (840)–9; Meaux (853)–2; Rouen (871)–8; Evreux (882)–1; Bayeux (887)–10; "Curtisassonien" (895)–14; Le Mans (905)–15; Tours (916)–32; Blois (923)–90; Chartres (933)–11; Chateau Landon (943)–2; Orléans (948, 951)–162; Troyes (957)–1; Sens (984)–1; Auxerre (998)–1, (999)—3; Nevers (1003)–1, (1007)–1; Avallon (1016)–4; Dijon (1025)–1; Nantes (1047)–1; Bourges (1071)–4; Clermont (1080)–1; Venice (1109)–2; Indeterminate (1124)–1, (1129)–1.

Louis II/III

Palace (1224)–1; Marsal (1243)–1; Tours (1255)–16; Blois (1258)–2; Troyes (1260)–2.

Odo

Angers (1291)–64; Tours (1295, 1302)–42; Blois (1311)–39; Chartres (1315)–2; Orléans (1321)–4, (1323)–45.

Charles the Simple Angers (1408)–2.

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles

St-Géry (Cambrai) (1445)–1; Bourges (1485)–1.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 91 ff.

Remains: Dispersed.

91. Assen (17 pieces). Find: before 1818. Deposit: ca. 900.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–2, (496)-1.

Lothaire I

Dorestadt (522)-2.

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles

Verdun (1449)-1; Indeterminate (1531)–8.

Louis the Child

Strassburg (1553, 1556)–2.

Source: Boeles, op. cit., pp. 74ft.

Remains: Dispersed.

92. Langres (9+ pieces). Find: 1880. Deposit: ca. 900.

Charles the Bald

Langres (1021)–1.

Charles the Simple

Indeterminate (1438)–7.

Berengar I or II XPISTIANA RELICIO-1.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 131 f.

Remains: Dispersed.

93. Midlum (ca. 201 pieces). Find: 1911. Deposit: ca. 900.

Louis the Child

Strassburg (1552)–200.

Berengar I or II

XPISTIANA RELIGIO–1.

Source: Boeles, op. cit., pp. 531f.

Remains: A portion of the deposit is preserved in the Frisian Museum (Leeuwarden).

94. Pingjum (ca. 680 pieces). Find: 1868. Deposit: ca. 900.

Louis the Child

Strassburg (1550)–ca. 680.

Source: Boeles, op. cit., pp. 56ff.

Remains: A portion of the deposit is preserved in the Frisian Museum (Leeuwarden).

95. Roches-l'Eveque ("un trésor assez considerable").

Find: "some years" before 1838. Deposit: ca. 900.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Charles the Bald

Blois (923, 924); Orléans (948).

Odo

Blois (1311).

Charles the Simple

Indeterminate (1434).

Source: RN 1838, pp. 63f.

Remains: Dispersed.

96. Troyes (Anglure) (1910) (242 denarii, 9 oboli).

Find: ca. 1910. Deposit: ca. 900?

Charles the Bald

St-Pierre (Corbie) (770).

Carloman

Troyes (1195).

Charles the Simple

Metz (1359).

Louis the Child

Namur (1562).

The find has never been adequately described.

Source: The Comte de Castellane, "Le monnoyage de Corbie," RN 1916, pp. 194f; "Le denier messin de Charles le Chauve," RN 1910, p. 194; "A propos d'un denier inédit de Louis le Begue frappé é Namur," Memoires du Congrbs internationale de numismatique (Brussels, 1910), p. 293.

Remains : Dispersed, formerly in the collection of the Comte de Castellane.

97. Ter Apel (? pieces). Find: before 1823. Deposit: after 900.

Louis the Child

Strassburg (1550).

Source: Boeles, op. cit., p. 77.

Remains: Dispersed.

98. Cuerdale (ca. 7000 pieces, 1047+ Carolingian pieces).

Find: 1840. Deposit: ca. 903.

Charles the Bald

Cambrai (671)–1; Bruges (699)–2; Quentovic (716)–1; Arras (744)–4; Laon (794)–2; Noyon (804)–1; Soissons (805)–2; Paris (831)–1; (835)–1, St-Denis (843)–1; Evreux (882)–1; "Curtisassonien" (895)–1; Le Mans (905)–1, (906, 907, 909, 910)– 52; Angers (912)–2; Tours (915)–1; Blois (923)-3; Chartres (935)–2; Orleans (948)–12; Sens (984)–1; Nevers (1007)–1; Nantes (1047)–1; Melle (1061, 1063, 1064)–561; Clermont (1083)–6; Indeterminate (1132)–1.

Carloman

Limoges (1201)-7.

Louis II/III

Namur (1236)–1; Tours (1255)–3.

Odo

Compiégne (1275)–1; Laon (1276)–1; Angers (1291, 1292)–3; Tours (1295, 1296, 1297, 1298)–3; Blois (1309, 1311)–3; Orleans (1323)–1; Limoges (1332, 1333)–119; Toulouse (1336)–7, (1341)–3.

Charles the Simple

Metz (1359)–1; St-Omer (1369)–1; Beauvais (1375)–1; Quen-tovic (1372)–1; Limoges (1421)–4; Indeterminate (1428)–1, (1433)–1,

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles

Metz (1447/8)–2; Nevers (1464, 1470)–2; Bourges (1480)–17; Toulouse (1488)–1..

Louis the Child

Mainz (1546)–1; Wérzburg (1549)–1; Strassburg (1550)–14; Namur (1563)–1.

Hybrid

a) Obv.: +CONSTANTIACIV. Cross with one dot in each comer.

Rev.: XPISTIANAREIICIO. Temple. Broad-flan denarius. One exemplar.

b) Obv.: +BITVRICESCIVIT. Cross.

Rev.: +BITVRICESCIVITA. Cross. Denarius. One exemplar (cf. cat. 1084).

The continental portion of the deposit also contained one coin of Louis the Blind and Benedict IV (Gariel LXIII, 5), and XPISTIANA RELIGIO issues of Bergenar I or II, Guy of Spoleto, and Lambert.

Source: R. H. M. Dolley, ed., Anglo-Saxon Coins (London, 1961), pp. 96–121; MS listing of the find in the Duchy of Lancaster archives (photostat in the Department of Coins and Medals, British Museum) ; G. Galster, "Cuerdale-Fundet og de Danske Vikingekonger i det 9. Arhundrede," Aarbeger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie (1962), offprint, pp. 1–36, with summary in English; Dolley-Morrison, "Finds," pp. 80ff., no. 13.

Remains: Dispersed. Representative pieces of each type are preserved in the British Museum, and other coins identifiable as ex Cuerdale are in the collections mentioned in Dolley–Morrison, "Finds," p. 81.

99. Ilanz I ("mehere Hundert"). Find: 1811. Deposit: ca. 910?

Charles the Bald (or Charles the Simple ?)

Indeterminate (1168).

Carloman

Indeterminate (1219).

Louis the Blind (?)

Type of Louis the Pious, Indeterminate (472).

The deposit also included Pavian and Milanese issues of Berengar I or II, and XPISTIANA RELICIO issues of Lambert of Spoleto. SOURCE: Jecklin, op. cit., pp. 79ff.; ArchJ. 1847, pp. 74f Remains: Dispersed.

100. Freiburg i.B. (ca. 20 pieces).

Find: ca. 1844. Deposit: ca. 920.

Charles the Simple Strassburg (1348).

Source: RBN 1846, p. 79.

Remains: Dispersed.

101. Jouaye–Mondaye (800–900 pieces).

Find: 1870. Deposit: ca. 920.

Charles the Bald

Bayeux (887)–21; "Curtisassonien" (8g5)–700, (8g6)–4; Le Mans (905)–88; Angers (912)–4; Blois (923)–2; Chartres (935)–5, Orléans (948)–12; Chéteaudum (925)–1; Rennes (1046)–1.

Charles the Simple

Paris (1391)–13; St–Denis (1396)–9.

One unstruck flan.

Source: L. Doucet, "Notice sur une découverte faite é Juaye–Mondaye, en 1870, de monnaies carolingiennes," Mimoires de la SociiU d'agriculture, science, arts et belle–lettres de Bayeux , 9 (1879/82), pp. 215–258; J. Lafaurie, "Deux tresors monétaires carolingiens: Saumeray (Eure– et–Loir) Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine)," RN 1965, pp. 262–305 (data vary from those in Doucet's account).

Remains: Dispersed.

102. Rennes (132 denarii, 4 oboli known).

Find: 1964. Deposit: ca. 920.

Charles the Bald

Soissons (805)–1 (806)–1 ; Rheims ? (814 ?)–1; "Curtisassonien" (895)–1; Le Mans (905 var.)–12; Tours (916 var.)–35; Blois (923 var.)–1, (924 var.)–1; Chartres (937)–1, (938)–1; Cha– teaudun (942)–1; Orléans (948 var.)–25, (949)–1; Rennes (1045 var.)–23.

Louis III III {Louis the Child})

Metz (1242)é1.

Odo

Tours (1304 var.)–3; Bourges (1328)–1.

Charles the Simple Toul (1365)–1; Senlis (1370)–1; St–Denis (1396)–1.

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles Nevers (1464)–1; Bourges (1481)–2, (1485)–12, (1486)–3. There were, in addition: 1 coin of William II, Count of Auvergne, from the mint of Brioude, 1 coin of Berengar from the mint of Pavia, and three Anglo–Saxon pennies.

Source: Excellently published in J. Lafaurie, "Deux trésors monétaires carolingiens: Saumeray (Eure-et-Loir) Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine)," RN 1965, pp. 262–305.

Remains : Museum of Rennes.

103. Evreux (ca. 143 pieces). Find: 1869, perhaps same deposit as Evreux (St. Taurin). Deposit: ca. 923–936.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Charles the Bald

Paris (833); Le Mans (905); Angers (912); Tours (917); Blois (923); Chartres (933, 936); Orléans (948).

Odo

Tours (1307); Chateaudun (1317).

Charles the Simple

Rheims (1385, 1386); Paris (1391); Beaugency (1401); Le Mans (1404); Angers (1408).

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles

Bourges (1479).

Rudolf

St-Denis (1586), (1587).

Source: Gariel I, pp. 128ff., repeating A. Longpérier in RN 1869/70, pp. 71–85, but the accounts vary.

Remains: Dispersed.

104. Evreux (St-Taurin) (150 pieces). Find: 1869, perhaps a part of the Evreux find. Deposit: ca. 923–936.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Charles the Bald

Rouen (878); Le Mans (905); Blois (929); Chateaudun (942); Orléans (948).

Charles the Simple

Beaugency (1401); Indeterminate (1434).

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles Bourges (1479).

Louis IV

Rouen (1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1630).

Source: Gariel I, pp. 128ff., repeating A. Longpérier in RN 1869/70, pp. 71–85, but the accounts vary.

Remains: Dispersed.

105. Strassburg-Basel (ca. 30 pieces).

Find: 1858. Deposit: ca. 930.

Denarii of Charles the Simple and Louis IV.

Source: RBN 1860, p. 79.

Remains: Dispersed.

106. Hoard of the Holy Family (170 pieces).

Find: 1950. Deposit: ca. 930.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–5.

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles

Chalon-sur-Saéne (?) (1472)–1; Toulouse (1488)–1.

Garbled

Obv.: imageARIETAN. Cross.

Rev.: +ARELACIVITAS. Karolus monogram. Denarius. One exemplar.

The bulk of the deposit consisted of dirhems.

Source: S. de los Santos Jener, "Monedos carolingias en un tesorillo de dirhems del emirato Cordobos," Numario Hispanico, 5 (1956), pp. 79–87.

Remains: Dispersed. ?

107. Bruéres (ca. 300 pieces). Find: 1904. Deposit: ca. 940.

Charles the Bald [probably Charles the Simple)

Le Mans (905)–1.

Louis IV

Nevers (1634, 1635)–37 denarii.

Lothaire

Bourges (1667, 1670, 1671)–98 denarii, 79 oboli.

Source: RN 1905, p. 506; D. Mater, in Bulletin numismatique et sigillographique, no. 23 (Bourges, 1905) pp. 110–114 (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires du Centre, 28 [1904], pp. 290–294).

Remains: Dispersed.

108. Castel Sarrasin ("un grand nombre de monnaies d'argent"). Find: 1846 (?).

Odo

Toulouse (1341).

Source: Gariel I, pp. 127f.

Remains: Dispersed.

109. Chateauneuf-sur-Cher (800+ pieces).

Find: 1851. Deposit: ca. 940.

Charles the Bald

Auxerre (995)–10; Melle (1057)–266, (1063)–3 ; Bourges (1071)–15.

Odo

Limoges (1332)–10.

Louis IV

Nevers (1633)–24.

Lothaire

Bourges (1672)–264, (1673)–4.

The deposit was adulterated with an admixture of much later feudal pieces, and its exact contents are therefore open to question.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 153f.

Remains: Dispersed.

110. Charabotte (4 pieces). Find: 1950. Deposit: ca. 940.

Louis IV

Lyon (1644)–4.

Source: RN 1950, p. 152; Bulletin de la Société frangaise de numismatique (Feb., 1951), p. 12; (June, 1951), P. 6.

Remains: Dispersed.

111. Coudre (? pieces). Find: before 1869. Deposit: ca. 940.

Charles the Bald (in this context, Charles the Simple)

Chinon (922).

There were also some coins of Louis IV in the deposit, but they are not described.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 133f.

Remains: Dispersed.

112. Rome (520 pieces). Find: after 1920. Deposit: ca. 940.

Charles the Simple

Cologne (1352)–4.

Louis the Child

Cologne (1560)–2.

The deposit also contained two denarii of Rudolf of Burgundy (Pavia); the predominant content was Anglo-Saxon, particularly coins of Edward the Elder (900–924). Miss Mary Anne O'Donovan is preparing a study of the find.

Source: M. A. O'Donovan, "The Vatican Hoard of Anglo-Saxon Pennies," BNJ 1964, pp. 7–29.

Remains: One coin of each ruler is in the British Museum.

113. Terslev (8 pieces). Find: 1911. Deposit: ca. 960?

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–2.

Charles the Bald Quentovic (723)–1

Charles the Simple Cologne (1353).

Louis the Child

Strassburg (1550)–1; Cologne (1559)–1. There were, in addition, one example of Prou 394 (a hybrid), and one XPISTIANA RELIGIO issue of Berengar I/II.

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 113; G. Galster, Coins and History (Copenhagen, 1959), PP–68, 71, 73, 74, 76.

Remains:: Portions of the deposit are preserved in the Royal Cabinet, Copenhagen.

114. Dalen (29 pieces). Find: 1877. Deposit: ca. 960.

Charles the Simple Cologne (1352)–1.

Louis the Child

Strassburg (1550)–2; Cologne (1558)–3, (1559)–7–

Arnulf

"trois deniers frappés é Cologne" (?).

Otto I

Cologne–13 denarii.

Source: Boeles, op. cit., pp. 77ff.

Remains:: Entire deposit preserved in the Provinciaal Museum van Drenthe, Assen.

115. Metz (15 pieces). Find: 1873. Deposit: ca. 960?

Charles the Simple

Metz (1359)–7.

Mule

Obv. : +OTTOREX. Cross.

Rev.: +CRATIAII-IIIX. Karolus monogram. Denarius. Eight exemplars.

Source: Gariel I, p. 157.

Remains:: Dispersed.

116. Fécamp (7,700+ pieces). Find: 1963. Deposit: ca. 977. This extraordinarily large deposit, unearthed as the present book was closed, is presently being closely studied by M. J. Lafaurie, of the Bibliothéque Nationale and, I am informed, it is consequently not available for inspection by other scholars. In a letter to Mr. R. H. M. Dolley, dated 9 January, 1964, M. Lafaurie gave the following interim report of the deposit's contents:

"Nous avons actuellement au Cabinet des Médailles 7,700 piéces, mais il doit en manquer environ 3 é 4.000. Il y a environ:

Rouen: 5.000

Le Mans: 1.240

Quentovic: 500

Le reste est constitué par des deniers d'ateliers divers.

Monnaies anglaises:

Edgard: NAMANNO, 1

Edouard le Martyr: Gunstan—NA, 1

Leofriie—LIMN, 1

Aedelstan—IMEN, 1

Imitations continentales (?) de penny d'Edgard au nom d'Eadmund: 2

Total: 6

Je pense que le trésor a été enfoué vers 980/985."

Happily, we are able to supplement this report, particularly with regard to the dating and to the "ateliers divers." Mr. Dolley, drawing upon his unequalled knowledge of the Anglo-Saxon series, suggests that the English content indicates 977 + or — 2 years as the date of deposit. And M. de Bouard published a helpful analysis of the portion of the find available to him soon after the discovery. (In Annales de Normandie, 13 [1963], pp. 146–148. I am under a heavy obligation to Mr. Dolley and to Mr. Peter Sawyer for providing me with a copy of this report for study.)

M. de Bouard reports that the find was unearthed in two pots, and that, of the original deposit, he had in hand 4,400 pieces for swift perusal. He estimates that perhaps 4/5 of the find were issues of Richard I of Normandy from the mint of Rouen, and that about 10 percent were issues of Richard from Le Mans. He observed no Islamic coins, and he does not mention the Anglo-Saxon pieces reported in M. Lafaurie's letter. He continues: "Puis viennent, beaucoup plus rares, des piéces émise par un grand nombre d'ateliers, a travers le royaume; j'ai noté au passage: Angouléme, Limoges, Melle, Chinon, Chéteaudun, Tours, Orléans, Bourges, Nevers, Mécon, Langres, Arras. II s'agit, dans tous les cas, d'immobilisation d'un type carolingien, conservé par le comte ou le vicomte qui, dans la second moitié du Xe siécle, exploite Tatelier monétaire: Le type remente souvent au monnoyage de Louis IV d'Outremer, parfois é celui de Lothaire, ou d'Eudes, ou méme (dans le cas de Melle) de Charles le Chauve."

We await with great eagerness the publication of this find by M. Lafaurie, and the illumination it is certain to cast upon such dark questions as die linkage between Normandy and England and between Normandy and other parts of France, the metallic content of later Carolingian issues, and the immobilisation of types.

Remains: : Dispersed and partially reassembled for study in the Cabinet des Médailles, Bibliothéque Nationale, Paris.

117. Place Unknown (at least 13 pieces).

Lothaire of France

Bordeaux (1682)–12, (1682a)–1.

Source: E. Caron, Monnaies fiodales frangaises, nos. 220–222; C. Higounet, Bordeaux pendant le haut moyen age (Bordeaux, 1963), p. 233.

Remains:: ?

118. Chartres (? pieces). Deposit: ca. 1000.

Raoul

Chartres (1592,1593); Chateaudun (?) (1594); Orléans (1595); Indeterminate (1613).

Thibaut le Tricheur

2 denarii.

"Others."

Source: Gariel I, pp. 134ff.

Remains:: Dispersed.

119. Liséwek (14 pieces). Deposit: after 1011 ?

Charles the Bald

Not described–1; Bruges (698)–12.

Charles the Simple

Cologne (1352)–:.

Source: T. Kiersnowska, "Monnaies carolingiennes sur les terres slaves," Wiadomosci Numismatyczne (Polish Numismatic News), V (1961. Special issue for Numismatic Congress in Rome, 11–16 September, 1961), p. 96, no. 21

Remains:: ?

120. "Spain" (? pieces). Find: 1869. Deposit: ca. 1066.

There is no adequate record of this deposit. It is said to have consisted principally of Islamic pieces, with an admixture of twenty Carolingian coins representing Charles the Fat (Toulouse, Bourges, and Nevers), Odo (Limoges), Charles the Simple (Melle, denarii and oboli), Lothaire (Quentovic), Raoul (Le Puy ?), and William of Brioude.

Source: Gariel I, p. 136; E. .Caron, Monnaies feodales frangaises (Paris, 1882), pp. 115f.

Remains:: Dispersed.

The following deposits are so imperfectly described that they cannot be placed in approximate chronological order.

121. A deposit of about 1500 pieces unearthed in 1852.

Five hundred of the pieces bore the legend "Curtisasonien," and others were issues of Bourges, Nevers, and St. Nazaire of Autun. One coin was in the name of Carloman (?), and one bore what was understood to be a monogram of Rodulfus.

Source: Charvet in RBN 1870, p. 423.

Remains:: ?

122. A deposit of 1200 pieces containing issues of Bayeaux, Rouen, Evreux, Le Mans, Chartres, Angers, Tours, Orléans, Blois, Laon, Paris, St. Denis, Amiens, Beauvais, St. Quentin, and Soissons.

Source: Charvet, op. cit., p. 424. Charvet here reported that he had purchased the find.

Remains:: ?

123 Rome (? pieces). Find: 1830.

The composition of this find was far from coeval, and, indeed, the following description raises the doubt that a single deposit of this nature ever existed.

"Uno ne fu dissotterrato, se ben mel récordo, nel 1830, forse anche pié récco e copioso di quello di cui ora si ragiona, ma senza dubbio di pié antica data, parciocché nella piccolissima parte di esso che non é statu distrutta, io ho veduti denari di Offa ré della Mercia, dei due Pipini, cioé, e' dell' Aquitania, e di parecchi altri principi, e citté della Francia e dell' Inghilterra, propri dei due secoli nono e decimo, ma fra questi non manca-vano monete pontificie di que' tempi medesimi.,,

Source: Giulio di San Quintino, "Monete del X e del XI Secolo scoperte nei diretorni di Roma nel 1843,* Memoria della Reale Accademia della Scienze di Torino, ser. II, vol. 9/10 (1849), p. 7, as cited in C. E. Blunt and R. H. M. Dolley, "The Anglo-Saxon Coins in the Vatican Library/' British Numismatic Journal, 28 (1958), p. 457, n. 1.

Remains:: ?

124. San Paolo fuori le Mure (ca. 1000 pieces). Find: 1843.

Louis IV

Nevers (1634, 1635)–6.

This deposit was a devotional offering consisting of coins from several kingdoms and from widely separated periods, and consequently it cannot be considered a conventional find. The Carolingian content is a very small part of the total find.

Source: Gariel I, pp. 154f

Remains:: Dispersed.

125. Labeaume (? pieces). Find: 1905.

"Dans la commune de Labeaume, au-dessus de la route de Ruoms é Largentiére (Ardeche), dans une carriére, on a trouvé un grand vase renfermant de nombreux deniers carolingiens."

Source: RN 1905, pp. 406f.

Remains:: ?

126. Poitiers (? pieces). Find: before 1943.

"M. Prieur présente une obole de Louis le Pieux frappée é Toulouse. Cette piéce inédite provient d'une trouvaille faite aux environs de Poitiers." (cf. Catalogue, 419).

Source: RN 1945, p. v.

Remains:: ?

127. Verdun (? pieces).

Verdun (1449–1453).

Source: Prou, catalogue numbers indicated.

Remains:: ?

128. .Holtland (24 pieces). Find: 1891.

Carolingian denarii or Frisian imitations of Louis the pious(469).

Source: P. Berghaus, Wéhrungsgrenzen des westfélischen Oberwesergebietes im Spédtmittelalter (Hamburg, 1952), p. 32.64; P. Berghaus, "Die ostfriesischen Ménzfunde," Friesisches Jahrbuch (1958), p. 47, no. 21.

Remains:: Dispersed.

129. Blétz (1000 + pieces). Find: 1903.

The source indicates only that 1000 denarii (not necessarily Carolingian), were unearthed at Blétz; it gives no further information.

Source: Der Numismatiker (1903), p. 54.

Remains:: Dispersed.

Minor Finds

Deposits of three or fewer Carolingian denarii, or deposits in which Carolingian coins occur only as sports, are considered minor finds. The following list is arranged broadly according to region, within each region, according to the probable chronological order of deposit, or, when that order is completely obscure, according to the arrangement of the catalogue.

France

130. Rhemis (1 piece). Deposit: after 751.

Pippin

Rheims (15)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 64, 152.

Deposit: after 751.

Remains:: Staatliche Ménzsammlung, Berlin.

131. Chartres (i piece). Find: before 1840. Deposit: after 751.

Pippin

Chartres (17)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 62, 151.

Remains:: Staatliche Ménzsammlung, Berlin (?).

132. "Loire-Inférieure" (1 piece). Deposit: after 751.

Pippin

St. Martin (Tours) (20)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 66, 152.

Remains:: ?

133. Verdun (1 piece). Find: 1876. Deposit: after 751.

Pippin

Indeterminate (52)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 63, 151.

Remains: : Staatliche Ménzsammlung, Berlin.

134. .Josselin (1 piece). Deposit: after 751.

Pippin

Indeterminate (41)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 64, 152.

Remains:: ?

135. Lyon I (1 piece). Deposit: after 751.

Pippin

Indeterminate (61)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 63, 151.

Remains: : Staatliche Ménzsammlung, Berlin.

136. Lyon II (1 piece). Find: ca. 1846. Deposit: after 751.

Carloman

Lyon (87)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 69, 153.

Remains:: ?

Chéteau de Bréaux-sous-Nappe (1 piece). Deposit: after 751.

Find: 1879.

Charlemagne

Indeterminate (266)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 101, 180.

Remains:: ?

138. Tours (1 piece). Find: 1860. Deposit: after 751.

Charlemagne

Indeterminate (271)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 102, 180.

Remains:: ?

139. Tournai (1 piece). Find: before 1857. Deposit: after 790.

Charlemagne

Indeterminate (311)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 113, 188.

Remains:: ?

140. St-Quentin (1 piece). Find: before 1892. Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Trier (344).

Source: Bulletin de numismatique et d'archéologie, II (1892/3), pp. 169L

Remains:: ?

141. La Chaussée (1 piece). Find: 1886 (?). Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (474).

Source: Bulletin numismatique, 13 (Mémoires de la Socété des Antiquaires du Centre, 14 [1887], pp. 333 f.).

Remains:: ?

142. Ordonnac (1 piece). Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

"Piéce d'or de Louis le Pieux" (511 or imitation?).

Source: F. Jouannet, Statistique du dSpartement de la Gironde, II (Paris, 1839), p. 183; C. Higounet, Bordeaux pendant le haut moyen age (Bordeaux, 1963), p. 318.

Remains:: ?

143. St-Vincent-sur-Craon (1 piece). Deposit: after 814.

Find: ca. 1882.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (515).

Source: Bulletin mensuel de numismatique et d' archéology, 2 (1882/3), p. 91.

Remains:: ?

144. Saint-Pétronille-de-Gironde (near Réole) (1 piece?)

Find: 1886. Deposit: ca. 840?

Pippin I/II

Toulous (616?)

Source: C.-L. Grellet-Balguerie, Bulletin de la Société des Antiquaires de France (1887), p. 205.

Remains: : ?

145. Saint-Emilion I (? pieces) Deposit: ca. 840?

Jouannet: "Quelques tiers de sous d'or de Pépin."

Higounet: "II s'agit dans doute de deniers de Pépin d'Aquitaine, en argent."

The coins may well have been gilded.

Source: F. Jouannet, Statistique du département de la Gironde, I (Paris, 1839), p. 259; C. Higounet, Bordeaux pendant le haut moyen age (Bordeaux, 1963), p. 319.

Remains:: ?

146. Bourges (3 pieces ?). Find: 1887 (?). Deposit: ca. 840?

Charles the Bald

Bourges (1069)–3.

Source: Bulletin numismatique, 13 (Mémoires de la Socété des Antiquaires du Centre, 14 [1887], pp. 329–333).

Remains:: ?

147. Toulouse (1 piece). Find: ca. 1883. Deposit: ca. 840?

Charles the Bald

Toulouse (1100).

Source: Bulletin mensuel de numismatique et d'archéologie, 3 (1883/4), p.33.

Remains:: ?

148. A1ésia (1 piece). Find: 1915. Deposit: after 864.

Charles the Bald

Besanéon (1040)–1.

Source: Bulletin de la Societi nationale des Antiquaires de France, 75 (1915), p. 213; RN 1916, p. 303.

Remains:: ?

149. Bourges (1 piece). Find: 1931. Deposit: ca. 880.

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles

Bourges (1479).

Source: Mémoires de la Société historique, litteraire et scientifique du Cher, ser. IV, vol. 38 (1932), p. 126.

Remains:: ?

150. La Réole VI(30 pieces). Deposit: early nth century.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–1; Angouléme, type immobilise (?)–2.

William of Aquitaine (?)

27 denarii.

Source: RN 1842, p. 363; C. Higounet, Bordeaux pendant le haut moyen age (Bordeaux, 1963), p. 319.

Remains:: ?

GERMANY

151. Trier I (1 piece). Deposit: after 751.

Pippin

Trier (3)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 66, 152.

Remains: : Landesmuseum Trier.

152. Trier III (1 piece). Find: 1855. Deposit: after 751.

Pippin

Trier (6)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 67, 153.

Remains: : Landesmuseum Trier.

153. Trier II (1 piece). Deposit: after 751.

Pippin

Trier (7)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 67, 153.

Remains:: ?

154. Bonn (1 piece). Find: 1929/30?. Deposit: after 751.

Pippin

Indeterminate (40)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 61, 150.

Remains:: Landesmuseum Bonn.

155. Bonn (1 piece). Find: 1929/30? Deposit: after 751.

Pippin

Indeterminate (42)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 61, 150.

Remains:: Landesmuseum Bonn.

156. Bonn (1 piece). Find: 1929/30? Deposit: after 751.

Charlemagne

Indeterminate (226)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 61, 150.

Remains:: Landesmuseum Bonn.

157. Erdmannhausen (1 piece). Deposit: after 751.

Find: 1920/21.

Charlemagne

Indeterminate (262)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 100, 179.

Remains:: Landesmuseum Wérttemberg.

158. Lorsch (1 piece). Find: 1932/33. Deposit: after 751.

Charlemagne

Indeterminate (265)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 98, 179.

Remains:: ?

159. Trier IV (1 piece). Deposit: after 751.

Charlemagne

Indeterminate (294)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 102, 181.

Remains:: Staatliche Ménzsammlung, Berlin.

160. Lorenzberg bei Epfach (1 piece). Deposit: after 751.

Find: 1957.

Carloman

Indeterminate (85). SOURCE and

Source and Remains:: Holdings of the Préhistorische Sammlung, Ménchen. Vélckers, pp. 69, 153.

161. Haitabu (2 pieces). Find: 1907.

Charlemagne

Dorestadt (or Dorestadt imitations) (99)–2.

Source: Jahrbuch der Frankfurter Numismatischen Gesellschaft, 1924, p. 31.

Remains:: ?

162. Haitabu (1 piece).

Charlemagne

Dorestadt (or Dorestadt imitation) (99)–1.

Source: Jahrbuch der Frank furter Numismatischen Gesellschaft, 1925, p. 31.

Remains:: ?

163. Prerow-Darss (72 pieces, including fragments). Find: 1873.

Charlemagne

Dorestadt (or Dorestadt imitation) (99)–1.

Bulk of the deposit, Islamic silver.

Source: V. Jammer, Die Anfénge der Ménzprégungen im Herzogtum Sachsen (Hamburg, 1952), p. 27, n. 49; Vélckers, pp. 91, 179.

Remains:: Dispersed.

164. Trier V (1 piece). Find: before 1863. Deposit: after 761. Charlemagne

Trier (114)–1.

Source: Menadier, Deutsche Ménzen , II, p. 38; Vélckers, pp. 103, 181.

Remains:: ?

165. Leer (2 pieces). Find: 1914.

The two pieces were found separately.

Charlemagne

Arles (cf. cat. 195); Cologne (106).

Source: Jammer, op. cit., pp. 24f., n. 30. Vélckers, pp. 111, 187.

Remains:: The Arles coin has been lost; the other piece is in the Landesmuseum, Ménster.

166. Mainz (St. Alban) (1 piece). Deposit: after 790.

Find: 1907.

Charlemagne

Pavia (207).

Source: P. Franke, Fundménzen , IV, i, 1157, no. 905 (p. 296); Vélckers, pp. 112, 188.

Remains:: ?

167. Burgheim (1 piece). Find: 1949. Deposit: after 790.

Charlemagne

Milan (212).

Source: Germania, 29 (1951), p. 140; Vélckers, pp. 112, 188.

Remains: : ?

168. Eysélden (1 piece). Find: 1765 or 1769.

Charlemagne

? (cf. cat. 308).

Source: Mitt. a. d. German. Nat. Museum (1911), p. 191; Vélckers, pp. 112, 188.

Remains:: ?

169. Speyer (1 piece). Find: 1861.

Charlemagne

Indeterminate (262).

Source and Remains:: Germanisches Museum Nérnberg; Vélckers, pp. 102, 180.

170. Marsum (1 piece).

Charlemagne

?

Source: G. Hatz, Die Anfénge des Ménzwesens in Holstein (Hamburg, 1952), p. 192.

Remains:: ?

171. Kolmar (2 denarii). Find: ca. 1844.

Charlemagne

? (cf. cat. 96).

Source: Numismatische Zeitung (1844), p. 144; Vélckers, pp. 103, 181.

Remains:: ?

172. Bébingen (1 piece). Find: 1913. Deposit: ca. 800.

Charlemagne

Melle (172).

Source and Remains:: Historisches Museum Speyer; Vélckers, pp. 116, 191.

173. Regensburg (2 pieces). Find: 1868. Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Regensburg (323); Venice (456).

Source: Blétter fér Ménzfreunde (1880), Col. 736.

Remains:: ?

174. Hollingstedt (1 piece). Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Strassburg (326 ?).

Source: Hatz, op. cit., chart 3, no. 6.

Remains:: ?

175. Bonn (1 piece). Find: 1929/30? Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Dorestadt (333)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 61, 150.

Remains:: Landesmuseum Bonn.

176. Worms (3 pieces). Deposit: see comment below.

Charlemagne

Dorestadt (99)–1.

Louis the Pious

Dorestadt (332)–1; Indeterminate (472)–1.

The miscellaneous nature of this "deposit" suggests very strongly that the coins represent a conflation of two finds, or a chance combination of three loose coins.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 101, 180.

Remains:: Stédtisches Museum, Worms.

177. Boppard (1 piece). Find: 1915. Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Venice (456).

Source: Blétter fér Ménzfreunde (1916), p. 13.

Remains:: ?

178. Neuménster-Grotenkamp (1 piece).

Find: 1954. Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Venice (456).

Source: G. Hatz, "Zwei karolingische Ménzen aus der séhsischen Siedlung Neuménster-Grotenkamp," Hamburger Beitrége zur Numismatik, 15 (1961), pp. 53 f.

Remains:: Schleswig-Holsteinisches Landesmuseum fér Vor-und Fréhgeschichte.

179. Aachen (1 piece). Find: 1929. Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Source: Zeitschrift des Aachener Geschichtlichen Vereins (1929), p. 420.

Remains:: ?

180. Epfach (1 piece). Find: 1831. Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Source: Jahrbuch des Oberdonaukreises Augsburg

(1835), pp. 62/3.

Remains:: ?

181. Frankfurt a. M. (1 piece). Find: 1857. Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Source and Remains:: Historisches Museum Frankfurt.

182. Fulda (1 piece). Find: 1941. Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Source: J. Vonderau, "Die Ausgrabungen am Domplatz in Fulda, 1941," XXVI. Veréffentlichung Fulda (1946), p. 23.

Remains:: ?

183. Haitabu (1 piece). Find: before 1924. Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Source: Jahrbuch der Frankfurter Numismatischen Gesellschaft (1924), p. 31.

Remains:: ?

184. Hohenaltheim (1 piece). Find: 1835. Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Source: Jahrbuch des Oberdonaukreises Augsburg (1835), pp. 62/3.

Remains:: ?

185. Hornburg (1 piece). Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472). SOURCE and

Remains:: Historisches Museum Speyer.

186. Korvey (1 piece). Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Source: Berghaus, op. cit., p. 32. 64.

Remains:: ?

187. Mayen (1 piece). Find: 1919. Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Source and Remains:: Landesmuseum Bonn.

188. Ramelsloh (1 piece). Find: 1959. Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Source: H. H. Vélckers, "Fund eines karolingischen Denars in Ramelsloh," Hamburger Beitrége zur Numismatik, 8 (1958), pp. 84ff.

Remains:: Helms-Museum, Ramelsloh.

189. Speyer (1 piece). Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Source and Remains:: Historisches Museum Speyer.

190. Stade ("mehrere" pieces). Find: 1717. Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Source: Jammer, op. cit., p. 60.

Remains:: ?

191. Trier (1 piece?). Find: 1852. Deposit: after 817.

Lothaire I

Trier (546).

Source: Jahrbuchev der Gesellschaft fér nétzliche Forschungen Trier (1853). p. 72.

Remains:: Landesmuseum Trier.

192. Trier (1 piece?). Find: 1761. Deposit: after 817.

Lothaire I

Trier (546).

Source: Files of the Numismatische Kommission der Lénder in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Hamburg.

Remains:: Landesmuseum Trier.

193. Ostro (1 piece). Find: 1925. Deposit: after 817.

Louis the German

Mainz (594).

Source: Files of the Numismatische Kommission der Lénder in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Hamburg.

Remains:: ?

194. Rahlingen (1 piece). Find: 1859. Deposit: ca. 830.

Charles the Bald Orléans (945).

Source: A. Namur, "Notice sur une monnaie carlovingienne," RBN 1860, pp. 66–75.

Remains:: ?

195. Oberbillig (1 piece). Find: 1942. Deposit: ca. 890.

Arnulf

Indeterminate (1540?).

Source and Remains:: Landesmuseum Trier.

196. Regensburg (1 piece). Find: 1935. Deposit: ca. 890.

Arnulf

Indeterminate (1540).

Source and Remains:: Museum Regensburg.

197. Neuménster-Grotenkamp (1 piece). Deposit: ca. 900.

Find: 1956.

Louis the Child

Mainz (1546).

Source: G. Hatz, "Zwei karolingische Ménzen aus der séchsischen Sied-lung Neuménster-Grotenkamp," Hamburger Beitrage zur Numismatik, 15 (1961), pp. 53 ff.

Remains:: Schleswig-Holsteinisches Landesmuseum fér Vor-und Fréhgeschichte.

198. Hollingstedt (1 piece). Deposit: ca. 900.

Louis the Child

Strassburg (1550).

Source: Hatz, op. cit., list for Table 3.

Remains:: ?

199. Urach (1 piece). Find: 1956. Deposit: ca. 900.

Louis the Child

Strassburg (1550).

Source: Numismatisches Nachrichtenblatt (1956), p. 93.

Remains:: ?

200. Emden (1 piece). Find: 1953. Deposit: ca. 900.

Louis the Child

Cologne (1558).

Source: Hévernick 21. P. Berghaus, "Die ostfriesischen Ménzfunde," Friesisches Jahrbuch (1958), pp. 47f., no. 25.

Remains:: Ostfriesisches Landesmuseum, Emden.

201. Ménster (1 piece). Find: 1953. Deposit: ca. 900.

Louis the Child

Cologne (1559).

Source: Numismatisches Nachrichtenblatt (1953), p. 117.

Remains:: ?

202. Schwenningen (1 piece). Find: 1927. Deposit: ca. 900.

Louis the Child

Strassburg (1559).

Source: Files of the Numismatische Kommission der Lénder in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Hamburg.

Remains:: ?

203. Bonn (1 piece). Find: 1929/30. Deposit: after 900.

200. Louis the Child

Cologne (1560)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 61, 151.

Remains:: Landesmuseum Bonn.

204. Zabern (2 1/2 pieces). Find: 1913. Deposit: ca. 900.

Louis the Child

Toul (1567).

Source: Blétter fér Ménzfreunde (1914), Col. 5506.

Remains:: ?

205. Neuhaus (3 pieces). Find: 1902. Deposit: ca. 920.

Louis the Child

Strassburg (1550)–1; Cologne (1559)–2.

Bulk of the deposit, Islamic silver.

Source: Nébbe, Nordelbingen, vol. 2 (1923), pp. 279f; Hévernick, Kéln,

I, p. 19; Hatz, Beginn des Ménzwesens in Holstein.

Remains:: ?

206. Trebenow (146 pieces). Find: 1876. Deposit: ca. 955.

Charles the Simple

Cologne (1352 ?)–1.

Bulk of the deposit, Islamic silver.

Source: Jammer, op. cit., p. 163, no. 406.

Remains:: ?

207. Paretz (45 pieces intact and several hundred fragments).

Find: 1882. Deposit: ca. 970.

Odo

Limoges (or Limoges imitation) (1332)–1.

The deposit consisted largely of Islamic silver, with an admixture of German feudal and royal, Anglo-Saxon, papal, and Italian coins.

Source: J. Friedlénder, Zeitschrift fér Numismatik, 9 (1882), pp. 289–295.

Remains:: ?

208. Posenschen (100+ pieces). Find: ca. 1845.

The deposit consisted of coins of Arnulf and, preponderantly, of German feudal, Islamic, Byzantine, and Norman princes. No other particulars are known.

Source: Zeitschrift fér Ménz-, Siegel-und Wappenkunde, 6 (1846), p. 231.

Remains:: ?

209. Regensburg (? pieces). Find: 1901.

The deposit contained coins of a King Louis.

Source: Verhandlungen des historischen Vereins von Oberpfalz und Regensburg (1901), p. 346.

Remains:: ?

210. Stolpe ("8 pounds"). Find: ca. 1847. Deposit: ca. 1000.

Charles the Simple

Cologne (1352).

Louis the Child

Cologne (1550).

Found in context of Cufic, German, Anglo-Saxon, and Byzantine coins of the later tenth century.

Source: H. Dannenberg, "Der Ménzfund von Stolpe," Mémoires de la Société impériale d'archéologie (St-Petersbourg) , II (1848), p. 99.

Remains:: ?

POLAND

211. Trzebianowo (1 piece). Deposit: after 955?

Charles the Simple

Cologne (1352)–1.

Source: T. Kiersnowska, "Monnaies carolingiennes sur les terres slaves," Wiadomosci Numismatyczne (Polish Numismatic News), V (1961), p. 96, no. 10. (Special issue for Numismatic Congress in Rome, 11–16 Sept. 1961).

Remains:: ?

212. Obrzycko (1 piece). Deposit: after 973?

Lothaire of France

Rheims (1660)–1.

Source: Kiersnowska, op. cit., p. 96, no. 22. This find is to be distinguished from the deposit of coins of Berengar II, of Italy, also unearthed at Obrzycko. On this second deposit, see B. de Koehne, "Der Fund von Tureff," Mémoires de la Société impériale d'archéologie (St-Petersbourg), 5 (1851), p. 246f.

Remains:: ?

213. Slupsk (2 pieces). Deposit: after 991?

Charles the Simple

Cologne (1352)–1.

Louis the Child

Cologne (1556)–1.

Source: Kiersnowska, op. cit., p. 96, no. 15.

Remains:: ?

214. Polczyn-Zdroje (1 piece). Deposit: after 996?

Charles the Simple

Metz (1358)–1.

Source: Kiersnowska, op. cit., p. 96, no. 14.

Remains:: ?

215. Ostro (1 piece). Deposit: ca. 1000?

Louis the German

Mainz (594)–1.

Source: Kiersnowska, op. cit., p. 96, no. 7.

Remains:: ?

216. Oranienburg (1 piece). Deposit: after 1002?

Louis the Child

Cologne (1556)–1.

Source: Kiersnowska, op. cit., p. 95, no. 5.

Remains:: ?

217. Dargocice (1 piece). Deposit: after 1011?

Louis the Pious

Paris (361)–1.

Source: Kiersnowska, op. cit., p. 96, no. 13.

Remains:: ?

218. Kamien Pomorski (1 piece).

Charles the Bald

Troyes (954, but reported as obol)–1.

Source: Kiersnowska, op. cit., p. 96, no. 9.

Remains:: ?

219. Starydworek (4 pieces). Deposit: after 1016?

Louis II

Indeterminate (1182 ?)–2.

Not described–2.

Source: Kiersnowska, op. cit., p. 96, no. 23.

Remains:: ?

220. Kowal (2 pieces). Deposit: after 1018?

Louis the Child

Not described–1.

Louis IV

Langres (1636)–1.

Source: Kiersnowska, op. cit., p. 98, no. 28.

Remains:: ?

221. Bierzglowo (1 piece). Deposit: after 1024?

Louis IV

Langres (1636)–1.

Source: Kiersnowska, op. cit., p. 98, no. 26.

Remains:: ?

222. Mgowo (1 piece). Deposit: after 1034 ?

Louis the Child

Cologne (1556)–1.

Source: Kiersnowska, op. cit., p. 98, no. 27.

Remains:: ?

223. "Pommerania" (2 pieces). Deposit: after 1055?

Louis the Pious

Verdun (347)–1.

Indeterminate–1.

Source: Kiersnowska, op. cit., p. 96 no. 20.

Remains:: ?

224. Thurow (1 piece). Deposit: after 1057?

Louis IV

Langres (1636)–1.

Source: Kiersnowska, op. cit., p. 95, no. 4.

Remains:: ?

225. Plonsk (2 pieces). Deposit: after 1065?

Charles the Simple

Cologne (1352)–1.

Louis the Child

Cologne (1556)–1.

Source: Kiersnowska, op. cit., p. 98, no. 30.

Remains:: ?

On the finds of Prerow-Darss, Paretz, and Neuhaus (Dransau), see above nos. 163, 207, and 205. Kiersnowska, op. cit., p. 95, nos. 1, 3; p. 96, no. 6. Mme. Kiersnowska also inventories the following deposits, for which it is only-recorded that Carolingian coins (of unspecified types) were discovered (pp. 95 ff.):

Schwaan (no. 2), Uznam (no. 8—recorded as Charlemagne or Charles the Bald), Widuchowa (no. 11—recorded as Charles the Bald), Gralewo (no. 12—recorded as Charles the Simple), Plocko (no. 16), Dabrowa (no. 17), Gdarisk-Orunia (no. 18—recorded as a "ghost" piece, Louis the Child, Anvers), Mierzeszyn (no. 19, recorded as Orléans), Kérnik (no. 24), Olobok (no. 25— recorded as Cologne), Cuyavie (no. 29—recorded as an issue of Louis the Pious), Goszczyn-Sierpéw (no. 31—recorded as issues of Louis the Pious and Charles the Fat), Kowale (no. 32), Bystrzyca (no. 33—recorded as Orléans and a coin with a Carolingian monogram).

BELGIUM

226. Liége (1 piece). Deposit: after 751.

Pippin

Indeterminate (40)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 61, 151.

Remains:: Cabinet des Medailles, Brussels.

227. Brussels {1 piece). Deposit: after 751.

Pippin

Indeterminate (75)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 65, 152.

Remains:: Staatliche Ménzsammlung, Berlin

THE NETHERLANDS

228. Domburg — Dorestadt

Vélckers has inventoried 162 single finds made at Domburg, and 203 single finds at Dorestadt; and, since it would exceed the proper limits of the present work to reproduce his lists, we refer the student to the relevant sections of Karolingische Ménzfunde: pp. 44, 128; 51, 137.

229. Sneek (1 piece). Deposit: after 751.

Charlemagne

Indeterminate (226)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 103, 181.

Remains:: Frisian Museum.

230. Middelstum (1 piece). Find: 1883. Deposit: after 751.

Charlemagne

Indeterminate (244)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 101, 179.

Remains:: Groningen Museum.

231. Schowen

In the years ca. 1900–1925, the following coins were collected, with numerous Roman issues, by a resident of the island of Schowen, and presumably they were found on that island. It is not known whether single finds account for all of them, or whether some derive from larger deposits.

Charlemagne

Dorestadt (99)–1, (100)–1; Bonn (107)–1; Toulouse (181)–1; Narbonne (185)–1; Arles (197)–1; Pavia (207)–1; Indeterminate (262)–1.

Louis the Pious

Strassburg (326)–1; Dorestadt (332)–1; Venice (456)–1, (457)–1; Indeterminate (472)–1, (473)–1.

Lothaire I Dorestadt (530)-1.

Pippin I/II

Melle (606)–1.

Charles the Bald

Laon (792)–1; Noyon (802)–1; Melle (1060)–1.

Louis the Child Wérzburg (1549)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 70, 153.

Remains:: ?

NORWAY

232. Moksnes (1 piece). Find: 1838. Deposit: after 800.

Charlemagne

Indeterminate (314).

Source: K. Skaare, "Et myntfunn fra Kaupang," Fra Kaupang-Grauningen (Stockholm 1958/9), p. 112; H. Holst, "Uten- og innenlandske mynter i norske funn, nedlagt for 1100," Numismatisk érsskrift (1943), p. 96.

Remains:: ?

233. Séndre Véje (1 piece). Find: 1900. Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (515)–1.

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 111; Holst, "Uten-og innenlandske mynter," p. 76.

Remains:: ?

234. Kaupang (2 pieces). Find: 1958.

Deposit: ca. 850?

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–1.

Found with a penny of Coenwulf of Mercia (d. 822).

Source: Skaare, op. cit., pp. 106ff.

Remains:: ?

235. Spangereid (I genuine piece, 4 imitations).

Find: 1879. Deposit: after 850?

Charlemagne

Dorestadt (99)–4.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–1.

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 111; Foreningen til norske fortidsminnesmerkers bevaring (Arsberetning, 1879), p. 43.

Remains:: ?

236. Jaeren (2 or 3 pieces). Find: 1856 (1876?) Deposit: ca. 850. Louis the Pious

Rheims (359).

Charles the Bald

Le Mans (905)-possibly a separate find at Jaeren; Melle (1063).

Source: Skaare, op. cit., pp. inf.; Holst, "Unten- og innenlandske mynter," p. 80; N. L. Rasmusson, "Kring de vésterléndska mynten i Birka," Frén Stenélder till Rokoko (Festschrift Otto Rydbeck) (Stockholm, 1937), p. 121; Vélckers, pp. 117, 191 [Jaederen].

Remains:: ?

237. Séndre Bé (6 scattered pieces).

Find: 1875. Deposit: after 850?

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Charles the Bald

Melle (1063?).

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. in; Holst, "Unten- og innenlandske mynter," p. 69; Vélckers, pp. 117, 191.

Remains:: Universitetets Oldsakssamling, Oslo.

232. Hon (38 pieces). Find: 1834. Deposit: ca. 850.

Louis the Pious

Arles (gold cast of a denarius) (435)–1; Indeterminate (515, imitations)-2.

Lothaire I

Indeterminate (566)–1.

Pippin I/II

Aquitaine (597)–1.

The bulk of the deposit consisted of Cufic pieces (dated 774/5–849), and there were also four Byzantine coins (between 364 and 852) and one piece of Archbishop Wulfred of Canterbury (805–832).

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. in; Holst, op. cit., p. 69; H. Holst, "On the Coins of the Hon-Find," Minor Publications of the Norwegian Numismatic Society, 4, (1931), pp. 2–4.

Remains:: ?

239. Lyslo (1 piece). Find: before 1824. Deposit: after 850? Charles the Bald

Melle (1063).

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 112; Holst, "Unten- og innenlandske mynter," p. 88; O. Rygh, Om den yngre Jernalder i Norge (Aarb, 1877), pp. 102ff.; Vélckers, pp. 117, 192.

Remains:: ?

240. Kaldal (? pieces). Find: 1848. Deposit: ca. 1005. Two denarii, considered imitations of coins of Charles the Bald and/or Charles the Fat were found in a context of Cufic, Anglo-Saxon, and German coins. The Mémoires of the St. Petersburg Academy describe them as follows:

1. Obv.: +I***KAMERACVSC. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +SCIGAVGERICIMON. Cross. Denarius.

2. Obv.: +CDACIADIRE X. Karolus monogram.

Rev.: +TRECASCIVIS. Cross. Denarius.

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 112; Holst, "Unten- og innenlandske mynter," p. 96; H. Holst, "Pengefunnet fra Kaldal," Nordisk Numismatisk Arsskrift (1955), pp. 93ff.; Mémoires de la Société Impériale d'Archéologie (St-Petersbourg), 4 (1850), p. 369.

Remains:: ?

241. Arstad (? pieces). Find: 1836. Deposit: ca. 1030.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

This piece was found together with a coin imitating the Karolus monogram, and with a mixture of other continental, Swedish, Danish, and Anglo-Saxon coins.

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. in; Holst, "Utenog innenlandske mynter," p. 60.

Remains:: ?

242. Breholt (1 piece). Find: 1827 (1867?). Deposit: ca. 1050?

Louis the Child.

? (denarius).

Source: Holst, "Unten- og innenlandske mynter," p. 69.

Remains:: ?

DENMARK

243. Alstad (1 piece). Find: before 1850. Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Dorestadt (330).

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 114; G. Galster, Coins and History (Copenhagen, 1959), P–67.

Remains:: ?

244. Hedeby (1 piece). Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Dorestadt (330).

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 114; Galster, op. cit., p. 67.

Remains:: ?

245. Morsen (1 piece). Find: 1943. Deposit: after 850.

Charles the Bald

Indeterminate (1157).

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 114; Galster, op. cit., p. 72.

Remains:: ?

246. Lerchenborg (? pieces). Find: 1889. Deposit: ca. 900.

Charlemagne

Dorestadt (imitation) (99).

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Found with two Cufic coins and other silver ornaments.

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 113; Galster, op. cit., p. 68.

Remains:: ?

247. Rudkjébing {1 piece?). Find: 1809. Deposit: ca. 900?

Louis the Child

Cologne (1561).

Source: Galster, op. cit., pp. 72f.

Remains:: ?

248. Jynevad (? pieces). Find: 1863. Deposit: ca. 955.

Louis the Child

Strassburg (1550)–2.

Louis IV

Chinon (1631).

Found in context of Islamic and Italian coins.

Source: Galster, op. cit., pp. 73f., 76, and passim; Rasmusson, op. cit., pp. 124f; R. H. M. Dolley, "The Post-Brunanburgh Viking Coinage of York," Numismatik érsskrift (1957/8), p. 33.

Remains:: ?

249. Aggersborg (1 piece). Find: 1949. Deposit: ca. 1000.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 113; Galster, op. cit., pp. 70f

Remains:: ?

250. Kulhusgarden (? pieces). Find: 1863. Deposit: ca. 1000.

Charles the Bald

Bruges (699).

Found in context of German and Anglo-Saxon coins.

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 113; Galster, op. cit., p. 71.

Remains:: ?

251. Iholm (? pieces). Find: 1853. Deposit: ca. 1010.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Found in a context of Cufic, Anglo-Saxon, German, and Swedish coins.

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 113; Galster, op. cit., pp. 69f.

Remains:: ?

252. Munkegérd (? pieces). Find: 1864. Deposit: ca. 1010.

Charles the Simple

Cologne (1354).

Source: Skaare, op. cit., pp. 113f.; Galster, op. cit., p. 75.

Remains: : ?

253. Tolstrup (? pieces). Find: 1895. Deposit: ca. 1010.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Charles the Simple

Cologne (1353).

Found in context of German pieces.

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 113; Galster, op. cit., pp. 69, 74L

Remains:: ?

254. Store Valby (? pieces). Find: 1839. Deposit: ca. 1050.

Charles the Simple

Trier (1357).

Found in context of Cufic, German, Anglo-Saxon, Danish, and Hungarian coins.

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 113.

Remains:: ?

255. Stolpehuse (? pieces). Find: 1837. Deposit: ca. 1060.

Charles the Bald

Melle (1063).

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 113; Galster, op. cit., p. 71 f.

Remains:: ?

The finds of Over Randlev and Graagaarde contained Italian coins of the tenth century, but no Carolingian pieces. On these deposits, see Skaare, op. cit., p. 113, and Galster, op. cit., pp. 76, 77.

SWEDEN

256. Birka (1 piece). Deposit: after 814.

Charlemagne

Indeterminate (318).

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 112; Rasmusson, op. cit., p. 118.

Remains:: ?

257. Birka (4 pieces, found in four graves). Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 112; Rasmusson, op. cit., p. 118.

Remains:: ?

258. Rimforsa (2 pieces). Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 112; Rasmusson, op. cit., p. 120.

Remains:: ?

259. Salum (2 pieces). Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 112; Rasmusson, op. cit., p. 120.

Remains:: ?

260. éland (1 piece). Deposit: after 814.

Charles the Bald

"Curtisassonien" (895).

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 113.

Remains:: ?

261. Birka (1 piece). Deposit: after 864.

Charles the Bald

Indeterminate (1157).

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 112; Rasmusson, op. cit., p. 118.

Remains:: ?

262. Sigters (? pieces).

The deposit contained two pieces of Charles the Simple (?) with the immobilised GRATIA D-I REX type (not further described) in a context of Cufic, German, and Anglo-Saxon coins, with one Haitabu half-bracteate.

Source: Skaare, op. cit., p. 112; Rasmusson, in the Nordsk Numismatisk Arsskrift (1957/8), p. 265.

Remains:: ?

263. Vejrméllebanken (? pieces). Find: 1807.

Nothing is known of this deposit from contemporary accounts except that it included four dirhems and pieces of silver; it is also alleged to have contained a denarius of Pippin. Ernst and Vélckers suppose the Carolingian piece to have been a variant of our cat. 25, and they believe that a coin of this type, in the Danish National Collection since 1868, is the actual find piece. This supposition, however, is not consonant with other northern deposits containing Islamic coins, Although some of these likewise contain stray coins of Pippin I/II, none include issues of the earlier Pippin, and we therefore register the attribution with a strong caveat.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 68, 153.

Remains:: ?

FINLAND

264. Nousiainen (1695 pieces). Deposit: ca. 1040.

1. Obv.: ΛOL—RIDX. Type not specified.

Rev.: [M]ONIOCNCIA. Type not specified. Probably not Carolingian.

2. Obv.: HIVDOVVICVS. Type not specified.

Rev.: ANCONISCVCIT. Type not specified. Probably not Carolingian.

Source: Rasmusson, "Kring," p. 126; cf. de Koehe, "éber die im Russischen Reiche gefundenen abendléndischen Ménzen des X., XI., und XII. Jahrhunderts," Mémoires de la Socété d*archéologie et de numismatique (St-Petersbourg), 7 (1849), p. 370, no. 14; communication from Professor Berghaus.

Remains:: ?

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND

265. St. Albans (2 coins). Find: before 1851. Deposit: ca. 790.

Charlemagne

Dorestadt (99).

Found with a penny of Off a.

Source: R. H. M. Dolley and D. M. Metcalf, "Two Stray Finds From St. Albans of Coins of Offa and of Charlemagne," British Numismatic Journal, 28 (1958), p. 463.

Remains:: ?

266. Lewes (Sussex) (1 piece). Find: 1884. Deposit: after 814.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (515-imitation).

Source: Evans, op. cit., pp. 260f.

Remains: : British Museum.

267. Gower (3 pieces). Find: 1948. Deposit: ca. 840.

Lothaire I

Pavia (556)–1.

Charles the Bald

Melle (1063)-i.

Found with one Anglo-Saxon coin.

Source: Thompson, op. cit., no. 305; Dolley-Morrison, "Finds," p. 78, no. 3.

Remains:: The coins are preserved in the Royal Institution of South Wales, Swansea.

268. London (Middle Temple) (1 piece).

Find: 1893. Deposit: ca. 842.

Charlemagne

Mainz (93).

Source: J. D. A. Thompson, Inventory of British Coin Hoards, A.D. 600–1500 (London, 1956), no. 366; R. H. M. Dolley and K. F. Morrison, "Finds of Carolingian Coins from Great Britain and Ireland," British Numismatic Journal, 32 (1964), p. 78, no. 3.

Remains:: British Museum.

269. Pin's Knoll (Dorset) (1 piece). Find: 1963. Deposit: ca. 855. Lothaire II

Palace (1182 a).

Source: Dolley-Morrison, "Finds/' p. 75ff.

Remains: : Dorset County Museum.

270. Dorking (ca. 1000 pieces). Find: 1817. Deposit: ca. 861. Pippin I/II

Melle (606)–1.

Source: Thompson, op. cit., no. 123; Dolley-Morrison, "Finds/' p. 78, no. 5.

Remains:: Dispersed.

271. Talnotrie (ca. 12 pieces). Find: 1912. Deposit: ca. 870. Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)-1.

Found in context of Cufic and Anglo-Saxon coins.

Source: Thompson, op. cit., no. 349; Dolley-Morrison, "Finds," p. 78, no. 7.

Remains:: National Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh.

272. Gravesend (540 pieces). Find: 1838. Deposit: ca. 872.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–1.

Found in context of Anglo-Saxon coins.

Source: Thompson, op. cit., no. 176; Dolley-Morrison, "Finds," p. 79, no. 8.

Remains: : British Museum.

273. Trewhiddle (ca. 120 pieces). Find: 1774. Deposit: ca. 873.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–1.

There may, in addition, have been several coins of Pippin I/II.

Source: Thompson, op. cit., no. 362; R. H. M. Dolley ed., Anglo-Saxon Coins (London, 1961), p. 67; Dolley-Morrison, "Finds," p. 79, no. 9.

Remains:: Dispersed.

274. Croydon (ca. 250 pieces). Find: 1862. Deposit: ca. 875.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472)–2.

Charles the Bald

Indeterminate (1159)–6.

Found in context of Cufic and Anglo-Saxon coins.

Source: Thompson, op. cit., no. in. Dolley-Morrison, "Finds," p. 79, no. 10.

Remains: : One piece of Louis the Pious is in the British Museum.

275. Stamford (ca. 40 pieces). Find: 1902. Deposit: ca. 900. Charles the Bald

St-Denis (847)–1.

Found in context of Anglo-Saxon coins (or Viking imitations).

Source: Thompson, op. cit., no. 339; Dolley-Morrison, "Finds," p. 79, no. 12.

Remains: : British Museum.

276. Harkirke (ca. 300 pieces). Find: 1611. Deposit: ca. 910. Charles the Bald

Melle (1063)–1.

Louis the Child

Indeterminate (1570)–1.

Found in context of Anglo-Saxon, Viking, and Italian coins.

Source: Thompson, op. cit., no. 184; Photostats of original accounts in Department of Coins and Medals, British Museum; Dolley-Morrison, "Finds," p. 82, no. 14.

Remains:: Dispersed.

277. Port St. Mary, Isle of Man (1 piece).

Find: 1873/4. Deposit: ca. 960.

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (515-imitation).

Source: J. Evans in NC 1884, pp. 259–262; Dolley-Morrison, "Finds," p. 82, no. 16.

Remains: : Manx Museum, Douglas (on loan).

The reader will find nine additional finds inventoried in Dolley-Morrison, "Finds," pp. 82 ff., which are here omitted as sub-Carolingian, and two others (nos. 1, 15), whose "Carolingian" contents were not struck by members of the Carolingian dynasty.

SWITZERLAND

278. Steckborn (30+ pieces). Find: 1830. Deposit: ca. 800.

Charlemagne

Melle (172)–1.

Found in context of Islamic coins, only eight of which were preserved for examination. The latest of these is dated A.D. 798. SOURCE: J. Duplessy, "La circulation des monnaies arabes en Europe occidentale du VIIIe au XIII siécle," RN 1956, pp. 123f.; Vélckers, pp. 118, 192.

Remains:: ?

279. Grosso in the Mesolcina (1 piece).

Find: 1910. Deposit: after 751.

Charlemagne

Castel Seprio (212a).

Source: E. Hahn, "Ein Denar Karls des Grossen, von Castel Seprio/' Revue Suisse de Numismatique (1912), pp. 88–89.

Remains:: ?

ITALY

280. Mosciano San Angelo (1 piece).

Find: 1925. Deposit: after 751.

Charlemagne

Indeterminate (cf. cat. 182)–1.

Source: Vélckers, pp. 104, 182.

Remains:: ?

281. Hoard of the Vestal Virgins ("Forum Hoard") (ca. 835 pieces). Find: 1883. Deposit: ca. 950.

Odo

Limoges (1332)–1.

The deposit consisted predominately of Anglo-Saxon pennies, but it also contained one gold solidus of Theophilus, two coins of Pavia, and one of Regensburg.

Source: Annuaire de la Soété frangaise de numismatique et d'archéologie, 8 (1883), p. 372; C. F. Keary, "A Hoard of Anglo-Saxon Coins found in Rome," NC 1884, pp. 225 ff.

Remains:: ?

HUNGARY

282. Orsova (1 piece). Find: 1951? Deposit: ca. 900?

Louis the Pious

Indeterminate (472).

Source: L. Huszar, Das Munzmaterial in den Funden der Volkerwanderungszeit im Mittleren Donaubecken (Acta Archaelogica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, no. 5) (Budapest, 1955), CLVIII, no. 371, p. 91.

Remains:: ?

283. Vereb (1 piece). Find: before 1900? Deposit: ca. 900?

Charles the Bald

Chalon-sur-Saéne (1033).

Source: Huszér, op. cit., CCXLIV, no. 497, p. 102.

Remains:: ?

284. Szentes (1 piece). Find: 1939? Deposit: ca. 900.

Charles the Bald ?

Indeterminate (1156?).

Source: Huszér, op. cit., CCVII, no. 17, p. 97.

Remains:: ?

285. Tiszaeszlér (8 pieces from one grave).

Find: 1948? Deposit: ca. 900.

Louis the Pious

Bourges (410)-2.

Charles the Simple

Indeterminate (1429)–2.

The remainder of the coins are tenth-century Italian issues.

Source: Huszér, op. cit., CCXXXI, CCXXII, nos. 472–479, p. 100.

Remains:: ?

286. Tiszaeszér (1 piece, not from same grave as above).

Deposit: ca. 900 ?

Odo

Limoges (1332).

Source: Huszar, op. cit., CCXXXII, no. 480, p. 101.

Remains:: ?

287. Magyarszombathely (7 pieces in separate finds).

Deposit: ca. 900?

Charles the Simple

Cologne (1352)–1.

Found in context of German and Italian coins.

Source: Huszar, op. cit., CXXIX, nos. 337–343, p. 88.

Remains:: ?

288. Vereb (1 piece). Find: 1853? Deposit: ca. 900.

Coins in the name of an Emperor Charles

Toulouse (1488).

Source: Huszér, op. cit., CCXLIV, no. 498, p. 102.

Remains:: ?

289. Monostori Sziget (4 pieces). Find: 1938? Deposit: ca. 950.

Louis IV

Langres (1636)–2.

The other two coins were issues of Berengar II (1) and of Hugh and Lothaire (1).

Source: Huszar, op. cit., CXL nos. 358, 359, p. 90.

Remains:: ?


CONCORDANCE: GARIEL — MORRISON-GRUNTHAL

Gariel Morrison Grunthal Gariel Morrison Grunthal
Plate I, 1 42 Plate II, 41 66
I, 2 47 II, 42 61
I, 3 47 II, 43 62
I, 4 47 II, 44 41
I, 5 45 II, 45 64
I, 6 56 II, 46 22
I, 7 25 II, 47 23
I, 8 25 II, 48 63
I, 9 25 HI, 49 14
I, 10 25 HI, 50 35
I, 11 25 HI, 51 Not Car.
I, 12 25 HI, 52 Not Car.
I, 13 25 HI, 53 69
I, 14 25 HI, 54 Not Car.
I, 15 25 HI, 55 70
I, 16 25 HI, 56 15
I, 17 53 HI, 57 71
I, 18 80 HI, 58 73
I, 19 2 HI, 59 36
I, 20 48 III, 60 36
I, 21 16 III, 61 77
I, 22 17 III, 62 10
I, 23 18 III, 63 51
I, 24 18 III, 64 74
II, 25 72 HI, 65 75
II, 26 52 III, 66 76
II, 27 58 HI, 67 12
II, 28 55 III, 68 19
II, 29 29 III, 69 20
II, 30 44 III, 70 11
II, 31 46 III, 71 Not Car.
II, 32 40 III, 71a 13
II, 33 43 HI, 72 1
II, 34 50 HI, 73 21
II, 35 65 IV, 74 49
II, 36 24 IV, 75 57
II, 37 59 IV, 76 9
II, 38 33 IV, 77 8
II, 39 33 IV, 78 34
II, 40 66 IV, 79 37
Gariel Morrison Grunthal Gariel Morrison Grunthal
Plate IV, 80 38 Plate VI, 32 249
IV, 81 39 VI, 33 249
IV, 82 54 VI, 34 249
IV, 83 28 VI, 35 249
IV, 84 Not Car. VI, 36 249
IV, 85 Not Car. VI, 37 249
IV, 86 Not Car. VI, 38 250
IV, 1 82 VI, 39 113
IV, 2 83 VI, 40 112
IV, 3 84 VI, 41 111
IV, 4 86 VI, 42 111
Iv, 5 85 VI, 43 105
IV, 6 87 VI, 44 99
IV, 7 88 VI, 45 99
IV, 8 89 VI, 46 99
V, 1 226 VI, 47 99
V, 2 226 VI, 48 99
V, 3 98 VII, 49 99
V, 4 124 VII, 50 99
V, 5 227 VII, 51 99
V, 6 228 VII, 52 642
V, 7 255 VII, 53 157
V, 8 234 VII, 54 257
V, 9 198 VII, 55 257
V, 10 237 VII, 56 277
V, II 238 VII, 57 252
V, 12 238 VII, 58 252
V, 13 238 VII, 59 248
V, 14 123 VII, 60 128
V, 15 235 VII, 61 129
V, 16 256 VII, 62 307
V, 17 190 VII, 63 110
V, 18 236 VII, 64 260
V, 19 241 VII, 65 260
V, 20 168 VII, 66 261
V, 21 244 VII, 67 261
V, 22 108 VII, 68 164
V, 23 107 VII, 69 165
V, 24 247 VII, 70 230
VI, 25 153 VII, 71 109
VI, 26 154 VII, 72 162
VI, 27 155 VIII, 73 161
VI, 28 152 VIII, 74 263
VI, 29 176 VIII, 75 264
VI, 30 176 VIII, 76 201
VI, 31 240 VIII, 77 201
Gariel Morrison Grunthal Gariel Morrison Grunthal
Plate VIII, 78 201 Plate X, 124 149
VIII, 79 200 X, 125 282
VIII, 80 262 X, 126 282
VIII, 81 262 X, 127 294
VIII, 82 262 X, 128 290
VIII, 83 262 X, 129 297
VIII, 84 262 X, 130 281
VIII, 85 262 X, 131 280
VIII, 86 268 X, 132 291
VIII, 87 268 X, 133 292
VIII, 88 268 X, 134 96
VIII, 89 268 X, 135 97
VIII, 90 268 X, 136 299
VIII, 91 268 X, 137 122
VIII, 92 268 X, 138 298
VIII, 93 268 X, 139 145
VIII, 94 268 X, 140 Not Car.
VIII, 95 268 X, 141 Not Car.
VIII, 96 265 X, 142 Not Car.
IX, 97 313 X, 143 Not Car.
IX, 98 266 X, 144 Not Car.
IX, 99 269 XI, 145 302
IX, 100 271 XI, 146 303
IX, 101 184 XI, 147 304
IX, 102 272 XI, 148 258
IX, 103 242 XI, 149 301
IX, 104 229 XI, 150 119
IX, 105 254 XI, 151 121
IX, 106 275 XI, 152 300
IX, 107 134 XI, 153 Not Car.
IX, 108 170 XI, 154 Not Car.
IX, 109 170 XI, 155 Not Car.
IX, 110 169 XI, 156 Not Car.
IX, 111 279 XI, 157 Not Car.
IX, 112 274 XI, 158 Not Car.
IX, 113 276 XI, 159 Not Car.
IX, 114 259 XI, 160 Not Car.
IX, 115 305 XI, 161 Not Car.
IX, 116 295 XI, 162 Not Car.
IX, 117 125 XI, 163 Not Car.
IX, 118 126 XI, 164 231
IX, 119 267 XI, 165 Not Car.
IX, 120 284 XI, 166 204
X, 121 137 XI, 167 Not Car.
X, 122 136 XI, 168 232
x, 123 150 XII, 169 314
Gariel Morrison Grunthal Gariel Morrison Grunthal
Plate XII, 170 314 Plate XIII, 216 191
XII, 171 224 XIV, 1 459
XII, 172 Not Car. XIV, 2 385
XII, 173 Not Car. XIV, 3 391
XII, 174 221 XIV, 4 386
XII, 175 221 XIV, 5 394
XII, 176 222 XIV, 6 394
XII, 177 223 XIV, 7 395
XII, 178 212 XIV, 8 401, 404
XII, 179 208 XIV, 9 403
XII, 180 213 XIV, 10 514
XII, 181 214 XIV, 11 515
XII, 182 220 XIV, 12 Not Car.
XII, 183 216 XIV, 13 Not Car.
XII, 184 308 XIV, 14 Not Car.
XII, 185 180 XIV, 15 Not Car.
XII, 186 195 XIV, 16 Not Car.
XII, 187 192 XIV, 17 Not Car.
XII, 188 94 XIV, 18 390
XII, 189 95 XIV, 19 387, 388
XII, 190 160 XIV, 20 463
XII, 191 856 XIV, 21 463
XII, 192 101 XIV, 22 439
XIII, 193 102 XIV, 23 440
XIII, 194 103 XIV, 24 442
XIII, 195 100 XV, 25 442
XIII, 196 104 XV, 26 443
XIII, 197 159 XV, 27 435
XIII, 198 130 XV, 28 435
XIII, 199 132 XV, 29 436
XIII, 200 166 XV, 30 435
XIII, 201 202 XV, 31 437
XIII, 202 203 XV, 32 438
XIII, 203 309 XV, 33 424
XIII, 204 311 XV, 34 462
XIII, 205 90 XV, 35 427
XIII, 206 92 XV, 36 428
XIII, 207 91 XV, 37 425
XIII, 208 93 XV, 38 381
XIII, 209 172, 1063 XV, 39 412
XIII, 210 802 XV, 40 410
XIII, 211 141 XV, 41 409, 411
XIII, 212 139a XV, 42 408
XIII, 213 983 XV, 43 342
XIII, 214 147 XV, 44 378
XIII, 215 115 XV, 45 322
Gariel Morrison Grunthal Gariel Morrison Grunthal
Plate XV, 46 339 Plate XVII, 92 361
XV, 47 338 XVII, 93 361
XV, 48 340 XVII, 94 360
XVI, 49 415 XVII, 95 447
XVI, 50 414 XVII, 96 447
XVI, 51 416 XVII, 97 448
XVI, 52 413 XVIII, 98 445
XVI, 53 329 XVIII, 99 353
XVI, 54 332 XVIII, 100 354
XVI, 55 334 XVIII, 101 354
XVI, 56 335 XVIII, 102 350
XVI, 57 333 XVIII, 103 352
XVI, 58 333 XVIII, 104 351
XVI, 59 330 XVIII, 105 323
XVI, 60 330 XVIII, 106 357
XVI, 61 331 XVIII, 107 356
XVI, 62 465 XVIII, 108 356
XVI, 63 454 XVIII, 109 359
XVI, 64 379 XVIII, no 358
XVI, 65 444 XVIII, HI 355
XVI, 66 363 XVIII, 112 382
XVI, 67 362 XVIII, 113 429
XVI, 68 398 XVIII, 114 366
XVI, 69 399 XVIII, 115 365
XVI, 70 400 XVIII, 116 Not Car.
XVI, 71 402 XVIII, 117 376
XVI, 72 405 XVIII, 118 376
XVI, 73 396 XVIII, 119 375
XVII, 74 396 XVIII, 120 327
XVII, 75 396 XVIII, 121 326
XVII, 76 397 XIX, 122 326
XVII, 77 321 XIX, 123 325
XVII, 78 345 XIX, 124 328
XVII, 79 346 XIX, 125 419
XVII, 80 451 XIX, 126 421
XVII, 81 450 XIX, 127 422
XVII, 82 449 XIX, 128 417
XVII, 83 384 XIX, 129 418
XVII, 84 383 XIX, 130 418
XVII, 85 430 XIX, 131 371
XVII, 86 432 XIX, 132 367
XVII, 87 431 XIX, 133 368
XVII, 88 373 XIX, 134 368
XVII, 89 372 XIX, 135 368
XVII, 90 320 XIX, 136 370
XVII, 91 320 XIX, 137 344
Gariel Morrison Grunthal Gariel Morrison Grunthal
Plate IX, 138 453 Plate XXI, 16 813
XIX, 139 453 XXI, 17 920
XIX, 140 456 XXI, 18 920
XIX, 141 456 XXI, 19 981
XIX, 142 458 XXI, 20 982
XIX, 143 455 XXI, 21 980
XIX, 144 347 XXI, 22 1157
XIX, 145 348 XXI, 23 1154
XX, 146 433 XXI, 24 1162
XX, 147 434 XXII, 25 1087
XX, 148 466 XXII, 26 179
XX, 149 467 XXII, 27 186
XX, 150 468 XXII, 28 1055
XX, 151 Not Car. XXII, 29 1050
XX, 152 Not Car. XXII, 30 1053
XX, 153 Not Car. XXII, 31 193, 1049
XX, 154 Not Car. XXII, 32 196
XX, 155 Not Car. XXII, 33 193
XX, 1 601 XXII, 34 188
XX, 2 602 XXII, 35 189
XX, 3 598 XXII, 36 183
XX, 4 599 XXII, 37 Not Car.
XX, 5 600 XXII, 38 173
XX, 6 597 XXII, 39 1071
XX, 7 614 XXII, 40 1075
XX, 8 615 XXII, 41 1072
XX, 9 612 XXII, 42 175
XX, 10 613 XXII, 43 174
XX, 11 611 XXII, 44 1069
XX, 12 605 XXII, 45 Not Car.
XX, 13 621 XXII, 46 Not Car.
XXI, 1 989 XXII, 47 1429
XXI, 2 990 XXII, 48 1082
XXI, 3 1067, 1077 XXIII, 49 1082
XXI, 4 932 XXIII, 50 1083
XXI, 5 931 XXIII, 51 1078
XXI, 6 1085 XXIII, 52 1090
XXI, 7 1086 XXIII, 53 1092
XXI, 8 1059 XXIII, 54 1093
XXI, 9 945 XXIII, 55 1091, 1117
XXI, 10 945 XXIII, 56 187
XXI, 11 944 XXIII, 57 1422
XXI, 12 827 XXIII, 58 1063
XXI, 13 715 XXIII, 59 1064
XXI, 14 715 XXIII, 60 1056
XXI, 15 813 XXIII, 61 1057
Gariel Morrison Grunthal Gariel Morrison Grunthal
Plate XXIII, 62 185 Plate XXV, 14 748
XXIII, 63 1003 XXV, 15 739
XXIII, 64 1006 XXV, 16 818
XXIII, 65 802 XXV, 17 819
XXIII, 66 803 XXV, 18 1009
XXIII, 67 1103 XXV, 19 1010
XXIII, 68 1095 XXV, 20 999
XXIII, 69 1101 XXV, 21 996
XXIII, 70 1104 XXV, 22 997
XXIII, 71 1102 XXV, 23 1000
XXIII, 72 1096 XXV, 24 991, 1001
XXIV, 73 147 XXVI, 25 992
XXIV, 74 1089 XXVI, 26 993
XXIV, 75 1110 XXVI, 27 1015
XXIV, 76 1060 XXVI, 28 1016
XXIV, 77 1061 XXVI, 29 965
XXIV, 78 1061 XXVI, 30 964
XXIV, 79 1061 XXVI, 31 968
XXIV, 80 1107 XXVI, 32 962
XXIV, 81 1131 XXVI, 33 972
XXIV, 82 1106 XXVI, 34 959
XXIV, 83 914 XXVI, 35 974
XXIV, 84 1152 XXVI, 36 963
XXIV, 85 1193 XXVI, 37 971
XXIV, 86 1462 XXVI, 38 970
XXIV, 87 1491 XXVI, 39 969
XXIV, 88 1480 XXVI, 40 969
XXIV, 89 1475 XXVI, 41 958
XXIV, 90 167 XXVI, 42 960
XXIV, 91 1464 XXVI, 43 961
XXIV, 92 142 XXVI, 44 967
XXIV, 93 Not Car. XXVI, 45 887
XXIV, 94 Not Car. XXVI, 46 889, 890
XXV, 1 641 XXVI, 47 890
XXV, 2 752 XXVI, 48 890
XXV, 3 757 XXVII, 49 1376
XXV, 4 760 XXVII, 50 665
XXV, 5 760 XXVII, 51 1041
XXV, 6 763 XXVII, 52 925
XXV, 7 755 XXVII, 53 924
XXV, 8 767 XXVII, 54 1428
XXV, 9 1407 XXVII, 55 698
XXV, 10 1115 XXVII, 56 Not Car.
XXV, 11 738 XXVII, 57 1112
XXV, 12 741 XXVII, 58 1114
XXV, 13 742 XXVII, 59 669
Gariel Morrison Grunthal Gariel Morrison Grunthal
Plate XXVII, 60 670 Plate XXIX, 106 736, 111
XXVII, 61 672 XXIX, 107 883
XXVII, 62 674 XXIX, 108 882
XXVII, 63 707 XXIX, 109 884
XXVII, 64 708 XXIX, 110 702
XXVII, 65 822 XXIX, 111 703
XXVII, 66 824 XXIX, 112 704
XXVII, 67 1034 XXIX, 113 705
XXVII, 68 1035 XXIX, 114 1121
XXVII, 69 1036 XXIX, 115 1121
XXVII, 70 922, 1034 XXIX, 116 678
XXVII, 71 933 XXIX, 117 655
XXVII, 72 936 XXIX, 118 861
XXVIII, 73 933 XXIX, 119 863
XXVIII, 74 934 XXIX, 120 976
XXVIII, 75 942 XXX, 121 977
XXVIII, 76 943 XXX, 122 978
XXVIII, 77 941 XXX, 123 977
XXVIII, 78 1602 XXX, 124 1022
XXVIII, 79 953 XXX, 125 794
XXVIII, 80 951 XXX, 126 795
XXVIII, 81 1132 XXX, 127 797
XXVIII, 82 857 XXX, 128 798
XXVIII, 83 858 XXX, 129 905
XXVIII, 84 859 XXX, 130 907
XXVIII, 85 860 XXX, 131 663
XXVIII, 86 662 XXX, 132 885
XXVIII, 87 1116 XXX, 133 886
XXVIII, 88 790 XXX, 134 1038
XXVIII, 89 791 XXX, 135 645
XXVIII, 90 666 XXX, 136 648
XXVIII, 91 667 XXX, 137 646
XXVIII, 92 709 XXX, 138 647
XXVIII, 93 710 XXX, 139 644
XXVIII, 94 895 XXX, 140 904
XXVIII, 95 901 XXX, 141 664
XXVIII, 96 900 XXX, 142 785
XXIX, 97 1118 XXX, 143 786
XXIX, 98 1119 XXX, 144 787
XXIX, 99 893 XXXI, 145 853
XXIX, 100 894 XXXI, 146 852
XXIX, 101 891 XXXI, 147 864
XXIX, 102 651 XXXI, 148 865
XXIX, 103 1023 XXXI, 149 1358
XXIX, 104 1024 XXXI, 150 691
XXIX, 105 1027 XXXI, 151 695
Gariel Morrison Grunthal Gariel Morrison Grunthal
Plate XXXI, 152 692 Plate XXXIII, 198 1381
XXXI, 153 693 XXXIII, 199 1045
XXXI, 154 657 YXXIII, 200 1046
XXXI, 155 658 XXXIII, 201 1042
XXXI, 156 1047 XXXIII, 202 1136
XXXI, 157 1048 XXXIII, 203 1135, 1138
XXXI, 158 1130 XXXIII, 204 1137
XXXI, 159 804 XXXIII, 205 878
XXXI, 160 804 XXXIII, 206 878
XXXI, 161 1007 XXXIII, 207 878
XXXI, 162 659 XXXIII, 208 872
XXXI, 163 660 XXXIII, 209 867
XXXI, 164 948 XXXIII, 210 869
XXXI, 165 947 XXXIII, 211 868
XXXI, 166 949 XXXIII, 212 872
XXXI, 167 950 XXXIII, 213 877
XXXI, 168 628 XXXIII, 214 812
XXXII, 169 629 XXXIII, 215 1011
XXXII, 170 629 XXXIII, 216 1013
XXXII, 171 633 XXXIV, 217 Not Car.
XXXII, 172 633 XXXIV, 218 Not Car.
XXXII, 173 634 XXXIV, 219 843
XXXII, 174 1139 XXXIV, 220 840
XXXII, 175 630 XXXIV, 221 840
XXXII, 176 638 XXXIV, 222 841
XXXII, 177 Not Car. XXXIV, 223 847
XXXII, 178 1141 XXXIV, 224 1146
XXXII, 179 1142 XXXIV, 225 769
XXXII, 180 1143 XXXIV, 226 675
XXXII, 181 1140, 1144 XXXIV, 227 677
XXXII, 182 833 XXXIV, 228 811
XXXII, 183 833 XXXIV, 229 1014
XXXII, 184 834 XXXIV, 230 1369
XXXII, 185 831 XXXIV, 231 770
XXXII, 186 768 XXXIV, 232 771
XXXII, 187 716 XXXIV, 233 777
XXXII, 188 716 XXXIV, 234 775
XXXII, 189 716 XXXIV, 235 774
XXXII, 190 717 XXXIV, 236 781
XXXII, 191 717 XXXIV, 237 782
XXXII, 192 717 XXXIV, 238 779
XXXIII, 193 814 XXXIV, 239 773
XXXIII, 194 1389 XXXIV, 240 1145
XXXIII, 195 1380 XXXIV, 241 1417
XXXIII, 196 1388 XXXV, 242 Not Car.
XXXIII, 197 1383 XXXV, 243 986
Gariel Morrison Grunthal Gariel Morrison Grunthal
Plate XXXV, 244 986 Plate XXXVII, 290 Not Car.
XXXV, 245 986b XXXVII, 291 Not Car.
XXXV, 246 986a XXXVII, 292 Not Car.
XXXV, 247 Not Car. XXXVII, 293 Not Car.
XXXV, 248 805 XXXVII, 294 Not Car.
XXXV, 249 809 XXXVII, 295 Not Car.
XXXV, 250 806 XXXVII, 296 Not Car.
XXXV, 251 807 XXXVII, 297 Not Car.
XXXV, 252 712 XXXVII, 1 609
XXXV, 253 711 XXXVII, 2 606, 1653
XXXV, 254 711 XXXVII, 3 606, 1654
XXXV, 255 881 XXXVII, 4 608, 1652
XXXV, 256 881 XXXVII, 5 617
XXXV, 257 1148 XXXVII, 6 618
XXXV, 258 1151 XXXVII, 7 618
XXXV, 259 1149 XXXVII, 8 619
XXXV, 260 1028, 1032 XXXVII, 1 Not Car.
XXXV, 261 680 XXXVII, 2 1653
XXXV, 262 681 XXXVII, 3 Not Car.
XXXV, 263 682 XXXVIII, 4 Not Car.
XXXV, 264 682 XXXVIII, 5 1233
XXXVI, 265 1029, 1460 XXXVIII, 6 1232
XXXVI, 266 729 XXXVIII, 7 1226
XXXVI, 267 916 XXXVIII, 8 1223
XXXVI, 268 918 XXXVIII, 9 1228
XXXVI, 269 1150 XXXVIII, 10 1254
XXXVI, 270 1406 XXXVIII, 11 1650
XXXVI, 271 954 XXXVIII, 12 1258
XXXVI, 272 957 XXXVIII, 13 1255
XXXVI, 273 1414 XXXVIII, 1 1243
XXXVI, 274 Not Car. XXXVIII, 2 Not Car.
XXXVI, 275 Not Car. XXXVIII, 3 1225
XXXVI, 276 734 XXXVIII, 4 1224
XXXVI, 277 730 XXXVIII, 5 1256
XXXVI, 278 731 XXXVIII, 6 1257
XXXVI, 279 732 XXXVIII, 7 1260
XXXVI, 280 1125 XXXVIII, 8 1229
XXXVI, 281 1435 XXXVIII, 9 1245
XXXVI, 282 684 XXXIX, 1 1211
XXXVI, 283 685 XXXIX, 2 1209
XXXVI, 284 Not Car. XXXIX, 3 1208
XXXVI, 285 Not Car. XXXIX, 4 Not Car.
XXXVI, 286 1127 XXXIX, 5 1210
XXXVI, 287 1126 XXXIX, 6 1214
XXXVI, 288 1128 XXXIX, 7 1212
XXXVII, 289 1109 XXXIX, 8 1198
Gariel Morrison Grunthal Gariel Morrison Grunthal
Plate XXXIX, 9 1197 Plate XLI, 32 Not Car.
XXXIX, 10 1194 XLI, 33 Not Car.
XXXIX, 11 1201 XLI, 34 Not Car.
XXXIX, 12 1202 XLI, 35 Not Car.
XXXIX, 13 1200 XLI, 36 Not Car.
XXXIX, 14 811 XLI, 37 Not Car.
XXXIX, 15 1418 XLI, 38 890
XXXIX, 16 1419 XLII, 39 1492
XXXIX, 17 1419 XLII, 40 1493
XXXIX, 18 1420 XLII, 41 1523
XXXIX, 19 1206 XLII, 42 1375
XXXIX, 20 1203 XLII, 43 Not Car.
XXXIX, 21 1204 XLII, 44 1485, 1482
XXXIX, 22 1195 XLII, 45 1481
XXXIX, 23 1196 XLII, 46 890
XL, 1 1352 XLII, 47 890, 1080
XL, 2 1356 XLII, 48 890, 1081
XL, 3 1355 XLII, 49 1471
XL, 4 640 XLII, 50 623
XL, 5 652 XLII, 51 624
XL, 6 653 XLII, 52 828
XL, 7 Not Car. XLII, 53 829
XL, 8 706 XLII, 54 1371
XL, 9 1374 XLII, 55 728
XL, 10 1496 XLII, 56 1445
XL, 11 1502 XLII, 57 1488
XL, 12| 1497 XLII, 58 1488
XL, 13 1469 XLII, 59 1457
XL, 14 1470 XLIII, 1 469
XL, 15 1461 XLIII, 2 469
XL, 16 1441 XLIII, 3 472, 506
XL, 17 1446 XLIII, 4 489
XL, 18 1447 XLIII, 5 507
XL, 19 1444 XLIII, 6 472
XL, 20 1494 XLIII, 7 472
XLI, 21 1495 XLIII, 8 472
XLI, 22 Not Car. XLIII, 9 494
XLI, 23 1459 XLIII, 10 501
XLI, 24 1460 XLIII, 11 496
XLI, 25 1522 XLIII, 12 487
XLI, 26 1456 XLIII, 13 498
XLI, 27 Not Car. XLIII, 14 472
XLI, 28 Not Car. XLIII, 15 Not Car.
XLI, 29 Not Car. XLIII, 16 1616
XLI, 30 Not Car. XLIII, 17 Not Car.
XLI, 31 Not Car. XLIII, 18 495
Gariel Morrison Grunthal Gariel Morrison Grunthal
Plate XLIII, 19 490 Plate XLV, 65 1161
XLIII, 20 Not Car. XLV, 66 1161
XLIII, 21 478 XLV, 67 Not Car.
XLIII, 22 478 XLV, 68 Not Car.
XLIII, 23 478 XLV, 69 1437
XLIII, 24 476 XLV, 70 1438
XLIV, 25 482 XLVI, 1 1270
XLIV, 26 505 XLVI, 2 913
XLIV, 27 Not Car. XLVI, 3 1293
XLIV, 28 481 XLVI, 4 1291
XLIV, 29 Not Car. XLVI, 5 1290
XLIV, 30 Not Car. XLVI, 6 1292
XLIV, 31 Not Car. XLVI, 7 1291
XLIV, 32 Not Car. XLVI, 8 1268
XLIV, 33 Not Car. XLVI, 9 1309
XLIV, 34 Not Car. XLVI, 10 1308
XLIV, 35 Not Car. XLVI, 11 1310
XLIV, 36 Not Car. XLVI, 12 1330
XLIV, 37 Not Car. XLVI, 13 1328
XLIV, 38 Not Car. XLVI, 14 1329
XLIV, 39 Not Car. XLVI, 15 1344
XLIV, 40 Not Car. XLVI, 16 1344
XLIV, 41 Not Car. XLVI, 17 1326
XLIV, 42 Not Car. XLVI, 18 1327
XLIV, 43 Not Car. XLVI, 19 1315
XLIV, 44 Not Car. XLVI, 20 1319
XLIV, 45 Not Car. XLVI, 21 1320
XLIV, 46 Not Car. XLVI, 22 1318
XLIV, 47 Not Car. XLVI, 23 1345
XLIV, 48 Not Car. XLVI, 24 1271
XLIV, 49 508a XLVII, 25 1289
XLV, 50 508a XLVII, 26 1332
XLV, 51 Not Car. XLVII, 27 1334
XLV, 52 Not Car. XLVII, 28 1336
XLV, 53 Not Car. XLVII, 29 1335
XLV, 54 Not Car. XLVII, 30 1278
XLV, 55 319 XLVII, 31 1321
XLV, 56 318 XLVII, 32 1324
XLV, 57 317 XLVII, 33 1323
XLV, 58 317 XLVII, 34 1266
XLV, 59 317 XLVII, 35 1267
XLV, 60 1155 XLVII, 36 1264
XLV, 61 1157 XLVII, 37 1265
XLV, 62 1436 XLVII, 38 1285
XLV, 63 1156 XLVII, 39 1284
XLV, 64 1167 XLVII, 40 1283
Gariel Morrison Grunthal Gariel Morrison Grunthal
Plate XLVII, 41 1281 Plate XLIX, 22 Not Car.
XLVII, 42 1282 XLIX, 23 Not Car.
XLVII, 43 1282 XLIX, 24 Not Car.
XLVII, 44 1287 L, 25 Not Car.
XLVII, 45 1286 L, 26 939
XLVII, 46 1288 L, 27 Not Car.
XLVII, 47 1277 L, 28 Not Car.
XLVII, 48 1274 L, 29 656
XLVIII, 49 1325 L, 30 1021
XLVIII, 50 1279 L, 31 792
XLVIII, 51 1280 L, 32 792
XLVIII, 52 1341 L, 33 793
XLVIII, 53 1339 L, 34 799
XLVIII, 54 1340 L, 35 1404
XLVIII, 55 1342 L, 36 911
XLVIII, 56 1304 L, 37 1421
XLVIII, 57 1295 L, 38 1400
XLVIII, 58 1299 L, 39 Not Car.
XLVIII, 59 1294 L, 40 Not Car.
XLVIII, 1 1605 L, 41 850
XLVIII, 2 1597 L, 42 1397
XLVIII, 3 1300 L. 43 1398
XLVIII, 4 1301 L, 44 1399
XLVIII, 5 Not Car. L. 45 Not Car.
XLVIII, 6 Not Car. L, 46 117
XLIX, 1 1408 L, 47 1359
XLIX, 2 1408 L, 48 1360
XLIX, 3 745 LI, 49 1361
XLIX, 4 1410 LI, 50 1361
XLIX, 5 1401 LI, 51 1005
XLIX, 6 1402 LI, 52 627
XLIX, 7 700 LI, 53 625
XLIX, 8 1577 LI. 54 837
XLIX, 9 1425 LI, 55 825, 826
XLIX, 10 1426 LI, 56 1394
XLIX, 11 Not Genuine LI, 57 1391
XLIX, 12 1424 LI, 58 1392
XLIX, 13 1424 LI, 59 1395
XLIX, 14 92b LI, 60 718
XLIX, 15 929 LI, 61 1387
XLIX, 16 156 LI, 62 1386
XLIX, 17 1432 LI, 63 1382
XLIX, 18 1431 LI, 64 1385
XLIX, 19 1390 LI, 65 1384
XLIX, 20 Not Car. LI, 66 Not Car.
XLIX, 21 Not Car. LI, 67 1043
Gariel Morrison Grunthal Gariel Morrison Grunthal
Plate LI, 68 1044 Plate LIII, 21 1411
LI, 69 1396 LIII, 22 1609
LI, 70 1370 LIII, 23 1276
LI, 71 1415 LIII, 24 800
LI, 72 1348 LIV, 25 1405
LII, 73 1350 LIV, 26 1611
LII, 74 1346 LIV, 27 1039
LII, 75 1347 LIV, 28 1589
LII, 76 1364 LIV, 29 1613
LII, 77 1365 LIV, 30 1608
LII, 78 1489 LIV, 31 1598
LII, 79 1490 LIV, 32 1598
LII, 80 1098 LIV, 33 1598
LII, 81 1105 LIV, 34 1322
LII, 82 1433 LIV, 35 1600
LII, 83 1357 LIV, 36 1599
LII, 84 1434 LIV, 37 1582
LII, 85 1435 LIV, 38 1583
LII, 86 689 LIV, 39 Not Car.
LII, 87 1367 LIV, 40 1585
LII, 88 1366 LIV, 41 1614
LII, 89 Not Car. LIV, 42 1586
LII, 90 Not Car. LIV, 43 1586
LII, 91 Not Car. LIV, 44 1607
LII, 92 Not Car. LIV, 45 1580
LII, 93 Not Car. LIV, 46 1568
LIII, 1 1612 LV, 1 1645
LIII, 2 1595 LV, 2 1641
LIII, 3 1578 LV, 3 1639
LIII, 4 1579 LV, 4 1640
LIII, 5 1615 LV, 5 1642
LIII, 6 1610 LV, 6 1631
LIII, 7 1331 LV, 7 1631
LIII, 8 1604 LV, 8 1632
LIII, 9 1602 LV, 9 1231
LIII, 10 1592 LV, 10 1636
LIII, 11 1593 LV, 11 1637
LIII, 12 1592 LV, 12 1638
LIII, 13 1275 LV, 13 1643
LIII, 14 1594 LV, 14 1643
LIII, 15 1 LV, 15 1619, 1620
LIII, 16 Not Car. LV, 16 1620
LIII, 17 Not Car. LV, 17 1617
LIII, 18 Not Car. LV, 18 1633
LIII, 19 1605 LV, 19 1634
LIII, 20 1606 LV, 20 1635
Gariel Morrison Grunthal Gariel Morrison Grunthal
Plate LV, 21 1251 Plate LVIII, 1 1647
LV, 22 1251 LVIII, 2 1648
LV, 23 1248 LVIII, 3 1649
LV, 24 1246 LVIII, 4 1249
LVI, 25 1250 LIX, 1 568
LVI, 26 1247 LIX, 2 563, 568
LVI, 27 1626 LIX, 3 563
LVI, 28 1627 LIX, 4 564
LVI, 29 1630 LIX, 5 562
LVI, 30 Not Car. LIX, 6 565
LVI, 31 Not Car. LIX, 7 568
LVI, 32 Not Car. LIX, 8 585
LVI, 33 1567 LIX, 9 583
LVI, 34 1568 LIX, 10 571
LVI, 35 1569 LIX, 11 572
LVI, 36 1621 LIX, 12 Not Car.
LVI, 37 1623 LIX, 13 555
LVI, 38 1624 LIX, 14 543
LVI, 39 1622 LIX, 15 522
LVI, 1 1656 LIX, 16 524
LVI, 2 1657 LIX, 17 525
LVI, 3 Not Car. LIX, 18 541
LVI, 4 1682 LIX, 19 547
LVI, 5 1680 LIX, 20 550
LVI, 6 1666 LIX, 21 558
LVII, 7 1666 LIX, 22 516
LVII, 8 1667 LIX, 23 520
LVII, 9 1672 LIX, 24 556
LVII, 10 1673 LX, 25 553
LVII, 11 1679 LX, 26 546
LVII, 12 1663 LX, 27 559
LVII, 13 1681 LX, 28 560
LVII, 14 1412 LX, 29 551
LVII, 15 Not Car. LX, 30 551
LVII, 16 Not Car. LX, 31 Not Car.
LVII, 17 1664 LX, 32 Not Car.
LVII, 18 1665 LX, 33 Not Car.
LVII, 19 Not Genuine LX, 34 Not Car.
LVII, 20 1661 LX, 35 Not Car.
LVII, 21 Not Car. LX, 36 Not Car.
LVII, 22 Not Car. LX, 37 Not Car.
LVII, 23 Not Car. LX, 38 Not Car.
LVII, 24 1660 LX, 39 Not Car.
LVII, 25 1191 LX, 1 1186
LVII, 26 1192 LX, 2 1183
LVII, 27 1658 LX, 3 1185
Gariel Morrison Grunthal Gariel Morrison Grunthal
Plate LX, 4 1188 Plate LXIII, 4 Not Car.
LX, 5 1189 LXIII, 5 Not Car.
LX, 6 1190 LXIII, 6 Not Car.
LXI, 1 1571 LXIII, 1 1544
LXI, 2 1553 LXIII, 2 1545
LXI, 3 Not Car. LXIV, 1 Not Car.
LXI, 4 Not Car. LXIV, 1 1566
LXI, 5 Not Car. LXIV, 2 1547
LXI, 6 1552 LXIV, 3 1546
LXI, 7 1552 LXIV, 4 Not Car.
LXI, 8 1552 LXIV, 5 1548
LXI, 9 1556 LXIV, 6 1548
LXI, 10 594 LXIV, 7 596
LXI, 11 Not Car. LXIV, 8 1242
LXI, 12 Not Car. LXIV, 9 1655
LXI, 13 Not Car. LXIV, 10 1562
LXI, 14 Not Car. LXIV, 11 1563
LXI, 15 446 LXIV, 12 1239
LXI, 16 1180 LXIV, 13 1236
LXI, 17 1176 LXIV, 14 1237
LXI, 18 1178 LXIV, 15 1234
LXI, 19 1179 LXIV, 16 1616
LXI, 20 Not Car. LXIV, 17 1549
LXII, 1 1217 LXIV, 18 1557
LXII, 1 1262 LXIV, 19 1559
LXII, 2 1263 LXIV, 20 1559
LXII, 1 Not Car. LXV, 1 Not Car.
LXII, 2 Not Car. LXV, 2 Not Car.
LXII, 3 Not Car. LXV, 3 Not Car.
LXII, 4 Not Car. LXV, 4 Not Car.
LXII, 5 Not Car. LXV, 5 Not Car.
LXII, 1 1533, 1540 LXV, 6 Not Car.
LXII, 2 1541 LXV, 7 Not Car.
LXII, 3 Not Car. LXV, 1 Not Car.
LXIII, 1 Not Car. LXV, 2 Not Car.
LXIII, 2 Not Car. LXV, 3 Not Car.
LXIII, 3 Not Car. LXV, 4 Not Car.
LXIII, 4 Not Car. LXV, 1 Not Car.
LXIII, 5 Not Car. LXV, 2 Not Car.
LXIII, 6 Not Car. LXV, 3 Not Car.
LXIII, 7 Not Car. LXV, 4 Not Car.
LXIII, 8 Not Car. LXV, 5 Not Car.
LXIII, 9 Not Car. LXVI, 1 Not Car.
LXIII, 1 1574 LXVI, 2 Not Car.
LXIII, 2 1573 LXVI, 3 Not Car.
LXIII, 3 1576 LXVI, 4 Not Car.
Gariel Morrison Grunthal Gariel Morrison Grunthal
Plate LXVI, 5 Not Car. Plate LXVIII, 1 Not Car.
LXVI, 6 Not Car. LXVIII, 2 Not Car.
LXVI, 7 Not Car. LXVIII, 3 Not Car.
LXVI, 8 Not Car. LXVIII, 4 Not Car.
LXVI, 9 Not Car. LXVIII, 5 Not Car.
LXVI, 1 Not Car. LXVIII, 6 Not Car.
LXVI, 2 Not Car. LXVIII, 7 Not Car.
LXVI, 3 Not Car. LXVIII, 8 Not Car.
LXVII, 1 Not Car. LXVIII, 9 Not Car.
LXVII, 2 Not Car. LXVIII, 10 Not Car.
LXVII, 3 Not Car. LXVIII, 11 Not Car.
LXVII, 4 Not Car. LXVIII, 12 Not Car.
LXVII, 5 Not Car. LXVIII, 13 Not Car.
LXVII, 6 Not Car. LXVIII, 14 Not Car.
LXVII, 7 Not Car. LXVIII, 15 Not Car.
LXVII, 1 Not Car. LXVIII, 16 Not Car.
LXVII, 2 Not Car. LXVIII, 17 Not Car.
LXVII, 3 1683 LXVIII, 18 Not Car.
LXVII, 1 Not Car. LXVIII, 19 Not Car.

CONCORDANCE: PROU — MORRISON-GRUNTHAL

Prou Morrison Grunthal Prou Morrison Grunthal Prou Morrison Grunthal
1 Not Car. 41 95 81
1560 2 47 42 96
82 1352 3 47 43
324 83 1353 4 47
44 326 84 107 5
55 45 326 85 241
6 241 46 327 86
Not Car. 7 274 47 1183
87 109 8 322 48
1550 88 648 9 322
49 1554 89 645 10
322 50 1551 90 1441
11 516 51 1552 91
1442 12 625 52 1555
92 1226 13 625 53
1555 93 1227 14 625
54 1348 94 1230 15
626 55 1351 95 110
16 622 56 99 96
111 17 622 57 99
97 654 18 622 58
99 98 655 19 622
59 99 99 1232 20
629 60 99 100 235
21 631 61 99 101
657 22 632 62 100
102 1562 23 639 63
330 103 1239 24 635
64 330 104 661 25
637 65 332 105 662
26 1224 66 333 106
1443 27 1267 67 333
107 663 28 1266 68
334 108 664 29 1264
69 521 109 664 30
91 70 523 110 665
31 91 71 524 111
665 32 92 72 524
112 113 33 93 73
524 113 666 34 323
74 525 114 342 35
594 75 526 115 342
36 1532 76 527 116
669 37 1533 77 529
117 669 38 1548 78
530 118 673 39 1548
79 339 119 671 40
94 80 1559 120 672
Prou Morrison Grunthal Prou Morrison Grunthal Prou Morrison Grunthal
121 674 167 690 213 1461
122 677 168 693 214 123
123 675 169 694 215 737
124 676 170 695 216 738
125 1445 171 696 217 740
126 344 172 697 218 711
127 546 173 698 219 742
128 1566 174 699 220 748
129 549 175 702 221 749
130 1241 176 704 222 1268
131 1359 177 705 223 1269
132 1360 178 707 224 743
133 1362 179 709 225 744
134 1243 180 712 226 746
135 1243 181 711 227 10
136 1535 182 713 228 125
137 1567 183 714 229 125
138 1568 184 69 230 126
139 1364 185 1371 231 760
140 1364 186 349 232 751
141 1365 187 351 233 756
142 8 188 353 234 756
143 118 189 1167 235 758
144 119 190 715 236 754
145 347 191 716 237 764
146 347 192 716 238 759
147 551 193 716 239 760
148 1188 194 716 240 760
149 1187a 195 717 241 763
150 685 196 720 242 767
151 683 197 719 243 767
152 683 198 722 244 1272
153 688 199 723 245 1273
154 1457 200 718 246 775
155 1449 201 726 247 776
156 1452 202 727 248 777
157 1452 203 122 249 772
158 1452 204 1459 250 783
159 1453 205 1460 251 779
160 1453 206 733 252 780
161 1453 207 735 253 772
162 1454 208 730 254 773
163 1456 209 730 255 784
164 1455 210 731 256 1375
165 1366 211 732 257 1375
166 1368 212 1373 258 1376
Prou Morrison Grunthal Prou Morrison Grunthal Prou Morrison Grunthal
259 1579 305 1281 351 847
260 1578 306 1282 352 1286
261 1577 307 1250 353 1287
262 785 308 817 354 1396
263 786 309 818 355 1586
264 789 310 818 356 1587
265 791 311 821 357 1588
266 790 312 821 358 857
267 131 313 824 359 363
268 128 314 823 360 363
269 792 315 35 361 363
270 794 316 229 362 853
271 794 317 361 363 853
272 794 318 361 364 854
273 796 319 361 365 855
274 797 320 361 366 851
275 798 321 826 367 1661
276 1245 322 826 368 861
277 1278 323 827 369 862
278 805 324 833 370 864
279 805 325 835 371 864
280 805 326 830 372 864
281 805 327 831 373 1662
282 806 328 832 374 1254
283 807 329 832 375 1254
284 808 330 836 376 366
285 810 331 836 377 366
286 1279 332 838 378 878
287 1280 333 1283 379 878
288 812 334 1391 380 888
289 136–138 335 1393 381 874
290 137–139 336 1394 382 875
291 133 337 1582 383 873
292 134 338 1583 384 868
293 356 339 1584 385 876
294 357 340 1585 386 870
295 357 341 1251 387 871
296 813 342 840 388 872
297 813 343 840 389 866
298 814 344 843 390 1625
299 815 345 843 391 1625
300 816 346 842 392 1628
301 1389 347 844 393 1629
302 1389 348 845 394 Not Car.
303 1379 349 846 395 Not Car.
304 1385 350 846 396 881
Prou Morrison Grunthal Prou Morrison Grunthal Prou Morrison Grunthal
397 882 443 147 489 154
398 882 444 368 490 932
399 883 445 368 491 935
400 885 446 371 492 936
401 886 447 371 493 935
402 886 448 367 494 935
403 887 449 915 495 935
404 887 450 916 496 934
405 889 451 916 497 1315
406 891 452 917 498 937
407 893 453 1255 499 938
408 897 454 1255 500 1592
409 897 455 1255 501 941
410 897 456 1255 502 940
411 895 457 1255 503 943
412 896 458 1255 504 1317
413 898 459 1256 505 1319
414 898 460 1257 506 1594
415 899 461 1295 507 372
416 901 462 1296 508 944
417 1289 463 1297 509 944
418 1590 464 1304 510 944
419 904 465 1304 511 944
420 905 466 1305 512 944
421 905 467 1306 513 945
422 905 468 1299 514 945
423 906 469 1301 515 948
424 907 470 1631 516 948
425 908 471 923 517 948
426 909 472 923 518 948
427 910 473 928 519 949
428 911 474 928 520 949
429 912 475 928 521 1409
430 912 476 929 522 1321
431 912 477 930 523 1323
432 1291 478 926 524 1323
433 1291 479 927 525 1598
434 1291 480 1258 526 1598
435 1292 481 1309 527 1598
436 1291 482 1311 528 1600
437 1291 483 1311 529 1595
438 1408 484 1309 530 1596
439 19 485 1313 531 951
440 149 486 1308 532 951
441 920 487 925 533 951
442 921 488 153 534 951
Prou Morrison Grunthal Prou Morrison Grunthal Prou Morrison Grunthal
535 952 581 1325 627 164
536 1194 582 987 628 165
537 1601 583 987 629 166
538 1602 584 998 630 379
539 1605 585 998 631 379
540 21 586 999 632 380
541 161 587 1000 633 1038
542 162 588 994 634 1683
543 954 589 991 635 1683
544 955 590 1197 636 1683
545 1195 591 1197 637 1683
546 957 592 1463 638 Not Car.
547 956 593 1007 639 Not Car.
548 1259 594 1007 640 Not Car.
549 1413 595 1002 641 Not Car.
550 275 596 1464 642 Not Car.
551 958 597 1465 643 Not Car.
552 959 598 1467 644 Not Car.
553 967 599 1009 645 Not Car.
554 970 600 1011 646 Not Car.
555 971 601 1011 647 Not Car.
556 969 602 1012 648 1041
557 969 603 1419 649 169
558 968 604 1015 650 170
559 961 605 1017 651 1045
560 962 606 1016 652 1045
561 960 607 1019 653 384
562 965 608 1020 654 1047
563 966 609 1022 655 385
564 975 610 1471 656 386
565 374 611 1636 657 389
566 376 612 1637 658 388
567 376 613 1025 659 601
568 377 614 1026 660 601
569 1416 615 1027 661 602
570 1415 616 1031 662 603
571 980 617 1472 663 604
572 980 618 1473 664 598
573 981 619 1474 665 597
574 982 620 1476 666 600
575 982 621 1477 667 600
576 983 622 1663 668 1049
577 984 623 1663 669 1050
578 984 624 1664 670 1051
579 986 625 1665 671 1052
580 985 626 24 672 1053
Prou Morrison Grunthal Prou Morrison Grunthal Prou Morrison Grunthal
673 1054 719 398 765 1083
674 1053 720 406 766 1083
675 391 721 401 767 1084
676 391 722 402 768 1078
677 605 723 402 769 1079
678 Not Car. 724 403 770 1081
679 Not Car. 725 404 771 1081
680 Not Car. 726 1056 772 1611
681 268 727 1056 773 260
682 268 728 173 774 261
683 268 729 174 775 612
684 268 730 174 776 613
685 268 731 174 777 1201
686 268 732 174 778 1202
687 268 733 408 779 1332
688 172 734 410 780 1332
689 606 735 610 781 1332
690 606 736 1068 782 1332
691 608 737 1069 783 1332
692 1063 738 1069 784 1333
693 1063 739 1071 785 1333
694 1063 740 1071 786 1336
695 1063 741 1072 787 1336
696 1063 742 1073 788 1612
697 1063 743 1479 789 412
698 1063 744 1479 790 555
699 1064 745 1480 791 1087
700 1064 746 1480 792 177
701 1064 747 1484 793 178
702 1065 748 1486 794 179
703 1060 749 Not Car. 795 1089
704 1060 750 1328 796 415
705 1060 751 1330 797 416
706 1061 752 1645 798 1090
707 1061 753 1678 799 1092
708 1061 754 1679 800 181
709 394 755 1672 801 181
710 394 756 1674 802 181
711 395 757 1675 803 417
712 396 758 1666 804 418
713 396 759 1668 805 419
714 397 760 1669 806 420
715 398 761 1669 807 616
716 398 762 86 808 617
717 398 763 176 809 618
718 398 764 1082 810 618
Prou Morrison Grunthal Prou Morrison Grunthal Prou Morrison Grunthal
811 618 857 436 903 447
812 618 858 437 904 556
813 1103 859 439 905 212
814 1102 860 441 906 212
815 1104 861 1499 907 449
816 1096 862 1123 908 449
817 1097 863 1211 909 451
818 1650 864 1213 910 558
819 1203 865 1207 911 215
820 1204 866 1208 912 220
821 1488 867 1208 913 453
822 1490 868 1208 914 453
823 1340 869 1496 915 223
824 1338 870 1498 916 223
825 1339 871 1501 917 456
826 1337 872 1500 918 456
827 424 873 1503 919 457
828 424 874 1504 920 457
829 187 875 1505 921 560
830 426 876 1506 922 42
831 427 877 1507 923 16
832 428 878 1508 924 18
833 429 879 1509 925 50
834 Not Car. 880 1514 926 70
835 185 881 1515 927 73
836 430 882 1653 928 11
837 431 883 1654 929 81
838 431 884 200 930 244
839 432 885 201 931 247
840 1205 886 444 932 248
841 1206 887 237 933 252
842 433 888 238 934 250
843 434 889 238 935 262
844 1109 890 238 936 262
845 1108 891 226 937 262
846 1262 892 226 938 157
847 1572 893 231 939 274
848 1573 894 232 940 280
849 1575 895 233 941 305
850 1575 896 308 942 310
851 190 897 207 943 311
852 194 898 209 944 1429
853 196 899 210 945 1112
854 197 900 445 946 1114
855 195 901 445 947 1114
856 435 902 447 948 1114
Prou Morrison Grunthal Prou Morrison Grunthal Prou Morrison Grunthal
949 Not Car. 990 472 1031 472
950 1115 991 472 1032 472
951 894 992 472 1033 473
952 802 993 472 1034 472
953 804 994 472 1035 472
954 804 995 472 1036 472
955 1132 996 472 1037 472
956 1132 997 472 1038 472
957 1137 998 472 1039 472
958 1135,1138 999 472 1040 472
959 1136 1000 472 1041 472
960 1134 1001 472 1042 508a
961 770 1002 472 1043 509
962 1146 1003 472 1044 510
963 1147 1004 472 1045 511
964 1150 1005 473 1046 512
965 1148 1006 472 1047 513
966 1434 1007 472 1048 562
967 1435 1008 472 1049 563
968 1124 1009 472 1050 564
969 1124 1010 489 1051 585
970 1126 1011 472 1052 585
971 596 1012 472 1053 583
972 313 1013 472 1054 582
973 1431 1014 472 1055 1570
974 1432 1015 472 1056 621
975 1571 1016 472 1057 1157
976 Not Car. 1017 472 1058 1155
977 Not Car. 1018 481 1059 1158
978 Not Car. 1019 473 1060 1154
979 1119 1020 473 1061 1154
980 25 1021 473 1062 1159
981 318 1022 473 1063 1159
982 314 1023 473 1064 1157
983 317 1024 473 1065 1157
984 469 1025 482 1066 1153
985 469 1026 472 1067 1436
986 469 1027 472 1068 1437
987 472 1028 472 1069 1438
988 472 1029 472 1070 514
989 472 1030 472 1071 515

BACK

INDEX TO THE CATALOGUE

Obverse Inscriptions

The numbers after each entry refer to the numbers in the catalogue.

  • ARNOLDVSRE 1532, 1533
  • ARNULF VSPIVSREX 1536, 1537
  • ARNVLFVSPIVSRE 1538–1541
  • ARNVLFVSREX 1534, 1535
  • BOSOGRACIADEI 1262, 1263
  • CAILVS, in two lines 281
  • CALVSREXIIER 310
  • CAREIIAIII 1212
  • CARELEMANVSREX 1219
  • CARIVSIMIR 1489
  • CARLAMANVSRE 1203
  • CARLAS, in two lines 1058
  • CARLEMAIVSRE 1207, 1208
  • CARLEMANNVSII 1209
  • CARLEMANNVSREX 1215
  • CARLEMANNVSRI 1221
  • CARLEMANREX 1205, 1217
  • CARLEMANVSPE 1210
  • CARLEMANVSRE 1211,1213,1214
  • CARLENAMREX 1195
  • CARLGRATD-I 1418
  • CARLM 86, 87
  • CARLOM, in two lines 88, 89
  • CARLOMANRE 1200, 1204, 1206
  • CARLOMANRX 1199, 1201, 1202
  • CARLOMIINVS 1198
  • CARLRF, in two lines 96
  • CARLVS, in two lines 119, 124, 155, 165, 169, 243, 244, 257, 261–264, 271, 276, 278, 287, 291, 307
  • CARLVSCRACIADERE 706
  • CARLVSEXF 1103
  • CARLVSEXFR 101, 177
  • CARLVSEXR 1051
  • CARLVSIIIPERAT 1498
  • CARLVSIMP 1491, 1492
  • CARLVSIMPAVC 1464–1468,1479–1487
  • CARLVSIMPERAT 1517
  • CARLVSIMPET 1513
  • CARLVSIMPR 1488
  • CARLVSIMR 1490
  • CARLVSIMREA 1524
  • CARLVS INER AT 1506
  • CARLVSINPERA 1499–1501, 1510, 1516, 1522, 1523
  • CARLVSINPERAT 1496, 1497
  • CARLVSINPERI 1502
  • CARLVSINPR 1493
  • CARLVSINRER 1503, 1504
  • CARLVSINREV 1507
  • CARLVSNPEART 1508, 1509, 1514
  • CARLVSNPEAT 1511, 1515
  • CARLVSNPERT 1505
  • CARLVSPI 1068
  • CARLVSPIX 1438, 1439
  • CARLVSR, in three lines 156
  • CARLVSR 157
  • CARLVSRE 175, 1069, 1070, 1105, 1374
  • CARLVSREF 1373
  • CARLVSREX 188, 715, 825, 826, 848–850, 919–921, 931, 1002–1006, 1052, 1053, 1066, 1071–1076, 1078–1084, 1088, 1097, 1098, 1156, 1414, 1416, 1423–1427, 1429, 1430, 1436, 1437
  • CARLVSREXER 311, 1161
  • CARLVSREXETLANETR 643
  • CARLVSREXF 159, 160, 932, 1096, 1101, 1104,
  • CARLVSREXFR 90–95, 100, 102, 103, 106, 115, 130–132, 139a, 141, 147, 166, 172–174. 179–181, 183, 185–187, 189, 191–197, 202, 203, 207–210, 212, 220, 223, 224, 308, 309, 312, 788, 802, 803, 827, 856, 944–946, 981–983, 1049, 1056, 1057, 1063, 1064, 1067, 1077, 1087, 1090–1095, 1099, 1100, 1102, 1117, 1157–1159, 1164, 1165, 1169, 1371, 1372, 1422
  • CARLVSREXFRA 1154
  • CAROLVSREXFRAN 1375, 1376
  • CARLVSREXFRANCO 1059, 1853
  • CARLVSREXFRETLANGACPATRO M 308
  • CARLVSREXP 1050, 1065
  • CARLVSREXR 1062
  • CARLVSRPACIARE 627
  • CARLVSRXFR 178
  • CARO 83, 85
  • CAROLREX, in three lines 126
  • CAROL VS 212a, 1366–1368
  • CAROL VS, in two lines 97–99, 107–114, 117, 118, 120–123, 125, 127–129, 135, 139, 140, 143–146, 148–154, 158, 161, 162, 164, 168, 170, 171, 176, 182, 184, 190, 199–201, 204–206, 211, 213, 214, 221, 222, 225–238, 240–242, 245–256, 258, 260, 26l, 266–275, 277, 279, 280, 282–285, 288, 290, 292–294, 296–300, 303, 304, 306
  • CAROLVSIMP 1530
  • CAROLVSIMPAV 1462, 1463(?) CAROLVSINRA 1443
  • CAROLVSINRAT 1444
  • CAROLVSREAFR 988, 989
  • CAROLVSREX 622–626, 828, 829, 1167, 1357
  • CAROLVSREXCR 784
  • a CAROL VSREXEQ 1193
  • CAROLVSREXFR 784, 813, 981, 987, 990, 1037, 1166, 1400
  • CAROLVSREXPIVS 792
  • CARLVSREXR 1421
  • CAROLVSRXE 1162
  • CARTVSREX 1033
  • CLAROMVNX 1216
  • COLVSREXFR 104
  • CONRAD VS 1683
  • CRLIMANSREI 1196
  • DNHLVDOVVICVSIMPAVG 514, 515
  • DN KARLVSIM PAVGREXFETL 198, 314
  • DNKAROLVSIMAVD 315, 316
  • DNLOTARIVSIM PERAVG 593
  • DNPIPI 5
  • DNPP 3, 4
  • DOMLVDVVICVS 1176
  • DOMPIPI 53
  • FIVDOVVIC, in two lines 349
  • GRATIAD-I 1275–1277,1285,1319, 1320, 1323, 1324, 1431
  • GRATIAD-IMPER 1459, 1460
  • GRATIAD-IREX 628–641, 644–705, 707–783, 785–787, 789–791, 794–801, 804–812, 814–824, 830–847, 851–855, 857–913, 915–918, 922–930, 933–943. 947–979, 984–986b, 992–1001, 1007–1032, 1034–1036, 1038–1048, 1108, 1109, 1111–1116, 1118–1130, 1132–1151, 1225, 1235–1237, 1241, 1243, 1245–1254, 1264–1269, 1273, 1274, 1278–1284, 1286–1288, 1290, 1291–1294, 1308, 1315–1318, 1321, 1322, 1325–1337. 1344, 1345, 1358–1363. 1369. 1370, 1377–1399. 1401–1414, 1417, 1428, 1432, 1434, 1435, 15 77–1579, 1582–1606, 1613, 1615
  • GRATIAD-IREXODO 1321
  • HARNVLFVSIMP 1543
  • HARNVLFVSREX 1542
  • HCARLEMANNVSRE 1220
  • HCARLEMANVSR 1197
  • HCARLOMANREX 1218
  • HCARLVSREXF 1085
  • HCAROLVSIMP 1529
  • HCAROLVSIMPER 1525
  • HCAROLVSIM PERA 1526, 1528
  • HCAROLVSREX 1086, 1171
  • HIOTIAIVSIIEIA 524
  • HISERICORDIAD-IREX 1258
  • HISERICORIIADIIRX 1298
  • HIVDOVVICVSPIVP 595
  • HIVDOVVICVSR 1230
  • HKARLVSREIFR 1168
  • HKARLVSREXFR 1163
  • HKARLVSREXFR1 1160
  • HKAROLVSRE 1055
  • HLDOWICVSREX 1227, 1228, 1242, 1259, 1261, 1548, 1564, 1566, 1571
  • HLOTARISIMPERATO 518
  • HLOTARIVSAC 568
  • HLOTARIVSACS 566, 567
  • HLOTHAPIVSACVS 588
  • HLOTARIVSIMP 546, 555, 592
  • HLOTARIVSIMPERATOP 519, 572, 574
  • HLOTARIVSIMPERI 520
  • HLOTARIVSIMPIPIPI 531
  • HLOTARIVSIMPER 575
  • HLOTARIVSIMPERA 579
  • HLOTARIVSRIXACV 570
  • HLOTHARIVSHPEPA 521
  • HLOTHARIVSIMP 543–545. 551–553. 557. 558, 585. 586
  • HLOTHARIVSIMPAV 556, 564
  • HLOTHARIVSIMPERAT 577
  • HLOTHARIVSIMPERAVG 565
  • HLOTHARIVSREX 1183, 1186, 1187, 1187a, 1190
  • HLOTHARVSREX 1188, 1189
  • HLOTIARIVSIMPAV 559, 560
  • HLOTIARIVSIMPER 550
  • HLOTIARIVSNPE 522
  • HLOTIARVSHMP 523
  • HLVDOICVS 403, 404
  • HLVDOVICSIMPR 1175
  • HLVDOVICVSIMP 465
  • HLVDOVSNP 432
  • HLVDOVVCREX 1232
  • HLVDOVVIC 377
  • HLVDOWICI 443, 446
  • HLVDOVVICS 418
  • HLVDOVVICSIHP 339, 388
  • HLVDOVVICVS 392, 401, 402, 405, 513a, 1616, 1636, 1637
  • HLVDOVVICVS 1329
  • HLVDOVVICVSII 399
  • HLVDOVVICVSIM 345
  • HLVDOVVICVSIMAVG 372
  • HLVDOVVICVSIMD 336
  • HLVDOWICVSIMI 498, 509
  • HLVDOVVICVSIMP 320–323, 326–328, 332, 333, 335, 337, 341–344. 346, 347, 353, 354, 356–361, 363, 364, 366, 371, 373, 376, 378–381, 387, 389–391. 397, 398, 400, 406, 407, 409–412, 414–416, 419, 420, 424–430, 434, 438–440, 444, 447, 448, 450, 451, 453–458, 462, 463, 472–497, 499–508a, 1576a
  • HLVDOVVICVSIMPAC 437
  • HLVDOWICVSIMPAV 331, 375
  • HLVDOVVIC VSIM PA VC 330, 351, 352, 368–370, 396, 417, 436, 445, 449
  • HLVDOWICVSIMPAVG 374, 435, 452, 469
  • HLVDOVVICVSIMPER 421
  • HLVDOVVIC VSI N PAVG 470
  • HLVDOVVICVSIP 510
  • HLVDOVVICVSMD 340
  • HLVDOVVICVSMI 384
  • HLVDOVVICVSMP 382, 442
  • HLVDOVVICVSP 511
  • HLVDOVVICVSPEX 1226
  • HLVDOVVICVSPIVS 1550–1556
  • HLVDOVVICVSI 422
  • HLVDOVVICVSRE 1549
  • hLVDVIh, in two lines 459–461
  • HLVDVWICSIEX 1563
  • HLVIDOWICVSO 1239, 1562
  • HLVTHARIVSAGVS 562
  • HLVTHARIVSIMP 547–549, 576, 581, 584
  • HODOREXF 1272
  • HODOREXFI 1270
  • HODOREXFRAN 1271
  • HOTARIVSIIINPAT 528
  • HOTHARIVSREX 1186
  • HOVDOVVICVS 386
  • HPIPINVSREX 612
  • HROLVSPIVSREX 1433
  • HT VDOV VIC VSI M PA VC 324
  • IDOWICVSIMP 348
  • IEIREIPATORAV 1448
  • IEVTARIO 1682, 1682
  • a IILVDOVVICVSIIP 433
  • IISVIMTORII 561
  • IMPERATI 1455, 1456
  • IMPERATORA 1454
  • IMPERATORAGVST 1445
  • IMPERATORAVG 1449, 1451
  • IMPERATORI 1452, 1453, 1519
  • INPERATORACVSTVS 1441, 1442, 1450
  • IOHARIVSMAHPI 591
  • IOTAHVSIEIX 1182a
  • IOTAHVSIMXACVS 590
  • IOTAHVSIMXAGVS 575a
  • IOTAIIVSINI-IPAT 525–527. 529, 530, 542, 578
  • IOTHAPIVSPI 587
  • IOVHARIVSREX 1662
  • IVDOVVISREX 464
  • IVTARIVSHP 592a
  • KAR 295
  • KARF 305
  • KARHELMANREX 1222
  • KARLCTD 1419, 1420
  • KARLVS, in two lines 286
  • KARLVSIMPAVC 313
  • KARLVSINPER 1494, 1495
  • KARLWSIMPATOR 1518
  • KAROLVS, in two lines 163
  • Karolus monogram, in field 215–219, 302, 642, 914, 1060, 1061, 1089, 1106, 1107, 1110, 1131, 1152
  • KAROLVSAVG 1469, 1470
  • KAROLVSGRATIADIREX 793
  • KAROLVSIMP 1531
  • KAROLVSIMPAVG 105, 121a, 167, 317–319
  • KAROLVSIMPR 1471
  • KAROLVSPIVSREX 1347–1351
  • KAROLVSREX 1054, 1170, 1364, 1365
  • KAROLVSRIMPREX 1440
  • KAROLVS...VD 116
  • KARONISIMPAVG 142
  • KFR 289
  • KICOLVSPIVSREX 1346
  • KRL+RF 239
  • KRF 259
  • KVROLVSREX 1352–1356
  • LAbI 15
  • LDVCSIMP 431
  • LODOICVS 1646–1649
  • LODOVVICVSRIX 1638
  • LOHARIVSIMPERATO 516
  • LOTAPIVSACN 589
  • LOTAPIVSCPACIADI 1184
  • LOTARIIREGISINSIGNE 1191,1192
  • LOTARIVSIMPAVGV 563
  • LOTARIVSIMPERATORACVSTVS 571
  • LOTARIVSIMPIRAT 517
  • LOTARIVSREX 1185, 1681
  • LOTARIVSREXAGVSTVS 569
  • LOTARIVSRF 1680
  • LOTERIVSR 1677
  • LOTERIVSRE 1674, 1675
  • LOTERIVSREX 1666–1673, 1676, 1678, 1679
  • LOTHARII 1660
  • LOTHARIVSI 1656
  • LOTHVRIVSIMPERATO 573
  • LOTHARIVSREX 1659, 1663
  • LOTHARIVSREXIMPE 533, 535. 537–540
  • LOTHARIVSRIXIMP 532, 536
  • LOTHRIVSFX 1664
  • LOTHRV 1657
  • LOTIIVIVSIEI 1661
  • LVDOIC, in one line 395
  • LVDOVICVS 1620, 1635
  • Ludovicus, in monogram 594
  • LVDOVICVSIMPE 1180–1182
  • LVDOVICVSREX 1557–1561, 1565, 1567–1570. 1625–1634, 1650, 1651
  • LVDOVICVSRX 1618, 1619
  • LVDOVVICVS 413
  • LVDOVVICVSIIIPE 1172–1174, 1179
  • LVDOWICVSINP 1177, 1178
  • LVDOVVIC, in two lines 350, 355, 362, 365, 367. 383, 385. 393. 394, 408, 466, 467, 468
  • LVDOVVICVS 338, 1574–1576, 1617, 1621–1624, 1635, 1639–1644, 1652–1654
  • LVDOVVICVSIMPI 334
  • LVDOVVICVSIMPR 1572, 1573
  • LVDOVVICVSRE 1229
  • LVDOVVICVSREX 596,1223,1231, 1233, 1234, 1240, 1645
  • LVTHARIVSIIP 583
  • LVTHARIVSIMP 580
  • LVTNVRIVSIMP 582
  • MIRERATORAV 1446, 1447
  • MISERICORDIADEI 1296, 1300, 1311, 1314
  • MISERICORDIAD-I 1289, 1295, 1301–1303
  • MISERICORDIADIR 1312, 1313
  • MISERICORDIAD-IREX 1224, 1244, 1255, 1256, 1309, 1310
  • MISERICORDIADN 1304–1307
  • MISERICORDIADREX 1260
  • MISERICORDIARIX 1297, 1299
  • NCAROLVSIMPER 1472–1478
  • NKARLVSREIFR 1155
  • NLOTARIVSMP 554
  • NLVDOVVICVSI 512
  • NLVDOVVICVSIMP 441
  • ODDOREXFRC 1338–1343
  • ODOVVISVCIM PAVG 471
  • OTARIVSIIIRIRATO 541
  • PIΔ 7
  • PIIVSIAS 610
  • PIP1 25–27, 29, 30, 39
  • PIPINVS 28
  • PIPINVSRE 609
  • PIPINVSREX 598, 611, 613
  • PIPINVSREXE 616
  • PIPINVSREXEQ 599, 605, 605a, 606, 614, 615, 620, 621
  • PIPIREX, in field 19, 20
  • PIPPINVSREX 597, 600–605, 607, 617
  • Pippinus Rex, in monogram 608
  • PIPPINVSREXF 618, 619
  • PP 32
  • PRE 62
  • R, in field 54
  • RADHDVLFO 1614
  • RADVLFVSREX 1611, 1612
  • REXIMPERATOR 1457, 1458
  • RF 9. 33
  • RFX 265
  • RI, in field 72
  • RODESREX 1609
  • RODVLFVS 1580, 1581, 1608
  • RODVLFVSHCHT 1607
  • RODVLFVSREX 1610
  • RP, in field 1, 2,10, 11, 13, 14, 21, 23, 24, 35–37. 40–52, 55. 61, 63, 66–68, 70, 71, 73, 74, 79
  • RTP 75
  • RXF 8, 22, 34, 56, 57, 58, 60, 64, 65. 69, 76–78, 80, 81
  • RXOIEM 301
  • RXP, in field 12, 16, 17, 18, 59
  • SALOMON 1571
  • SVINDEBADREX 1544
  • TEMPVSCARLVSREX 980
  • TZVENTIBOECRE 1545

Reverse Inscriptions and General

The numbers after each entry refer to the numbers in the catalogue.

  • A 40
  • AACHEN 98, 329, 640, 641, 1184
  • AATINIACOPA 819
  • ABIPHCAS 236
  • ABRN – CAS 147
  • ADDO 55
  • ADE 42, 228
  • ADELHICPRINCES 1180
  • ADO 43
  • ADRA – DIS 123
  • AENCIANISFISC 1111
  • Agen 177–179, 1087–1089
  • AGINCIVITAS 1087
  • AGIN(N)O 177–179, 1089
  • AGINOCIVITAS 1088
  • AIETVLLO 1200
  • AIIbCAVISCIVITAS 1290
  • AIIBIAIIISCIVITAS 752
  • AIIBIANISCIVITAS 754
  • AIIIACIVIS 1208
  • AIRASICIVITAS 739
  • ALABOTESHAIN 463
  • ALEACIVIS 1209
  • ALTIEICIVITVS 1001
  • ALVDNHEIM 462
  • AM – BIAN 124
  • AMblANICCIV 764
  • AMBIANICIVIA 141
  • AMBIANIS 767
  • AMBIANISCIV 763, 766
  • AMBIANISCIVI(I) 753, 758–760, 761, 765
  • AMBIANI SCI VIT 757
  • AMBIANI SCI VIT A 756
  • AMBIANISCIVITAS 751
  • AMIANISC 1270
  • Amiens 124, 751–767, 1270
  • Ampurias 186, 424
  • ANBIAIGCIVITAS 755
  • Anchor 1
  • ANDEGAVISCIVITAS 912, 913, 1291, 1407, 1408
  • ANDEGAVISCIVITIAS 1292
  • Angers 912, 913, 1290–1293, 1407, 1408
  • ANGILBERGAIIPE 1179
  • ANGILBERGA(I)NP 1177, 1178
  • Angouléme 1612, 1646
  • ANITOCIIVIT 1611
  • ANPECAVI SCI VITAS 1293
  • ANTINIACOFISCO 819a
  • AN-UT 235
  • APIPI 39
  • AQIISCPANIPALACIA 1184
  • AQINAT 464
  • AQIS 413
  • AQISCI 1092
  • AQIS GRAN 98
  • AQISGRANIPAL 641
  • AQI – SPALA 329
  • AQITAHIA 1054, 1055
  • AQVISCRANIRAE 640
  • AQVISV(V) ASCON 414, 416
  • AQVISVRBI 614
  • AQVISVRBS 1090
  • AQVISVRDI 615
  • AQVITAIIIA 603, 604, 1051
  • AQVIT AIN A 598
  • Aquitaine 385–392, 554, 597–608, 1049–1055
  • AQVITANIA 385–390, 392, 601, 602, 1049, 1052, 1053
  • AQVITANIORVM 597, 599
  • AQITANIV 1050
  • AQITVH 391
  • AR 44, 56, 86
  • ARANIS 459
  • ARCEIITISACVIT 1351
  • ARCENTIIIACVII 1551
  • ARCENTINACVNAS 1550,1552,1554
  • Ardenburg 697
  • AR – DIS 237, 238
  • ARE 84
  • AREBATISCIVITAS 738
  • ARELACIVIS 1211, 1212, 1496–1498, 1502–1504, 1507–1509, 1512, 1652–1654
  • ARELACIVISX 1215, 1499, 1501
  • ARELACIVSX 1423
  • ARELATO 192–197, 1110
  • ARELATVM 435–442
  • ARELATVN 443
  • ARELVCI(T)A...I(S) 1500, 1506, 1515, 1516
  • AR – FIVF 239
  • ARGENTIIIACVIT 1346
  • ARGENTIINCIVITA 1350
  • ARGENTINACVITAS 1553
  • ARGENTINCIVITA 1350
  • ARHANGEMIHAEL 1181
  • ARLEACIVI (I) SX 1207, 1213–1215
  • Arles 192–198, 435–443, 1110, 1207–1215, 1423, 1496–1517, 1652–1654
  • Arnulf, King of Germany 1532–1543
  • Arras 123, 737–750, 1268, 1269, 1656, 1657
  • AR – SN – I 240
  • ARVLACIVIS 1517
  • ARVR–NIS 176
  • ATDEBATISCIVITAS 749
  • ATINACOPA 817, 818
  • ATISIODIROIVITS 992
  • ATOELARE 198
  • ATRADVS 1657
  • ATRASICIVITAS 748
  • ATREBAISCIVITAS 741
  • ATRBASCI 1656
  • ATREBASCIAI 1268
  • ATREBASCIVI 744, 745, 1269
  • ATREBASCV 746
  • ATREBATISCIV 747
  • ATREBATISCIVITAA 737
  • ATREBATISCIVITAS 740, 750
  • ATREBATISCVIT(I)S 743
  • ATREBATSCIVITAS 742
  • Attigny 817–819a
  • AV 45
  • Avallon 1015–1018
  • AVEIIATNISCIVTI 1595
  • Avignon 190
  • AVILOMISCVLV S 1639
  • AVINIO 190
  • AVITSODIROCIVITAS 1000
  • AVNVNISCASTRVN 1602
  • AVREIIANISCIVITAS 1409
  • AVRELANISCIVIT(A) 1598–1600
  • AVRELIAIIICCIVT 1596
  • AVRELIANCI 1597
  • AVRELIANIS 372, 373, 944–946
  • AVRELIANISCIVITAS 947, 948, 1321–1323
  • AVRELIANISCIVITS 949, 950
  • AVROELNSCIATA 1410
  • AVTIEICIVITVS 991
  • AVTIDIDERCIVIS 1462
  • AVTISIDEROCI 993
  • AVTISIOCERCI 995
  • AVTISIODERCIVIS 998
  • AVTISIODERCIVS 997
  • AVTISIODEROCIVI 987
  • AVTISIODEROCIVITAS 999
  • AVTISIODEROCVTAS 996
  • AVTISIODIROCIVITVS 994
  • AVTISIODEROIIV 990
  • AVTISIODIROCA 988
  • AVTISIODIROCIVI(TVS) 989, 994
  • AVTISIRECIVIT 1463
  • AVTRAMNO 47 ,
  • Autun 1009, 1010, 1198
  • Auverne 1085, 1086
  • Auxerre 987–1001, 1197, 1462, 1463
  • AX – ENT 267
  • BAB 241
  • BAICENTISCASTELI 1403
  • BAIEENTICASTR 1401
  • BAIOCASMCIVITAS 890
  • BALGENTICASTRO 1402
  • Barcelona 188, 189, 425–428
  • BARCINONA 188, 189, 426–428
  • BARCNIONA 425
  • BARRISCASTER 960
  • BARRISIICA 958
  • BARRISIIICASTEL 959
  • Bar-sur-Aube 958–974
  • BAVA(CA)CIVITAS 665
  • BAVACIVITAS 665
  • Bavai 665
  • Bayeux 887–890
  • Beaugency 1401–1403
  • Beauvais 784, 784a, 1375, 1376, 1577–1579
  • BEDERRIS 183
  • BEEVACV SCI VI 1371
  • BELCEVACASCI 784a
  • BELGEVACVSCI 784
  • BELGEVACVSCIVI 1375
  • BELGEVACVSCV 1577
  • BELIACASTRO 1113
  • BELVACVS(CIVI) 1578, 1579
  • BENEBENTVCIB(I) 1172, 1173
  • BENEBENTVM(B) 1174, n75
  • Beneventum 1172–1175
  • BERENCARIV SRIX 1537
  • BERERGARIV SRE 1539
  • B-E-R-R-R 243
  • Besanéon 168, 381, 1040, 1041
  • BESENCIONECIVITAS 1040, 1041
  • BESIAINCASTRO 925
  • BE-TE-RR-IS 182
  • BETOC 460
  • Beziers 182, 183, 1491–1493
  • BIESIANISCASTRO 926–929, 1258, 1308–1311, 1314
  • BIN – GIAC 244
  • BISTERRIS 1491, 1492
  • BISTERRI SCI V 1493
  • BITVRICAS 173–175
  • BITVRIC.. .ClVIT 1645
  • BITVRICE(S) 609, 610, 1068–1070, 1678–1680
  • BIT VRICE SCI VH 1075
  • BITVRICE SCI VI (I) 1071–1074, 1484, 1485, 1670, 1674
  • BITVRICE SCI VIS 1673
  • BITVRICE SCI VIT (A) 1328–1331, 1479–1483, 1610, 1669–1671, 1675–1677
  • BITVRICE SCI VIT A S 1672
  • BITVRICE SCI V S 1076
  • BITVRICE SCI VT 1486, 1487
  • BITVRICE SC VT 1067, 1077
  • BITVRIGES 408, 410
  • BL ... DONIS 1426, 1427
  • BLE O ONIS 1425
  • BLESIANI SC ASTRO 923, 924, 1312, 1313
  • BLLDONIS 1427
  • Blois 923–930, 1258, 1308–1314
  • BOIOIISCIVII 1428
  • BOLA 245
  • BONA 107, 108
  • Bonn 107, 108
  • Bordeaux 412, 555, 1647, 1682
  • BOSO 1262, 1263
  • Boson 1262, 1263
  • Bourges 173–175, 408–411, 609, 610, 1067–1077,1328–1331,1479–1487, 1645, 1666–1680
  • BPERTA 246
  • BPVCCIAMO 699, 700
  • BRIVCCASMON 698
  • BRIVIOVICI 1429
  • BRVDON SONT 1112
  • Bruges 698–701
  • BRVGGSMON 698
  • BRVIICSVAIAS 698
  • BVRCINONA 428
  • BVRDEGAL(V) 1647, 1682, 1682a BVRDIGALA 412, 555
  • CAI 247
  • CAIAOI ... O 1632
  • CAINONICASTRO 1631
  • CALAMONAS 856
  • CAMA – RAC VS 342
  • CAMARACVSCI 673, 674
  • CAMARACVSCIV 672
  • CAMARACVSCIVI(S) 543, 669, 671, 1544
  • CAMARACV SCVS 670
  • CAMA – RIICVS 343
  • Cambrai 2, 342, 343, 543~545> 669–674
  • CAMRACO 2
  • CANAWMMMO 703
  • CARCASONACIA 1344
  • Carcassonne 1344
  • CAREF 231
  • CARHOTIS 931
  • CARHOTISCIVITA (S) 935, 936
  • CARLE ACIVIS 1510
  • CARLM 86, 87
  • CARLOM 88, 89
  • Carloman 82–89
  • Carloman 1194–1222
  • CARL – RF 96
  • CARM 82, 84
  • CARN 17
  • CARNOAS 155
  • CARNOTAS 154
  • CARNOTIS 153, 156
  • CARNOTISCIVITA(I) 938, 1591
  • CARNOTISCIVITAS(I) 932–934, 937 1315
  • CARO 83, 85
  • CARO – LVS 226–238, 240–242, 245–256, 258, 260, 261
  • CAROUSVER 689a CARRAS 251
  • CART 16
  • CARTISCIVITAS 1592, 1593
  • CASEICIITA 1432
  • Cassel 707, 708
  • CASSELLOAV 707
  • CASSELLOMON 708
  • CASTBARRISI 972
  • CASTELBARSI 967
  • CASTELDVN 160
  • CASTELIBARIS 971
  • CASTELLATS 975
  • CASTELLOMILED 864
  • Castel Seprio 212a
  • CASTISAVAIOI 1018
  • CASTISAVALONIS 1015
  • CASTISAVALONS 1016
  • CASTISAVVIONS 1017
  • CASTISIIANEON 1194
  • CASTISNANDO(N)IS 951, 953
  • CASTISPRVVINIS 1254
  • CASTLBAR(R)ISI 968, 973, 974
  • CASTRALOC(I)MO 1443, 1444
  • CASTRAMONETA 1115
  • CASTRELATSIS 978
  • CATRELATTS 977
  • CAS – TRIC 162
  • CASUSELTLOI 1519
  • CATAAVN 1390
  • CATAIAVNISCIT 823
  • CATAIAVNISCVTAT 824
  • CATALAVNISCI(V) 821, 822
  • CATALAVNISCIVITAS 820
  • CATVRICIS 620
  • CAVIIONCIVITAS 1326
  • CAVIIONISCIVIS 1475
  • CAVILONCIVT 1663
  • CAVILONIC 1033
  • CAVILONIS 1478
  • CAVILONISCIVIC 1327
  • CAVILONISCIV(S) 1034–1036, 1476
  • CAVILONISCIVLVS 1640
  • CAVILONVM 378
  • CAVIONIISCI 1641
  • CAVIONISGI 1642
  • CAVNOHISCIVIS 1473
  • CAVNONISCIV (I) S 1035, 1472, 1474, 1477
  • CERVIAMONETA 662
  • Chélons-sur-Marne 820–824, 1390
  • Chalon-sur-Saéne 378, 1033–1036, 1326,1327,1472–1478,1639–1642, 1663
  • Charlemagne 90–319
  • Charles, late ninth century issues in the name of an emperor Charles 1440–1531
  • Charles II, the Bald 622–1171
  • Charles the Child, King of Aquitaine 1193
  • Charles the Simple 1346–1439
  • Chartres 16–18, 152–156, 931–938, 1315, 1591–1593
  • Chateaudun 157–160, 939–943, 1316–1320, 1594
  • Chateau-Landon 951–953, 1194, 1601–1604
  • Chelles 856–860
  • Chtévres 662
  • CHIMIRIACOV 1116
  • Chinon 922, 1631, 1632
  • CHOGIS 252
  • Chur 322
  • CIAGVIS 180
  • CIINDAVVM 706
  • CIIOIIAIIISCVI ... TAP 1404
  • CINMA 50
  • CINODANISCIVITAS 1405
  • CINOINM 144
  • CINOMAINSCIVITAS 909
  • CINOMANI 143
  • CINOMANISCIVI 907
  • CINOMANISCIVITAS 905, 906, 908–910
  • CINONISCIVIS 922
  • CI – PRH 51
  • CIVARCRAT 1
  • CIVEXMC – VIS 1117
  • CIVIARGE 96
  • CIVIONICASTRE 1026
  • CIVIONISCIVIS 1025
  • CIVISAVTISSIDER 1197
  • CIVITASTPECAS 957, 1260
  • CIVTASSVESSIOI 1377
  • CIXIAGIS 1094
  • CLAROMIIN 1080, 1081, 1083
  • CLAROMIIIT 1078, 1079, 1084
  • CLAROMONTI 1681
  • Clermont 176, 1078–1084, 1681
  • CLLLTALONOVO 312
  • CLS 249, 250
  • CLUROMANT 1082
  • CN 52
  • COIONANOIIETA 531
  • Cologne 106, 338–341, 531–534. 1352–1356, 1557–1561
  • CO-LONIA 106, 339–341, 1561
  • COLONIACIVITAS 532, 543
  • COLONNECIVITAS 533
  • Compiégne 788–791, 1275
  • CONATOMONETA 666
  • CON – DAT 113
  • CONDATOMONE 668
  • CONDATOMOETA 667
  • Condé-sur-l'Escaut 113, 666–668
  • CONPEDIOPALCI 791
  • CONPEDIVPALAT 788
  • CONPEIDIOPALATIO 1275
  • CONPENDIOPALACIO 789, 790
  • Conradthe Pacific 1683
  • Corbie 770, 771, 1244, 1271, 1272
  • CORBIENSI (S) 1271, 1272
  • CORSTAC 99
  • Courtrai 709, 710
  • Coutances 893, 894
  • C ... RCENTIMACIVITO 1347
  • CREF 231
  • CRRAIINICIVITAS 561
  • CUIL 917
  • CVNISCASTLLI 1594
  • CVRIA 322
  • CVRTISASOHIEH 903
  • CVRTISASONIEH 902, 1289
  • CVRTISASONIEN 895–900, 1590
  • Curtisassonien 895–903, 1289, 1590
  • CVRTISONIENS 901
  • CVRTRIACO 709
  • CVRTRIACOCIVES 710
  • CWVSCO 49
  • DALATINAMONE 1225
  • Dax 180, 413–416, 614, 615, 1090–1094
  • DEFISCOCVRINIO 1118
  • DEO-NEII hi DEO-THAN 112
  • Deux-Jumeux 891, 892
  • Dijon 1023–102 7
  • Dinant in, 112, 649–654, 1616
  • DISTIANAPIO 592a
  • DIVIIOICASTIRE 1027
  • DIVIIONISCASTRE 1023, 1024
  • DIVIOH 1216
  • DMAANGILBERGA 1176
  • DNAASNWNOVA 595
  • DNI-SVS 253
  • DOM – PIPI 53
  • DORESTADO 100–105, 642
  • Dorestadt 99–105, 330–337, 521–530, 642, 643
  • DORESTATVMON 529
  • DORESTATVS 330–334, 336, 521–524
  • DORESTATVSMON 337, 525–528, 530
  • DOR – STAD 10
  • D – PISTIANADIIIOI 578
  • DRISVS 254
  • DVINSCASTILLOI 1317, 1318
  • DVNISCASTEL(L)OI 942, 943, 1316 1319, 1320
  • DVNISCASTIRIOI 939
  • DVNISCASTLL(I) 940, 1594a DVN(N)0(S) 157–159
  • DVNOCASTERO 941
  • DVOSIEMELLISMONT 892
  • DVOSIEMLLISMT 891
  • ?NPIPI 5
  • ?NPP 3
  • EAC 38
  • EBROCA SCI VITAS 883, 884
  • EBROICASCI VITAS 882
  • ECA SCI VITAS 1414
  • ECOLISINA 255
  • EDORESTATVS 335
  • EDVACIVITHS 1198
  • EGOLIS(S)IME 1612, 1646
  • EIA 256
  • ELI – MO – SINA 53
  • EMISCI VITAS 1382
  • ENVICODEONIT 651
  • EQUITANIORVM 600
  • ERF 233
  • ERI 54
  • Estinnes 663
  • Etampes 1411, 1412
  • ETLANGACPATROM 308
  • Evreux 882–884
  • EXMEALONOVO 311
  • EXMETALLONOVO 309, 310
  • FANVMMARII 1120
  • FIVDOWIO 349
  • Florence 225
  • FLO – RENT 225
  • F-Q28
  • GADDO 55
  • GANDAWUM 704
  • GAVDAWMMONE 702
  • GARGENTINACIVITD 1349
  • GENCLIACOPOR 1121
  • GER – VASI 257
  • GERVNDA 187
  • Ghent 702–706
  • Girone 187
  • GWDAIIAM 705
  • h – A 29
  • HADTVRECVM 596
  • HALIVERNACIVES 1085, 1086
  • Ham 678, 679
  • HAMOCASTEIIO 678
  • HAMOMOIIEIA 679
  • HBAIOCASCIVITAS 887, 888
  • HBARCASTEL(S) 965, 966
  • HBLESIANISCASTRO 930
  • HCSOVINICIVIIT 886
  • HINFISCOBASTONIC 1123
  • hLVDVIn 459–461
  • HNOVIOMVILLA 804
  • HOCISIMIOIIITA 542
  • HOGISEMONETA 541
  • HREDONISCIVITAS 1045, 1046
  • HTIROHESCI VI VTVS 1297, 1299
  • HTVRICESCIVIT 1668
  • HTVRONESCITIAS 1304
  • HTVRONESCIVITAS 915–917, 1295, 1298, 1302
  • HVICOHOIO 656
  • Huy 541. 542. 655. 656, 1231–1234
  • IBAIOCASCIVTS 889
  • I – BAROCASTELI 961–964
  • IBRIVIOVICO 1430
  • ICA – I (VI) 247, 248
  • ICAQVIS 1093
  • I – CASTELIBAR(I) S 969, 970
  • I – CASTISNANDON 952
  • ICVRTISASONIEN 895–900
  • ICVSTANCIEN 893
  • ICUSTENSISONEN 894 ... IE ... OOIIIS 1424
  • IE – SON 168
  • IETTISCIVITAS 1358
  • IIA 48
  • II-A-S-S 201
  • IICIITIACITAS 1555
  • IIETTISCIVIT (AS) 1359–1361, 1363
  • IIILIDVNCATRO 1662
  • IIIQ-OIII 57
  • IIIVICOHAIIVCIO 1239
  • IIIVICONAMVCO 1562
  • IIOSOIIOIIOIMT 694
  • IIPIPI 30, 31
  • IISVIMTORII 561
  • IlUb – IAO 278
  • IL – EN 58
  • IMOVICASCIVI 1333
  • INFISCOVENDRNT 1124
  • INIISCOVFIDRNT n25
  • INPAPIACIVITAS 1538
  • INPORTORRIITO 644
  • INPORTOTR(I)ECTO 1441, 1442
  • INPVRIAS 186, 424
  • INSCOCIV 258
  • INTERCI(II)S 1469, 1470
  • INVICODEONANT 649
  • INVICODEONINII 652
  • INVICODEONINV 653
  • INVICODNV 1616
  • INVICOHAMVCO 657
  • INVICOHOBIO 1233
  • INVICOHODMO 1234
  • INVICOHOGIO 1231
  • INVICOHOIO 1232
  • INVICOIIVIIITO 1128
  • INVICONAMVCO 1235–1237
  • INVICONANVCO 1238
  • INCICOTRIIECTO 1226
  • INVICOVIOSATO 1227–1230
  • INVICOVIOTO 1126
  • INVICOVIOVIEO 1127
  • IOTREMSISMO 861
  • IOTRENSISINOI 863
  • IOTRENSISM 861, 862
  • IROD-ANI 259
  • ITVRICRIG(E) 409, 411
  • IVGDVNOCLA 798
  • IVOCICASTELLO 1128a
  • IVQVITAIIA 554
  • Jouarre 861–863
  • KAIIARACASIVS 544
  • KALAMONARE 857
  • KALAMONASTE(RI) 857, 858
  • KANARACASCIVS 545
  • KAR – F 305
  • KLAMNTR 859, 860
  • KRL – RF 239
  • LAbI 15
  • Langres 163, 1019–1022, 1471, 1609, 1636–1638
  • Laon 12, 13, 127–130, 792–800, 1276
  • LATISIOCASTE 976, 979
  • LAVDVH 129
  • LAVDVII 127, 128
  • LAVDVNO 130
  • LEDCIIVIST A 465
  • LEM 260, 261
  • LeMans 143, 144, 905–911, 1404, 1405
  • LeMontLassois 975–979
  • LENNISFISCO 1461
  • Lens 736, 1461
  • LEO é DICO no
  • LEPTINASFISCO 663
  • Letalou 881
  • LEUTBRA 85
  • LICSOVIVSCIVI 885
  • Liege no
  • LIMODICAS 611, 613
  • Limoges 611–613, 1201, 1202, 1332–1336, 1421, 1422
  • LIMOVICAS 1335, 1336
  • LIMOVICASCIVI (S) 1332, 1421, 1422
  • LIMOVIC A SCVS 1334
  • LIMOVIX 612
  • LIMOVIXCIVIS 1202
  • LIMOVXCIVIS 1201
  • LINCNCVTS 1609
  • LINCONISCVTS 1636, 1637
  • LINGONIS 163
  • LINGONISCIVI 1021, 1022, 1638
  • LINGONISCIVITAS 1471
  • Lisieux 885, 886, 1400
  • LIXO VIVSCIV 1400
  • LIXO VIV SCI VITAXS 885
  • LINGONISCIVIS 1020
  • LNGONI SCIAIS 1019
  • Lothaire 516–593
  • LothaireIIofLorraine 1183–1192
  • Lothaire 1656–1682
  • Louisthe German 594–596
  • LouisithePious 320 -515
  • LouisIIofItaly 1172–1182
  • LouisII the Stutterer or Louis IIIofNeustria 1223–1261
  • LouisIV D'Outremer orLouisV 1616–1655
  • LouisIV the Child 1546–1571
  • Louisthe Blind 1572–1576
  • LV 59
  • LVCA 221–223, 454
  • Lucca 221–223, 454
  • LVCDVNICIAVATI 795
  • LVCDVNICIV (IS) 1037, 1039, 1644
  • LUDCVNICLAVATI 797
  • LVG 24, 87, 164
  • LVGDVN ... IA 165, 800
  • LVGD VNICIVIS 1038
  • LVGDVNICLAVATI 792, 794, 796, 799, 1276
  • LVGDVNVM 166, 167, 379, 380
  • LVGDVNVS 1683
  • Lyon 24,164–167,379,380,1037–1039, 1644, 1683
  • AENONNISFI SCO 736
  • APIPI 39
  • Maastricht 109, 535–540, 644–648, 1226, 1441, 1442
  • Macon 1643, 1664, 1665
  • M – AI – C – N 264
  • MAIDICIVITA 1589
  • Mainz 90–93, 321, 594, 1532, 1533, 1546–1548
  • MAR – CS 60
  • Marsal 1243
  • MARSALLOVICO 1243
  • Marseille 199–203, 444
  • M – A – SL – S 200
  • M – A – S – S 199
  • MASSILIA 202, 203, 444
  • MATISCINSECT 1665
  • MATISCNSIV 1664
  • MATISCOCIVITAS 1643
  • Maubeuge 664
  • MAV – RIHP 266
  • MAVRIIIVAHEVAI 786
  • MAVRIIIVAIEVN 787
  • MAVRINIANEVAI 785
  • MAVRINVAIEVNI 787
  • MAX – ENT – S 267
  • Mayenne 904
  • MCSCO 270
  • M – D – C – G 265
  • Meaux 362–364, 848–855, 1397–1399, 1589, 1661
  • MEDENASVITCVSI 904
  • MEDENSVITCVSI 1129
  • MEDIEMATRICIS 550
  • MEDIOL 211, 212, 558
  • MEDIOLANVM 449–451
  • MEDIOLANVMCIVIS 1536
  • MEDIOMATRIC 346
  • MEDIOMATRICORV(I) 547, 549
  • MEDIOMATRICORVM 548
  • MEDOCVS 268
  • MEIbISCIAIS 1397
  • MEIICISCIVIVO 1661
  • MELBODIOMT 664
  • MELDIIAIS 1399
  • MELDIS(CIV) 362–364, 849, 850
  • MELDISCIVITAS 851–855
  • MELICIVIS 1398
  • Melle 172, 393–407, 606–608, 1056–1066, 1199–1200, 1372
  • Melun 864, 865, 1662
  • MENTALLVII 405
  • MEPS-61
  • MESTALLVII 405
  • MTALL – GERMAN 313
  • METALLVM 394–403, 406, 1056, 1057
  • METALVVM 407
  • ME – TT – IS 117, 345, 1620
  • METTISCI VIS 1618, 1619
  • METTISCIVITAS 1186, 1242, 1362, 1446–1448, 1617
  • METVLLO 172, 606–608, 1058–1066, 1199
  • METVLVM 404
  • Metz 117, 345, 346, 547–550, 1186, 1241, 1242, 1358–1363, 1446–1448, 1617–1620
  • MF 227
  • MGVISCIVE 1091
  • Milan 211, 212, 449–451, 558, 1536
  • MILIDVNNDIEI 865
  • MILO 62
  • MLTTISCIVITAS 1241
  • MOCONCIAECIVIT 1533, 1548
  • MOCONCIVECIVIT 1532
  • MOGONCIVECIVIT 1532
  • MOGONTIA 90–93, 594
  • MOGONTIACIVT 1546, 1547
  • MO – GON – TIA – CVS 321
  • MONETAINNIGELLA 1130
  • MONETALVGDVNICL 172
  • Mons 1443, 1444
  • MONTLVGDVNICLAVAT 793
  • MON(T)SNAZ 1418–1420
  • Morienval 785–787
  • MOSOMOMON 693
  • MOSOMOMONIT 692
  • MOSOMOMOMMT 696
  • MOSOMOMOTA 690, 695
  • MOS – WO 269
  • Mouzon 690–696
  • MVNVS DIVINVM 514, 515
  • MVSOMOMOMTA 691
  • NA – IIIV 271
  • NAMNETISCIVITAS 1047, 1048
  • NAMNETVN 383, 384
  • NAMOMOIEIA 679
  • Namur 657, 658, 1235–1239, 1562, 1563
  • NANDONISCASTLII 1604
  • NANDONISCASTR(V)M 1603
  • NANOONISCASTRVN 1601
  • Nantes 383, 384, 1047, 1048
  • NARBONA 185, 430–432, 1107
  • Narbonne 184, 185, 430–432, 1107
  • NBAERNISCVN 1006
  • NΔI ... DEONTIIII 650
  • NE 63
  • NEVECNISCVC 1635
  • NEVERNISCI VIS 1008
  • NEVERNISCIVIT 1464, 1467, 1608, 1633
  • NEVERNISCIVITAI 1003, 1004, 1465, 1466
  • NEVERNISCIVITAS 1007
  • NEVERNISCVITAI 1002
  • NEVERNISCV S 1005
  • NEVERNI SCVT(A) 1468, 1634
  • Nevers 1002–1008, 1464–1470, 1608, 1633–1635
  • NIDONISCSTIIM 1345
  • Nimes 1494, 1495
  • NIMISCIVIS 1495
  • NIOVIIVOM 803
  • Nivelle 659–661
  • NIVIALLAVICW 660
  • NIVIELIAVICVS 659
  • NIVIELLAVICV 661
  • NIWI SCIVISX 1494
  • NOVICODEONIII 654
  • NO – VIMO – MO 14
  • NOVIOM 802
  • NOVIOMUSCIVITAS 1278
  • Noyen 14
  • Noyon 802–804, 1278
  • NR 64
  • NRBO 184
  • NT – TRA – NO 234
  • NVICONAMVCO 658, 1563
  • NVIENTVSCASTR 1613
  • OdALRICVS 272
  • Odo 1264–1345
  • OINOA 65
  • OLONA 338
  • O – MAC – CS 66
  • ONWCAVP 1131
  • Orleans 372, 373, 944–950, 1321–1324, 1409, 1410, 1595–1600
  • OSTE VNISCIVIS 1010
  • OSTE VNI SCI VITAS 1009
  • OVHITOWICV 728
  • OVIIIVOVIV 727
  • OVVENTOV 726
  • OVVEVTOVVIC(I) 721, 722
  • P/ADEL/R 1181
  • PAIATHAMON 638
  • PAITHIA 1182a
  • Palace 320, 516–520, 622–639, 1193, 1223–1225, 1264–1267
  • PALATINAMION 636
  • PALATINAMO 639, 1266
  • PALATINAMOHEAT 624
  • PALATINAMOIE 1193
  • PALATINAMOIEAT 623
  • PALATINAMONE 629, 630, 632–634, 1264, 1265, 1267
  • PALATINAMONET 626, 631, 1224
  • PALA – TINAMO – NET A 320, 516, 517–519, 625, 628, 1223
  • PALATINAMONITA 520
  • PALATINAMOT 637
  • PALATINANOME 635
  • PAPIA 207–210, 445–447, 556, 557, 1518
  • PAPIACIVIT A 448
  • PARIISII 1394
  • Paris 360, 361, 825–838, 1251–1253, 1283–1285, 1391–1395, 1582–1585
  • PARISCIVITA 1251, 1391, 1395, 1582–1585
  • PARISH 360, 361, 825, 826
  • PARISIICIIITAS 829
  • PARISIICIVIIS 838
  • PARISIICI VIT (A) 1284, 1285
  • PARISIICIVITAS 827, 828, 830–836, 1252, 1253, 1283
  • PARISSIVI 1392
  • PARM(A) 205, 206
  • Parma 204–206
  • PATNIAIIONE 627
  • Pavia 207–210, 445–448, 556, 557, 1518, 1538, 1539
  • PECTAVO 605
  • Péronne 768
  • PERRONENSI SMO 768
  • PETREPONTEM 1245
  • PETRIPONTENO 801
  • PF 6
  • PICIIANAPELICIO 315, 316
  • PIΔ 7
  • Pierrepont 801, 1245
  • PINCIVS 1614
  • PIPI 25–28, 30, 31, 39
  • PIPINYS 28
  • PI – PI – REX 19
  • Pippini or II of Aquitaine 597–621
  • Pippin the Short 1–81
  • PI – REII 20
  • Pisa 224
  • PISA 224
  • PISIIANARILIGIO 1529
  • PISTIANAREIICIO 1216,1526,1527, 1531
  • PORCOCASTELLO 1132
  • Poitiers 605
  • PORTAVIENS 1133
  • PP 32
  • PPhA 29
  • P – R – A – M 204
  • PRE 62
  • PRISVS 273
  • Provins 1254
  • PTREFER 3, 5
  • PxF 67
  • PxP 29
  • QVANTOVVICO 1371
  • QVCIITOVICO 349
  • Quentovic 121a, 349–354, 715–728> 1371
  • QVENTOVICI 720
  • QVENTOV(V)IC(VS) 350–353
  • QVENTVVICVS 715
  • QVENTVVIC 121 a
  • QVETNOVVICI 719
  • QVINTOVICVS 354
  • QVVENTOVVIC(I) 716–718, 723
  • QVVERITOVVICIV 725
  • R 70
  • RAI 71
  • RALATINAMONE 622
  • Raoul 1577–1615
  • RATIOMONETA 1139
  • Ratisbon 323, 1534
  • RAVCIMONETE 1136
  • RAVCIOPALACII 1141
  • RAVCIOPALACIO 1143, 1144
  • RAYCIOPALA S 1140
  • RAVCIOPALATIOA 1137
  • RAVCIPALATINA 1142
  • RAV – DIO 274
  • R – C 263
  • RCTVIIAOVSCIVIIII 872
  • RED(O)NIS 169, 170, 382
  • REDONSCIVTA 1044
  • REDONSCVTS 1043
  • R – E – D – S 279
  • REGA – NESB – VRG 323
  • Regensburg 323, 1534
  • REGINACIVITAS 1534
  • RE – CNT 134
  • REIMSCIVIS 358
  • REM 15, 135
  • REM – CIVIT 133
  • REMEI – RODO 275
  • REMICA ... AI 1384
  • REMICIVI 1660
  • REMICIVITAS 356
  • REMISCIVIS 355, 357
  • REMISCIVITA(I) 1381, 1383
  • REMISCI VITAS 813–816,1246–1250, 1281, 1282, 1379, 1382, 1385–1387, 1389
  • REMISCVITAS 1379
  • Rennes 169–171, 382, 1042–1046
  • RER 6
  • RETHONDES 812
  • RF 25, 33, 34, 68, 69, 226
  • RF – P – R – A – M 204
  • Rheims 15, 133–35, 355–359, 813–816, 1246–1250, 1281, 1282, 1379–1389, 1660
  • RI 72
  • RIAVVSCASII 1615
  • RIEMSCIVIS 359
  • RIMISCIVITAS 1388
  • RISTIANAREIICIO 1525
  • RMESCIVITAS 1380
  • Roda 429
  • RODDA 429
  • ROD – LAN 276
  • RODMAGVM 142
  • ROD – OM 140, 171
  • RODOMCICIT 1630
  • RODOMCIFIT 1625
  • ROIEM 301
  • ROTANISCIVITAS 697, 877
  • ROTOMAGVS 141, 365
  • ROTOMCIVIT(I)(A) 1626, 1627, 1629
  • ROTOMOI VIT 1628
  • ROTVHACVSCII 873
  • ROTVHACVSCIVII 874–876
  • ROTVHAGVSCIVII 871
  • ROTVHCVSCIVI 868
  • ROTVICVSCIVI 867
  • ROTVIIACVSCV 866
  • ROTVM ACV SCI VI (II) 869
  • ROTVMAGVS 366
  • ROTVN ACV SCI V (11) 870, 880
  • ROTVNDASCELLA 812
  • Rouen 140–142, 365, 366, 866–880, 1625–1630
  • RP 1, 2, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 17, 21, 23, 24,26–28,29,31,35,36–38,40–41, 42, 43–57, 55, 58,-60, 63, 66–68, 70, 71, 73, 74, 79
  • RRVCCIVIMONT 701
  • RRVDVNSNT 1114
  • RTP 18, 27, 30, 75
  • RVF 232
  • RVLLOCIVITAS 1134
  • RWCIMONET A 1135, 1138
  • RWNRITATIVS 1138a
  • SAI 461
  • SAINTES 1648, 1649
  • SAISSIOCIVIIVS 1378
  • SAK 72
  • SALOMON 1571
  • SANT 280
  • SCAIDTMNT 1012
  • SCA All ... TNMO 782
  • SCAMAR(IA) 13, 131, 132, 287
  • SCEMARIEM 1277
  • SCE – MIR 282
  • SCE – MRE 284
  • SCI 3
  • SCIAIIDTMNT ion, 1013
  • SCIANIAI 88
  • SCIAVDOMARI 1369
  • SCI-Cl 75
  • SCICI – RICI 73
  • SCICRUCI(S) 76, 89, 285
  • SCAIONASIM 1288
  • SCIAIONISII 1587, 1588
  • SCIAIONVM(I) 846, 847
  • SCI AIONVSII(M) 842–845, 1286, 1287, 1396, 1586
  • SCIAIONVSIM 840, 841
  • SCIDVONISII 139 a
  • SCI – FIRH – II 10
  • SCI – FIRMI – NI 125, 126
  • SCIFVRSEICASTELLO 769
  • SCIFVRSI 1273
  • SCIGAVGERICIM(O) (N) 675–677, 1445
  • SCIGF 74
  • SCIMAR(A) 12, 76a SCIMAR(I) 281, 286
  • SCIMARTINI 19, 20
  • SCIMARTINIMONETA 919–921
  • SCIMATISI 148
  • SCI – MAVR 288
  • SCI – MA(U)R 286, 288
  • SCIMA(R)T(I)N(I) 150, 151
  • SCIMEDARDIMOIIT 811
  • SCIMRTINI 149
  • SCIMRVCI 289
  • SCINAZARIMONEA 1014
  • SCI-PERI 11
  • SCIPETRIMONETA 770, 1244
  • SCIPTRNOMETE 771
  • SCIPHILIBERTIMONETA 1191
  • SCIPHILIBERTION 1192
  • SCIQVHHHTMOE 779
  • SCIQVINTIIIMO 783
  • SCIQVINTINIMO 772, 773, 1274
  • SCIQVINTINIMONET 775
  • SCIQVINTINMO 774, 781
  • SCIQVITINMOET 778
  • SCIQVITNNIMONET 777
  • SCIQVITNNNIMOIET 776
  • SCIQVNITINMONT 780
  • SCIQVTTNNN 776
  • SCISEBASTIANIM 1145
  • SCISTEPH ANIMONE 1146
  • SCI – TRV – DO 290
  • S – CIWEDARDOHT 811
  • SCA All ... TNMO 782
  • SCMAPIAPCI – D 137, 139
  • SCMARIAREMR 136, 138
  • SCOLOINAA 1557
  • SCOLONAA 1558
  • SCOLONIAA 1352–1354, 1559
  • SCOLONIIA 1356, 1560
  • SCO – NIS 291
  • SCO – SEF 77
  • SCS – AO 78
  • SEBRIO 212a Semur 1417
  • SEN 292
  • Senlis 1370
  • SENNES 94, 95
  • SENOIS 22, 23
  • SENONES 374–377, 1415, 1416
  • SENONESCIVITA(S) 980–986, 1325
  • SENONESVRBS 1261
  • SENONISCIVITAS 1607
  • Sens 22, 23, 374–377, 980–986b, vi261, 1325, 1415, 1416, 1607
  • SILVAIECTIS 1370
  • SIMEMVROCASTRO 1417
  • SITAIIIICII 1556
  • SIVICAIIIA 1210
  • SLVA 293
  • SOCOEOMR 283
  • Soissons 805–810, 1279, 1280, 1377, 1378, 1580, 1581, 1658, 1659
  • SOLONIA 1355
  • SO – TA 79
  • SPE 294
  • SR – R 296, 297
  • S – R – V – C – 1295
  • STAMbIS 1411
  • STAMPISCASTELLVM 1412
  • STAMPISCATELI 1605
  • STAPISCASTRA 1606
  • Star 2
  • STOT – TEN – BVRG 328
  • Strassburg 1, 96, 97, 324–328, 1183, 1346–1351, 1440, 1550–1556
  • STRATBVRG 97
  • STRATBVRGVS 326, 327
  • STRAZBCIVITAS 1183
  • STRAZBVRG 324
  • Substantione 1205, 1206
  • SVESOICIVITVS 809
  • SVESSIIO 1580, 1581
  • SVESSIOCIVITAS 805–808, 1279, 1280, 1658
  • SVI 1576
  • SVSTANCIONE 1205, 1206
  • St. Andoche 1011–1013
  • STCMAS 1648, 1649
  • St. Denis 139a, 840–847, 1286–1288, 1396, 1586–1588
  • St. Firmin 10, 125, 126
  • St. Fursy 769, 1273
  • St. Gery 675–677, 1445
  • St. Marie 12, 13, 131, 132, 136–139, 1277
  • St. Martin 19, 20, 148–151, 919–921
  • St. Medard 811
  • St. Nazaire 1014, 1418–1420
  • St. Omer 1369
  • St. Pierre 11, 770, 771, 1244
  • St. Quentin 772–783, 1274
  • TAIONESCLVITAS 918
  • TALAVMONETA 881
  • TARBISIO 559
  • TARVENNACI 711
  • TARVENNACIV(T) 712–714
  • TARVIS 218, 220
  • TARVIS(I)0 215–217, 219
  • TARVISIVM 452, 453
  • TARVISIVS 213, 214
  • TERTIVSIMP 1519, 1520
  • Therouanne 711–714
  • Thun 1373, 1374
  • TIEICASICITAS 1259
  • TIVIIOCIVITAV 681
  • TNERASCIVITAS 1149
  • TOLOSA 1097, 1098
  • TOLOSACI(VI) 616–619, 1099, 1100, 1102–1105,1203,1204,1337_1343, 1488–1490, 1650, 1651
  • TOLOSACIVITAS 420–423
  • TOLSACIVI 1095, 1096
  • TOLVSA 181, 417, 418, 489
  • TOLVSACIVI 419, 1100–1103, 1343
  • TONNERRE 1028–1032
  • TOPNETEMSI 729
  • TORENACIVIT 1433
  • TORIIAIIDORIT 1029
  • TORRIIAIPORT 1460
  • TORNACO 3, 122
  • TORNAIIPORTI 1459
  • TORNETREMSI 1031
  • TORNOCROCVSIRO 1030
  • TORNODORCASTEL 1032
  • TORNODOROASTEI 1028
  • TOROTIMENLNI 1655
  • Toul 680–682, 1364, 1365, 1535, 1567–1569
  • Toulouse 181, 417–423, 616–619, 1095–1106, 1203, 1204, 1337–1343, 1488–1490, 1650, 1651
  • Tournai 122, 729, 1459, 1460
  • Tours 56–58, 145–147. 367–371. 553. 914–918, 1255–1257, 1294–1307, 1406
  • TPRICETINSIIMON 537
  • TRACTEHSMIION 540
  • TRE 114
  • TRECASCIVI 1413
  • TREC A SCI VITAS 954–956, 1195
  • TREFER 4, 7
  • TREVER 116
  • TREVERIS 115, 344, 1185, 1240, 1357, 1564–1566
  • TREVERISCIVI 546
  • TREVERISCIVITAS 1545
  • Treviso 213–220, 452, 453, 559
  • TRHCTOVERRIIIOH 539
  • TRI-CAS 21
  • TRICASCIVITS 1196
  • TRICETENSEMONI 535
  • Trier 3–7, 114–116, 344, 546, 1185, 1240, 1357, 1564–1566
  • TRI – G 161
  • TRIGETENSEMON 647
  • TRI – IECT 109
  • TRIIETINSEMONE 536
  • TRIIETOMONETA 648
  • TRIIETTENSEMOI 646
  • TRIIETTOMON 645
  • TRIODOROSTEI 1147
  • TRNCTEHSMIION 540
  • TRNCTEHSPHION 538
  • Troyes 21, 161, 162, 954–957, 1195, 1196, 1259, 1260, 1413, 1414
  • TUEIISCIVITAS 1150
  • TVLLO 1364, 1365, 1567–1569
  • TVLLOCIVITAS 680, 682, 1535
  • TVNIERASCIVITAS 1148
  • TVNNIS 1373, 1374
  • TVNONESCR ... TA 1406
  • TVRAIS 146
  • TVRHESCIVITAS 1307
  • TVRNACO 298
  • TVRNACOCIVIT 1459
  • TVRNIS 145
  • TVROMESCI VITAS 1306
  • TVRONES 367–371, 553
  • TVRONESCIVITAS 1255–1257, 1296 1300, 1301, 1303, 1305
  • TVRONIS 147, 914
  • TVRONISCIVITAS 1294
  • TW – ANNA 299
  • UICO – S 81
  • VALENCIAHISROT 732
  • VALENCIANIIS 734
  • VALENCIANIS 733, 735
  • VALENCIANI SPORT 730
  • VALENCIANISRT 731
  • Valenciennes 730–735
  • VCE – CIA 303
  • VCECIVSCI VIS 1522
  • VCRIASIER 1152
  • VE – BON 80
  • VENDENISCASTRO 1434, 1435
  • VENECIA(S) 456–458, 560
  • VENECIASMONETA 455
  • Venice 455–458, 560
  • VENIOCIV 1574
  • VENNA 434
  • Verdun 8, 9, 118–121, 347, 348, 551, 552, 683–689, 1187–1189, 1366–1368, 1449–1458, 1621--1624
  • VESONTIVM 381
  • VESSNCIVTIVS 810
  • VI 1575
  • VIATADERAIX 1138a
  • V – I – C – E 304
  • VICOdVRISTAT 643
  • Vienna 191, 433
  • ViennaCIAIS 1572
  • ViennaCIVIS 1108, 1109, 1262, 1263,1573
  • Vienne 191, 433, 434, 1108, 1109, 1262, 1263, 1572-1576a VIL – REC 301
  • VIPDVNICIVITAS 1449
  • VIR – DAH 8
  • VIRDVIIICVITS 1367
  • VIRDVN(S) 118–121
  • VIRDVNCIVI 687
  • VIRDVNCIVITAS 683,684,1451,1624
  • VIRDVNCIVITAS 1366
  • VIRDVNICIVITAS 1450, 1458, 1621, 1622
  • VIRDVNICIV (ITS) 1452–1456
  • VIDVNIDVI 1623
  • VIRICVNC ... VIS 1368
  • VIRIDVNICIV(IS) 686, 1453–1456
  • VIRIDVNVM 347, 348
  • VIRIDVNVMCIVI 685, 689
  • VIRIDVNVMCIVIS 551, 552, 1187, 1189
  • VIRIDVNVMCVI(S) 1188, 1457
  • VIRIRVNVMCIVIS 1187a
  • VIR-O-VP9.
  • Vise 1227–1230
  • VITAETVICTORIA 593
  • VLE – CIA 302
  • VNIEI .... IMTAS 1151
  • VOMR 305
  • VRBSREDONIS 1042
  • VRDVNICIVIV 688
  • VVALA – CARI 300
  • VVRVIRIACO 1152a
  • WA – NO – N 307
  • WIRZIBVRCCIVIT 1549
  • Wurzburg 1549
  • XARELACIVIS 1511
  • XBITVRICESCI VIT 1666, 1667
  • XD – MAG – OSC 262
  • XHVICOHOIO 656
  • XICIAIIAREIICIO 509
  • XICTIANARELIGIO 317–319
  • XINVICOHOIO 655
  • XL 306
  • XMELDIS 848
  • XPIANAREIIC(I)0 1436, 1524
  • XPIITIANARELICIO 1528
  • XPISTIANAIHICIO 590
  • XPISTIAIIARIIICIO 586
  • XPISTIAHAIHICIO 590
  • XPISTIAHARE(LICIO) 510, 575a, 1570
  • XPISTI ANAOEII ... 576
  • XPISTI ANAPELICIO 565, 588
  • XPISTIANARE(I) 466, 512
  • XPISTI ANAREICIO 471, 487, 538
  • XPISTI ANAREIICIO 491, 492, 498, 508a, 566, 567, 1166, 1167, 1171, 1436, 1523, 1524, 1530
  • XPISTIANARELICIO 494, 499, 500, 507.569,573.574.577.582,589, 1159, 1160, 1162, 1164, 1165, 1168–1170, 1219–1221
  • XPISTI ANARELICO 580
  • XPSTIANARELIGI 1182
  • XPISTIANARELIGIO 314, 469, 470, 472–490, 495–497, 501, 502, 504–506,508,562,564,568,570–572, 579.581. 584. 587. 621, 1153–1155, 1157, 1161, 1167
  • XPISTI ANARELIICIO 503
  • XPISTI ANARELO 583
  • XPISTI ANARI 467
  • XPISTIANARIIICIO 587, 591, 1542
  • XPISTI ANARILIGIO 563
  • XPISTI ANARLIICIO 1222
  • XPITIANARELICIO 1540, 1541
  • XQVI STIVNVRE 511
  • XRIAIIACIO 438
  • XRIAIIAIICIO 1437, 1439
  • XRIANAELIIO 468
  • XRISTIANAREIIGIO 1218
  • XRISTIANARELI GIO n90
  • XRISTI ANARIIICIO 1163
  • XROTVMACVSCIVII 878, 879
  • XXICIAIIAREIICIO 509
  • Zwentibold 1544–1545

INDEX TO THE INVENTORY OF FINDS

The number after each entry refers to the number assigned in the Inventory of Finds. Major Finds are printed in capital letters.

  • Aachen 179
  • AALSUM 28
  • ABLAINCOURT 83
  • ACHLUM 29
  • Aggersborg 249
  • Alésia 148
  • Alstad 243
  • ANGERS 16
  • ANS FIND 84
  • ARRAS 67
  • érstad 241
  • ASSEBROUCK 60
  • ASSEN 91
  • AUZEVILLE 30
  • AVIGNON 68
  • BALLON 31
  • BARBENTANE 17
  • BEAUMONT 63
  • BEL-AIR 2
  • BELVéZET 14
  • BIEBRICH 11
  • Bierzglowo 221
  • Birka 256
  • Birka 257
  • Birka 261
  • BLéTZ 129
  • BLIGNY 69
  • Bébingen 172
  • BONDENO 12
  • Bonn 154
  • Bonn 155
  • Bonn 156
  • Bonn 175
  • Bonn 203
  • BONNEVAUX 70
  • Boppard 177
  • Bourges 146
  • Bourges 149
  • BOURGNEUF 71
  • BRIOUX 32
  • Brohélt 242
  • BRUéRES 107
  • Brussels 227
  • Burgheim 167
  • CASTEL SARRASIN 108
  • Castel Seprio 279
  • CHALON-SUR-SAéNE I 72
  • CHALON-SUR-SAéNE II 73
  • CHAMOUX-MARCILLY 54
  • CHARABOTTE 110
  • CHARTRES 118
  • Chartres 131
  • CHAR VET-See 121, 122
  • Chéteau de Bréaux-sous-Nappe 137
  • CHATEAUNEUF-SUR-CHER 109
  • CHZé Y-L'ABBAYE 3
  • COMPIéGNE 62
  • COSNE 33
  • COUDRE III
  • COURBANTON I 88
  • COURBANTON II 89
  • COURBANTON III 90
  • Croydon 274
  • CUERDALE 98
  • DALEN 114
  • Dargocice 217
  • Domburg-Dorestadt 228
  • DORESTADT 18
  • Dorking 270
  • EICHSTETTEN 85
  • Emden 200
  • EMMEN 34
  • Epfach 180
  • Erdmannhausen 157
  • ETAMPES 64
  • ETRéCHY 35
  • EVREUX 103
  • EVREUX (ST. TAURIN) 104
  • Eysélden 168
  • FéCAMP 116
  • FONTAINES 36
  • FRANKFURT a. M. 19
  • Frankfurt a.M. 181
  • FREIBURG i. B. 100
  • FREISING 20
  • "FRISIA" 37
  • Fulda 182
  • GANNAT 74
  • "GELDERLAND"4
  • GLIZY 75
  • Gower 267
  • Gravesend 272
  • GRONINGEN 38
  • Grosso in the Mesolcina 279
  • Haitabu 161
  • Haitabu 162
  • Haitabu 183
  • HARKIRKE 276
  • HAUTE-ISLE 86
  • Hedeby 244
  • HELJARP 21
  • HERMENCHES 22
  • HOARD OF THE HOLY FAMILY 106
  • Hoard of the Vestal Virgins ("Forum Hoard") 281
  • Hohenaltheim 184
  • Hollingstedt 174
  • Hollingstedt 198
  • HOLTLAND 128
  • Hon 238
  • Hornburg 185
  • IBERSHEIM 13
  • IDE 52
  • Iholm 234
  • ILANZ I 99
  • ILANZ II 10
  • IMPHY 1
  • "INDRE" 23
  • ISSY-L'EVéQUE 76
  • Jaeren 236
  • JELSUM 5
  • Josselin 134
  • JOUAYE-MONDAYE 101
  • "JURA"6
  • Jynevad 248
  • Kaldal 240
  • Kamien Pomorski 218
  • KARDEN 24
  • Kaupang 251
  • KETTILSTORP 25
  • KIMSWERD-PINGJUM I 39
  • KIMSWERD-PINGJUM II 40
  • Kolmar 171
  • Korvey 186
  • Kowal 220
  • KRINKBERG 9
  • Kulhusgérden 250
  • LABEAUME 125
  • La Chaussée 141
  • LA GILLERIE 41
  • LANGON 57
  • LANGRES 92
  • La Réole VI 150
  • LAUZéS 42
  • LAXFIELD 65
  • Leer 165
  • Lerchenborg 246
  • Lewes 266
  • Liége 226
  • LISéWEK 119
  • "Loire-Inférieure" 132
  • London (Middle Temple) 268
  • LOPPERSUM 43
  • Lorenzberg bei Epfach 160
  • Lorsch 158
  • Lyon I 135
  • Lyon II 136
  • Lyslo 239
  • Magyarszombathely 287
  • Mainz (St. Alban) 166
  • MARSUM 77
  • Marsum 170
  • Mayen 187
  • MéRéVILLE-SAINT-PéRE 44
  • METZ 115
  • Mgowo 222
  • Middelstum 230
  • MIDLAREN 55
  • MIDLUM 93
  • Moksnes 232
  • Monostori Sziget 289
  • Morsen 245
  • Mosciano San Angelo 280
  • MOULIN-GARGOT 78
  • MUIZON-LEZ-MALINES 45
  • MULLAGHBODEN 46
  • Munkegérd 252
  • Ménster 201
  • Neuhaus 205
  • Neuménster-Grotenkamp 178
  • Neuménster-Grotenkamp 197
  • NEUVI-AU-HOULME 47
  • NOURRAY 59
  • Nousiainen 264
  • Oberbillig 195
  • Obrzycko 212
  • ODOORN 87
  • éland 260
  • Oranienburg 216
  • Ordonnac 142
  • Orsova 282
  • Ostro 193
  • Ostro 215
  • OUDWOUDE 48
  • Paretz 207
  • PILLIGERHECK 53
  • PINGJUM 94
  • Pin's Knoll (Dorset) 269
  • "PLACE UNKNOWN" 117
  • Plonsk 225
  • POITIERS 126
  • Polczyn-Zdroje 214
  • "Pommerania" 223
  • Port St. Mary, Isle of Man 277
  • Posenschen 208
  • Prerow-Darss 163
  • Rahlingen 194
  • Ramelsloh 188
  • Regensburg 173
  • Regensburg 196
  • Regensburg 209
  • RENNES 102
  • Rheims 130
  • RIJS 49
  • Rimforsa 258
  • ROCHES-L'EVé QUE 95
  • ROME 112
  • ROME 123
  • ROSWINKEL 66
  • Rudkjébing 247
  • Salum 259
  • SAN PAOLO FUORI LE MURE 124
  • SARZANA 7
  • SAUMERAY 80
  • SAUMUR 79
  • SAVIGNé-SOUS-LE-LUDE 81
  • Schowen 231
  • Schwenningen 202
  • Sigters 262
  • Slupsk 213
  • Sneek 229
  • Séndre Bé 237
  • Séndre Vaje 233
  • "SPAIN" 120
  • Spangereid 235
  • Speyer 169
  • Speyer 189
  • Stade 190
  • St. Albans 265
  • Stamford 275
  • Starydworek 219
  • Steckborn 278
  • St. Emilion I 145
  • ST. EMILION II 50
  • Stolpe 210
  • Stolpehuse 255
  • Store Valby 254
  • St. Pétronille-de-Gironde 144
  • STRASSBURG-BASEL 105
  • St-Quentin 140
  • St-Vincent-sur-Craon 143
  • Szentes 284
  • Talnotrie 271
  • TER APEL 97
  • TERSLEV 113
  • THOUARS 26
  • Thurow 224
  • Tiszaeszlér 285
  • Tiszaeszlér 286
  • Tolstrup 253
  • Toulouse 147
  • Tournai 139
  • Tours 138
  • Trebenow 206
  • Trewhiddle 273
  • Trier 191
  • Trier 192
  • Trier I 151
  • Trier II 153
  • Trier III 152
  • Trier IV 159
  • Trier V 164
  • TROYES 96
  • Trzebianowo 211
  • Urach 199
  • VAUX-DE-VIRE 58
  • Vejrméllebanken 263
  • VERCELLI 8
  • VERDUN 127
  • Verdun 133
  • Vereb 283
  • Vereb 288
  • VEUILLIN 15
  • WAGENBOGEN 56
  • WINSUM 27
  • Worms 176
  • YORK 61
  • YROND 82
  • Zabern 204
  • ZELZATE 51

PLATES

I

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PIPIN THE SHORT 752–768

II

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PIPIN THE SHORT 752–768

III

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CARLOMAN 768–771

IV

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PIPPIN THE SHORT 752–768

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CHARLEMAGNE 768–814

V

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CHARLEMAGNE 768–814

VI

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CHARLEMAGNE 768–814

VII

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CHARLEMAGNE 768–814

VIII

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CHARLEMAGNE 768–814

IX

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CHARLEMAGNE 768–814

X

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CHARLEMAGNE 768–814

XI

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LOUIS THE PIOUS 814–840

XII

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LOUIS THE PIOUS 814–840

XIII

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LOUIS THE PIOUS 814–840

XIV

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LOUIS THE PIOUS 814–840

XV

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LOUIS THE PIOUS 814–840

XVI

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LOUIS THE PIOUS 814–840

XVII

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LOUIS THE PIOUS 814–840

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LOTHAIRE I 840–855

XVIII

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LOTHAIRE I 840–855

XIX

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LOTHAIRE I 840–855

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LOIUS THE GERMAN 840–876

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PIPPIN I (814–838) or PIPPIN II (839–852) OF AQUITAINE

XX

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PIPPIN I (814–838) or PIPPIN II (839–852) OF AQUITAINE

XXI

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CHARLES THE BALD 843–877

XXII

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CHARLES THE BALD 843–877

XXIII

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CHARLES THE BALD 843–877

XXIV

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CHARLES THE BALD 843–877

XXV

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CHARLES THE BALD 843–877

XXVI

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CHARLES THE BALD 843–877

XXVII

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CHARLES THE BALD 843–877

XXVIII

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CHARLES THE BALD 843–877

XXIX

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CHARLES THE BALD 843–877

XXX

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CHARLES THE BALD 843–877

XXXI

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CHARLES THE BALD 843–877

XXXII

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CHARLES THE BALD 843–877

XXXIII

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CHARLES THE BALD 843–877

XXXIV

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CHARLES THE BALD 843–877

XXXV

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CHARLES THE BALD 843–877

XXXVI

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CHARLES THE BALD 843–877

XXXVII

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LOUIS II 855–875

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LOTHAIRE II 855–869

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CHARLES THE CHILD 855–863

XXXVIII

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CARLOMAN 879–884

XXXIX

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LOUIS II (877–879) OR LOUIS III (879–882)

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BOSON 879–887

XL

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ODO 887–898

XLI

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ODO 887–898

XLII

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ODO 887–898

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CHARLES THE SIMPLE 898–923

XLIII

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CHARLES THE SIMPLE 898–923

XLIV

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CHARLES THE SIMPLE 898–923

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LATE NINTH CENTURY ISSUES IN THE NAME OF AN EMPEROR CHARLES

XLV

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LOTHAIRE I 840–855

XLVI

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ARNULF 887–899

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LOUIS THE CHILD 899–911

XLVII

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LOUIS THE BLIND 901–905

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RAOUL 923–936

XLVIII

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LOUIS IV (936–954) OR LOUIS V (986–987)

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LOTHAIRE 954–986

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CONRAD THE PACIFIC 937–993